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Text File | 2004-06-01 | 41.8 KB | 1,575 lines |
-
- #
- # "Tax the rat farms." - Lord Vetinari
- #
-
- # The following hash values are used:
- # sign : +,-,NaN,+inf,-inf
- # _d : denominator
- # _n : numeraotr (value = _n/_d)
- # _a : accuracy
- # _p : precision
- # _f : flags, used by MBR to flag parts of a rational as untouchable
- # You should not look at the innards of a BigRat - use the methods for this.
-
- package Math::BigRat;
-
- require 5.005_03;
- use strict;
-
- require Exporter;
- use Math::BigFloat;
- use vars qw($VERSION @ISA $PACKAGE $upgrade $downgrade
- $accuracy $precision $round_mode $div_scale $_trap_nan $_trap_inf);
-
- @ISA = qw(Exporter Math::BigFloat);
-
- $VERSION = '0.12';
-
- use overload; # inherit from Math::BigFloat
-
- BEGIN { *objectify = \&Math::BigInt::objectify; }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # global constants, flags and accessory
-
- $accuracy = $precision = undef;
- $round_mode = 'even';
- $div_scale = 40;
- $upgrade = undef;
- $downgrade = undef;
-
- # these are internally, and not to be used from the outside
-
- use constant MB_NEVER_ROUND => 0x0001;
-
- $_trap_nan = 0; # are NaNs ok? set w/ config()
- $_trap_inf = 0; # are infs ok? set w/ config()
-
- my $nan = 'NaN';
- my $MBI = 'Math::BigInt';
- my $CALC = 'Math::BigInt::Calc';
- my $class = 'Math::BigRat';
- my $IMPORT = 0;
-
- sub isa
- {
- return 0 if $_[1] =~ /^Math::Big(Int|Float)/; # we aren't
- UNIVERSAL::isa(@_);
- }
-
- sub BEGIN
- {
- *AUTOLOAD = \&Math::BigFloat::AUTOLOAD;
- }
-
- sub _new_from_float
- {
- # turn a single float input into a rational number (like '0.1')
- my ($self,$f) = @_;
-
- return $self->bnan() if $f->is_nan();
- return $self->binf($f->{sign}) if $f->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/;
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->new($CALC->_str ( $f->{_m} ),undef,undef);# mantissa
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- $self->{sign} = $f->{sign} || '+';
- if ($f->{_es} eq '-')
- {
- # something like Math::BigRat->new('0.1');
- # 1 / 1 => 1/10
- $self->{_d}->blsft( $MBI->new($CALC->_str ( $f->{_e} )),10);
- }
- else
- {
- # something like Math::BigRat->new('10');
- # 1 / 1 => 10/1
- $self->{_n}->blsft( $MBI->new($CALC->_str($f->{_e})),10) unless
- $CALC->_is_zero($f->{_e});
- }
- $self;
- }
-
- sub new
- {
- # create a Math::BigRat
- my $class = shift;
-
- my ($n,$d) = shift;
-
- my $self = { }; bless $self,$class;
-
- # input like (BigInt,BigInt) or (BigFloat,BigFloat) not handled yet
-
- if ((!defined $d) && (ref $n) && (!$n->isa('Math::BigRat')))
- {
- if ($n->isa('Math::BigFloat'))
- {
- $self->_new_from_float($n);
- }
- if ($n->isa('Math::BigInt'))
- {
- # TODO: trap NaN, inf
- $self->{_n} = $n->copy(); # "mantissa" = $n
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- $self->{sign} = $self->{_n}->{sign}; $self->{_n}->{sign} = '+';
- }
- if ($n->isa('Math::BigInt::Lite'))
- {
- # TODO: trap NaN, inf
- $self->{sign} = '+'; $self->{sign} = '-' if $$n < 0;
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->new(abs($$n),undef,undef); # "mantissa" = $n
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- }
- return $self->bnorm();
- }
- return $n->copy() if ref $n;
-
- if (!defined $n)
- {
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->bzero(); # undef => 0
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- $self->{sign} = '+';
- return $self->bnorm();
- }
- # string input with / delimiter
- if ($n =~ /\s*\/\s*/)
- {
- return $class->bnan() if $n =~ /\/.*\//; # 1/2/3 isn't valid
- return $class->bnan() if $n =~ /\/\s*$/; # 1/ isn't valid
- ($n,$d) = split (/\//,$n);
- # try as BigFloats first
- if (($n =~ /[\.eE]/) || ($d =~ /[\.eE]/))
- {
- # one of them looks like a float
- # Math::BigFloat($n,undef,undef) does not what it is supposed to do, so:
- local $Math::BigFloat::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::precision = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
-
- my $nf = Math::BigFloat->new($n,undef,undef);
- $self->{sign} = '+';
- return $self->bnan() if $nf->is_nan();
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->new( $CALC->_str( $nf->{_m} ) );
-
- # now correct $self->{_n} due to $n
- my $f = Math::BigFloat->new($d,undef,undef);
- return $self->bnan() if $f->is_nan();
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->new( $CALC->_str( $f->{_m} ) );
-
