home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The World of Computer Software
/
World_Of_Computer_Software-02-387-Vol-3of3.iso
/
c
/
cc-srvyr.zip
/
CC.EXE
/
CC-COGO.TXT
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1990-12-13
|
155KB
|
3,499 lines
APRIL 1, 1990
Revised January 1, 1991
CC-COGO
Version 1
Copyright 1987-1991
by
Richard Wadsworth, CIVILcomp
320 Eureka Canyon Road
Watsonville, CA 95076
No part of this software or manual may be copied
without permission, except for installation of
the software on the registered user's hard disk,
or for distribution with the shareware version,
or copies made for backup purposes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
I. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . 4
II. CC-COGO MENUS AND DIALOG BOXES . . . . . . . . . 5
III. SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST "WYSIWYG". . 6
IV. USING CC-COGO
A. Quick setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
B. Your First Traverse . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
C. Your First Radial Topo . . . . . . . . . . 11
V. DATA ENTRY
A. Error Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B. Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
C. The Mini Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
D. Horizontal Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
E. Zenith Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
F. Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
G. Point Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
H. Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
I. Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
VI. FILES
A. File Types, Filenames, Storage Location . . 17
B. CIVILcomp COGO (.CCC) File . . . . . . . . 18
C. Layer Assignment (.LAY) File . . . . . . . 19
D. Import/Export (.CCX) File . . . . . . . . . 20
VII. COMMAND REFERENCE
A. FILE Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
B. EDIT Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
C. COGO Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
D. ROAD/LOT Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
E. TOPO Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
F. UTILITY Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
G. MODULES Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
H. SETTINGS Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
VIII.ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
IX. UPGRADE HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
X. REGISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
DISCLAIMER, CREDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
INDEX
CC-COGO Page 2
INTRODUCTION
When the CC-SURVeyor project was started in 1987, the initial
goal was to provide a fair amount of power within a user-
friendly environment, for those just converting to COGO on the
PC compatible computer. The environment included a screen
layout that would show menu choices and command prompts while
allowing as many of your previous calcs to remain readable as
possible. A quick screen plot of points and lines was provided
to help catch mistakes and provide visual orientation to the
project.
It was not anticipated that users would be abandoning much more
powerful software like PxxxSOFT, WxxxSOFT, and CxxxxSOFT. The
size of projects that CC-SURVeyor is being used for has grown to
the point that CC-SURVeyor had to grow. For example, screen
plotting gets to be very slow and cumbersome when 2000 points
are in the file. And reading point numbers gets difficult when
topo data, found corners, and final computed boundary points lie
very close to each other. A layer management system had to be
developed to cope with this.
Also, the (expensive)SOFT users, while preferring the interface
of CC-SURVeyor, missed the advanced features like user-defined
output precision and azimuth output.
At the same time, another type of user interface was becoming
standardized for the PC, using the mouse, pull-down menus, and
dialog boxes. This interface is almost necessary for convenient
use of the layering system and configuration options.
So, in March of 1989 we began developing a new interface that
would allow CC-SURVeyor to take full advantage of DOS memory,
the mouse, and the enhanced keyboard, and allow future growth
and enhancements. The first product to use this interface was
CC-PLOT. Thus was born the "modular" concept of CC-SURVeyor 4.
Three major parts of CC-SURVeyor 3.x were moved out into
separate modules: printer plotting (with pen plotting added) to
the CC-PLOT module, traverse balancing (with batch mode map
check added) to the CC-BALance module, and contour interpolation
(with contour lines added) to the CC-CONTour module. These
three functions were separated for several reasons: more memory
was needed in each module, those functions are logically used as
stand-alone programs in many cases, and many users may not want
or need every module.
I sincerely hope you find this system to be everything I hoped
it would be during its development, and will appreciate any
comments or suggestions that you have for its improvement.
Rich Wadsworth, CIVILcomp
CC-COGO Page 3
I. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION
CC-COGO requires a hard disk, 640K RAM, DOS 2.11 or later, and
EGA or VGA graphics. 530K free RAM is required after DOS and
any RAM-resident software is loaded, to use CC-COGO's full data
capacity. See the "Capacity" section of this manual for a more
complete discussion of capacity and memory requirements.
Screen plotting is faster with a math coprocessor, which CC-COGO
will automatically use if present. A math coprocessor is NOT
required, however.
The mouse is supported for manipulation of the menu and dialog
box system, but is not required. Mouse support will require
that a mouse driver (usually MOUSE.COM or MOUSE.SYS) be loaded
before running CC-COGO.
The following files are furnished on the CC-COGO diskette:
README.CGO Information that may not be included in the
printed manual. To read it, use the DOS
"type" command, or print it by typing
"copy a:readme.cgo prn" <Enter>
with the diskette in the A drive.
COGO.EXE The CC-COGO program file.
To install CC-COGO, simply copy COGO.EXE from the diskette to
the hard disk subdirectory of your choice, make that
subdirectory current, and type COGO <Enter> to start it.
CC-COGO will sense the graphics card, and will use the highest
graphics resolution possible, which is 640x350 for EGA and
640x480 for VGA. However, if you wish to force CC-COGO to
assume that an EGA or VGA card is present, start the program
using the /E or /V parameter; i.e. type COGO /E and press
<Enter> for EGA.
There are two configuration files used by CC-COGO: PLOT.INI
created by CC-PLOT, and COGO.INI created by CC-COGO. The first
stores the default layer names and linetypes and the second
stores the default file paths, output precision and toggles
settings. The settings available are described in more detail
in the SETTINGS submenu section of this manual.
NOTE: Neither .INI file is suplied on the diskette. COGO.INI
will be created the first time CC-COGO is run. PLOT.INI will
only be used if it is present, to use layer names and linetypes
that have been changed in CC-PLOT, and therefore will only be
present if you have CC-PLOT.
CC-COGO Page 4
II. CC-COGO MENUS AND DIALOG BOXES
CC-COGO uses the type of pull-down menus that are becoming the
industry standard, and are similar to "Windows" applications and
the new OS/2 PM interface. To remove all pull-down menus from
the screen, press <Esc> until the menu bar is all that remains
of it. Then, you will see right below it a 17 line calculation
window with a space for the current open file name at the top
center. Below the window is the prompt area, where command
prompts will appear. It should say "Select Function" at this
time. At the very bottom of the screen is a message bar that
occasionally has messages at the left end. These messages may
be an error message (red with a beep), or may be a message
telling what a particular function key will do at the time. At
the right end of the message bar is the status of the "toggles"
(displayed is the first letter of each toggle that is "on"), the
current command or function being executed ("mode"), the current
occupied point (in the color of the layer it is assigned to) and
the name of the current layer.
The arrow keys may be used to move from one submenu to another.
If no submenu is pulled down, the first letter of the submenu
will pull it down. Once a submenu is pulled down, the letter
keys move the bar to the command within that submenu that has an
uppercase letter matching the key entered. <Enter> will execute
whatever command is highlighted by the moving bar. <Esc> will
remove the current submenu and activate the menu bar so another
submenu may be picked; for example, <Esc><F> will back up and
pull down the FILE submenu, then <Esc><E> will back up and pull
down the EDIT submenu, and so forth.
A mouse will also work with the menu system. Button one is used
for picking menu items. One click on a command will start the
routine. A button may be pressed down and held down while the
menu is swept through, and when it is released, the last command
highlighted is executed. Clicking button one outside a menu box
is equivalent to pressing <Esc>. Button two is equivalent to
the <Enter> key.
Many of the commands cannot be used until a .CCC file has been
opened. These commands will not be accessible with the arrow
keys or the mouse. Their names are shown in a lighter color on
the pull-down menus until they are accessible.
Dialog boxes are menus that allow several items to be toggled
on/off, edited, or otherwise picked, while the box stays on the
screen. Examples are the "Layer display" box and the "reName
layers" box. To "pick" an item in a dialog box, you must click
on it with the mouse, or put the bar on it with the arrow keys
and press <Enter>. In some cases you must <Esc> when you are
done (a prompt will tell you), and in other cases one of the
selections is <OK>, which you may select with the mouse or arrow
keys.
CC-COGO Page 5
III. SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST "WYSIWYG"
Screen plotting is used to graphically review the data. "View
plot" in the EDIT submenu can be used to screen plot. To screen
plot during data entry, or while choosing items from a dialog
box, use <F10>.
There are two types of layers in CC-COGO. The first is called
"point attribute", the second is "user-named" layers.
The "point attribute" layers refer to "attributes" associated
with points, such as cross, point number, elevation,
description, or line/curve. Some of these "attribute" layers
may be on or off, which controls what attributes will plot.
Note that elevations and descriptions do not screen plot at this
time . The "attribute" layers screen plot in the color of the
"user-named" layer they are assigned to.
The "user-named" layers allow you to separate your points into
logical groups, for better management of data. The default
layer names are CONTROL, TOPO, BOUNDARY, BUILDING, STREET,
EASEMENT, and UTILITY. You may define different layer names for
each file if you wish, using the "reName layers" routine in the
SETTINGS submenu. Use the "Change layer" routine in the
SETTINGS submenu to assign groups of points to different layers.
For example, use point numbers 100-199 for the boundary data,
200-299 for topo data, etc., then assign 100-199 to the first
layer, 200-299 to the second layer, etc. To turn layers on/off,
use "Layer display" in the SETTINGS submenu. Each "user-named"
layer screen plots in a different color. The "current" layer
controls what layer new points are placed on. For example, if
the second user-named layer is current when you run "Traverse",
the points will be placed on that layer.
Lines and curves are automatically placed on the layers that the
points were assigned to. If the layer assignments of points are
later changed, the lines also change to the new layer. The line
or curve will always be on the same layer as the beginning point
of the line or the BC of the curve.
Linetypes may be changed for each of the user-named layers. The
"linetYpe" routine in the SETTINGS submenu accomplishes that.
The default linetype is "continuous". The available linetypes
are further explained elsewhere in this manual.
If you wish to change the default layer names and linetypes for
all future files, you must use CC-PLOT to save a new PLOT.INI
file after using the routines in CC-PLOT's SETTINGS submenu to
create the configuration you want.
Note that there are 7 user-named layers. There are 16 colors
available to the EGA: black, seven low intensity, seven high
intensity, and grey. CC-COGO uses the seven low intensity
colors for the lines/curves on the seven user-named layers. The
seven corresponding high-intensity colors are used for the point
crosses and point numbers. For example, the first layer
(default name: CONTROL) is color 1, which is blue. Points and
point crosses on this layer will screen plot in high intensity
blue, and lines/curves will screen plot in low intensity blue.
