Axion 3D Atlas/ATLAS.iso/stats/11.txt

Text File | 1998-01-23 | 13KB | 339 lines

{bitmap= 26,50,"flags\armen.bmp"}
{bigtext=150,120,"Armenia"}



{1}Geography{4}
{4}To see a map of Armenia, click {z,"39.709755,36.515567,49.741164,44.265814",here}{4}!

{2}Location:{4} Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey

{2}Area:{4}
{3}total area:{4} 29,800 sq km
{3}land area:{4} 28,400 sq km
{3}comparative area:{4} slightly larger than Maryland

{2}Land boundaries:{4}
{3}total:{4} 1,254 km
{3}border countries:{4} Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164
km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

{2}Coastline:{4} 0 km (landlocked)

{2}Maritime claims:{4} none (landlocked)

{2}International disputes:{4} supports ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict
against the Azerbaijani Government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey
have subsided

{2}Climate:{4} highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

{2}Terrain:{4} high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in
Aras River valley
{3}lowest point:{4} Debed River 400 m
{3}highest point:{4} Aragats Lerr 4,095 m

{2}Natural resources:{4} small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

{2}Land use:{4}
{3}arable land:{4} 17%
{3}permanent crops:{4} 3%
{3}meadows and pastures:{4} 20%
{3}forest and woodland:{4} 0%
{3}other:{4} 60%

{2}Irrigated land:{4} 3,050 sq km (1990)

{2}Environment:{4}
{3}current issues:{4} soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of
conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of
Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for
hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without
adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems

{2}natural hazards:{4} occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

{2}international agreements:{4} party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands;
signed, but not ratified - Desertification

{2}Geographic note:{4} landlocked


{1}People{4}

{2}Population:{4} 3,463,574 (July 1996 est.)

{2}Age structure:{4}
{3}0-14 years:{4} 28% (male 497,461; female 476,649)
{3}15-64 years:{4} 64% (male 1,085,935; female 1,132,282)
{3}65 years and over:{4} 8% (male 111,661; female 159,586) (July 1996 est.)

{2}Population growth rate:{4} 0.02% (1996 est.)

{2}Birth rate:{4} 16.27 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Death rate:{4} 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Net migration rate:{4} -8.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

{2}Sex ratio:{4}
{3}at birth:{4} 1.05 male(s)/female
{3}under 15 years:{4} 1.04 male(s)/female
{3}15-64 years:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female
{3}65 years and over:{4} 0.7 male(s)/female
{3}all ages:{4} 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

{2}Infant mortality rate:{4} 38.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

{2}Life expectancy at birth:{4}
{3}total population:{4} 69.06 years
{3}male:{4} 64.44 years
{3}female:{4} 73.92 years (1996 est.)

{2}Total fertility rate:{4} 2.06 children born/woman (1996 est.)

{2}Nationality:{4}
{3}noun:{4} Armenian(s)
{3}adjective:{4} Armenian

{2}Ethnic divisions:{4} Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989)
{3}note:{4} as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

{2}Religions:{4} Armenian Orthodox 94%

{2}Languages:{4} Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

{2}Literacy:{4} age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)
{3}total population:{4} 99%
{3}male:{4} 99%
{3}female:{4} 98%


{1}Government{4}

{2}Name of country:{4}
{3}conventional long form:{4} Republic of Armenia
{3}conventional short form:{4} Armenia
{3}local long form:{4} Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
{3}local short form:{4} Hayastan
{3}former:{4} Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic

{2}Type of government:{4} republic

{2}Capital:{4} Yerevan

{2}Administrative divisions:{4} 37 regions (shrjanner, singular - shrjan) and 23 cities* (kaghakner,
singular - kaghak); Abovyan*, Akhuryani Shrjan, Alaverdi*, Amasiayi Shrjan, Anii Shrjan, Aparani
Shrjan, Aragatsi Shrjan, Ararat*, Ararati Shrjan, Armaviri Shrjan, Artashat*, Artashati Shrjan,
Art'ik*, Art'iki Shrjan, Ashots'k'i Shrjan, Ashtarak*, Ashtaraki Shrjan, Baghramyani Shrjan,
Ch'arents'avan*, Dilijan*, Ejmiatsin*, Ejmiatsni Shrjan, Goris*, Gorisi Shrjan, Gugark'i Shrjan,
Gyumri*, Hoktemberyan*, Hrazdan*, Hrazdani Shrjan, Ijevan*, Ijevani Shrjan, Jermuk*, Kamo*,
Kamoyi Shrjan, Kapan*, Kapani Shrjan, Kotayk'i Shrjan, Krasnoselski Shrjan, Martunu Shrjan,
Masisi Shrjan, Meghru Shrjan, Metsamor*, Nairii Shrjan, Noyemberyani Shrjan, Sevan*, Sevani
Shrjan, Sisiani Shrjan, Spitak*, Spitaki Shrjan, Step'anavan*, Step'anavani Shrjan, T'alini Shrjan,
Tashiri Shrjan, Taushi Shrjan, T'umanyani Shrjan, Vanadzor*, Vardenisi Shrjan, Vayk'i Shrjan,
Yeghegnadzori Shrjan, Yerevan*
{3}note:{4} with the adoption of the new constitution of 5 July 1995, the country was divided into 10
provinces plus the capital: Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Gegharkunik, Gugark, Kotayk, Shirak,
Syunk, Uak, Vayots Dzor, and the capital city of Yerevan

{2}Independence:{4} 28 May 1918 (First Armenian Republic); 23 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

{2}National holiday:{4} Referendum Day, 21 September

{2}Constitution:{4} adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995

{2}Legal system:{4} based on civil law system

{2}Suffrage:{4} 18 years of age; universal

{2}Executive branch:{4}
{3}chief of state:{4} President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN (since NA October 1991) was
elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet 4 August 1990 before being elected president
by popular vote; election last held 16 October 1991 (next to be held NA September 1996); results
- Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN 86%, radical nationalists 7% (est.)
{3}head of government:{4} Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN (since 16 February 1993) was appointed
by the president; First Deputy Prime Minister Vigen CHITECHYAN (since 16 February 1993)
{3}cabinet:{4} Council of Ministers was appointed by the president

{2}Legislative branch:{4} unicameral
National Assembly: elections last held 5 July 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (190 total) Republican Bloc 159 (ANM 63, DLP-Hanrapetutyun Bloc 6,
Republic Party 4, CDU 3, Intellectual Armenia 3, Social Democratic Party 2, independents 78),
SWM 8, ACP 7, NDU 5, NSDU 3, DLP 1, ARF 1, other 4, vacant 2

{2}Judicial branch:{4} Supreme Court

{2}Political parties and leaders:{4}
Republic Bloc (Hanrapetoutioun): Armenian National Movement (ANM), Husik LAZARIAN,
chairman; Democratic Liberal Party (split away from the opposition party); Republican Party,
Ashot NAVARSARDIAN, chairman; Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Azat ARSHAKIAN,
chairman; Intellectual Armenia, H. TOKMAJIAN; Social Democratic (Hnchakian) Party, Yeghia
NAJARIAN
opposition parties: Shamiram Women's Movement (SWM), Nadezhda SARKISIAN; Armenian
Communist Party (ACP), Sergey BADALYAN; National Democratic Union (NDU), Davit
VARDANIAN and Vasken MANUKIAN; Union of National Self-Determination (NSDU), Paruir
HAIRIKIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), Rouben MIRZAKHANIAN, chairman;
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), Rouben HAKOBIAN, chairman

{2}International organization participation:{4} BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, NAM
(observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
(applicant)

{2}Diplomatic representation in US:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Ruben SHUGARIAN
{3}chancery:{4} 11th floor, 1660 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
{3}telephone:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}FAX:{4} [1] [phone]
{3}consulate(s) general:{4} Los Angeles

{2}US diplomatic representation:{4}
{3}chief of mission:{4} Ambassador Peter TOMSEN
{3}embassy:{4} 18 Gen Bagramian, Yerevan
{3}mailing address:{4} use embassy street address
{3}telephone:{4} [7] (3742) 151-144, 524-661
{3}FAX:{4} [7] (3742) 151-138

{2}Flag:{4} three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and gold


{1}Economy{4}

{2}Economic overview:{4} Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a
modern industrial sector, supplying machine building tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods
to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia is a food importer and its
mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The economic decline in recent years (1991-94) has
been particularly severe due to the ongoing conflict over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of
Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and Turkey have blockaded pipeline and railroad
traffic to Armenia for its support of the Karabakh Armenians. This has left Armenia with chronic
energy shortages because of a lack of capacity and frequent disruptions of natural gas deliveries
through unstable Georgia, as well as difficulties in obtaining other types of fuel. Nevertheless, the
economy appears to have bottomed out due largely to the government's strong reform program.
GDP grew by about 5% in 1995. Inflation fell from an average 40% per month in early 1994 to an
average 2.4% per month in 1995. A full economic recovery, however, cannot be expected until the
conflict is settled and the blockade lifted.