- # calculate the difference between nE and dE
- my $diff_e = $MBI->new ($nf->exponent())->bsub ( $f->exponent);
- if ($diff_e->is_negative())
- {
- # < 0: mul d with it
- $self->{_d}->blsft($diff_e->babs(),10);
- }
- elsif (!$diff_e->is_zero())
- {
- # > 0: mul n with it
- $self->{_n}->blsft($diff_e,10);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- # both d and n are (big)ints
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->new($n,undef,undef);
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->new($d,undef,undef);
- $self->{sign} = '+';
- return $self->bnan() if $self->{_n}->{sign} eq $nan ||
- $self->{_d}->{sign} eq $nan;
- # handle inf and NAN cases:
- if ($self->{_n}->is_inf() || $self->{_d}->is_inf())
- {
- # inf/inf => NaN
- return $self->bnan() if
- ($self->{_n}->is_inf() && $self->{_d}->is_inf());
- if ($self->{_n}->is_inf())
- {
- my $s = '+'; # '+inf/+123' or '-inf/-123'
- $s = '-' if substr($self->{_n}->{sign},0,1) ne $self->{_d}->{sign};
- # +-inf/123 => +-inf
- return $self->binf($s);
- }
- # 123/inf => 0
- return $self->bzero();
- }
-
- $self->{sign} = $self->{_n}->{sign}; $self->{_n}->babs();
- # if $d is negative, flip sign
- $self->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/ if $self->{_d}->{sign} eq '-';
- $self->{_d}->babs(); # normalize
- }
-
- return $self->bnorm();
- }
-
- # simple string input
- if (($n =~ /[\.eE]/))
- {
- # looks like a float, quacks like a float, so probably is a float
- # Math::BigFloat($n,undef,undef) does not what it is supposed to do, so:
- local $Math::BigFloat::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::precision = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $self->{sign} = 'NaN';
- $self->_new_from_float(Math::BigFloat->new($n,undef,undef));
- }
- else
- {
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->new($n,undef,undef);
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- $self->{sign} = $self->{_n}->{sign}; $self->{_n}->babs();
- return $self->bnan() if $self->{sign} eq 'NaN';
- return $self->binf($self->{sign}) if $self->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/;
- }
- $self->bnorm();
- }
-
- sub copy
- {
- my ($c,$x);
- if (@_ > 1)
- {
- # if two arguments, the first one is the class to "swallow" subclasses
- ($c,$x) = @_;
- }
- else
- {
- $x = shift;
- $c = ref($x);
- }
- return unless ref($x); # only for objects
-
- my $self = {}; bless $self,$c;
-
- $self->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- $self->{_d} = $x->{_d}->copy();
- $self->{_n} = $x->{_n}->copy();
- $self->{_a} = $x->{_a} if defined $x->{_a};
- $self->{_p} = $x->{_p} if defined $x->{_p};
- $self;
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
-
- sub config
- {
- # return (later set?) configuration data as hash ref
- my $class = shift || 'Math::BigFloat';
-
- my $cfg = $class->SUPER::config(@_);
-
- # now we need only to override the ones that are different from our parent
- $cfg->{class} = $class;
- $cfg->{with} = $MBI;
- $cfg;
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
-
- sub bstr
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) # inf, NaN etc
- {
- my $s = $x->{sign}; $s =~ s/^\+//; # +inf => inf
- return $s;
- }
-
- my $s = ''; $s = $x->{sign} if $x->{sign} ne '+'; # '+3/2' => '3/2'
-
- return $s . $x->{_n}->bstr() if $x->{_d}->is_one();
- $s . $x->{_n}->bstr() . '/' . $x->{_d}->bstr();
- }
-
- sub bsstr
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) # inf, NaN etc
- {
- my $s = $x->{sign}; $s =~ s/^\+//; # +inf => inf
- return $s;
- }
-
- my $s = ''; $s = $x->{sign} if $x->{sign} ne '+'; # +3 vs 3
- $s . $x->{_n}->bstr() . '/' . $x->{_d}->bstr();
- }
-
- sub bnorm
- {
- # reduce the number to the shortest form and remember this (so that we
- # don't reduce again)
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- # both parts must be BigInt's (or whatever we are using today)
- if (ref($x->{_n}) ne $MBI)
- {
- require Carp; Carp::croak ("n is not $MBI but (".ref($x->{_n}).')');
- }
- if (ref($x->{_d}) ne $MBI)
- {
- require Carp; Carp::croak ("d is not $MBI but (".ref($x->{_d}).')');
- }
-
- # this is to prevent automatically rounding when MBI's globals are set
- $x->{_d}->{_f} = MB_NEVER_ROUND;
- $x->{_n}->{_f} = MB_NEVER_ROUND;
- # 'forget' that parts were rounded via MBI::bround() in MBF's bfround()
- delete $x->{_d}->{_a}; delete $x->{_n}->{_a};
- delete $x->{_d}->{_p}; delete $x->{_n}->{_p};
-
- # no normalize for NaN, inf etc.