Layer 2 data (default name: TOPO) will plot in high intensity
CC-COGO Page 6
and low intensity green, and so forth. The default layer colors
are shown in the "Layer display" dialog box. The sequence of
colors cannot be changed, although the order of the layer names
can be.
WYSIWYG means "What You See Is What You Get", and is commonly
used in describing word processors and desktop publishing
programs that show graphics previews of what printed output will
look like. Of course, CAD is by definition WYSIWYG. CC-COGO is
not, however, a CAD program, but does attempt to use WYSIWYG
principles. Keep in mind the following exceptions to the
WYSIWYG rule:
Screen plotting is intended to be fairly fast, and displays
point numbers and crosses to help you identify the points
you display. Elevations and descriptions do not screen
plot at this time.
Linetypes are "schematic" and may not be proportioned the
same on different plotters, or when comparing the screen
plot with plotter output. The pattern is what is
important, to help distinguish between different lines on
hard copy plots. Also, curves do not screen plot with
other than a continuous linetype at this time.
CC-COGO Page 7
IV. USING CC-COGO
A. Quick Setup
Enter "COGO" to start the program. CC-COGO can be
configured while it is running, which allows changing the
configuration without having to quit and start over.
Use the arrow keys to get to the SETTINGS submenu, or type
<Esc><S>, or pick SETTINGS with your mouse.
If your CC-SURVeyor files are not in the current directory,
but are in \CC-SURV\FILES, pick "set file Path" and enter
"\CC-SURV\FILES". You could also enter "a:" or any drive
or pathname. You could load a file from \CC-SURV\FILES,
then change the path to A: and save the file to the A
drive.
If you use CC-CAD and want your .CCX files to be stored in
the \ACAD subdirectory, you may wish to set your
"import/export path" to "\ACAD". Or, if you upload/
download data collector files to your \COOP41 subdirectory
(for example), you might rather set your "import/export
path" to "\COOP41".
The output precision may be changed if you wish. The
default precision for angles in the printed output is to
the nearest second. The precision for distances is to the
nearest thousandths (3 decimals). If you wish to change
them, you may now do so. Use the "Angle prec" and/or
"Distance prec" routines in the SETTINGS submenu.
There are several settings that are referred to as
"toggles": "Azimuth" (printed output displays angles in
north azimuth rather than quadrant and bearing),
"Description" (causes prompt for a point description
whenever a new point is created), "Lines" (draws a line
from point to point as they are created), "Printer" (echos
screen output to your printer), and "Zenith" (causes prompt
for zenith angle and slope distance during course input).
These toggles are further explained under the "SETTINGS
Submenu" section. A check mark next to one indicates it is
"on", otherwise it is off. You may set any of them now if
you wish. The rest of the tutorials assume that you will
set the Description toggle on.
Now view your configuration using the "View/save settings"
routine, and if it looks right, press "y" or <Enter> to
save it. You won't have to do this again, even in future
sessions, unless you change something.
Now decide if you want to add something to an existing .CCC
file, or start a new job. If you want to add to an
existing file, go to the FILE submenu and open the desired
.CCC file ("open" means "load"). To try a quick tutorial
of the "Traverse" and "Inverse" routines, continue to the
next section.
CC-COGO Page 8
B. Short-Cut to your first Traverse
Since this is your first traverse, you don't have a .CCC
file to load, so go directly to the COGO submenu and select
"Traverse". You will always be prompted for a starting
point number. The current occupied point will appear in
the prompt as a default, once you have created any points
in a CC-COGO session. Note that if no points have been
created or occupied, the occupied point in the message bar
is "0". Since there is no default point number in the
prompt, enter 1. CC-SURVeyor knows that point 1 doesn't
yet exist, so will next ask for a northing and an easting
coordinate. Enter 1000 and 1000. Had you picked a point
number that already existed in memory, CC-COGO would have
skipped those prompts. If the Description Toggle is on,
you will also be prompted for a description for the point.
Enter one if that is the case. The starting point is
created and printed in the calc window. If the Printer
Toggle is on, it will also be printed on your printer.
Now you will be prompted for an angle code. Press <F1> to
see the allowable angle codes. Different routines allow
different angle codes, and pressing <F1> (see the message
bar) at the angle code prompt will show which are
available. Press any key to remove the Help screen and
enter 1 for northeast. Then enter 45.3015 at the angle
prompt. This means 45 degrees, 30 minutes, 15 seconds.
Enter a distance of 100.50, then a description if prompted
for one. Note that the last description entered appears as
a default for the new point. Finally, you will be prompted
for the point number for the new point. Note that the
default is the next consecutive blank point, in this case
"2". Press <Enter> to accept it, or enter another number
if you wish. Try entering 1, and you will get an overwrite
error message, which will allow you to overwrite the
previous point 1 with the new one if you wish, or will take
you back to the new point number prompt. After entering
the new point number, the course and new point data will
print in the calc window, and printer if toggled on. The
occupied point in the message bar will be updated to the
new point, and CC-COGO will return to the angle code prompt
for the next course.
Let's try a curve next. Enter a "-" angle code. Note that
the prompt is now for the delta. Enter 32.30, which is a
curve to the right. A negative delta would be a curve to
the left. Next enter a radius of 200. Pick the default
numbers for the radius point and accept the description of
the EC. Choose the default for the EC point number. The
curve data and new points will be printed in the calc
window, and you will return to the angle code prompt, with
the last angle code entered as a default.
This time, let's continue on the current bearing, whatever
it is, by entering an angle code of 0. CC-COGO keeps track
of the current bearing, even through curves, so you can
enter compound or reverse curves without having to
constantly enter the tangent bearing. (Of course, to
traverse a non-tangent curve you must first traverse the
tangent bearing with a zero distance.) Note that CC-COGO
CC-COGO Page 9
automatically entered the angle code and bearing of the
tangent out of the curve ("1" and "78.0015"), in the prompt
area, and now prompts for a distance. Enter 150, a
description if prompted for, and a new point number.
You could continue traversing until you used up all of
CC-COGO's point storage capacity, but let's quit this
routine by pressing <Esc>. Start the "Inverse" routine
from the COGO submenu. Note that the starting point number
for this routine is now the same as the last point created,
which is also the current occupied point. Press <Enter> to
accept, then enter 4 (or whatever you assigned to the EC).
The course is calculated and printed in the calc window,
and should be exactly backwards from the course originally
traversed. Now let's inverse the curve. Enter a negative
radius point number, which would be -3 if you followed the
above directions. The prompt now is for the EC point
number (since you are going through the curve backwards,
the BC you created is the EC to this routine), which is 2,
so enter it. Note that the curve data is again printed,
and also the radial bearing of the BC. Finally, enter 1 as
the last point to inverse, and you will be back where you
started.
Just for fun, enter 99 as another point to inverse to, and
note the beep and error message in the message bar. This
is the typical way that CC-COGO reminds you of input
errors.
Now press <F10> to see a screen plot of your traverse. If
the Lines toggle was on, the points will be connected with
lines/curves. Press <Esc> to leave the screen plot and
<Esc> to return to SELECT mode.
Go to the FILE submenu and press S to save a file
containing the five points you just created, naming it
"TEST". You will be able to quit CC-COGO completely and
later start it up, open the "TEST" file, and continue where
you left off.
CC-COGO Page 10
C. Short-Cut to your first Radial Topo
The "Radial Topo" routine may be used to reduce notes from
total station output or EDM output, which provides zenith
angle and slope distance. The "Zenith" toggle is another
toggle, like the Description toggle, that affects various
routines in CC-COGO. Its purpose in "Radial Topo" is to
distinguish between EDM or total station output. If the
Zenith Toggle is on, you will be prompted for zenith angle
and slope distance; if off, you will be prompted for delta
elevation and horizontal distance. If on, a "Z" is shown
in the "Toggles:" area of the message bar at the bottom of
the screen. Be sure it is off now, using the "Toggles"
choice in the SETTINGS submenu if necessary.
A common way of collecting radial topo data is to set the
prism height at the same value as the height of instrument
above the setup point. That way, the delta elevation value
needs only to be added or subtracted from the setup point
elevation to obtain the elevation of the point being shot.
Occasionally, however, the prism height (also called rod
reading in the CC-COGO manual and prompts) must be changed
from one shot to the next because of obstacles in the line
of sight. This problem will show how that is handled.
The Field Notes
---------------
Instrument at 10, BS 11 HI = 5.20 Elev unknown
Compass bearing = N 30o 15'E
Pt Angle Rt Delta El Delta Hor Rod Desc
---- -------- -------- --------- ---- -------------
71 191o 10' +0.52 121.54 5.20 TB
72 219o 35' -1.68 127.65 5.20 EP
etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 97o 32' +4.19 416.01 12.50 GR
96 83o 50' +3.53 417.52 12.50 GR
97 70o 32' +2.55 448.13 12.50 GR
Go to the TOPO Submenu and start "Radial Topo". The
instrument was set up on point 10, so enter 10 for the
setup point. If you were using an existing file with
points 10 and 11 in it, you would not have to enter the
coordinates, but you are starting fresh, so enter the
northing and easting coordinates of 1000, 1000 and a
description of SETUP. Notice that your survey crew didn't
know the elevation of the setup point, so you will have to
assume an elevation at this time to reduce the notes.
Enter an elevation of 100.00. The instrument height is
5.20 feet, so enter 5.20 at the prompt. Enter a backsight
angle code of 1 (northeast) and angle of 30.15. The setup
data is printed, and you are ready to enter the point data.
Start with the data for point 71. Notice that the angle
code prompt has a default value of the last angle code
used. Your crew used angles right, so enter 7. Enter
191.10 at the angle prompt, .52 at the delta elevation
prompt, and 121.54 at the horizontal distance prompt.
Press <Enter> at the rod prompt to accept the default
CC-COGO Page 11
instrument height, which your crew used for prism height
where possible. Enter TB for the description, noting that
you must delete the extra characters left from the last
description. Enter 71 for the new point number. The new
point data is printed.
The routine starts again, asking for data for the next
point. You may continue to enter data from the field
notes, but keep a few things in mind:
1. You may start pressing <Enter> when prompted for the
next point number, when they are sequential.
2. The last three points (95 and after) were on the other
side of a 10 foot hedge so your crew raised the prism.
At point 95, the height of prism (or rod) changed to
"12.50", so be sure to enter that instead of pressing
<Enter>. For following points, the default will then
be 12.50, and you can again press <Enter> to accept
that for the last three points.
3. After point 95, all the point descriptions are "GR",
so you may press <Enter> to accept the default instead
of continuing to type in "GR".
4. If you make a mistake entering data for a point, and
create the new point before noticing, just re-enter
the data for the point, AND ENTER THE CORRECT POINT
NUMBER RATHER THAT ACCEPTING THE DEFAULT. When you
enter the point number, you will get a message that
says "OVERWRITE EXISTING POINT?". Press <Enter> to
continue.
