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- package UNIVERSAL;
-
- our $VERSION = '1.01';
-
- # UNIVERSAL should not contain any extra subs/methods beyond those
- # that it exists to define. The use of Exporter below is a historical
- # accident that can't be fixed without breaking code. Note that we
- # *don't* set @ISA here, don't want all classes/objects inheriting from
- # Exporter. It's bad enough that all classes have a import() method
- # whenever UNIVERSAL.pm is loaded.
- require Exporter;
- *import = \&Exporter::import;
- @EXPORT_OK = qw(isa can VERSION);
-
- 1;
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- $is_io = $fd->isa("IO::Handle");
- $is_io = Class->isa("IO::Handle");
-
- $sub = $obj->can("print");
- $sub = Class->can("print");
-
- use UNIVERSAL qw( isa can VERSION );
- $yes = isa $ref, "HASH" ;
- $sub = can $ref, "fandango" ;
- $ver = VERSION $obj ;
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- C<UNIVERSAL> is the base class which all bless references will inherit from,
- see L<perlobj>.
-
- C<UNIVERSAL> provides the following methods and functions:
-
- =over 4
-
- =item C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>
-
- =item C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>
-
- =item C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>
-
- Where
-
- =over 4
-
- =item C<TYPE>
-
- is a package name
-
- =item C<$obj>
-
- is a blessed reference or a string containing a package name
-
- =item C<CLASS>
-
- is a package name
-
- =item C<VAL>
-
- is any of the above or an unblessed reference
-
- =back
-
- When used as an instance or class method (C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>),
- C<isa> returns I<true> if $obj is blessed into package C<TYPE> or
- inherits from package C<TYPE>.
-
- When used as a class method (C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>: sometimes
- referred to as a static method), C<isa> returns I<true> if C<CLASS>
- inherits from (or is itself) the name of the package C<TYPE> or
- inherits from package C<TYPE>.
-
- When used as a function, like
-
- use UNIVERSAL qw( isa ) ;
- $yes = isa $h, "HASH";
- $yes = isa "Foo", "Bar";
-
- or
-
- require UNIVERSAL ;
- $yes = UNIVERSAL::isa $a, "ARRAY";
-
- C<isa> returns I<true> in the same cases as above and also if C<VAL> is an
- unblessed reference to a perl variable of type C<TYPE>, such as "HASH",
- "ARRAY", or "Regexp".
-
- =item C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>
-
- =item C<< CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>
-
- =item C<can( VAL, METHOD )>
-
- C<can> checks if the object or class has a method called C<METHOD>. If it does
- then a reference to the sub is returned. If it does not then I<undef> is
- returned. This includes methods inherited or imported by C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, or
- C<VAL>.
-
- C<can> cannot know whether an object will be able to provide a method
- through AUTOLOAD, so a return value of I<undef> does not necessarily mean
- the object will not be able to handle the method call. To get around
- this some module authors use a forward declaration (see L<perlsub>)
- for methods they will handle via AUTOLOAD. For such 'dummy' subs, C<can>
- will still return a code reference, which, when called, will fall through
- to the AUTOLOAD. If no suitable AUTOLOAD is provided, calling the coderef
- will cause an error.
-
- C<can> can be called as a class (static) method, an object method, or a
- function.
-
- When used as a function, if C<VAL> is a blessed reference or package name which
- has a method called C<METHOD>, C<can> returns a reference to the subroutine.
- If C<VAL> is not a blessed reference, or if it does not have a method
- C<METHOD>, I<undef> is returned.
-
- =item C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
-
- C<VERSION> will return the value of the variable C<$VERSION> in the
- package the object is blessed into. If C<REQUIRE> is given then
- it will do a comparison and die if the package version is not
- greater than or equal to C<REQUIRE>.
-
- C<VERSION> can be called as either a class (static) method, an object
- method or a function.
-
-
- =back
-
- =head1 EXPORTS
-
- None by default.
-
- You may request the import of all three functions (C<isa>, C<can>, and
- C<VERSION>), however it isn't usually necessary to do so. Perl magically
- makes these functions act as methods on all objects. The one exception is
- C<isa>, which is useful as a function when operating on non-blessed
- references.
-
- =cut
-