- return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/;
-
- # normalize zeros to 0/1
- if (($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/) &&
- ($x->{_n}->is_zero()))
- {
- $x->{sign} = '+'; # never -0
- $x->{_d} = $MBI->bone() unless $x->{_d}->is_one();
- return $x;
- }
-
- return $x if $x->{_d}->is_one(); # no need to reduce
-
- # reduce other numbers
- # disable upgrade in BigInt, otherwise deep recursion
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- my $gcd = $x->{_n}->bgcd($x->{_d});
-
- if (!$gcd->is_one())
- {
- $x->{_n}->bdiv($gcd);
- $x->{_d}->bdiv($gcd);
- }
- $x;
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # special values
-
- sub _bnan
- {
- # used by parent class bnan() to initialize number to NaN
- my $self = shift;
-
- if ($_trap_nan)
- {
- require Carp;
- my $class = ref($self);
- Carp::croak ("Tried to set $self to NaN in $class\::_bnan()");
- }
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->bzero();
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bzero();
- }
-
- sub _binf
- {
- # used by parent class bone() to initialize number to +inf/-inf
- my $self = shift;
-
- if ($_trap_inf)
- {
- require Carp;
- my $class = ref($self);
- Carp::croak ("Tried to set $self to inf in $class\::_binf()");
- }
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->bzero();
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bzero();
- }
-
- sub _bone
- {
- # used by parent class bone() to initialize number to +1/-1
- my $self = shift;
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->bone();
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- }
-
- sub _bzero
- {
- # used by parent class bzero() to initialize number to 0
- my $self = shift;
- $self->{_n} = $MBI->bzero();
- $self->{_d} = $MBI->bone();
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # mul/add/div etc
-
- sub badd
- {
- # add two rational numbers
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- $x = $self->new($x) unless $x->isa($self);
- $y = $self->new($y) unless $y->isa($self);
-
- return $x->bnan() if ($x->{sign} eq 'NaN' || $y->{sign} eq 'NaN');
- # TODO: inf handling
-
- # 1 1 gcd(3,4) = 1 1*3 + 1*4 7
- # - + - = --------- = --
- # 4 3 4*3 12
-
- # we do not compute the gcd() here, but simple do:
- # 5 7 5*3 + 7*4 41
- # - + - = --------- = --
- # 4 3 4*3 12
-
- # the gcd() calculation and reducing is then done in bnorm()
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
-
- $x->{_n}->bmul($y->{_d}); $x->{_n}->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- my $m = $y->{_n}->copy()->bmul($x->{_d});
- $m->{sign} = $y->{sign}; # 2/1 - 2/1
- $x->{_n}->badd($m);
-
- $x->{_d}->bmul($y->{_d});
-
- # calculate sign of result and norm our _n part
- $x->{sign} = $x->{_n}->{sign}; $x->{_n}->{sign} = '+';
-
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- sub bsub
- {
- # subtract two rational numbers
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- # flip sign of $x, call badd(), then flip sign of result
- $x->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/
- unless $x->{sign} eq '+' && $x->{_n}->is_zero(); # not -0
- $x->badd($y,@r); # does norm and round
- $x->{sign} =~ tr/+-/-+/
- unless $x->{sign} eq '+' && $x->{_n}->is_zero(); # not -0
- $x;
- }
-
- sub bmul
- {
- # multiply two rational numbers
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- $x = $self->new($x) unless $x->isa($self);
- $y = $self->new($y) unless $y->isa($self);
-
- return $x->bnan() if ($x->{sign} eq 'NaN' || $y->{sign} eq 'NaN');
-
- # inf handling
- if (($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/) || ($y->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/))
- {
- return $x->bnan() if $x->is_zero() || $y->is_zero();
- # result will always be +-inf:
- # +inf * +/+inf => +inf, -inf * -/-inf => +inf
- # +inf * -/-inf => -inf, -inf * +/+inf => -inf
- return $x->binf() if ($x->{sign} =~ /^\+/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^\+/);
- return $x->binf() if ($x->{sign} =~ /^-/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^-/);
- return $x->binf('-');
- }
-
- # x== 0 # also: or y == 1 or y == -1
- return wantarray ? ($x,$self->bzero()) : $x if $x->is_zero();
-
- # According to Knuth, this can be optimized by doingtwice gcd (for d and n)
- # and reducing in one step)
-
- # 1 1 2 1
- # - * - = - = -
- # 4 3 12 6
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $x->{_n}->bmul($y->{_n});
- $x->{_d}->bmul($y->{_d});
-
- # compute new sign
- $x->{sign} = $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} ? '+' : '-';
-
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- sub bdiv
- {
- # (dividend: BRAT or num_str, divisor: BRAT or num_str) return
- # (BRAT,BRAT) (quo,rem) or BRAT (only rem)
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- $x = $self->new($x) unless $x->isa($self);
- $y = $self->new($y) unless $y->isa($self);
-
- return $self->_div_inf($x,$y)