5. Press <Esc> when done to return to SELECT mode.
While you have been reducing the field notes, your crew ran
a level loop from a bench mark through point 10, your setup
point, and has just come in and told you that point 10 has
an elevation 102.80. Don't worry, you will next use a
routine to correct the elevations.
Elevation Boot
--------------
Start the "Elev Boot" routine. You do not have to boot the
elevations of the whole file, because then other point with
zero elevation would have bogus elevations. You want to
boot point 10, and points 71 through 97. Enter 10 for the
first point in the range and press <Enter> to accept (10)
for the last point. You assumed elevation 100.00 for point
10 and want it to be 102.80, so you want to boot the
elevation 2.80 feet. Enter 2.80 for the boot. The point
prints out with the new elevation value.
Repeat the process, entering 71 for the first point and 97
for the last point, and 2.80 for the boot. Points 71
through 97 print out with new elevation values. Note that
our example did not enter the field notes for points 73
through 94, so they did not print.
You may save this file if you wish, naming it "TEST2", so
you can come back to it and experiment later.
CC-COGO Page 12
V. DATA ENTRY
A. Error Checking
Depending on the data being entered, some keyboard
characters will not be accepted for data. For example,
when entering a filename, characters that are not
acceptable to DOS cannot be entered. Or, when numeric data
is expected, alpha characters will not be accepted. In
some cases, data must be entered, a blank field is not
acceptable. If you cannot enter valid data, you must <Esc>
out of the routine.
B. Default Values
When there is a logical default value for data, it will
already be placed in the highlighted field. To choose it,
press <Enter>. To clear it and replace it with a new
value, enter the new value. To start "edit mode", press an
arrow key or <Home> or <End>, and read about the mini
editor below.
C. The Mini Editor
The highlighted data entry field is a mini editor. <Alt-C>
will clear the value out of the field. <Alt-R> will
restore the original value in the field, if you have erased
it or edited it beyond repair. The left and right arrow
keys will move the cursor back and forth within the field.
<Home> and <End> will move to the first and last position.
The <Insert> key will toggle back and forth between
overtype mode (the default) and insert mode. <BackSpace>
will erase to the left. <Delete> will erase the current
position.
D. Horizontal Angles
Angle codes may be shown while an angle code prompt is on
the screen by pressing <F1>, and are:
(-) = next angle will be curve data
(1) = quadrant North East, or North Azimuth
(2) = quadrant South East
(3) = quadrant South West
(4) = quadrant North West
(5) = recall a bearing from two points
(6) = angle left
(7) = angle right
(8) = deflection left
(9) = deflection right
(0) = current bearing
Not all angle codes are available for every routine; use
<F1> to see which are, at any angle code prompt.
CC-COGO Page 13
When entering curve data, entering a (-) angle code results
in a prompt for the delta. A positive angle is a curve to
the right, while a negative angle is a curve to the left.
The curve will be tangent to the last course traversed to
get to the current occupied point. (FOR NON-TANGENT CURVES
YOU MUST FIRST TRAVERSE ON THE TANGENT BEARING WITH A ZERO
DISTANCE.) You will be prompted for point #'s for the
radius point and EC. After traversing the curve, the
"current" bearing will be tangent from the EC, if you wish
to traverse another curve in a series of compound or
reverse curves.
An angle code of (5), recall bearing, will result in a
prompt for two point numbers, which when entered will
result in a calculated quadrant and bearing being used.
Angle codes of (6) through (9) are self-explanatory, with
the backsight bearing being the opposite of the "current
bearing". For example, if you have just traversed
N 45o 00' E, the backsight bearing is S 45o 00' W, and an
angle right of 20o will traverse S 65o 00' W.
The angle code (0) will use the "current" bearing, which is
the bearing that was last traversed or inversed to get to
the current occupied point. The status of the current
bearing varies after other COGO routines, and is explained
with the instructions for the various routines, in the
"COMMAND REFERENCE" part of this manual.
Angles are entered/displayed with a decimal point
separating the degrees and minutes. For example,
25o 30' 15.5" is entered as "25.30155" or displayed as
"25.3016" or "25.30155" depending on the "Angle prec"
setting in the SETTINGS submenu. Angles are calculated to
.01 second precision.
E. Zenith Angles
The zenith angle prompt is available (optionally) within
the Traverse, Sideshot, and Radial Topo routines. Use the
"Toggles" "Zenith" setting in the SETTINGS submenu to turn
the option on or off. If it is on, the user will be
prompted for the zenith angle before the distance prompt,
which will then be for slope distance rather than
horizontal distance. The horizontal distance will be
calculated and printed with the other course information.
Zenith angle is measured from vertical, and may be from 0
to 360 degrees. If the user's instrument is a transit that
measures angle from horizontal, it must be converted to
zenith angle before entry.
The Zenith toggle is used within the Stadia routine to
distinguish between zenith angle prompt and vertical angle
prompt, depending on whether a theodolite or transit was
used.
CC-COGO Page 14
The Zenith toggle is used within the Radial Topo routine to
distinguish between EDM topo (which uses zenith angle and
slope distance) and total station topo (which uses delta
elevation and horizontal distance). The proper prompts are
given to the user depending on the Zenith toggle.
To simplify using the routines when the Zenith Toggle is on
and several horizontal distances are to be entered, the
default zenith angle is 90o (horizontal), which allows the
user to simply press <Enter> before entering the distance.
F. Distances
Distances are saved in memory in full 15 place floating
point precision. They may be entered as large as
99,999.9999 feet. If a larger number is entered, strange
displays and printouts will result, with the "%" character
included. The printed output may have a user-selected
precision, as determined by the "Distance prec" routine in
the SETTINGS submenu.
G. Point Numbers
CC-COGO can store up to 4000 points, depending on your
computer's use of memory, with point numbers ranging from 1
to 4000. See the "Capacity" routine in the FILE submenu to
determine the point capacity of your machine, which depends
on the amount of available memory.
In many routines, the next available point number is
presented as a default, so it may be chosen by pressing
<Enter>. To quickly clear a default point number so
another may be entered, just begin entering another number.
Consecutive point numbering is sometimes available at a
"Point #" prompt by pressing "+". The next point number is
chosen, unless it is over 4000, in which case an error
message is shown. Unless there would be an overwrite
problem, the next consecutive point number is also
presented in the prompt as a default.
Overwrite protection is always on. Whenever an existing
point number is chosen for a new point, the user is given
the chance to overwrite the old coordinate pair or choose
another point number. Overwriting an existing point does
NOT change the elevation or description of that point
unless they too are revised or edited.
CC-COGO Page 15
H. Coordinates
Any points saved with North and East coordinates of "0" are
lost. If you insist on assigning a point number with the
coordinates of "0,0" I suggest you use "0.001, 0.001" or
some similar trick. CC-COGO's overwrite protection method
assumes that points with coordinates of "0,0" are
unassigned.
Coordinate pairs are saved in memory in full 15 place
floating point precision. They are saved to disk with 8
decimal places.
Coordinates may have values as large as 9,999,999.9999.
I. Descriptions
If you wish to have a prompt for descriptions of new points
within many routines, set the Description toggle on by
using the "Toggles" routine in the SETTINGS submenu. Some
routines that create curves will automatically assign
descriptions of "BC, "RP", etc. if this toggle is on.
Descriptions may be up to 12 characters. Neither spaces
nor commas are allowed. Try using a combination of upper
case and lower case letters to separate words, like LotCor
or FLCreek. Do not ever use the double quote or inch
symbol (") as the first character of a description.
The descriptions are saved with the coordinates in the .CCC
file, and are printed out by any routine that prints
points. They are also output into an Export file.
CC-COGO Page 16
VI. FILES
A. File Types, Filenames, and Storage Location
There are several types of files that users of CC-SURVeyor
should become familiar with. The most important of these
is the .CCC file (the filename extension is ".CCC"), which
stands for "Civil Comp COGO". This file is the standard
file for storage of point numbers, coordinates, elevations,
descriptions, and (if the user chooses) lines and curves,
and is used by all the Modules (CC-COGO, CC-BALance,
CC-CONTour, and CC-PLOT). These files may be located in
any drive or subdirectory, and will be accessible to CC-
COGO according to its configuration, or if the "set file
Path" command has been properly used. The .CCC file may be
edited and saved by CC-COGO.
Another file that is created by CC-COGO is the layer file,
with a filename extension of ".LAY". This file stores the
user-named layer names, the linetypes of layers, and the
layer assignments of points within the .CCC file. This
file is created or updated at the time a .CCC file is saved
from CC-COGO, CC-BALance, or CC-PLOT. It will be saved to
the same drive or subdirectory as the .CCC file.
Another file that is created by CC-COGO is the import/
export file, which has a default filename extension of
".CCX". This file stores point numbers, coordinates,
elevations and descriptions in a format that is common to
many other cogo programs and data collectors, and is a
means of communicating with them. It does NOT store lines
or curves, and is NOT accessible from the other CC-SURVeyor
4 modules, so should only be used for temporary transfer to
or from the other mentioned software.
CC-COGO Page 17
B. CIVIL COMP COGO (.CCC) File
CIVILcomp coordinate files have the file name extension
".CCC" (Civil Comp COGO). This is the default file type
that stores all points, coordinates, elevations,
descriptions, and lines and curves. "Open ccc file" in the
FILE submenu loads it into memory. .CCC files are saved in
ASCII format. The first line in a file created by
CC-SURVeyor 4 is "4,0,0". Following lines have one point
number and coordinate pair per line, with eight decimal
places, in point number sequence. The line following
coordinates is "0 0 0". If elevations and/or descriptions
are present, they follow. To reduce file size, only points
with an elevation or description are listed in the second
group. A zero in either the second or third position
indicates no elevation, or no description, respectively,
for the point number in the first position of each line.
Following the lines that store elevations and descriptions
is the line "0 -1 0" followed by codes identifying lines
that have been created. Lines are created sequentially
according to the point numbers listed, with "-1" indicating
a break in the line, and ending with "-999".
The last section of the file consists of stored curves, one
curve per line, with BC, RP, and EC point numbers listed.
