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Part One: Welcome to LANtastic 1
Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Features of LANtastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
About This Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Typeface and Command Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Chapter 2. Planning Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Planning Your Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Installation Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Planning your Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Individual and Wildcard Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
ACL Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Getting Started with Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Questions for Setting Up User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Shared Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Questions for Setting Up Shared Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Understanding Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Working with ACL Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 3. Software Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Installing Your Network Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Quick Software Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Custom Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Choices on the INSTALL Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Running LANtastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Chapter 4. More InstallationTopics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Installing a New LANtastic Version Over a Previous One . . . . . . . . 29
Existing Accounts and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Easiest Upgrade Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Starting Up the Network without STARTNET.BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Running other LANtastic Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Using Switch Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Part Two: Setting Up Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter 5. Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Creating an Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Placement Order of Wildcard Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Placing an Account in an ACL Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Setting Privileges for an Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Disabling a User Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Setting an Account Expiration Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Setting a Password Expiration Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Setting Time-of-Day Log-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Editing an Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Creating an ACL Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Copying and Pasting Accounts and ACL Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Using Remote Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Sample Accounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NET User Account Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Checking Your Account Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Changing Your Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Disabling Your Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 6. Shared Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Creating Shared Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Creating a Shared Disk or Directory Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Setting Access Control Lists for Drive Resources . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Setting File-Level Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Creating a Shared Printer Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Printer Resource Options in the
Detailed Information Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Serial Printer Resource Options in the
Detailed Information Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Using the Printer Setup String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Using Setup and Cleanup Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Setting Up Global Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Creating a Global Drive Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Creating a Global Printer Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Creating a Mail Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Creating Keyboard and Screen Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Creating a Spooled Keyboard Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Creating a Shared Non-DOS Drive Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
CD-ROM Drive Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
NetWare Drive Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
OS/2 HPFS Drive Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
WORM Drive Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Copying Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Sample Parallel Printer Resource Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Example 1 - Condensed Printing Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Example 2 - Postscript Printer Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Sample Serial Printer Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Chapter 7. Configuring Server Software Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Setting the Server Startup Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Fields on the Server Startup Parameters Display . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Sample Server Startup Parameter Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Server with Two Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Server with Ten Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Server with 32 Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 8. Using Control Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Creating a New Control Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Changing Network Control Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Changing Control Directories Using the LAN_DIR
Environment Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Changing Control Directories from the
Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Deleting a Network Control Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Backing Up a Network Control Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Restoring a Network Control Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Requiring a Password for a Control Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Changing a Control Directory Password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Disabling a Control Directory Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Part Three: Daily Use of LANtastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Chapter 9. Server Monitoring and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Setting Up a Secure Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Requiring Network Users to
Change Their Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Organizing Your Server's Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Monitoring and Controlling Your Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Advantages of Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Auditing Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Setting Up an Audit Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Viewing the Audit Trail File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Fields in the Audit Trail Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Saving the Audit Trail to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Clearing the Audit Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Monitoring a Server Using NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Controlling a Remote Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Controlling a Remote Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Using a Spooled Keyboard Resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Using the NET Screen Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Using a Third-Party Text Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Sending an Existing Batch File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Logging a User Out of a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Disabling User Log-Ins to a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Remotely Shutting Down a Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Cancelling a Server Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
UPS Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Supported UPS Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Using LANtastic UPS Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Chapter 10. Using Network Disk Drives and Printers. . . . . . . . . .121
Using Existing Drive Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Making a New Drive Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Removing a Drive Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Using Existing Printer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Making a New Printer Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Logging In to a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Logging Out of a Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Making Network Connections with LANPUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Controlling Items in the Print Queue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Sending a Print Job to a Server's Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Creating a Print Item Using the Default Text Editor. . . . . . . . . .130
Using a Different Text Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Using Multiple Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Controlling Multiple Printers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Controlling Logical Printer Streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Placement Order of Printer Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Controlling Print Jobs from the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Stopping Despooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Reenabling Despooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Printing Banner Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Redirecting Printer Output to Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Using a Server's Printer Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Moving the Print Spool Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Clearing the Spool Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Immediate Despooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Chapter 11. Using E-Mail and Chat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Opening a Server's Mail Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Creating and Sending a New Text Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