- if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || $y->is_zero());
-
- # x== 0 # also: or y == 1 or y == -1
- return wantarray ? ($x,$self->bzero()) : $x if $x->is_zero();
-
- # TODO: list context, upgrade
-
- # 1 1 1 3
- # - / - == - * -
- # 4 3 4 1
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $x->{_n}->bmul($y->{_d});
- $x->{_d}->bmul($y->{_n});
-
- # compute new sign
- $x->{sign} = $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} ? '+' : '-';
-
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- $x;
- }
-
- sub bmod
- {
- # compute "remainder" (in Perl way) of $x / $y
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- $x = $self->new($x) unless $x->isa($self);
- $y = $self->new($y) unless $y->isa($self);
-
- return $self->_div_inf($x,$y)
- if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || $y->is_zero());
-
- return $self->_div_inf($x,$y)
- if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || $y->is_zero());
-
- return $x if $x->is_zero(); # 0 / 7 = 0, mod 0
-
- # compute $x - $y * floor($x/$y), keeping the sign of $x
-
- # locally disable these, since they would interfere
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
-
- my $u = $x->copy()->babs();
- # first, do a "normal" division ($x/$y)
- $u->{_d}->bmul($y->{_n});
- $u->{_n}->bmul($y->{_d});
-
- # compute floor
- if (!$u->{_d}->is_one())
- {
- $u->{_n}->bdiv($u->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate
- # no need to set $u->{_d} to 1, since later we set it to $y->{_d}
- #$x->{_n}->binc() if $x->{sign} eq '-'; # -22/7 => -4/1
- }
-
- # compute $y * $u
- $u->{_d} = $y->{_d}; # 1 * $y->{_d}, see floor above
- $u->{_n}->bmul($y->{_n});
-
- my $xsign = $x->{sign}; $x->{sign} = '+'; # remember sign and make abs
- # compute $x - $u
- $x->bsub($u);
- $x->{sign} = $xsign; # put sign back
-
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # bdec/binc
-
- sub bdec
- {
- # decrement value (subtract 1)
- my ($self,$x,@r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),@_) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN, inf, -inf
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- if ($x->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- $x->{_n}->badd($x->{_d}); # -5/2 => -7/2
- }
- else
- {
- if ($x->{_n}->bacmp($x->{_d}) < 0)
- {
- # 1/3 -- => -2/3
- $x->{_n} = $x->{_d} - $x->{_n};
- $x->{sign} = '-';
- }
- else
- {
- $x->{_n}->bsub($x->{_d}); # 5/2 => 3/2
- }
- }
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- sub binc
- {
- # increment value (add 1)
- my ($self,$x,@r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),@_) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN, inf, -inf
-
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- if ($x->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- if ($x->{_n}->bacmp($x->{_d}) < 0)
- {
- # -1/3 ++ => 2/3 (overflow at 0)
- $x->{_n} = $x->{_d} - $x->{_n};
- $x->{sign} = '+';
- }
- else
- {
- $x->{_n}->bsub($x->{_d}); # -5/2 => -3/2
- }
- }
- else
- {
- $x->{_n}->badd($x->{_d}); # 5/2 => 7/2
- }
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # is_foo methods (the rest is inherited)
-
- sub is_int
- {
- # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is an integer
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return 1 if ($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/) && # NaN and +-inf aren't
- $x->{_d}->is_one(); # x/y && y != 1 => no integer
- 0;
- }
-
- sub is_zero
- {
- # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is zero
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return 1 if $x->{sign} eq '+' && $x->{_n}->is_zero();
- 0;
- }
-
- sub is_one
- {
- # return true if arg (BRAT or num_str) is +1 or -1 if signis given
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- my $sign = $_[2] || ''; $sign = '+' if $sign ne '-';
- return 1
- if ($x->{sign} eq $sign && $x->{_n}->is_one() && $x->{_d}->is_one());
- 0;
- }
-
- sub is_odd
- {
- # return true if arg (BFLOAT or num_str) is odd or false if even
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return 1 if ($x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/) && # NaN & +-inf aren't
- ($x->{_d}->is_one() && $x->{_n}->is_odd()); # x/2 is not, but 3/1
- 0;
- }
-
- sub is_even
- {
- # return true if arg (BINT or num_str) is even or false if odd
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return 0 if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN & +-inf aren't
- return 1 if ($x->{_d}->is_one() # x/3 is never
- && $x->{_n}->is_even()); # but 4/1 is
- 0;
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # parts() and friends
-
- sub numerator
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $MBI->new($x->{sign}) if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/);
-
- my $n = $x->{_n}->copy(); $n->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- $n;
- }
-
- sub denominator
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $MBI->new($x->{sign}) if ($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/);
