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{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Austria.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Austria"}
{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Austria, click {z,"9.504575,44.540248,17.698700,50.605757",here}{4}!
{2}Location:{4} Central Europe, north of Italy
{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 83,850 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 82,730 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than Maine
{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 2,558 km
{3}border countries:{4} Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km,
Liechtenstein 37 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 324 km, Switzerland 164 km
{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)
{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)
{2}International disputes:{4} none
{2}Climate:{4} temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in
mountains; cool summers with occasional showers
{2}Terrain:{4} in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins
mostly flat or gently sloping
{3}lowest point:{4} Neusiedler See 115 m
{3}highest point:{4} Grossglockner 3,797 m
{2}Natural resources:{4} iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 17%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 1%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 24%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 39%
{3}other:{4} 19%
{2}Irrigated land:{4} 40 sq km (1989)
{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from
the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power
stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern
Europe
{2}natural hazards:{4} NA
{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-
Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands,
Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol
{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many
easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is
concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures
elsewhere
{1}People{4}
{2}Population:{4} 8,023,244 (July 1996 est.)
{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 18% (male 720,696; female 685,179)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 67% (male 2,726,122; female 2,659,162)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 15% (male 451,231; female 780,854) (July 1996 est.)
{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.41% (1996 est.)
{2}Birth rate:{4} 11.19 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Death rate:{4} 10.43 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Net migration rate:{4} 3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.58 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 76.53 years
{3}male:{4} 73.38 years
{3}female:{4} 79.84 years (1996 est.)
{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 1.49 children born/woman (1996 est.)
{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Austrian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Austrian
{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1%
{2}Religions:{4} Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9%
{2}Languages:{4} German
{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1974 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 99%
{3}male:{4} NA%
{3}female:{4} NA%
{1}Government{4}
{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Austria
{3}conventional short form:{4} Austria
{3}local long form:{4} Republik Oesterreich
{3}local short form:{4} Oesterreich
{2}Type of government:{4} federal republic
{2}Capital:{4} Vienna
{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten,
Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien
{2}Independence:{4} 12 November 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)
{2}National holiday:{4} National Day, 26 October (1955)
{2}Constitution:{4} 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
{2}Legal system:{4} civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the
Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections
{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992) was elected for a six-year term by
popular vote; election last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1998); results of second ballot -
Thomas KLESTIL 57%, Rudolf STREICHER 43%
{3}head of government:{4} Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986) was chosen by the
president from the majority party in the National Council; Vice Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL
(since 22 April 1995) was chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor
{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung)
Federal Council (Bundesrat): consists of 63 members representing each of the provinces on the
basis of population, but with each province having at least three representatives
National Council (Nationalrat): elections last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held Fall 1999);
results - SPOE 38.3%, OEVP 28.3%, FPOE 22.1%, Greens 4.6%, LF 5.3%, other 1.4%; seats -
(183 total) SPOE 71, OEVP 53, FPOE 40, Greens 9, LF 10
{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Judicial Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for civil and criminal cases;
Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) for bureaucratic cases; Constitutional Court
(Verfassungsgerichtshof) for constitutional cases
{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPOE), Franz VRANITZKY,
chairman; Austrian People's Party (OEVP), Wolfgang SCHUESSEL, chairman; Freedom
Movement (F, formerly the Freedom Party of Austria or FPOE), Joerg HAIDER, chairman;
Communist Party (KPOE), Walter SILBERMAYER, chairman; The Greens, Madeleine
PETROVIC; Liberal Forum (LF), Heide SCHMIDT
{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade
Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party
(OEVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; OEVP-oriented League of Austrian
Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action
{2}International organization participation:{4} AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC,
CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,
MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP,
UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH,
UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO, ZC
{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Helmut TUERK
{3}chancery:{4} 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035
{3}telephone:{4} [1] (202) 895-6700
{3}FAX:{4} [1] (202) 895-6750
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Swanee G. HUNT
{3}chancery:{4} Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [43] (1) 313-39
{3}FAX:{4} [43] (1) 310-0682
{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red
{1}Economy{4}
{2}Economic overview:{4} Austria has a well-developed market economy with a sizable - but falling -
proportion of nationalized industry, an extensive social system, and a high standard of living.
