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UPGRADE.DOC
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1995-11-17
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UPGRADE.TXT
________________________________________________________________
This readme is for installations migrating from NetWare versions
prior to 4.1, especially when a mixed 4.0x/4.1 environment might
be maintained for a period of time. If all servers have been
upgraded to NetWare 4.1 this information is unnecessary.
This readme contains the following sections:
I. Summary
II. General Upgrade Hints
III. Run DSREPAIR Before You Upgrade
IV. Strategy for Migration
V. Installing the New DS.NLM on Existing NetWare 4.1 Servers
VI. Running a Mixed Environment for an Extended Time
VII. Supplement to "Introduction to NetWare Directory Services"
I. SUMMARY
Part of the upgrade procedure is a check to be sure that
there are no data inconsistencies in the current Directory
Services data.
Although Novell recommends that customers upgrade all
servers to NetWare 4.1, a mixed environment will function
properly if you use this procedure. To ensure that your
upgrade is smooth, Novell recommends the following:
- Run the DSREPAIR utility (version 2.23e) on each NetWare
4.0x server before you upgrade the server. Note the
instructions in section III of this readme. This file is
supplied as REPAIR.NLM.
- Upgrade all versions of NetWare 4.0x to NetWare 4.1 as
soon as it is practical.
- Install DS.NLM version 4.89 onto all NetWare 4.1 servers.
This version of NDS is more tolerant of data inconsistencies
in previous NetWare 4.0x NDS databases, and will provide
better mixed environment interoperability.
- Whenever possible, upgrade all servers in a partition at
the same time.
(When you upgrade NetWare 3.x servers, add them to
partitions where all other servers have been upgraded to
NetWare 4.1.)
If you must maintain NetWare 4.0x servers, or if you must
upgrade gradually, Novell recommends the strategy outlined
in this readme.
NetWare 4.1 has a more accurate means of tracking objects,
containers, and other items in the NetWare Directory
Services (NDS) tree using the time-and-date stamp.
Because the time-and-date stamps on NetWare 4.0x servers
might have been altered, there can be inconsistencies in the
NetWare 4.0x data which may impact upgrades.
The DSREPAIR part of the process will correct or identify
data problems which could impede the upgrade process. Even
if you are not ready to upgrade, you can use this DSREPAIR
to correct data defects in the Directory Services database.
II. GENERAL UPGRADE HINTS
During your upgrade process you will be running in a mixed
4.0x/4.1 environment. Until all servers in the NDS tree are
running NetWare 4.1, you won't fully realize the benefits of
increased speed or reliability, nor can you use all 4.1
features.
The following hints will help you with the upgrade process:
- Read the errata that is found in the NetWare 4.1 box.
- Read and follow the README.41 file.
Install lets you read this document, but you should review
it BEFORE you actually begin the installation. This ASCII
text file is found in the \NW410\INSTALL\ENGLISH\README
directory on the 4.1 CDROM and can be copied from the CDROM
or read directly.
The README.41 file covers important limitations of having a
mixed 4.0x/4.1 tree. The most important parts of that
document are included at the end of this readme as
"VII. Supplement to "Introduction to NetWare Directory
Services."
III. RUN DSREPAIR BEFORE YOU UPGRADE
A. POSSIBLE INCONSISTENCIES IN OLD TREE DATA
NetWare 4.1 has many improvements to ensure reliable,
stable use of Directory Services. Much work was done
to ensure that the data contained in older versions of
NetWare Directory Services would migrate easily to the
current release. To optimize NetWare 4.1 NDS performance,
check for possible NDS database inconsistencies before
upgrading.
The version of DSREPAIR included in this package has
features which make it a useful tool to check a NetWare
4.0x NDS database before upgrading to NetWare 4.1. The
DSREPAIR.NLM is named REPAIR.NLM in this package.
Because running DSREPAIR before upgrading ensures that
NetWare 4.1 will perform as designed, run DSREPAIR version
2.23e on EACH 4.0x server before you upgrade that server.
This DSREPAIR will run only on NetWare 4.0x servers and is
not intended for NetWare 4.1 servers.