- $x->{_d}->copy();
- }
-
- sub parts
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return ($self->bnan(),$self->bnan()) if $x->{sign} eq 'NaN';
- return ($self->binf(),$self->binf()) if $x->{sign} eq '+inf';
- return ($self->binf('-'),$self->binf()) if $x->{sign} eq '-inf';
-
- my $n = $x->{_n}->copy();
- $n->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- return ($n,$x->{_d}->copy());
- }
-
- sub length
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $nan unless $x->is_int();
- $x->{_n}->length(); # length(-123/1) => length(123)
- }
-
- sub digit
- {
- my ($self,$x,$n) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $nan unless $x->is_int();
- $x->{_n}->digit($n); # digit(-123/1,2) => digit(123,2)
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # special calc routines
-
- sub bceil
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x unless $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/;
- return $x if $x->{_d}->is_one(); # 22/1 => 22, 0/1 => 0
-
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $x->{_n}->bdiv($x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate
- $x->{_d}->bone();
- $x->{_n}->binc() if $x->{sign} eq '+'; # +22/7 => 4/1
- $x->{sign} = '+' if $x->{_n}->is_zero(); # -0 => 0
- $x;
- }
-
- sub bfloor
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x unless $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]$/;
- return $x if $x->{_d}->is_one(); # 22/1 => 22, 0/1 => 0
-
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- $x->{_n}->bdiv($x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3/1 w/ truncate
- $x->{_d}->bone();
- $x->{_n}->binc() if $x->{sign} eq '-'; # -22/7 => -4/1
- $x;
- }
-
- sub bfac
- {
- my ($self,$x,@r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),@_) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- # if $x is an integer
- if (($x->{sign} eq '+') && ($x->{_d}->is_one()))
- {
- $x->{_n}->bfac();
- return $x->round(@r);
- }
- $x->bnan();
- }
-
- sub bpow
- {
- # power ($x ** $y)
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- return $x if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/; # -inf/+inf ** x
- return $x->bnan() if $x->{sign} eq $nan || $y->{sign} eq $nan;
- return $x->bone(@r) if $y->is_zero();
- return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_one() || $y->is_one();
- if ($x->{sign} eq '-' && $x->{_n}->is_one() && $x->{_d}->is_one())
- {
- # if $x == -1 and odd/even y => +1/-1
- return $y->is_odd() ? $x->round(@r) : $x->babs()->round(@r);
- # my Casio FX-5500L has a bug here: -1 ** 2 is -1, but -1 * -1 is 1;
- }
- # 1 ** -y => 1 / (1 ** |y|)
- # so do test for negative $y after above's clause
- # return $x->bnan() if $y->{sign} eq '-';
- return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_zero(); # 0**y => 0 (if not y <= 0)
-
- # shortcut y/1 (and/or x/1)
- if ($y->{_d}->is_one())
- {
- # shortcut for x/1 and y/1
- if ($x->{_d}->is_one())
- {
- $x->{_n}->bpow($y->{_n}); # x/1 ** y/1 => (x ** y)/1
- if ($y->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- # 0.2 ** -3 => 1/(0.2 ** 3)
- ($x->{_n},$x->{_d}) = ($x->{_d},$x->{_n}); # swap
- }
- # correct sign; + ** + => +
- if ($x->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- # - * - => +, - * - * - => -
- $x->{sign} = '+' if $y->{_n}->is_even();
- }
- return $x->round(@r);
- }
- # x/z ** y/1
- $x->{_n}->bpow($y->{_n}); # 5/2 ** y/1 => 5 ** y / 2 ** y
- $x->{_d}->bpow($y->{_n});
- if ($y->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- # 0.2 ** -3 => 1/(0.2 ** 3)
- ($x->{_n},$x->{_d}) = ($x->{_d},$x->{_n}); # swap
- }
- # correct sign; + ** + => +
- if ($x->{sign} eq '-')
- {
- # - * - => +, - * - * - => -
- $x->{sign} = '+' if $y->{_n}->is_even();
- }
- return $x->round(@r);
- }
-
- # regular calculation (this is wrong for d/e ** f/g)
- my $pow2 = $self->__one();
- my $y1 = $MBI->new($y->{_n}/$y->{_d})->babs();
- my $two = $MBI->new(2);
- while (!$y1->is_one())
- {
- $pow2->bmul($x) if $y1->is_odd();
- $y1->bdiv($two);
- $x->bmul($x);
- }
- $x->bmul($pow2) unless $pow2->is_one();
- # n ** -x => 1/n ** x
- ($x->{_d},$x->{_n}) = ($x->{_n},$x->{_d}) if $y->{sign} eq '-';
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- sub blog
- {
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
-
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,$class,@_);
- }
-
- # blog(1,Y) => 0
- return $x->bzero() if $x->is_one() && $y->{sign} eq '+';
-
- # $x <= 0 => NaN
- return $x->bnan() if $x->is_zero() || $x->{sign} ne '+' || $y->{sign} ne '+';
-
- if ($x->is_int() && $y->is_int())
- {
- return $self->new($x->as_number()->blog($y->as_number(),@r));
- }
-
- # do it with floats
- $x->_new_from_float( $x->_as_float()->blog(Math::BigFloat->new("$y"),@r) );
- }
-
- sub _as_float
- {
- my $x = shift;
-
- local $Math::BigFloat::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::precision = undef;
- # 22/7 => 3.142857143..