Recording and Sending a New Voice Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Sending an Existing Text or Voice File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Reading a Text Mail Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Listening to a Voice Mail Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Copying a Message to a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Printing a Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Forwarding a Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
Deleting a Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
Using Text Chat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Using Voice Chat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Chapter 12. Using LANPUP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Loading and Starting Up LANPUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Logging In and Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Making and Canceling Drive Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
Controlling the Printer and Mail Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Creating and Sending an E-mail Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Sending a Pop-Up Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Reading E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Part Four: Performance, Compatibility and
Advanced Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Chapter 13. Running LANcache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163
LANcache Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
Running LANcache with DOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
Running LANcache with Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
Shutting Down LANcache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166
Available Options while Running LANcache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166
Using the Delayed Writing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
Caching Multiple Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
Reducing the Conventional Memory Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Chapter 14. Remote Booting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
Remote Booting with LANtastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
Setting Up Remote Booting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Installing the ROM Chips on Network Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Preparing Your Boot Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Creating a Bootable Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170
Setting the Server Startup Parameters for Remote Booting . . . . . . .173
Booting Up Diskless Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Setting Up Custom Boot Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Unlinking Floppy Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Sample Batch Files for Diskless Workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Upgrading to a New Version of LANtastic Using the
Old Style Boot Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178
Upgrading to the New Find/Found Remote Boot Method . . . . . . . . . .179
Chapter 15. Improving Network Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Benchmark Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Variables for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
How to Prepare Your Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Performance Adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Default Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Adjustment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
Disk Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
Disk Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
LANcache Performance Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Server Startup Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Network Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Network Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Request Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Run Burst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Seek Cache Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Cached Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Lock Hold Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
REDIR Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
SIZE= Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
BUFFERS= Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Print Spooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Immediate Despooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Printer Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Printer Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Characters per Second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Computer-Specific Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
Performance Switch Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
ALONE Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Audit Trails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Network Cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
I ACL Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Chapter 16. Using LANtastic with Microsoft Windows. . . . . . . . . .195
General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Installing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Configuring Windows for Use with LANtastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Excluding the Memory Address for RAM or ROM Chips. . . . . . . . . . .197
SYSTEM.INI File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198
Network Print Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Print Settings for Servers Running Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
Chapter 17. Advanced Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Remote Despooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Running RPD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
The ALONE Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Running ALONE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Rebooting Your Server while ALONE Is Running . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Physical Access ACL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Running LANtastic in an OS/2 Virtual DOS Machine . . . . . . . . . . .209
Using Artisoft's IPX Routable NETBIOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Indirect Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
Multiple Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
NETBIOS Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Server Startup Parameter Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Logging In through Specific Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Using Chat and Voice Chat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
The NBSETUP Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
Chapter 18. Troubleshooting and Technical Support . . . . . . . . . .219
General Strategies for Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Troubleshooting Common Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
Other Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
Running LANCHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
Using the LANCHECK Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Using the Adapter Status Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
Using the Traffic and Error Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Using the Adapter Resource Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
Checking Other Network Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Printing or Copying LANCHECK Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Calling Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
Writing and Faxing Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Arti-Facts Electronic Bulletin Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Arti-Facts BBS Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
CompuServe Electronic Bulletin Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Artisoft FaxFacts Facsimile Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Calling Sales and Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Part Five: Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
Appendix A. LANtastic Commands and Switches245
Text Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Valid Switch Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Using Switch Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
Sample Switch Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278
Performance Switch File Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
SRVPERF.SWI Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
WSPERF.SWI Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
Appendix B. LANtastic Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
Testing for Errors in Batch Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Voice Error Messaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
Recording Voice Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
Deleting a Voice Error Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
Appendix C. DOS and Application Program Considerations. . . . . . . .307
DOS SHARE Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
How SHARE Works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
The /F Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
The /L Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
DOS SETVER Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
Copy-Protected Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
Single-User Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
Read-Only Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310
Hardware-Specific Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Disk-Specific Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Network Versions of Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313