Although this DSREPAIR will correct most NDS Database
inconsistencies, there may be a few conditions where you
will need to contact Novell. Those conditions are indicated
in the special DSREPAIR instructions below and are indicated
by the code [PBD]. Contact Novell to resolve these
problems before upgrading.
You should contact Novell through your standard support
channel, such as your reseller, distributor or consultant.
B. RUNNING DSREPAIR
The document, REPAIR.DOC, has the general operating
instructions for this version of DSREPAIR.
The following are specific instructions and a summary of
some of the features in this version of DSREPAIR that have
proven useful to some of our upgrading customers. This
version of DSREPAIR will allow the user to more quickly
resolve possible issues and upgrade easily.
To use this DSREPAIR, copy it to SYS:SYSTEM on the NetWare
4.0x server or run it from a diskette. By running the
various options, and appending to the LOGFILE, you will
obtain a record in the file SYS:\SYSTEM\DSREPAIR.LOG that
can be viewed in an editor or printed.
DSREPAIR will correct many errors automatically, but you
must manually correct some errors before upgrading. After
correcting the errors, re-run DSREPAIR to make sure you have
not missed any.
- Communication errors:
All servers must be properly synchronized before you can
perform an upgrade. If a server is down, or is not
communicating properly, this condition will be reported in
the error log.
You must resolve the communication link or bring the
server up and allow synchronization to complete. If the
server has been removed from the network but still exists
within the Directory Services database, follow the
instructions in the DSREPAIR.DOC. You won't complete a
smooth upgrade if you are experiencing communications
problems.
- Same name Siblings:
With NetWare 4.0x, objects with duplicate names but of
different types were allowed. For example, in NetWare
4.0x a container and a user could have the same name.
This is not permitted in NetWare 4.1 (to simplify use
and prepare for future applications).
Before you upgrade, rename (or delete) the leaf object
(user in this example). This version of DSREPAIR
locates and report siblings of the same name for you.
If you see an entry indicating a duplicate name, as in
Duplicate or ambiguous name: [objectname]
go to NWADMIN (or NETADMIN) and rename one of the
objects.
- Duplicate Time Stamps:
No two objects should have the same time stamp.
Previous problems with your time synchronization
could have caused incorrect time stamps. This
condition results in a [PBD] timestamp entry in the
error log.
If you receive a [PBD] Timestamp in the error log,
you must delete one of the objects. Following, allow
time for synchronization and then rerun DSREPAIR to
verify that no duplicate timestamps exist.
If both objects are container objects, and both have a
significant number of leaf objects below them, deleting
and recreating one of the objects manually could be very
time consuming.
WARNING: If the LOGFILE contains any messages with the
prefix [PBD], as in [PBD] Duplicate creation time stamps
DO NOT UPGRADE the server. Contact Novell to assist in
resolving the problem before upgrading. You may continue
to operate the server as a NetWare 4.0x server until this
data is corrected.
- Backlinks and External references:
External references are pointers used when object
information must be maintained where the object itself
does not exist.
For example, an external reference would be used when
a user has rights to a file on a server that does not
contain a replica of the partition where the user object
is located. Directory Services maintains these pointers
and they must be properly back linked (associated with
real object) before you upgrade.
To verify that the external references are correct, from
the main DSREPAIR menu choose option "8". External
references that might not properly match the real
object will be corrected. If improper external
references are found and cannot be corrected they
will be identified in the LOGFILE.
If the LOGFILE contains any messages with the prefix
[PBD] as in [PBD] TIMESTAMP: External reference ....
DO NOT UPGRADE the server. Contact Novell to assist in
resolving the problem before upgrading. You may continue
to operate the server as a NetWare 4.0x server until this
data is corrected.
IV. STRATEGY FOR MIGRATION
Upgrading from NetWare 4.0x to 4.1 is a fast process. In
general, the process consists of copying new NetWare 4.1
files to the server and restarting.
Unless WAN links are involved, this process should take less
than 30 minutes. Although you can upgrade several servers
at once, if many servers are involved the upgrade could
still take some time.
If you will not be running in a mixed environment for an
extended period of time, the order of upgrade may not be
significant. It is generally best to upgrade all servers in
a given partition. Until all servers in a given partition
are 4.1, the full benefits will not be realized.