Sample File (portion): Comments:
4,0,0 (CC-SURVeyor 4 header)
1 1000.00000000 1000.00000000 (pt #, N coor, E coor)
2 1216.14183000 874.37074000 (ditto)
4 1276.44387000 978.11881000 (ditto)
0 0 0 (elev and desc next)
1 100.200 CorSub (elev=100.2, desc=CorSub)
2 101.200 0 (no description)
4 0.000 EC (no elevation)
0 -1 0 (lines next)
1 (line from 1
2 to 2)
-1 (end of line)
3 (line from 3
4 to 4)
-1 (end of line)
-999 (curves next)
26 27 28 (BC, RP, and EC)
21 20 19 (ditto)
Editing a .CCC file is fairly simple. Examine one with the
DOS "Type" command or with your text editor. Use your word
processor in unformatted or ASCII mode if you need to edit
the file.
CC-COGO Page 18
C. Layer Assignment (.LAY) File
A file with the same name as the .CCC file, but with an
extension of ".LAY" is created when the .CCC file is
created, that stores the layer names, linetypes, and
point/layer assignments. CC-COGO allows the "View plot"
command to selectively screen plot data, if the "Layer
display" command has been used to turn layers on or off.
The first two lines of the .LAY file contain the linetype
numbers for the NET layer and the CONTOUR layer. The next
seven lines consist of the user-named layer names and their
linetype numbers. Linetypes and their numbers (used
internally by CC-COGO, CC-BALance and CC-PLOT) are defined
more completely in the "linetYpes" section of this manual,
under "SETTINGS Submenu". The first user-named layer is
considered to be layer "1", the second one is layer "2",
and so forth. This numbering becomes meaningful when the
rest of the file is examined. The lines following the
names identify a point range and the layer number they are
assigned to. For example, the line "1 , 99 , 5" means that
points 1 through 99 are assigned to user-named layer 5.
Sample File (portion): Comments:
NET, 6 (Net layer is linetype 6)
CONTOUR, 2 (Contours are linetype 2)
CONTROL , 1 (first user-named layer is
"CONTROL" and is linetype 1)
TOPO , 1 (second user-named layer is "TOPO"
and is linetype 1)
BOUNDARY , 1 (third user-named layer etc.)
EASEMENT , 1 (etc.)
STREET , 1 (etc.)
BUILDING , 1 (etc.)
UTILITY , 1 (seventh user-named layer is
"UTILITY" and is linetype 1)
1 , 99 , 1 (points 1 through 99 are on layer
1 "CONTROL")
100, 199, 2 (points 100 through 199 are on
layer 2 "TOPO")
Note that their are no "blank" lines in the file; those
shown above are caused by the long "comments".
It isn't a good idea to edit the .LAY file with your text
editor, it is better to use the "reName layers",
"linetYpes" and "Change layer" routines in CC-COGO and
CC-BALance.
CC-COGO Page 19
D. Import/Export (.CCX) File
Coordinates, elevations, and descriptions may be imported
into or exported from CC-COGO in a format that permits
communication with other COGO programs and data collectors.
The user may use any file name extension except ".CCC", (or
none), and it is strongly suggested that ".CCX" is used, to
avoid confusion.
This format is comma-delimited, with five fields. The
first four fields must be numeric. The description can be
any string of keyboard characters, except for spaces or
commas, or a beginning quote ("), or if there is no
description it may be blank. This is known as "Wild Volume
C", or "HP Volume C", or "MTI". Note that the original
spec for this format allows spaces within the description,
by placing quotes (") on each side of the description to
force it to be read as one string. CC-COGO will not
properly store descriptions with spaces, so be warned that
if your input file has spaces in the description field,
CC-COGO will replace them with decimals. The exported file
will not have quotes around the description.
Supported COGO programs:
COGOWARE
DCA (use Super Surveyor option)
MTI
Lewis and Lewis
HP Volume C
Supported data collectors:
Abacus
CoOp-41
Geodimeter
Nikon DR-2
Super Surveyor
Topcon FC-4
LIMITATIONS FOR IMPORT/EXPORT FILES
-----------------------------------
1. Largest point number: 4000
2. Largest coordinate: 9,999,999.9999
3. Highest elevation: 9,999.9999
4. Coordinates of "-999999" in an import file will result
in no point being created with the respective point
number within CC-COGO. This only affects imported
data collector files, which many times dump unused
point numbers with "-999999" as a coordinate, so the
COGO program can screen them out.
5. Elevations of "-999999" in an import file will be
transferred as "0.000" into CC-COGO, which will treat
it as "no elevation". Points with no elevations in
CC-COGO will export a file with "-999999" in the
elevation field of those points.
6. Maximum length of description: 12 characters.
7. No embedded spaces or commas within a description.
8. Descriptions may not begin with a quote (").
CC-COGO Page 20
Sample File:
(Point # 101 has northing, easting, elev, and desc;
point # 105 has northing, easting, no elev, no desc;
point # 107 has northing, easting, no elev, has desc)
101,1000.00000000,1000.00000000,105.333,POB
105,1216.14183000,874.37074000,-999999,
107,1246.29285000,926.24478000,-999999,SETUP
Note that there are always four commas in each line,
whether a description is present or not. Note also that
points 102, 103, 104, and 106 are not required to have a
line in the file if those points do not exist.
SEND COPIES OF THIS SECTION TO THE VENDOR OF YOUR DESIRED
DATA COLLECTOR TO VERIFY COMPATIBILITY.
CC-COGO Page 21
VII. COMMAND REFERENCE
A. FILE Submenu
Open ccc file:
This routine will load a previously created
.CCC file from disk into memory. A .LAY file by the same
name will also be loaded if present. All points created
before running this routine will be lost and a warning
message to that effect is given if any points exist in
memory at the time. The program will be reset as if it had
just been loaded. Existing .CCC files are presented in a
dialog box. If you have more files than will fit in the
vertical listing, you can scroll down the box with arrow
keys, or by using your mouse on the scroll bar on the right
side of the box.
A load is truncated if a point number in the file is larger
than 4000 (or the point capacity of your machine - see
"Capacity" below). Truncated loads do not include
elevations, descriptions, lines or curves.
Save ccc file:
This routine will save a .CCC file and a
.LAY file at the same time. It should be used regularly
during editing. If you decide to rename your file when you
save it, a new .LAY file will be created also.
Merge ccc file:
This routine will load a previously
created .CCC file from disk into memory. All points
previously existing in memory at the time will remain,
except for point numbers duplicated by the incoming file,
which will overwrite the existing ones. No overwrite
protection takes place except for a warning message, so use
caution when executing this command. This is useful for
bringing in a group of points from another file.
Points in the incoming file will be assigned to layers, but
the layer names of the existing file will be maintained.
As with the "Open .." routine above, loading of the
incoming file is truncated when a point number higher than
the capacity of your machine is found in the file.
set ccc Path:
This routine may be used to configure
CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or
subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or
save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory
than the previously configured one. The path chosen with
this routine affects .CCC and .LAY files.
To make the new path permanent, go to the SETTINGS submenu
and use "View/save settings".
CC-COGO Page 22
Import file:
Coordinates, elevations, and descriptions may
be imported from other COGO programs or data collectors
that use the "HP Volume C" format, by using this routine.
See the File Types section of this manual for details of
the format. Once a file has been imported with this
routine, the points may be manipulated just as if a .CCC
file had been loaded, and the points may be saved in any
other file type within the FILE submenu. The points will
be merged with any existing points in memory.
Before using this routine to merge new points into memory,
a backup of the existing CCC file should be saved, as an
unpredictable error in file format may cause CC-COGO to
crash; for example, you may accidentally try to import an
untranslated data collector file. CC-COGO does check for
the following errors in file format:
Points numbered greater then 4000 (or the capacity of
your machine) are skipped.
Long descriptions are truncated to 12 characters.
Export file:
This routine will create a file containing
point numbers, coordinates, elevations, and descriptions
that may be read by other COGO programs or data collectors
that use the "HP Volume C" format. See the File Types
section of this manual for details of the format. If the
"All points" option is chosen, the file will have data for
all points in memory at the time. If the "Layers on"
option is used, only points on user-named layers that are
currently "on" will be sent. If the "Range of pts" option
is chosen, you may export a range of points, such as 100-
200. Note that you are allowed to revise the file name
extension in this routine. You may not use the ".CCC"
extension for this file. For transfer to and from data
collectors, use the extension required by the particular
data collector. Data collectors based on the HP71B require
an alpha character for the first character in the file
name. For transfer to another COGO program, use the file
name extension required by the other COGO program. For
transfer to CC-CAD, use ".CCX", the default.
import/export Path:
This routine may be used to configure
CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or
subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or
save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory
than the previously configured one. The path chosen with
this routine only affects imported or exported files.
To make the new path permanent, go to the SETTINGS submenu
and use "View/save".
CC-COGO Page 23
DOS command:
This routine temporarily "shells" to DOS,
where the user may execute DOS commands like DIR, COPY or
TYPE. CC-COGO HAS NOT QUIT!! Type "exit" to return to
CC-COGO. None of the data entered into CC-COGO is lost.
NOTE: It has been documented that a bug in versions of DOS
prior to version 3.0 causes problems when this command is
used, so use it at your own risk unless you have DOS 3.0 or
later. Also, if you change directories while using "DOS
command", be sure to change back to the correct directory
before returning to CC-COGO.
Reset program:
Use this to initialize the program as if it
had just been started without loading a file. Note: all
data in memory will be lost, so be sure to save any desired
files first!
Capacity:
Use this to determine your maximum file size
based on the free RAM in your machine. CC-COGO will keep
enough free RAM available so you may use the "DOS command"
routine, and will allow the remainder to be used for point
storage. If you are using a lot of RAM-resident software
(TSR's), and/or have many drivers in your CONFIG.SYS file,
you may be limited to less than 4000 points. CC-GOGO does
not require any drivers in your CONFIG.SYS file, and will
run if you boot off your system floppy. The only driver
you may wish to use would be your mouse driver. To find
out how much free RAM you have, use the DOS CHKDSK command.
CC-COGO requires 44 bytes for each point that is stored, so
if you are running a RAM-resident program that uses 8800
bytes (for example), you may lose 200 points capacity in
CC-COGO.
Quit:
Use this to quit CC-COGO. You will see a "QUITTING,
ARE YOU SURE?" message. Press "Y" to quit, or "N" or <Esc>
to return to CC-COGO.
CC-COGO Page 24
B. EDIT Submenu
View plot:
Use this routine to preview your current data.
You may zoom up or down using the <PgUp> or <PgDn> keys and
you may pan using the arrow keys. Zoom "all" by pressing
<Home>. Press <Esc> or <Spacebar> to exit.
Display of data is controlled by turning layers on/off.
See the Section "SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST
"WYSIWYG"" for a comprehensive discussion of this function.
This routine accomplishes the same thing whether it is
accessed from the pull-down menu, or with the <F10> key.
You may jump directly to the "Draw lines" or "Erase lines"
routine by pressing the "D" or "E" key from inside this
routine.