{2}GDP:{4} purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank
estimate for 1994)

{2}GDP real growth rate:{4} 5.2% (1995 est.)

{2}GDP per capita:{4} $2,560 (1995 est.)

{2}GDP composition by sector:{4}
{3}agriculture:{4} 57%
{3}industry:{4} 36%
{3}services:{4} 7% (1993 est.)

{2}Inflation rate (consumer prices):{4} 32.2% (1995 est.)

{2}Labor force:{4} 1.012 million
{3}by occupation:{4} industry and construction 46%, agriculture 2%, transportation and communication
7%, other 45% (1992)

{2}Unemployment rate:{4} 8% officially registered unemployed, but large numbers of underemployed
(December 1995)

{2}Budget:{4}
{3}revenues:{4} $NA
{3}expenditures:{4} $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

{2}Industries:{4} much of industry is shut down; metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines,
electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, washing machines, chemicals,
trucks, watches, instruments, microelectronics

{2}Industrial production growth rate:{4} 2.4% (1995 est.)

{2}Electricity:{4}
{3}capacity:{4} 4,620,000 kW
{3}production:{4} 5.7 billion kWh
{3}consumption per capita:{4} 1,620 kWh (1994)

{2}Agriculture:{4} fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy
and other liqueurs; minor livestock sector

{2}Illicit drugs:{4} illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment
point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

{2}Exports:{4} $248 million (f.o.b., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} gold and jewelry, aluminum, transport equipment, electrical equipment, scrap metal
{3}partners:{4} Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia

{2}Imports:{4} $661 million (c.i.f., 1995)
{3}commodities:{4} grain, other foods, fuel, other energy
{3}partners:{4} Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia, US, EU

{2}External debt:{4} $850 million (of which $75 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

{2}Economic aid:{4}
{3}recipient:{4} ODA, $30 million (1993)
{3}note:{4} commitments (excluding Russia), $1,385 million ($675 million in disbursements) (1992-95)

{2}Currency:{4} 1 dram = 100 luma (introduced new currency in November 1993)

{2}Exchange rates:{4} dram per US$1 - 401.8 (end December 1995), 406 (end December 1994)

{2}Fiscal year:{4} calendar year


{1}Transportation{4}

{2}Railways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 825 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
{3}broad gauge:{4} 825 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)

{2}Highways:{4}
{3}total:{4} 11,300 km
{3}paved:{4} 10,500 km (including graveled)
{3}unpaved:{4} 800 km (1990 est.)

{2}Waterways:{4} NA km

{2}Pipelines:{4} natural gas 900 km (1991)

{2}Ports:{4} none

{2}Airports:{4}
{3}total:{4} 11
{3}with paved runways over 3,047 m:{4} 2
{3}with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 1
{3}with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:{4} 2
{3}with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:{4} 3
{3}with unpaved runways under 914 m:{4} 1 (1994 est.)


{1}Communications{4}

{2}Telephones:{4} 650,000

{2}Telephone system:{4} joint venture agreement to install fiber-optic cable and construct facilities for
cellular telephone service remains in the negotiation phase
{3}domestic:{4} NA
{3}international:{4} international connections to other former Soviet republics are by landline or
microwave radio relay and to other countries by satellite and by leased connection through the
Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat

{2}Radio broadcast stations:{4} AM 10, FM 3, shortwave NA (1991)

{2}Radios:{4} NA

{2}Television broadcast stations:{4} 1
{3}note:{4} 100% of population receives Armenian and Russian TV programs

{2}Televisions:{4} NA


{1}Defense{4}

{2}Branches:{4} Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

{2}Manpower availability:{4}
{3}males age 15-49:{4} 901,974
{3}males fit for military service:{4} 719,212
{3}males reach military age (18) annually:{4} 29,988 (1996 est.)

{2}Defense expenditures:{4} exchange rate conversion - $75 million, NA% of GDP (1992)