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Module 1: Introduction to Entomology
R. Hart, 20 Mar 1992 (by permission)
Edited from Principles of Entomology by E.L. Matheny, Jr., and D.R. Minnick, 1981, Entomological Society of America.
The scientific study of insects:
entomology
morphology
biological control
pest management
physiology
Biological sciences are divided into:
disciplines
areas of specialization
morphology
physiology
ecology
genetics
The study of shape and form (a sort of functional anatomy:
morphology
ecology
genetics
taxonomy
physiology
The study of body functions or how parts of the body work:
physiology
morphology
ecology
genetics
taxonomy
The study of the interrelationships between insects and their environment:
ecology
morphology
biological control
genetics
taxonomy
The study of heritable traits and their mode of transmission from one generation to another:
genetics
morphology
physiology
ecology
taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms:
taxonomy
systematics
biological control
pest management
ecology
morphology
The current method for grouping organisms for classification and identification:
hierarchical system of classification
each higher category encompasses all the lower categories
random system of classification
Carl Linnaeus
exclusive grouping
consists of seven categories only
Taxonomic categories are ranked from high to low as:
Kingdom, Class, Family, species
Phylum, Order, Genus
species, Family, Class, Kingdom
Genus, Order, Phylum
Phylum, Kingdom, Order, Class, Genus, Family, species
species, Family, Genus, Class, Order, Kingdom, Phylum
The basic unit of classification of living things is the:
species
Kingdom
Genus
Class
Family
Closely related species are grouped together in the next higher category:
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Related genera make up a(n):
Family
species
Order
Class
Phylum
Related families are grouped into a(n):
Order
species
Class
Pylum
Genus
Related orders make up a(n):
Class
species
Genus
Family
Phylum
Related classes make up a(n):
Phylum
Order
Genus
species
Family
The largest class in the animal kingdom:
Insecta
Hexapoda
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Crustacea
The largest phylum in the animal kingdom:
Arthropoda
Chordata
Protozoa
Annelida
Coelenterata
The scientific name of an organism consists of:
two words
the genus and the species
The international system of naming insects is called the:
binomial system of classification
A correct example of a scientific name is:
(Musca domestica)
Musca domestica
Musca Domestica
(musca domistica)
Musca-domestica
The ( ) states that the earliest published name for a species is given priority.
Law of Priority
If a more recent scientific name has been in use for more than ( ) years, the more recent name may be adopted for the species.
50
10
25
30
100
A taxonomic category:
taxon
phyum
class
order
family
New taxonomic groups are formed by adding the prefix(es) ( ) to the original taxon.
super- and sub-
super-
sub-
-idae
All family names in the animal kingdom end in the suffix:
-idae
-oidea
-inae
super-
sub-
Superfamily names end in the suffix:
-oidea
-idae
-inae
super-
sup-
Subfamily names have the ending:
-inae
-idae
-oidea
sub-
super-
The entire system of classification most often used expands the basic seven categories to ( ) by addition of super- and/or sub-groupings.
sixteen
16
14
21
The phylum ( ) greatly exceeds all other phyla in the number of identified species.
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
All arthopods have ( ) bodies.
segmented
unsegmented
All arthropods have ( ) skeletons.
external
exo-
internal
Arthropods have jointed appendages.
true
false
Arthropods have ( ) symmetry.
bilateral
radial
A type of body organization that can be divided into two equal halves by a single mid-saggital line:
bilateral symmetry
saggital symmetry
radial symmetry
bisaggital symmetry
All arthropods have a ( ) positioned nerve cord and a ( ) blood vessal.
ventrally, dorsal
dorsally, ventral
dorsally, dorsal
ventrally, ventral
Generally, there are ( ) recognized classes of arthropods.
five
5
3
4
6
The principal characters which may be used to differentiate classes of arthropods are:
the numbers of body regions, legs, and antennae
the numbers of legs and antennae and the body symmetry
the type of skeleton and the body symmetry
type of metamorphsis and number of stages
the numbers of legs, wings, and antennae
The generally recognized classes of arthropods:
Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Crustacea, Insecta
Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes
Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, Chlorophyta, Bryophyta, Tracheophyta
Porifera, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida
Spiders, mites, ticks and scorpions are in the class:
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Centipedes are in the class:
Chilopoda
Arachnida
Diplopoda
Crustaeca
Insecta
Millipedes are in the class:
Diplopodoa
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Shrimp, crab, lobster, water fleas and pillbugs are in the class:
Crustacea
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Insecta
Arthopods with two body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen), four pair of legs and no antennae are in the class:
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Arthropods with a head, one pair of antennae, and a segmented trunk having one pair of legs per segment are in the class:
Chilopoda
Arachnida
Diplopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Arthropods with a head, one pair of antennae, and a segmented trunk with two pair of legs on each segment are in the class:
Diplopoda
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Arthropods with two body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen), two pair of antennae, and five pair of legs are in the class:
Crustacea
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Insecta
Arthropods with three body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), one pair of antennae, and three pair of legs are in the class:
Insecta
Hexapoda
Crustacea
Chilopoda
Diplopoda
Arachnida
Two important criteria to help separate insects into orders are:
the type of mouthparts and wings
body regions and the type of mouthparts
the type of legs and wings
life stages and body regions
the type of legs and breathing structures
Although insects have a high adaptive ability, they have not been successful in living in:
oceans
mountain tops
deserts
hot springs
polar regions
The only class of invertebrate animal to have wings:
Insecta
Hexapoda
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pterygota
Apterygota