Draw lines:
This routine draws lines or curves between
existing points. The first prompt is for a point number at
the beginning of a line, the next prompt is for the end of
the line. After entering the end of the line, that point
automatically becomes the beginning of the next line, so
the user only has to continue to enter the next point to
draw a line through a series of points. Entering a
negative radius point number at the "To Point:" prompt will
result in a prompt for the EC, so a curve may be drawn.
The "+" key may be used for the next point number if the
points are sequential. The end of the line or curve
becomes the currently occupied point.
To use the numeric keypad for point number entry, <NumLock>
must be on. To zoom and pan using the keys described under
"View plot", you must either use the separate keypad on an
enhanced keyboard, or temporarily turn <NumLock> off.
You may jump to the "Erase lines" routine directly, by
pressing the "E" key from inside this routine. Press "D"
to return to "Draw lines".
Erase lines:
This routine works identically to the "Draw
lines" routine, but deletes lines and curves rather than
drawing them.
edit/enter Points:
This routine will let you enter or edit
the coordinates and/or elevation and/or description of a
point. The point will become the currently occupied point.
To make it more convenient to edit data without having to
reenter unchanging data, the default (existing) data is
shown within the prompt. To accept that data, press
<Enter>.
New points entered will be assigned to the current layer.
CC-COGO Page 25
Delete points:
This routine is used to delete a group of
points that were either temporary in nature or represented
an erroneous group of calculations. The prompts are self-
explanatory. Does not affect disk files until the file is
saved.
reNumber points:
If you wish to duplicate a group of
points with different point numbers so that, for example,
they may be placed on another layer without losing the
original points, this is the routine to use. The option to
"move" points rather than simply "copy" is given by a
prompt to delete old points if you wish. Lines and curves
move to the new point numbers. Does not affect disk files
until the file is saved.
Rotate/translate points:
This routine will rotate a
selected group of points through a selected angle, around a
selected "axis". The axis and another reference point must
be chosen. The angle may be an angle right or left, or a
recalled bearing, or an entered bearing. Angle codes 1
through 7 are available. The user will be prompted for a
point # to translate the axis point to, and he may enter a
point number (same as axis is no translation), or a non-
existing point number, which will prompt for coordinates.
The non-existing point number will not be created, but the
axis point will be moved to the entered coordinates, and
all points within the selected group will be moved
accordingly. Following is a prompt for a scale factor. A
scale factor of "1" results in no adjustment, while a scale
factor of "1.0001" will lengthen the distance between
coordinates by a ratio of 1 in 10,000. Finally, the range
of points to be rotated/trainslated is prompted for.
After completing the rotation/translation the user will
have an opportunity to enter another range of points to
rotate, using the same criteria as the previous group. In
this way, many groups of points within a file may be
adjusted without affecting other points within the file.
list Avail points:
This routine lists points that are
available for creation; that is, those that do not yet have
coordinates. You are prompted for the first and last point
to be listed. Use <Ctl-NumLock> or <Pause> to temporarily
halt scrolling. Use the "Toggles" "Printer" routine in the
SETTINGS submenu to cause points to list on your printer.
list Used points:
This routine lists existing points on
your screen, and on your printer if the "printer toggle" is
on. You may list by range of point numbers, by description
(or portion therof), or by layer. Your first prompt will
be for the first point or option (Description or Layer).
Entering a point number will result in a prompt for the
last point to be listed, and the listing will take place.
CC-COGO Page 26
Entering "D" will result in a prompt for a description
search criteria. Press <F1> for help with the search
syntax. After entering the search criteria, all matching
points will be listed.
Entering "L" will result in a list box of layer names to
choose from. After picking one, all points on that layer
will be listed.
To turn the printer toggle on, use the "Toggles" routine in
the SETTINGS Submenu, or press <Alt-P>.
When the printer toggle is off, the screen listing will
pause with each full screen, but when it is on it is
assumed that you want a continuous dump and will not pause.
CC-COGO Page 27
C. COGO Submenu: This submenu is divided into four sections.
The first is for traversing/inversing along a series of
courses. The second section is for radial traversing/
inversing, without moving the occupied point. The third is
for creating curves, and the fourth performs various types
of intersections.
Traverse:
When starting the traverse routine you are
prompted for a starting point number, with the default
being the current occupied point. A different point number
entered results in the entered point becoming the occupied
point. If the point hasn't yet been created, you will then
have the opportunity to enter the coordinates of the
starting point. It is not necessary to create a point
before starting this routine; there is no separate
"starting" routine. Following the starting point number
selection are prompts for angle code, angle (or delta), and
distance (or radius), followed by the new point number. If
the Zenith toggle is on, a prompt for zenith angle will
appear before the distance prompt. The "+" key is
available for consecutive point numbering.
TO TRAVERSE A NON-TANGENT CURVE, YOU MUST FIRST TRAVERSE A
ZERO DISTANCE ON THE TANGENT BEARING.
If the Description toggle is on, a prompt for point
description will appear within the above sequence.
After each course, the routine moves the occupied point to
the last point created and begins again at the angle code
prompt for the next course. You may break out of this loop
at any point by pressing the <Esc> key. When returning to
traverse, you are again presented with the "Starting
point #: " prompt. The calc window shows a record of
points and courses.
Lines and curves will be drawn automatically if the "lines
toggle" is on.
Inverse:
The inverse routine begins like the traverse
routine, with a prompt for "FROM Point #: ", and a chance
to press <Enter> for the currently occupied point. There
is no chance, however to enter coordinates if the point
does not exist, in which case you will see an error
message. A "TO Point #: " prompt follows, followed by
calculations showing in the window. Inversing a curve is
accomplished by entering a negative radius point number at
the "TO point #:" prompt. This results in an "EC Point #:"
prompt, which when given, allows the program to inverse to
the EC. Inversing a curve of 180 degrees or more causes
problems with area and delta values, as the program doesn't
know which way to inverse, so assumes the short arc.
After the inverse has been completed, the "TO Point #:"
becomes the occupied point and moved to the "FROM Point #:"
prompt, allowing you to rapidly inverse from point to point
by entering point number after point number.
CC-COGO Page 28
If you wish to randomly inverse between non-contiguous
pairs of points, simply press <Esc> after each inverse, and
the "FROM Point #: " prompt will be available. Press <Esc>
again at this prompt and you will return to "Select
Function" mode.
Lines and curves will be drawn automatically if the "lines
toggle" is on.
Area:
Since there is no "starting" routine, one may wonder
what the number means that is printed when this key is
pressed. Well, the area calculations are occurring
continuously during traverse and inverse routines, and are
zeroed only when this routine is used, so it is up to you
to use it BEFORE running a closure, and AFTER traversing or
inversing to the point of beginning. Sideshots may be done
in the middle (which do not accumulate area), but will
clutter up your printout, and possibly your mind, and are
not recommended. The <F4> key may be used while traversing
or inversing to show the accumulated area and return its
value to zero.
Sideshot:
Sideshot is used when many shots have been taken
from one setup point. It is assumed that you traversed or
inversed to the currently occupied point.
When using sideshot, remember that the backsight azimuth
used for angles and deflections is the last one used in a
traverse, inverse, or intersection routine. Sideshot gives
you no opportunity to enter a backsight bearing. Again,
you may press <Enter> at the "FROM Point #: " prompt to
choose the currently occupied point. Any other point may
be chosen, but in that case use care when using any angle
codes other than 1 through 4. Using sideshot with
quadrants and bearings causes no problems from random
points. Alternatively, jumping back and forth between
sideshot and traverse presents no problems with any of the
field angle codes as long as the currently occupied point
is chosen. Note that the "-" (curve) angle code is not
available from sideshot. Sideshot does not change the
current bearing or azimuth. When leaving sideshot, the
currently occupied point will be whatever was chosen at the
"Sideshot FROM point #: " prompt. It has no effect on area
calculations.
The Description and Zenith toggles have the same effect as
in Traverse, turning the description and zenith angle
prompts on or off.
Radial inverse:
This routine is almost identical to
Inverse. The two differences are that area is not
accumulated and the occupied point does not change after
the "inversed" course is printed. Some refer to it as
"sideshot inverse".
CC-COGO Page 29
3 pt circle:
This routine will determine the radius and
center of a circle whose arc passes through three points,
which must have already been created. The routine prompts
for the point numbers of the three points and the point
number to be used for the center. The radius is printed as
well as the coordinates of the new center point.
inscribe Curve:
This routine is used to inscribe a curve
within two lines that the user has already established.
The routine begins by prompting for the P.I., with the
occupied point as the default. Prompts follow for a point
on the backsight tangent, the foresight tangent, the
desired point numbers for B.C., E.C., and radius point, and
the curve radius. After completion, the bearing to the
E.C. from the P.I. is the current bearing and the E.C.
becomes the occupied point. Area is not accumulated.
CC-COGO Page 30
Bearing-bearing intersection:
This routine is used to
traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the
user wishes) on a known bearing "through" an unknown point,
to a known point using another known bearing. The unknown
distances to and from the "through" point are calculated,
as are the coordinates of the "through" point.
Area is not accumulated through this routine. Sequence of
prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. New
quadrants and bearings or recalled bearings (angle codes 1
thru 5) are available. The "to" point becomes the occupied
point, and the bearing toward the "to" point becomes the
current bearing when the routine is finished.
bearinG-distance intersection:
This routine is used to
traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the
user wishes) on a known bearing "through" an unknown point,
to a known point using a known distance. The unknown
distance to the "through" point is calculated, as are the
coordinates of the "through" point. The unknown bearing
from the "through" point to the "to" point is calculated.
If the given distance is too short to intersect the given
bearing, an error message appears, with the opportunity to
re-enter the known data. There are two solutions to this
type of problem, and CC-COGO will present both answers in
the prompt area, for the user's choice.
Area is NOT accumulated through this routine. Sequence of
prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. The
occupied point must be the point from which the bearing is
known, and may be changed at the "FROM Point #" prompt.
New quadrants and bearings or recalled bearings (angle
codes 1 thru 5) are available. The "to" point becomes the
occupied point, and the bearing toward the "to" point
becomes the current bearing when the routine is finished.
CC-COGO Page 31
Distance-distance intersection:
This routine is used to
traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the
user wishes) on a known distance "through" an unknown
point, to a known point using another known distance. The
unknown bearing to the "through" point is calculated, as
are the coordinates of the "through" point. The unknown
bearing from the "through" point to the "to" point is also
calculated. If the given distances cannot intersect, an
error message appears, with the opportunity to re-enter the
known data. There are two solutions to this type of
problem, and CC-COGO will present both answers in the
prompt area, for the user's choice.