- Math::BigFloat->new($x->{_n})->bdiv($x->{_d}, $x->accuracy());
- }
-
- sub broot
- {
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- if ($x->is_int() && $y->is_int())
- {
- return $self->new($x->as_number()->broot($y->as_number(),@r));
- }
-
- # do it with floats
- $x->_new_from_float( $x->_as_float()->broot($y,@r) );
- }
-
- sub bmodpow
- {
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,$m,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,$m,@r) = objectify(3,@_);
- }
-
- # $x or $y or $m are NaN or +-inf => NaN
- return $x->bnan()
- if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ ||
- $m->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/;
-
- if ($x->is_int() && $y->is_int() && $m->is_int())
- {
- return $self->new($x->as_number()->bmodpow($y->as_number(),$m,@r));
- }
-
- warn ("bmodpow() not fully implemented");
- $x->bnan();
- }
-
- sub bmodinv
- {
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y,@r) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- # $x or $y are NaN or +-inf => NaN
- return $x->bnan()
- if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/ || $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/;
-
- if ($x->is_int() && $y->is_int())
- {
- return $self->new($x->as_number()->bmodinv($y->as_number(),@r));
- }
-
- warn ("bmodinv() not fully implemented");
- $x->bnan();
- }
-
- sub bsqrt
- {
- my ($self,$x,@r) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),@_) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x->bnan() if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+]/; # NaN, -inf or < 0
- return $x if $x->{sign} eq '+inf'; # sqrt(inf) == inf
- return $x->round(@r) if $x->is_zero() || $x->is_one();
-
- local $Math::BigFloat::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::downgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::precision = undef;
- local $Math::BigFloat::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
-
- $x->{_d} = Math::BigFloat->new($x->{_d})->bsqrt();
- $x->{_n} = Math::BigFloat->new($x->{_n})->bsqrt();
-
- # if sqrt(D) was not integer
- if ($x->{_d}->{_es} ne '+')
- {
- $x->{_n}->blsft($x->{_d}->exponent()->babs(),10); # 7.1/4.51 => 7.1/45.1
- $x->{_d} = $MBI->new($CALC->_str($x->{_d}->{_m})); # 7.1/45.1 => 71/45.1
- }
- # if sqrt(N) was not integer
- if ($x->{_n}->{_es} ne '+')
- {
- $x->{_d}->blsft($x->{_n}->exponent()->babs(),10); # 71/45.1 => 710/45.1
- $x->{_n} = $MBI->new($CALC->_str($x->{_n}->{_m})); # 710/45.1 => 710/451
- }
-
- # convert parts to $MBI again
- $x->{_n} = $x->{_n}->as_number() unless $x->{_n}->isa($MBI);
- $x->{_d} = $x->{_d}->as_number() unless $x->{_d}->isa($MBI);
- $x->bnorm()->round(@r);
- }
-
- sub blsft
- {
- my ($self,$x,$y,$b,@r) = objectify(3,@_);
-
- $b = 2 unless defined $b;
- $b = $self->new($b) unless ref ($b);
- $x->bmul( $b->copy()->bpow($y), @r);
- $x;
- }
-
- sub brsft
- {
- my ($self,$x,$y,$b,@r) = objectify(2,@_);
-
- $b = 2 unless defined $b;
- $b = $self->new($b) unless ref ($b);
- $x->bdiv( $b->copy()->bpow($y), @r);
- $x;
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # round
-
- sub round
- {
- $_[0];
- }
-
- sub bround
- {
- $_[0];
- }
-
- sub bfround
- {
- $_[0];
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # comparing
-
- sub bcmp
- {
- # compare two signed numbers
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y) = objectify(2,@_);
- }
-
- if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/))
- {
- # handle +-inf and NaN
- return undef if (($x->{sign} eq $nan) || ($y->{sign} eq $nan));
- return 0 if $x->{sign} eq $y->{sign} && $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/;
- return +1 if $x->{sign} eq '+inf';
- return -1 if $x->{sign} eq '-inf';
- return -1 if $y->{sign} eq '+inf';
- return +1;
- }
- # check sign for speed first
- return 1 if $x->{sign} eq '+' && $y->{sign} eq '-'; # does also 0 <=> -y
- return -1 if $x->{sign} eq '-' && $y->{sign} eq '+'; # does also -x <=> 0
-
- # shortcut
- my $xz = $x->{_n}->is_zero();
- my $yz = $y->{_n}->is_zero();
- return 0 if $xz && $yz; # 0 <=> 0
- return -1 if $xz && $y->{sign} eq '+'; # 0 <=> +y
- return 1 if $yz && $x->{sign} eq '+'; # +x <=> 0
-
- my $t = $x->{_n} * $y->{_d}; $t->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- my $u = $y->{_n} * $x->{_d}; $u->{sign} = $y->{sign};
- $t->bcmp($u);
- }
-
- sub bacmp
- {
- # compare two numbers (as unsigned)
-
- # set up parameters
- my ($self,$x,$y) = (ref($_[0]),@_);
- # objectify is costly, so avoid it
- if ((!ref($_[0])) || (ref($_[0]) ne ref($_[1])))
- {
- ($self,$x,$y) = objectify(2,$class,@_);
- }
-
- if (($x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/) || ($y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/))
- {
- # handle +-inf and NaN
- return undef if (($x->{sign} eq $nan) || ($y->{sign} eq $nan));
- return 0 if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/ && $y->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/;
- return 1 if $x->{sign} =~ /^[+-]inf$/ && $y->{sign} !~ /^[+-]inf$/;
- return -1;
- }
-
- my $t = $x->{_n} * $y->{_d};
- my $u = $y->{_n} * $x->{_d};
- $t->bacmp($u);
- }
-
