Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/132.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 334 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\Kyrgyzs.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Kyrgyzstan"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Kyrgyzstan, click {z,"62.819379,32.882940,85.860682,50.440460",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Central Asia, west of China

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 198,500 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 191,300 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly smaller than South Dakota

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 3,878 km
{3}border countries:{4} China 858 km, Kazakstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley
area

{2}Climate:{4} dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley);
temperate in northern foothill zone

{2}Terrain:{4} peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
{3}lowest point:{4} Kara-Daryya 132 m
{3}highest point:{4} Jengish Chokusu 7,439 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth
metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury,
bismuth, lead, and zinc

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 7%
{3}permanent crops:{4} NEGL%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 42%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 51%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 10,320 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams
and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty
irrigation practices

{2}natural hazards:{4} NA

{2}international agreements:{4} NA

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 4,529,648 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 37% (male 847,859; female 828,889)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 57% (male 1,263,044; female 1,312,040)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 6% (male 100,524; female 177,292) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.07% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 26.02 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 8.83 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -16.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.02 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.57 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.95 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 77.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 63.86 years
{3}male:{4} 59.18 years
{3}female:{4} 68.77 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 3.22 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Kyrgyz(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Kyrgyz

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 21.5%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%,
other 8.3%

{2}Religions:{4} Muslim NA%, Russian Orthodox NA%

{2}Languages:{4} Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official language
{3}note:{4} in March 1996, the Kyrgyz legislature amended the constitution to make Russian an official
language, along with Kyrgyz, in territories and work places where Russian-speaking citizens
predominate

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 97%
{3}male:{4} 99%
{3}female:{4} 96%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Kyrgyz Republic
{3}conventional short form:{4} Kyrgyzstan
{3}local long form:{4} Kyrgyz Respublikasy
{3}local short form:{4} none
{3}former:{4} Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Bishkek

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 6 oblasttar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular - shaar); Bishkek
Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas
Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)
{3}note:{4} names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblast name

{2}Independence:{4} 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted 5 May 1993
{3}note:{4} amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10
February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990) was elected for a five-year term
by popular vote; elections last held 24 December 1995 (next to be held NA); results - Askar
AKAYEV won election with 75% of vote with 86% of electorate voting; note - elections were held
early which gave the two opposition candidates little time to campaign; AKAYEV may have
orchestrated the "deregistration" of two other candidates, one of whom was a major rival
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Apas JUMAGULOV (since NA December 1993) was
appointed by the president and reappointed February 1996
{3}cabinet:{4} Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime
minister

{2}Legislative branch:{4} bicameral Supreme Council (Zhogorku Kenesh)
Assembly of People's Representatives: elections last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held NA
2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (70 total) seats by party NA; note - not all the
70 seats were filled at the 5 February elections; as a result, run-off elections were held at later
dates; the assembly meets twice yearly
Legislative Assembly: elections last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (35 total) seats by party NA; note - not all the 35 seats were
filled at the 5 February elections; as a result, run-off elections were held
{3}note:{4} the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court, judges are appointed for a 10-year term by the Zhogorku Kenesh
on recommendation of the president; Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4} Social Democratic Party (SDP); Democratic Movement of
Kyrgyzstan (DDK), Jypar JEKSHEYEV, chairman; National Unity; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan
(PCK), Absamat MASALIYEV, chairman; Democratic Movement of Free Kyrgyzstan (ErK),
Tursunbay Bakir UULU, chairman; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan; Agrarian Party of
Kyrgyzstan; Atu Meken Party, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV; ASABA

{2}Other political or pressure groups:{4} National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council
of Free Trade Unions; Union of Entrepreneurs; Agrarian Party

{2}International organization participation:{4} AsDB, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD,
ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE,
PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Acting Ambassador Almas CHUKIN
{3}chancery:{4} (temporary) Suite 706, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Eileen A. MALLOY
{3}embassy:{4} Erkindik Prospekt #66, Bishkek 720002
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [7] [phone], 22-27-77, 22-26-31, 22-24-73
{3}FAX:{4} [7] [phone]

{2}Flag:{4} red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on
the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun
is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the
traditional Kirghiz yurt


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly
agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports.
Industrial exports included gold, mercury, uranium, and hydropower. Kyrgyzstan has been one of
the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms.
Following a successful stabilization program, which has lowered inflation from 88% in 1994 to
32% for 1995, attention is turning toward stimulating growth. About half of government stock in
enterprises has been sold. Drops in production have been severe since the break up of the Soviet
Union, but by mid-1995 production began to level off as exports began to increase. The level of
hardship for pensioners, unemployed workers, and government workers with salaries arrears
continues to be very high. Foreign assistance plays a substantial role in the country's budget. In
early 1996, the economy apparently is slowly beginning to restore previous levels of output.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} -6% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $1,140 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} NA%
{3}industry:{4} NA%
{3}services:{4} NA%

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 32% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1.836 million
{3}by occupation:{4} agriculture and forestry 38%, industry and construction 21%, other 41% (1990)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 4.8% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of
unregistered unemployed and underemployed workers (December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators,
furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} -12.5% (1995)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 3,660,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 12.3 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 2,500 kWh (1995 est.)

{2}Agriculture:{4} wool, tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats,
cattle

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption;
government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe
and North America from Southwest Asia

{2}Exports:{4} $380 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Turkey, Cuba, and Germany

{2}Imports:{4} $439 million (1995)
{3}commodities:{4} grain, lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear
{3}partners:{4} Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, China, and UK

{2}External debt:{4} $480 million (of which $115 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $56 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments, 1992-95, $1,695 million ($390 million disbursements)

{2}Currency:{4} introduced national currency, the som (10 May 1993)

{2}Exchange rates:{4} soms per US$1 - 11.2 (yearend 1995), 10.6 (yearend 1994)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
{3}broad gauge:{4} 370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 28,400 km
{3}paved:{4} 22,400 km
{3}unpaved:{4} 6,000 km (1990)

{2}Pipelines:{4} natural gas 200 km

{2}Ports:{4} Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 54
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:{4} 3
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 9
{3}with paved runways under 914 m:{4} 1
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 4
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 4
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 32 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 342,000 (1991 est.)

{2}Telephone system:{4} poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household
telephones
{3}domestic:{4} principally microwave radio relay
{3}international:{4} connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with
other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite;
satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note -1 state-run radio broadcast
station

{2}Radios:{4} 825,000 (radio receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 748,000)

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1
{3}note:{4} receives Turkish broadcasts

{2}Televisions:{4} 875,000


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops), Civil Defense

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 1,096,985
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 890,901
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 44,159 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} 151 million soms, NA% of GDP (1995); note - conversion of defense
expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results