Area is NOT accumulated through this routine. Sequence of
prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. The
"to" point becomes the occupied point, and the bearing
toward the "to" point becomes the current bearing when the
routine is finished.
taNgent to curve:
This routine will create a line that
begins tangent to a selected curve, and goes to a selected
point. A new point is created at the point of tangency.
The radius point must already exist, as must the ending
point. The prompts will start you at the radius point,
taking you through the point of tangency (unknown point),
to the "TO" point. There are two solutions, and to decide
whether to go "right" or "left", picture yourself standing
on the point of tangency with the radius point behind you.
CC-COGO Page 32
90 offsets:
This routine will calculate the station and
offset distance to a point, from a base line defined by a
given point with a defined station and a base line bearing.
A negative station will result if the base station is too
small and the point is in the opposite direction than the
base line bearing. When entering the base angle, angle
codes 0 through 5 are available.
Offset intersection:
This routine will perform an
intersection between offsets from two lines, creating a new
point at the intersection of the offsets. The two lines
must already be defined by three points: the backsight, PI,
and foresight.
A different offset may be used from each line. The first
offset is from the line defined by the backsight point and
the PI, the second offset is from the line defined by the
PI and the foresight point. Both offsets must be to the
right, so set up the sequence of backsight, PI, and
foresight points so that the new intersection point will be
on the right side. If it is not possible to input both
offsets to the right, a negative offset may used to force a
left offset for one of the points.
The routine comes in handy for calculating the intersection
of the sidelines of two roads of different widths, or for
defining the zoning setbacks inside a lot, or other similar
problems.
CC-COGO Page 33
D. ROAD/LOT Submenu:
area/Rotate:
This routine solves a triangle of
predetermined area, when a base line and a known bearing
from one end of the base line is input. The unknown course
is "rotated" around the "pivot end" of the base line to
achieve the desired area. The known bearing is from the
"bearing end" of the base line to the "new point". Angle
codes 1 through 5 may be used for the known bearing. After
completion, the three sides of the triangle are inversed
and the area is printed. The "pivot end" becomes the
occupied point and the closing bearing to that point
becomes the current bearing. If the Lines toggle is on,
the new line will be drawn.
area/Slide:
This routine solves a trapezoid of
predetermined area, when a base line and known bearings
from each end of the base line is input. The unknown
course "slides" from the base line, staying parallel to the
base line to achieve the desired area. Angle codes 1
through 5 may be used for the known bearings. If a
solution cannot be reached after 200 iterations, a "NO
SOLUTION" error message will appear. After completion, the
four sides of the trapezoid are inversed and the area is
printed. The "first end point" becomes the occupied point
and the closing bearing to that point becomes the current
bearing. If the Lines toggle is on, the new line will be
drawn.
CC-COGO Page 34
Tee intersection:
Calculates curves at the corners of the
sideline of a street intersection. This routine is for a
"tee", with a "thru" street and a "side" street. The same
radius must be used for both corners. A different width
may be used for each street. Only one new point number is
prompted for, they are assigned sequentially to the new
points, starting with the beginning point # entered. The
point at the centerline intersection must exist, and a
point on each tangent must also exist.
First, the point at the intersection of the centerlines is
prompted for. When the prompt for the "P.O.T. Thru" is
given, enter a point in either direction. When the "P.O.T
Side" prompt is given, enter only a point on the side
street centerline. The radius to use for the corners is
prompted for, then the width (half) of the "thru" street,
then that of the "side" street. The points and curve data
are then listed. It is suggested that the "90 degree
offsets" routine in the COGO submenu be used to calculate
distances along centerlines for stationing.
If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn.
Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it
may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or
greater for inversing or curve drawing).
If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be
given descriptions of "PC" and "RP".
Cross intersection:
This routine does a four-way
intersection, similar to the Tee Intersection. The prompts
are the same, even for the "thru" and "side" street. Even
though both streets are actually "thru", designating one as
"side" helps to identify which street which width goes
with. It doesn't matter which of the streets the user
calls "thru" and which he calls "side", as long as the
appropriate width is input when prompted. Likewise,
P.O.T.s in either direction from the centerline
intersection point may be input at the appropriate prompt.
See the "Tee Intersection" discussion above.
CC-COGO Page 35
cul De sac:
Calculates centered or offset cul de sac
curves. This is very similar in use to the intersection
routines. The first point prompted for is the "center",
which is the center of the "bulb" if it is a centered cul
de sac. If it is offset, the "center" is actually the end
of the tangent, and the routine will calculate the radius
point of the bulb and assign it a point number. The other
prompts for P.O.T., first new point, corner and bulb
radius, and half street width, are self-explanatory. The
last prompt is where the user chooses a centered, or left
offset, or right offset cul de sac.
If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn.
Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it
may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or
greater for inversing or curve drawing).
If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be
given descriptions of "PC" and "RP".
Knuckle:
Calculates curves at the corners of the sideline
of a street at an angle, with a "bulb" on one side and a
return on the other. The same radius must be used for all
corners, and (optionally) a different radius for the bulb.
The same (half) width must be used for each street
direction. Only one new point number is prompted for, they
are assigned sequentially to the new points, starting with
the beginning point # entered. The point at the centerline
intersection must exist, and a point on each tangent
("back" and "fore") must also exist.
First, the point at the intersection of the centerlines is
prompted for. When the prompt for the "P.O.T. Back" is
given, enter a point on tangent in either direction. When
the "P.O.T Fore" prompt is given, enter a point on tangent
in the other direction. The # of the first new point is
prompted for. The radius to use for the corners is
prompted for, then the radius of the bulb, then the (half)
width of the street. The points and curve data are then
listed. It is suggested that the "90 degree offsets"
routine in the COGO submenu be used to calculate distances
along centerlines for stationing.
If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn.
Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it
may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or
greater for inversing or curve drawing).
If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be
given descriptions of "PC" and "RP".
CC-COGO Page 36
right of Way:
The purpose of this routine is calculate the
sidelines of a right-of-way, once the centerline has been
established. The routine will calculate coordinates for,
and assign point numbers to, lines parallel to a line
defined by existing point numbers. Running this routine is
similar to inversing, with prompts included for the point
numbers being created along the offset lines. The routine
moves ahead to the foresight point after calculating the
offset points, using the previous centerline point for a
backsight, and prompting for a new foresight point. If
either a left offset or a right offset is not desired,
enter "0" when prompted.
If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be
given descriptions of "R/W".
The Lines toggle has no effect here.
Lot summary:
This routine is for printing a lot summary
with a page heading that includes manually entered title
information. It then resets the area to zero and inverses
between points selected by the user. When the beginning
point is entered as a "TO Point", the routine finishes and
prints the area of the closed figure.
If the Lines toggle is on, lines will automatically be
drawn around the figure.
CC-COGO Page 37
E. TOPO Submenu:
Traverse/elevation:
This routine is used to carry
elevations along with a field traverse, such as when
setting control for several radial topo setups or for
photogrammetric mapping. It is similar to COGO Traverse,
with the automatic inclusion of delta elev/horizontal
distance prompts or zenith angle/slope distance prompts,
depending on the status of the Zenith Toggle. The first
option is used for Total Station traverse and the second is
for EDM/theodolite traverse.
In addition to the usual traverse routine prompts, there
are prompts for HI (Height of Instrument) and Rod, in case
variable rod readings are necessary due to terrain or
vegetation. There is a prompt for starting elevation if
the point has not previously had an elevation established.
Angle codes 1-9 are available for traversing.
After traversing a course, the occupied point moves ahead
and the routine prompts for data for the next course.
Press <Esc> to exit when finished. Occupied point becomes
the last point traversed to, and the last bearing to that
point becomes the current bearing.
The Lines toggle has no effect here.
Stadia:
This routine is used to reduce field notes from a
radial topo, done from one setup, using the stadia method.
The first data that must be input are regarding the setup
point: point number, coordinates (unless the point already
exists), description of the setup point, ground elevation
at the setup point (which will automatically be entered if
it is in the file), height of instrument above the ground
(which becomes the default rod reading, assuming the target
is set at the HI), and backsight bearing. The only
backsight bearing angle codes allowed are 1-4 (quadrant and
bearing) and 5 (recall bearing).
Prompts follow for the data to establish the points being
shot: Angle code (codes 1-9 are available), horizontal
angle, vertical angle, stadia interval (rod interval times
stadia interval factor), rod reading (press return to
accept the default shown), description of point, and point
number being shot.
Note that the vertical angle is the default input rather
than zenith angle, unless the Zenith toggle is on, since
the stadia method is usually used with a transit. Also
note that the stadia constant is assumed to be zero.
The Lines toggle has no effect here.
CC-COGO Page 38
Radial topo:
This routine is used to reduce field notes
from a radial topo with an electronic distance meter (EDM)
or total station. If an EDM is used, the Zenith toggle
should be turned on. Otherwise, the default mode is for
total station data, which requires delta elevation and
horizontal distance as input data. In EDM mode, it is
assumed that a top-mount EDM is used, and that the prism is
set above the target at the same offset distance as the EDM
is above the telescope.
The first data that must be input are regarding the setup
point: point number, coordinates (unless the point already
exists), ground elevation at the setup point (which will
automatically be entered if it is in the file), height of
instrument above the ground (which becomes the default rod
reading, assuming the target is set at the HI), and
backsight bearing. The only backsight bearing angle codes
allowed are: 1-4 (quadrant and bearing), and 5 (recall
bearing).
Prompts follow for the data to establish the points being
shot: Angle code (codes 1-9 are available), angle, delta
elevation (press <Enter> if no elevation is desired for the
point) or zenith angle, horizontal or slope distance, rod
reading (press <Enter> to accept the default shown),
description of point, and point number being shot. The
program loops back for another point after printing input
data and reduced output data. Press <Esc> to exit when
finished. Occupied point becomes the setup point and
current bearing becomes the bearing from the backsight to
the setup point, if these values were changed when "Radial
Topo" was started.
The Lines toggle has no effect here.
Elevation boot:
This routine will automatically raise or
lower the elevation of a selected group of points. This is
handy when a topo is done with an assumed bench mark (or
using the wrong elevation), and the elevations of all or
part of the topo must be adjusted. Simply select the range
of points at the prompts, and enter the amount (plus or
minus) of the adjustment. After adjusting the elevations
and printing them, the routine loops back for another range
of points. Press <Escape> to exit.
CC-COGO Page 39
F. UTILITY Submenu:
Triangles:
This routine allows the user to enter three of
six triangle criteria and obtain solutions for the other
three. Any combination of angles and sides may be entered
except angle-angle-angle, which has no solution. Remember
the triangle from your trig class, where A, B, and C are
the angles and a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides
opposite the respective angles. Draw yourself a sketch of
the triangle you want to solve, and entering the data at
the prompts for "Angle A: ", "Side a: ", etc. will be
easier. If an item is unknown, press <Enter>. When three
criteria have been entered, the prompts stop and the
results are calculated, if possible.
