Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/148.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 11KB | 312 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Mali.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Mali"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Mali, click {z,"-14.205845,9.728093,6.220680,25.459597",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Western Africa, southwest of Algeria

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 1.24 million sq km
{3}land area:{4} 1.22 million sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly less than twice the size of Texas

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 7,243 km
{3}border countries:{4} Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km,
Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} the disputed international boundary between Burkina Faso and Mali was
submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final
ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina Faso and Mali are
proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger

{2}Climate:{4} subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to
November; cool and dry November to February

{2}Terrain:{4} mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in
northeast
{3}lowest point:{4} Senegal River 23 m
{3}highest point:{4} Hombori Tondo 1,155 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore,
manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 2%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 0%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 25%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 7%
{3}other:{4} 66%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 50 sq km (1989 est.)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water;
poaching

{2}natural hazards:{4} hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Nuclear
Test Ban

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 9,653,261 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 48% (male 2,310,294; female 2,308,941)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 49% (male 2,231,244; female 2,488,276)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 3% (male 149,370; female 165,136) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 2.95% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 51.38 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 19.49 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.03 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.9 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.9 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 102.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 46.84 years
{3}male:{4} 45.12 years
{3}female:{4} 48.6 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 7.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Malian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Malian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai
6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%

{2}Languages:{4} French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 31%
{3}male:{4} 39.4%
{3}female:{4} 23.1%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Mali
{3}conventional short form:{4} Mali
{3}local long form:{4} Republique de Mali
{3}local short form:{4} Mali
{3}former:{4} French Sudan

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Bamako

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro,
Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou

{2}Independence:{4} 22 September 1960 (from France)

{2}National holiday:{4} Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22 September (1960)

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted 12 January 1992

{2}Legal system:{4} based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative
acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

{2}Suffrage:{4} 21 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992) was elected for a five-year
term by universal suffrage; election last held NA April 1992 (next to be held NA April 1997); Alpha
KONARE was elected in runoff race against Montaga TALL
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Ibrahima Boubacar KEITA (since NA March 1994) was
appointed by the president
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly: elections last held 8 March 1992 (next to be held NA February 1997); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (116 total) Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement
for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2,
UMDD 1

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Alliance for Democracy (Adema), Ibrahim Baubacar KEITA; National
Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID), Mountaga TALL; Sudanese Union/African Democratic
Rally (US/RDA), Mamadou Madeira KEITA; Popular Movement for the Development of the
Republic of West Africa; Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), Almamy SYLLA; Union for
Democracy and Development (UDD), Moussa Balla COULIBALY; Rally for Democracy and Labor
(RDT); Union of Democratic Forces for Progress (UFDP), Dembo DIALLO; Party for Democracy
and Progress (PDP), Idrissa TRAORE; Malian Union for Democracy and Development (UMDD);
Movement for the Independence, the Renaissance and Integration of Africa (MIRIA), Mohammed
Lamine TRAORE

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} United Movement and Fronts of Azawad (MFUA); Patriotic
Movement of the Ghanda Kaye (MPGK)

{2}International organization participation:{4} ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-
77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol,
IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH,
UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH
{3}chancery:{4} 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone], 939-8950

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador David RAWSON
{3}embassy:{4} Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako
{3}mailing address:{4} B. P. 34, Bamako
{3}telephone:{4} [223] 22 54 70
{3}FAX:{4} [223] 22 37 12

{2}Flag:{4} three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-
African colors of Ethiopia


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area
desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the
Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in
agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The
economy is beginning to turn around after contracting through 1992-93, largely because of
enhanced exports and import substitute production in the wake of the 50% devaluation of 12
January 1994. Post-devaluation inflation peaked at 35% in 1994, and the government appears to
be keeping on track with its IMF structural adjustment program.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion (1994 est.)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 2.4% (1994 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $600 (1994 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 42.4%
{3}industry:{4} 15.4%
{3}services:{4} 42.2%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 8% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 2.666 million (1986 est.)
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture 80%, services 19%, industry and commerce 1% (1981)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} NA%

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $376 million
{3}expenditures:{4} $697 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

{2}Industries:{4} minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate
and gold mining

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} NA%

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 90,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 310 million kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 33 kWh (1993)

{2}Agriculture:{4} cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats

{2}Exports:{4} $415 million (f.o.b., 1993)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, livestock, gold
{3}partners:{4} mostly franc zone and Western Europe

{2}Imports:{4} $842 million (f.o.b., 1993)
{3}commodities:{4} machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, construction materials, petroleum, textiles
{3}partners:{4} mostly franc zone and Western Europe

{2}External debt:{4} $2.8 billion (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $NA

{2}Currency:{4} 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

{2}Exchange rates:{4} CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20
(1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)
{3}note:{4} beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from
CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 641 km; note - linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes
narrow gauge: 641 km 1.000-m gauge (1995)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 15,610 km
{3}paved:{4} 1,661 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 13,949 km (1987 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} 1,815 km navigable

{2}Ports:{4} Koulikoro

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 24
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 4
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 7
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 8 (1995 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 11,000 (1982 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service
{3}domestic:{4} network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone
communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress
{3}international:{4} satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0

{2}Radios:{4} 430,000 (1992 est.)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 2 (1987 est.)

{2}Televisions:{4} 11,000 (1992 est.)


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police
(Surete Nationale)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,925,205
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 1,100,599 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $66 million, 2.2% of GDP (1994)