Austria's economy is closely integrated with Germany and other EU members - Austria joined the
EU on 1 January 1995. Since the early 1980s, the Austrian economy has experienced stable
growth. Following a mild recession in 1993, Austria's economy - driven by strong exports,
investment, and private consumption - expanded 2.7% in 1994 and about 2.4% in 1995. The
slowdown in 1995 was largely due to an appreciation of the Austrian schilling and its negative
effect on exports and tourism. EU membership has had a positive impact on foreign investment
and has helped to lower inflation. Despite Austria's generally favorable economic prospects, the
government faces a number of economic challenges, especially budget consolidation. Smaller
than expected revenues and rising welfare payments caused the budget deficit to climb to 7.1% of
GDP in 1995. Austria also faces a growing unemployment problem. Although low by European
standards, Austria's unemployment rate has risen gradually during the 1990s as companies
restructured to meet competition from the EU single market and Eastern Europe.
{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $152 billion (1995 est.)
{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.4% (1995 est.)
{2}GDP per capita:{4} $19,000 (1995 est.)
{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 2%
{3}industry:{4} 34%
{3}services:{4} 64% (1994)
{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 2.3% (1995 est.)
{2}Labor force:{4} 3.47 million (1989)
{3}by occupation:{4} services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1%
{3}note:{4} an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers
in Austria number 177,840, about 5% of labor force (1988)
{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 4.6% (1995 est.)
{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $65 billion
{3}expenditures:{4} $75.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)
{2}Industries:{4} food, iron and steel, machines, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism,
mining, motor vehicles
{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 7.7% (first half 1995)
{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 17,230,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 50.2 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 5,824 kWh (1993)
{2}Agriculture:{4} grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets; cattle, pigs, poultry; sawn wood
{2}Illicit drugs:{4} transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and
Eastern Europe
{2}Exports:{4} $45.2 billion (1994)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products,
chemicals
{3}partners:{4} EU 64.8% (Germany 38.1%, Italy 8.1%), Eastern Europe 11.8%, Japan 1.6%, US
3.5% (1994)
{2}Imports:{4} $55.3 billion (1994)
{3}commodities:{4} petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and
clothing, pharmaceuticals
{3}partners:{4} EU 68.4% (Germany 40%, Italy 8.8%), Eastern Europe 6.55%, Japan 4.3%, US 4.4%
(1994)
{2}External debt:{4} $28.7 billion (1995 est.)
{2}Economic aid:{4}
donor: ODA, $544 million (1993)
{2}Currency:{4} 1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen
{2}Exchange rates:{4} Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 10.314 (January 1996), 10.081 (1995), 11.422
(1994), 11.632 (1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991)
{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year
{1}Transportation{4}
{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 5,624 km
standard gauge: 5,269 km 1.435-m gauge (3,263 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 355 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (86 km electrified) (1995)
{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 108,000 km
{3}paved:{4} 22,000 km (including 1,800 km of expressways)
{3}unpaved:{4} 86,000 km (1992 est.)
{2}Waterways:{4} 446 km
{2}Pipelines:{4} crude oil 554 km; petroleum products 171 km; natural gas 2,611 km
{2}Ports:{4} Linz, Vienna
{2}Merchant marine:{4}
{3}total:{4} 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 88,617 GRT/122,475 DWT
{3}ships by type:{4} bulk 1, cargo 23, combination bulk 2, container 1, refrigerated cargo 2 (1995 est.)
{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 55
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 5
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 41
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 4 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1995 est.)
{1}Communications{4}
{2}Telephones:{4} 3.47 million (1986 est.)
{2}Telephone system:{4}
{3}domestic:{4} highly developed and efficient
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2
Eutelsat
{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 6, FM 21 (repeaters 545), shortwave 0
{2}Radios:{4} NA
{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 47 (repeaters 870)
{2}Televisions:{4} 2,418,584 (1984 est.)
{1}Defense{4}
{2}Branches:{4} Army (includes Flying Division)
{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 2,084,827
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,741,068
males reach military age (19) annually: 45,628 (1996 est.)
{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 1.0% of GDP (1995)