Curve solution:
This routine allows the user to enter two
of six curve criteria: 1) delta, 2) radius, 3) arc length,
4) tangent, 5) chord, and 6) external distance. The
remaining four criteria will be calculated and printed.
When prompted for the data, press <Enter> if the data is
unknown. If less than two criteria are entered, an error
message will result. Either delta or radius must be one of
the two criteria entered.
CC-COGO Page 40
Grades:
The user enters a beginning and ending station and
beginning elevation, and a profile grade (in ft/ft, NOT
percent). The user may then use a routine that
automatically figures grades at a selected stationing
interval (Autostationing), or may specify stations
individually. The "Autostation" option will use "even"
stations, though the user may enter an odd beginning and
ending station. This feature depends on the user entering
a stationing interval that divides evenly into 100.
tangent Intersection:
When a beginning station and
elevation is known, and a second station and elevation is
known, and a grade break is desired between the two with
known profile grades FROM the beginning station to the
grade break and from the grade break TO the second station,
this is the routine to use. The station (PI Station) and
elevation of the grade break are calculated and shown.
Vertical curve:
This routine prompts for known data and
calculates and prints unknown data. The first prompt is
for the PVI (point of vertical intersection). If the BVC
(begin vertical curve) is known, press <Enter> at the first
prompt, and BVC information will be prompted for instead.
After prompting for the required data, the basic curve
information is printed, with the peak/sag station and
elevation, if applicable. A routine follows which lets the
user compute elevations automatically at a selected
stationing interval (Autostationing), or compute elevations
at individually specified stations.
Station line:
The Station Line routine is a routine that
will: 1) Create points at individually specified stations
and offsets, or 2) Automatically create points at
centerline and optional (different) left and/or right
offsets, at a user-selected stationing interval. The first
part of the routine lets the user select a point and
bearing, and assign a station to the point. Following is
an "Autostationing or Specified station & offset" prompt
which allows the user to either automatically station the
centerline and a right and/or left offset line OR
selectively create points at odd stations and offsets.
The "Specified station..." option will not create a point
on the base line; it will only create a point on the
offset. Defaults within the prompt, and a loop back for
another point allow easy entry of multiple offsets from the
same station. When this option is quit, the
"Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns.
The "Autostationing..." option will prompt for a beginning
station, an ending station, a left offset, a right offset,
a stationing interval, and the first new point number to be
assigned. Point numbers are sequentially assigned as
follows: centerline, left offset, right offset,
centerline, left..., etc. Note that this option always
creates a new point on centerline. If a zero offset is
CC-COGO Page 41
entered for the right or left offset, that particular
offset line is not created. For example, if a left offset
is specified, and a zero right offset is specified, points
will be created and sequentially numbered as: centerline,
left offset, centerline, left offset, etc. After the
option has finished, the "Autostationing or Specified..."
prompt returns. Note that this option will use the literal
beginning station and increment by the stationing interval;
it does NOT adjust points to "even" stations like the
Grades routine or Vertical Curve routine. Those routines
are "design" routines that develop data for placement on
plan/profile sheets; this routine is for staking, where the
surveyor may want to use an odd stationing interval and not
have the routine make presumptuous adjustments to get the
points on "even" stations.
The user may use the Autostationing option, then use the
Specified option to catch the odd stations and offsets, or
vice-versa, without having to reenter the base point,
bearing and station, if he does so without quitting the
routine completely.
If the Description toggle is on, descriptions for each
point will be automatically created that include the
station, direction, and amount of offset. For example, the
description for an offset point 25 feet left at station
10+00 would be "1000L25". Note that it is possible for a
combination of station and offset to exceed the allowable
twelve spaces for a description; in that case the
description will be truncated. For example an offset point
125.75 feet left at station 150+00.50 will have a
description of "15000.5L125."; the "75" was truncated.
This is an unusual case, however.
The Specified option is also useful for reducing topo field
notes that are taken using the station and offset method.
The elevations will have to be entered manually, using the
"Edit/Enter Points" routine in the EDIT submenu.
Another "non-staking" use of this routine would be for
establishing the right-of-way sidelines of a newly designed
or widened road or highway, where cuts and fills require a
right-of-way of varying width. Many times the sidelines
are scaled off the improvement plans using stations and
offsets.
Station curve:
The Station Curve routine is a routine that
will: 1) Create points at individually specified stations
and offsets, or 2) Automatically create points at
centerline and optional (different) left and/or right
offsets, at a user-selected stationing interval. The first
part of the routine lets the user select a curve (BC, RP,
and EC), and assign a station to the BC. Following is an
"Autostationing or Specified station & offset" prompt which
allows the user to either automatically station the
centerline and a right and/or left offset line OR
selectively create points at odd stations and offsets.
CC-COGO Page 42
The "Specified station..." option will not create a point
on the curve centerline; it will only create a point on the
offset. Defaults within the prompt, and a loop back for
another point allow easy entry of multiple offsets from the
same station. When this option is quit, the
"Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns.
The "Autostationing..." option will prompt for a beginning
station, an ending station, a left offset, a right offset,
a stationing interval, and the first new point number to be
assigned. Point numbers are sequentially assigned as
follows: centerline, left offset, right offset,
centerline, left..., etc. Note that this option always
creates a new point on centerline. If a zero offset is
entered for the right or left offset, that particular
offset line is not created. For example, if a left offset
is specified, and a zero right offset is specified, points
will be created and sequentially numbered as: centerline,
left offset, centerline, left offset, etc. After the
option has finished, the "Autostationing or Specified..."
prompt returns. Like the Station Lines routine, this
option will use the literal beginning station and increment
by the stationing interval; it does NOT adjust points to
"even" stations. Unlike the Station Lines routine, you may
not enter beginning or ending stations that are not within
the specified curve. The stations must be between the BC
and the EC, or an error message will be printed.
The user may use the Autostationing option, then use the
Specified option to catch the odd stations and offsets, or
vice-versa, without having to reenter the base point,
bearing and station, if he does so without quitting the
routine completely. Since the BC and EC are usually odd
stations, and are already existing points, it would be good
practice to first use the Specified option to establish the
left and right offsets from the BC, then use the
Autostationing option to station the interior of the curve,
then use the Specified option to establish the EC offsets.
If the Description toggle is on, descriptions for each
point will be automatically created that include the
station, direction and amount of offset as with the
"Station Lines" routine.
CC-COGO Page 43
Curve stakeout:
Provides field stakeout information for a
curve without creating new points. The curve must have
been previously created, at least the BC, EC, and RP. The
routine prompts for point numbers for these components and
computes and prints the curve data, similar to curve data
printout when traversing a curve. Then follow prompts for
station of PC (which is the proposed setup point and may be
BC or EC, depending on which way you are going) and station
interval (such as 50 or 100 feet), and offset, for staking
curves on an offset from the centerline.
Stations and staking information will be printed out for
sequential "even" stations. For example, if the PC is at
station 10+20 (enter "1020") and the interval chosen is 50
feet, data will be printed for stations 10+50, 11+00,
11+50, etc., and the other end of the curve, rather than
10+70, 11+20, etc. If you want to stake from the "high"
stationed end of the curve, enter the point number of that
end as the PC and the station of that end, and enter a
negative staking interval.
The offset entered will allow the staking data to be
developed using the centerline stationing, but the
instrument will be able to occupy the PC on the offset
curve, and lay out the offset curve from that point. For
example, if you want to stake curb and gutter with your
stakes offset 20 feet toward the center of the curve,
occupying the PC on the offset, you would enter "-20" as
the offset. The centerline radius will be used for
calculating stations, since that is what most improvement
plans use. If the offset radius were to be used, the
staked points would gradually "creep" away from their
corresponding centerline station.
There are two options for stakeout data: deflection angles
and tangent offsets. This is the last prompt before
CC-COGO does its business. Both routines assume that the
entire curve will be laid out from the PC (on the offset if
the offset is not zero). The deflection angles given, or
tangent distances given, assume the instrument is pointed
toward the PI of the curve.
CC-COGO Page 44
Radial stakeout:
This routine is for computing ties for
staking or setting property corners. The user enters the
setup point # and backsight point #, then a range of point
#'s to be staked. The angle right, distance, and bearing
to each point is then printed. The routine loops back for
another range of points. There is also a "search" distance
prompt, which will allow the user to select a maximum
distance for stakeout points from the setup point. The
default is 500 feet, which changes if the user enters a
different distance. All points within the point range
selected are analyzed to see if they are within the
selected distance from the setup point, and only those
within that distance are printed.
When the routine is quit, the setup point becomes the
occupied point and the bearing to the backsight becomes the
current bearing.
Line feed:
This will cause the calc window on the screen
to scroll up one line, to separate groups of calcs if you
wish. If the Printer Toggle is on, the printed output will
insert a blank line (line feed) at the same time.
print Note:
This will allow you to enter a note that will
print on the screen, and if the Printer Toggle is on, to
also print on the printed output.
page Up:
This will scroll the screen up one page
(effectively clearing the calc window), and if the Printer
Toggle is on, will form feed one page and print a new page
heading.
CC-COGO Page 45
G. MODULES Submenu:
Transfer between the CC-SURVeyor 4 family of programs is
somewhat automated by these menu choices. To transfer
program control to another CIVILcomp program that is
listed, pick it off the menu. Otherwise you must Quit
CC-COGO, then start the other program, then re-open the
file. When you transfer program control using this
submenu, you will be given a chance to save your .CCC file
if you haven't done so, and when the new program loads, it
will automatically open the same-named file for you. You
may return to CC-COGO by using the MODULES submenu in the
other program. To speed up the transfer, if you have
already saved your files, press <Esc> at the "Save ...
File" prompts, and the transfer will skip that process.
The programs available to transfer to will be those that
are present on your hard disk, that are listed in the
submenu. In other words, if you have not purchased
CC-CONTour, you will not be able to pick it on the submenu.
NOTE: Program transfer using this submenu will only work
properly if you have started CC-COGO from the DOS command
line, or transfered to it from another module, or started
it from a .BAT file in which COGO is the last line. If
CC-COGO is started from a menu program or shell program,
when you try to transfer to another module using this
submenu, you will most likely end up in some part of your
menu program or shell program, as those types of programs
always try to return control to themselves when an
application is terminated.
CC-COGO Page 46
H. SETTINGS Submenu:
ccc Path:
This routine may be used to configure
CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or
subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or
save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory
than the previously configured one. The path chosen with
this routine affects only .CCC files.