- ##############################################################################
- # output conversation
-
- sub numify
- {
- # convert 17/8 => float (aka 2.125)
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (ref($_[0]),$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x->bstr() if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # inf, NaN, etc
-
- # N/1 => N
- return $x->{_n}->numify() if $x->{_d}->is_one();
-
- # N/D
- my $neg = 1; $neg = -1 if $x->{sign} ne '+';
- $neg * $x->{_n}->numify() / $x->{_d}->numify(); # return sign * N/D
- }
-
- sub as_number
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x if $x->{sign} !~ /^[+-]$/; # NaN, inf etc
-
- # need to disable these, otherwise bdiv() gives BigRat again
- local $Math::BigInt::upgrade = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::accuracy = undef;
- local $Math::BigInt::precision = undef;
- my $t = $x->{_n}->copy()->bdiv($x->{_d}); # 22/7 => 3
- $t->{sign} = $x->{sign};
- $t;
- }
-
- sub as_bin
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x unless $x->is_int();
-
- my $s = $x->{sign}; $s = '' if $s eq '+';
- $s . $x->{_n}->as_bin();
- }
-
- sub as_hex
- {
- my ($self,$x) = ref($_[0]) ? (undef,$_[0]) : objectify(1,@_);
-
- return $x unless $x->is_int();
-
- my $s = $x->{sign}; $s = '' if $s eq '+';
- $s . $x->{_n}->as_hex();
- }
-
- sub import
- {
- my $self = shift;
- my $l = scalar @_;
- my $lib = ''; my @a;
- $IMPORT++;
-
- for ( my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++)
- {
- # print "at $_[$i] (",$_[$i+1]||'undef',")\n";
- if ( $_[$i] eq ':constant' )
- {
- # this rest causes overlord er load to step in
- # print "overload @_\n";
- overload::constant float => sub { $self->new(shift); };
- }
- # elsif ($_[$i] eq 'upgrade')
- # {
- # # this causes upgrading
- # $upgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable
- # $i++;
- # }
- elsif ($_[$i] eq 'downgrade')
- {
- # this causes downgrading
- $downgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable
- $i++;
- }
- elsif ($_[$i] eq 'lib')
- {
- $lib = $_[$i+1] || ''; # default Calc
- $i++;
- }
- elsif ($_[$i] eq 'with')
- {
- $MBI = $_[$i+1] || 'Math::BigInt'; # default Math::BigInt
- $i++;
- }
- else
- {
- push @a, $_[$i];
- }
- }
- # let use Math::BigInt lib => 'GMP'; use Math::BigRat; still work
- my $mbilib = eval { Math::BigInt->config()->{lib} };
- if ((defined $mbilib) && ($MBI eq 'Math::BigInt'))
- {
- # MBI already loaded
- $MBI->import('lib',"$lib,$mbilib", 'objectify');
- }
- else
- {
- # MBI not loaded, or not with "Math::BigInt"
- $lib .= ",$mbilib" if defined $mbilib;
-
- if ($] < 5.006)
- {
- # Perl < 5.6.0 dies with "out of memory!" when eval() and ':constant' is
- # used in the same script, or eval inside import().
- my @parts = split /::/, $MBI; # Math::BigInt => Math BigInt
- my $file = pop @parts; $file .= '.pm'; # BigInt => BigInt.pm
- $file = File::Spec->catfile (@parts, $file);
- eval { require $file; $MBI->import( lib => '$lib', 'objectify' ); }
- }
- else
- {
- my $rc = "use $MBI lib => '$lib', 'objectify';";
- eval $rc;
- }
- }
- if ($@)
- {
- require Carp; Carp::croak ("Couldn't load $MBI: $! $@");
- }
-
- $CALC = Math::BigFloat->config()->{lib};
-
- # any non :constant stuff is handled by our parent, Exporter
- # even if @_ is empty, to give it a chance
- $self->SUPER::import(@a); # for subclasses
- $self->export_to_level(1,$self,@a); # need this, too
- }
-
- 1;
-
- __END__
-
- =head1 NAME
-
- Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
-
- =head1 SYNOPSIS
-
- use Math::BigRat;
-
- my $x = Math::BigRat->new('3/7'); $x += '5/9';
-
- print $x->bstr(),"\n";
- print $x ** 2,"\n";
-
- my $y = Math::BigRat->new('inf');
- print "$y ", ($y->is_inf ? 'is' : 'is not') , " infinity\n";
-
- my $z = Math::BigRat->new(144); $z->bsqrt();
-
- =head1 DESCRIPTION
-
- Math::BigRat complements Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat by providing support
- for arbitrarily big rational numbers.
-
- =head2 MATH LIBRARY
-
- Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called
- Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying:
-
- use Math::BigRat lib => 'Calc';
-
- You can change this by using:
-
- use Math::BigRat lib => 'BitVect';
-
- The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then
- Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc:
-
- use Math::BigRat lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar';
-
- Calc.pm uses as internal format an array of elements of some decimal base
- (usually 1e7, but this might be different for some systems) with the least
- significant digit first, while BitVect.pm uses a bit vector of base 2, most
- significant bit first. Other modules might use even different means of
- representing the numbers. See the respective module documentation for further
- details.
-
- Currently the following replacement libraries exist, search for them at CPAN:
-
- Math::BigInt::BitVect
- Math::BigInt::GMP
- Math::BigInt::Pari
- Math::BigInt::FastCalc
-
- =head1 METHODS
-
- Any methods not listed here are dervied from Math::BigFloat (or
- Math::BigInt), so make sure you check these two modules for further
- information.