When upgrading NetWare 3.x servers to NetWare 4.1 it is best
to upgrade it into a partition in which all servers are
running 4.1. This ensures proper migration of the bindery
information into the Directory Services database with no
chance for data inconsistencies.
V. INSTALLING THE NEW DS.NLM ON EXISTING NETWARE 4.1
SERVERS
The 4.89 version of NetWare Directory Services is more
tolerant of data inconsistencies in previous NetWare 4.0x
NDS databases, and will provide better mixed environment
interoperability.
Although version 4.89 is designed for mixed environments, all
NetWare 4.1 servers will benefit from running this version.
DS.NLM is normally installed as part of a server upgrade or
new install. It also may be loaded and activated on existing
NetWare 4.1 servers without downing the server.
Procedure
To install the new DS.NLM:
1. Log into the network as ADMIN or a user with rights to
the SYS:SYSTEM of a newly installed or upgraded file
server. Locate the file SYS:\SYSTEM\DS.NLM
2. Copy the file to the SYS:SYSTEM directory of the
NetWare 4.1 file server to be upgraded and overwrite
the existing file.
3. At the file server console of the server being upgraded
(or using RCONSOLE) toggle to the system console
screen.
4. Enter the command "SET DSTRACE = *." and press <Enter>
to reload the Directory Services without downing the
server.
5. Repeat the process for each 4.1 server in the network
which may be running the older version.
VI. RUNNING A MIXED ENVIRONMENT FOR AN EXTENDED TIME
The remainder of this document applies only to customers who
plan to run NetWare 4.0x and NetWare 4.1 servers on the same
network for an extended time (weeks or months).
A number of situations could delay completion of your
upgrade. These might include:
- Circumstances which prevent you from taking certain
servers off-line, even for short periods, until
specifically scheduled.
- Organizational issues where different parts of the tree
are controlled by different people.
- Running incompatible software that might prevent
upgrading the server in a timely manner.
Although the suggested order below may be used for all
upgrades, it is very important when the upgrade will occur
over an extended time period.
A. SUGGESTED UPGRADE ORDER
1. List all servers to be upgraded and verify that you
have access rights to each one.
2. For each server, determine if any associated software
must also be upgraded.
3. For each server, list all replicas on the server,
indicating if it is a master or a read/write replica.
4. Make a list of all partitions. For each partition, list
all servers which have a replica. Note which server is
the master.
5. Note which partitions have a large number of replicas
(more than four or five). Removing these extra copies
can make the process much faster and simplify your
planning. Nevertheless, consider any fault tolerance or
bindery services issues that may exist. Add the copies
again after the upgrade is complete.
6. Starting at the BOTTOM of your tree structure, select a
partition to be upgraded. Remember that the benefits of
NetWare 4.1 are not fully realized until all servers
that hold a replica of the partition are upgraded.
7. Select a server with a read/write replica as your first
server. Using the process detailed above, run the
DSREPAIR version 2.23e to ensure that the Directory
Services data is consistent. If necessary, correct
errors and rerun DSREPAIR. Upgrade the server.
8. Upgrade the remaining servers in the partition
(running DSREPAIR first), upgrading the server
holding the master replica last. You want to maintain
the MASTER replica on a NetWare 4.0x server until all
servers are upgraded to NetWare 4.1.
9. Select another partition near the bottom of the tree
structure and upgrade all servers in that partition in
the same manner. If several partitions are at the same
level in the tree, select the one with the fewest
replicas to do first.
10. Continue working up the tree. Because servers in one
partition will likely contain replicas of another
partition base your selections so as to complete all
servers in a partition whenever possible.
11. If a server which cannot be upgraded quickly contains
the master replica of a partition, consider moving the
master replica to a different server (one which will be
maintained at NetWare 4.0x).
NOTE:
- Partitions not fully upgraded are subject to some
limitations in further partitioning (as detailed in the
"VII. Supplement to 'Introduction to NetWare Directory
Services" section.
- Servers which hold no partition replicas can be upgraded
at any time.
- NetWare 3.x servers can be upgraded to 4.1 at any time as
long as the partition to which they are being added has
been completely upgraded to NetWare 4.1.