If no path is set, the default is to use the same
subdirectory that CC-COGO is installed in for file storage.
To make the new path permanent, use "View/save" in this
submenu.
Import/export Path:
This routine may be used to configure
CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or
subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or
save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory
than the previously configured one. The path chosen with
this routine affects only imported or exported files.
If no path is set, the default is to use the same
subdirectory that CC-COGO is installed in for file storage.
To make the new path permanent, use "View/save" in this
submenu.
Layer display:
This routine controls which layers will
screen plot. The upper part of the dialog box shows the
"point attribute" layers and the lower part shows the
"user-named" layers. A more detailed explanation of the
layer capabilities of CC-COGO is given in the "SCREEN
PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST WYSIWYG" section of this
manual. All layers (except elevation and description) plot
by default. Note that a "check mark" at the left of a
layer name indicates that the layer is "on". If <Enter> is
pressed on a highlighted name or the mouse is clicked on a
name, the "check mark" will come and go, indicating that
the layer is being toggled on and off. The elevation and
description layers cannot be turned on at this time. You
may press <F10> at any time to see how the current layer
arrangement will look. Pick <OK> or press <Esc> when you
are satisfied with the layers.
Change layer:
This routine is used to assign or reassign
ranges of points to a user-named layer. You may change a
range of point numbers, or by matching description. Your
first prompt will be for a destination layer name (a list
box shows existing layers). The next prompt will be for
the first point, or the Description option. Entering a
point number will result in a prompt for the last point to
be assigned to that layer. The range will then be
reassigned.
CC-COGO Page 47
Entering "D" instead of the first point number will result
in a prompt for a description search criteria. Press <F1>
for help with the search syntax. After entering the search
criteria, all matching points will be reassigned.
The routine will loop back to select another layer.
Set current layer:
The "current" layer only affects what
user-named layer newly assigned points will be placed on.
For example, if points are going to be entered using the
"edit/enter Points" routine, and they are to go on the
BOUNDARY layer, you should first make the BOUNDARY layer
current before entering them. The current layer name is
shown in the lower right hand corner of the screen, in the
color of the layer. The default current layer is CONTROL.
reName layers:
The user-named layers may be renamed with
this routine. The default layer names are: CONTROL, TOPO,
BOUNDARY, EASEMENT, STREET, BUILDING, and UTILITY. A
dialog box is used to present the current layer names. By
pressing the <Enter> key, or clicking the mouse, the
current highlighted layer name is changed to "edit" mode,
where you can edit or rename the layer. Press <Enter> when
done editing, and you can choose another name to edit, or
press <Esc> to exit the routine. The new names only affect
the current file. To create new default layer names, use
this routine in CC-PLOT and save the settings from there.
linetYpes:
This routine allows you to assign various
linetypes to the user-named layers, for screen and pen
plotting (with CC-PLOT). A list box showing the layer
names and current linetypes is presented. To change one of
the layers to a different linetype, pick it, and the
available linetypes will be listed. They are schematically
shown below, with the number used in the .LAY file and the
equivalent AutoCAD linetype name (used in DXF files):
___________ 1 Continuous
_____ _____ 2 Dashed
_ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Hidden
____ _ ____ 4 Center
___ _ _ ___ 5 Phantom
........... 6 Dot
The default linetype is "Continuous". Each file may have
its own linetypes as well as layer names. To create a
default linetype/layer arrangement, use this routine in
CC-PLOT and save the settings from there.
Angle precision:
You may choose different precisions for
screen and printer output of angles with this routine. The
choices are presented in a dialog box. This precision does
not affect the calculations or file precision, only the
printed output. You may use "View/save" in this submenu to
make this setting the default for future use of CC-COGO.
CC-COGO Page 48
Distance precision:
You may choose different precisions
for screen and printer output of distances and coordinates
with this routine. The choices are presented in a dialog
box. This precision does not affect the calculations or
file precision, only the printed output. You may use
"View/save" in this submenu to make this setting the
default for future use of CC-COGO.
Toggles:
There are several "toggles" (meaning they may be
toggled on/off) that may be set with this routine. The
toggles are presented in a dialog box, and the ones that
are "on" have a check mark at the side. Pressing <Enter>
while one is highlighted, or picking one with the mouse,
will cause it to toggle on/off. The particular toggles,
when on, will:
Azimuth: cause all screen and printed output to use north
azimuth rather than quadrant/bearing for angular
output.
Description: cause a prompt for a point description each
time a new point is created (or automatically assign
default descriptions in some routines).
Lines: cause a line or curve to be drawn as points are
created, while using many of the COGO and ROAD/LOT
routines.
Printer: cause all data displaying in the calc window on
your screen to also print on your printer. This
printout works best with continuous feed paper. You
should not use your printer's controls for line feed
or form feed; you should instead use the "Line feed"
and "page Up" routines in the UTILITY Submenu.
CC-COGO keeps track of the number of lines printed,
and will page up at the wrong line if you have used
your printer controls to do that.
Zenith: cause the "Traverse" and "Sideshot" routines to
prompt for zenith angle and slope distance rather than
horizontal distance. Cause "Radial topo" to accept
EDM data (zenith angle and slope distance) rather than
total station (delta elevation and horizontal
distance). Cause "Stadia" to accept zenith angles
rather than vertical angles.
NOTE: The above toggles may also be turned on/off with
<Alt-A>, <Alt-D), <Alt-L>, <Alt-P>, or <Alt-Z>.
Any toggle that is "on" will have its first letter show in
the "Toggles:" section of the message bar on the bottom of
the screen.
The default settings of the Azimuth, Description, Printer,
and Zenith toggles may be set to "on" by using "View/save"
in this submenu after setting them with this routine.
View/save:
This routine will show the current
configuration, and give you the chance to save the settings
if you desire.
CC-COGO Page 49
VIII.ERROR MESSAGES
There are several error messages that the BASIC compiler
generates that CC-COGO does not "trap" for. When CC-COGO
"traps" errors, it does not let the error cause the program to
"crash", and gives the user a chance to correct the error before
continuing. "Trapped" errors are those that beep and print a
message below the CC-COGO prompt. When the following errors
are not "trapped", they may cause the program to "crash" to DOS,
which causes a loss of all data created since the last Save
command. The "non-trapped" errors generally have to do with
hardware problems or file format problems. Following is a list
of messages that have been reported, and possible causes and
fixes.
Device fault: Probably a disk read or write error. If you
get this message regularly, and if you also get a DOS disk
error message, you should have your disk drive checked.
This may also be caused by the printer problems described
under "Device timeout", below.
Device timeout: Most of the time this is caused by the
printer either being off, or being off-line or out of
paper. A loose printer cable may also cause this problem.
Also it is difficult to hand feed single sheets without
causing this error. Please use continuous form paper.
CC-COGO will trap this error in most cases, but if you take
the printer off line to formfeed, and don't put it back on
line, you may get this error the next time CC-COGO tries to
print. This error will cause CC-COGO to crash and all work
done since the last Save will be lost.
Illegal function call: If this occurs when you try to
screen plot (using <F10> or "view plot"), your EGA/VGA card
is not 100% compatible. If you used the /E or /V command
line parameter to force CC-COGO to assume EGA or VGA, you
may get this message.
Input past end: Caused by trying to load an improperly
formatted file. You may have renamed another COGO
program's coordinate file to *.CCC to try to get CC-COGO to
read it, or you may have used your text editor to edit a
.CCC file, .INI file, or .LAY file and accidentally created
an error in the file format.
String space corrupt . . . .: Caused by same file format
problems as "Input past end", above, but it may occur some
time later rather than within the "Open ccc file" routine.
CC-COGO Page 50
IX. UPGRADE HISTORY
Release 4 of CC-SURVeyor includes four modules, of which CC-COGO
1.0 is the central module.
Version 1.0 of CC-COGO is based largely on CC-SURVeyor 3.2, with
the addition of 2000 more points storage capacity, mouse driven
menus, layer management, linetypes, user-selected output
precision, user-selected file subdirectories, azimuth output
option, VGA 640x480 graphics support, and minor enhancements to
most routines.
Version 1.01:
Switch to "draw/erase lines" from within "view plot".
Version 1.06:
Support mouse button 2 for <Enter>.
Version 1.07:
Allow negative coordinates.
Version 1.09:
"List used points" will pause with each full screen.
Version 1.13:
<Alt> keys for toggles will work in Select Mode.
Version 1.14:
List points by description or by layer.
Reassign points to layer by description.
Version 1.15:
Provide /E and /V parameters for EGA or VGA cards that may
not be automatically sensed.
CC-COGO Page 51
X. REGISTRATION
To help us provide proper support, please fill out this
registration form and send it to CIVILcomp.
*********************** C C - C O G O 1 *************************
Name_________________________________________________________________
Company or Public Agency/Dept._______________________________________
Street address_______________________________________________________
City______________________________State________________Zip___________
Occupation___________________________________________________________
Make and model of IBM PC compatible__________________________________
Version of MS-DOS__________ 8087/80287/80387________ RAM______K bytes
Video display: CGA_______EGA_______VGA_______Herc_______Other________
Diskette drives____3.5"____5.25" Size of HD (if present)_________MB
Other COGO program used_______________________ Version #_____________
CAD software used_____________________________ Version #_____________
Do you use a mouse?_____If yes, make and model_______________________
digitizer?_____If yes, make and size____________________________
plotter?_____If yes, make and size______________________________
graphics printer?_____If yes, make and model____________________
*********************************************************************
Please send to: CIVILcomp
320 Eureka Canyon Road
Watsonville, CA 95076
CC-COGO Page 52
************************ D I S C L A I M E R ************************
ALTHOUGH THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN TESTED BY ITS DEVELOPER, NO WARRANTY,
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE BY THE DEVELOPER AS TO THE ACCURACY AND
FUNCTIONING OF THE PROGRAM AND RELATED PROGRAM MATERIAL, NOR SHALL
THE FACT OF DISTRIBUTION CONSTITUTE ANY SUCH WARRANTY, AND NO
RESPONSIBILITY IS ASSUMED BY THE DEVELOPER IN CONNECTION THEREWITH.
*********************************************************************
CREDITS:
This program was written and compiled with Microsoft BASIC
version 7.10.
AutoCAD and AutoLISP are trademarks of AutoDesk, Inc.
CC-SURVeyor, CC-COGO, CC-BALance, CC-CONTour, and CC-PLOT are
trademarks of CIVILcomp.
IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp.
Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
The pull-down menus, dialog boxes and input editor are adapted
from routines written by Crescent Software.
CC-COGO Page 53