-
- =head2 new()
-
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3');
-
- Create a new Math::BigRat object. Input can come in various forms:
-
- $x = Math::BigRat->new(123); # scalars
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('inf'); # infinity
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('123.3'); # float
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('1/3'); # simple string
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 3'); # spaced
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('1 / 0.1'); # w/ floats
- $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt->new(3)); # BigInt
- $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigFloat->new('3.1')); # BigFloat
- $x = Math::BigRat->new(Math::BigInt::Lite->new('2')); # BigLite
-
- =head2 numerator()
-
- $n = $x->numerator();
-
- Returns a copy of the numerator (the part above the line) as signed BigInt.
-
- =head2 denominator()
-
- $d = $x->denominator();
-
- Returns a copy of the denominator (the part under the line) as positive BigInt.
-
- =head2 parts()
-
- ($n,$d) = $x->parts();
-
- Return a list consisting of (signed) numerator and (unsigned) denominator as
- BigInts.
-
- =head2 as_number()
-
- $x = Math::BigRat->new('13/7');
- print $x->as_number(),"\n"; # '1'
-
- Returns a copy of the object as BigInt trunced it to integer.
-
- =head2 bfac()
-
- $x->bfac();
-
- Calculates the factorial of $x. For instance:
-
- print Math::BigRat->new('3/1')->bfac(),"\n"; # 1*2*3
- print Math::BigRat->new('5/1')->bfac(),"\n"; # 1*2*3*4*5
-
- Works currently only for integers.
-
- =head2 blog()
-
- Is not yet implemented.
-
- =head2 bround()/round()/bfround()
-
- Are not yet implemented.
-
- =head2 bmod()
-
- use Math::BigRat;
- my $x = Math::BigRat->new('7/4');
- my $y = Math::BigRat->new('4/3');
- print $x->bmod($y);
-
- Set $x to the remainder of the division of $x by $y.
-
- =head2 is_one()
-
- print "$x is 1\n" if $x->is_one();
-
- Return true if $x is exactly one, otherwise false.
-
- =head2 is_zero()
-
- print "$x is 0\n" if $x->is_zero();
-
- Return true if $x is exactly zero, otherwise false.
-
- =head2 is_positive()
-
- print "$x is >= 0\n" if $x->is_positive();
-
- Return true if $x is positive (greater than or equal to zero), otherwise
- false. Please note that '+inf' is also positive, while 'NaN' and '-inf' aren't.
-
- =head2 is_negative()
-
- print "$x is < 0\n" if $x->is_negative();
-
- Return true if $x is negative (smaller than zero), otherwise false. Please
- note that '-inf' is also negative, while 'NaN' and '+inf' aren't.
-
- =head2 is_int()
-
- print "$x is an integer\n" if $x->is_int();
-
- Return true if $x has a denominator of 1 (e.g. no fraction parts), otherwise
- false. Please note that '-inf', 'inf' and 'NaN' aren't integer.
-
- =head2 is_odd()
-
- print "$x is odd\n" if $x->is_odd();
-
- Return true if $x is odd, otherwise false.
-
- =head2 is_even()
-
- print "$x is even\n" if $x->is_even();
-
- Return true if $x is even, otherwise false.
-
- =head2 bceil()
-
- $x->bceil();
-
- Set $x to the next bigger integer value (e.g. truncate the number to integer
- and then increment it by one).
-
- =head2 bfloor()
-
- $x->bfloor();
-
- Truncate $x to an integer value.
-
- =head2 bsqrt()
-
- $x->bsqrt();
-
- Calculate the square root of $x.
-
- =head2 config
-
- use Data::Dumper;
-
- print Dumper ( Math::BigRat->config() );
- print Math::BigRat->config()->{lib},"\n";
-
- Returns a hash containing the configuration, e.g. the version number, lib
- loaded etc. The following hash keys are currently filled in with the
- appropriate information.
-
- key RO/RW Description
- Example
- ============================================================
- lib RO Name of the Math library
- Math::BigInt::Calc
- lib_version RO Version of 'lib'
- 0.30
- class RO The class of config you just called
- Math::BigRat
- version RO version number of the class you used
- 0.10
- upgrade RW To which class numbers are upgraded
- undef
- downgrade RW To which class numbers are downgraded
- undef
- precision RW Global precision
- undef
- accuracy RW Global accuracy
- undef
- round_mode RW Global round mode
- even
- div_scale RW Fallback acccuracy for div
- 40
- trap_nan RW Trap creation of NaN (undef = no)
- undef
- trap_inf RW Trap creation of +inf/-inf (undef = no)
- undef
-
- By passing a reference to a hash you may set the configuration values. This
- works only for values that a marked with a C<RW> above, anything else is
- read-only.
-
- =head1 BUGS
-
- Some things are not yet implemented, or only implemented half-way:
-
- =over 2
-
- =item inf handling (partial)
-
- =item NaN handling (partial)
-
- =item rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor)
-
- =item $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
-
- =item bmod(), blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
-
- =back
-
- =head1 LICENSE
-
- This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under
- the same terms as Perl itself.
-
- =head1 SEE ALSO
-
- L<Math::BigFloat> and L<Math::Big> as well as L<Math::BigInt::BitVect>,
- L<Math::BigInt::Pari> and L<Math::BigInt::GMP>.
-
- See L<http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=bignum> for a way to use
- Math::BigRat.
-
- The package at L<http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=Math%3A%3ABigRat>
- may contain more documentation and examples as well as testcases.
-
- =head1 AUTHORS
-
- (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004.
-
- =cut
-