B. EXAMPLE
In this example, each server can only be out of service
late at night on a weekend. Therefore, the upgrade would be
performed over a period of several weeks or months.
[root]
|
| | cn=A
+---- ou=ONE This plus root is a partition
| +
| | cn=F
|
|
+---- ou=THREE Containers TWO, THREE, and
| + FOUR are a partition
| | cn=C
|
|
+---- ou=TWO
+
| cn=B
|
+---- ou=FOUR
|
|
+---- ou=FIVE Container Five is a partition
+
| cn=D
| cn=E
PARTITION
SERVER ONE TWO FIVE
A R/W __ __
B M M __
C R/W R/W R/W
D __ R/W R/W
E __ R/W M
F __ __ __
Example Procedures
1. Select partition five, at the bottom of the tree.
Run DSREPAIR on server "D" and upgrade it.
NOTE: This server has a replica of partition TWO which
is now partially upgraded.
2. Move the Master of FIVE from "E" to "C" and upgrade
server "E". This only affects partition TWO and FIVE.
Upgrading server "C" would also affect partition ONE
because of the placement of the MASTER replica.
3. Perhaps upgrade "F" now, if convenient.
4. Upgrade server "C."
5. Since partition FIVE is complete, but TWO is partially
complete, next select partition TWO. (All but server
"B" have been upgraded.)
6. Move the Master replica of partition ONE from "B" to
"A." This must be done before server "B" is upgraded.
After server "B" is upgraded to NetWare 4.1, you cannot
move the MASTER replica to server "A" which is still a
NetWare 4.0x server.
7. Upgrade server "B."
8. Complete the upgrade with server "A."
NOTE: moving the master replica is only necessary if there
is any possibility that partition operations might need to
be done unexpectedly before you complete the upgrade. Once
a partition is fully upgraded there are no partition
limitations and the full benefits of 4.1 are realized.
VII. SUPPLEMENT TO "INTRODUCTION TO NETWARE DIRECTORY SERVICES"
A. PARTITIONING RULES FOR MIXED NETWARE 4.1 AND 4.0x
NETWORKS
If, when upgrading a NetWare 4.0x Directory tree to NetWare
4.1, you are unable to upgrade all servers to 4.1 at the
same time, the following partitioning rules apply to Add,
Split, Join, and Remove Partition and Change Replica Type
operations.
1. If the Master replica of a partition resides on a
NetWare 4.0x server, then all partition related
operations can be performed in a mixed environment.
2. Once the Master replica of a partition has been moved to
a 4.1 server, the Master replica cannot be moved back
to a 4.0x server. Also Add, Split, and Join partition
operations no longer works for that partition until all
servers have been upgraded to 4.1 or the 4.0x servers
containing replicas of the partition have had their
replicas removed.
3. A subtle problem occurs with Subordinate References on
4.0x servers. If a master replica of a partition
resides on a 4.1 server, the Add, Split and Join
partition operations will not work if a 4.0x server
contains a Subordinate Reference of the partition in
question.
4. The Remove Partition operation will always work
regardless of where the Master replica of the partition
exists.
5. The Change Replica Type operation will always work in a
mixed environment except in the case where the Master
replica has been moved to a 4.1 server.
In this case the master replica can only be moved to another
4.1 server.
However, any 4.0x servers with replicas of the partition can
be changed to Read Write or Read only.
The following matrix shows what partition operations are
possible in a mixed environment. The Master column
indicates the version of the server containing the master
replica of the partition.
Partition Operation Server Versions
Master 4.01 4.02 4.1
_______________________________________________________
Add Replica | 4.01 OK OK OK
| 4.02 OK OK OK
| 4.1 (NOT OK) (NOT OK) OK
Split Partition | 4.01 OK OK OK
| 4.02 OK OK OK
| 4.10 (NOT OK) (NOT OK) OK
Join Partition | 4.01 OK OK OK
| 4.02 OK OK OK
| 4.10 (NOT OK) (NOT OK) OK
Remove Partition | 4.01 OK OK OK
| 4.02 OK OK OK
| 4.10 OK OK OK
Change Replica Type | 4.01
| 4.02 ( See number 5 above)
| 4.10
B. THE DISTINGUISHED NAME OF AN OBJECT CANNOT EXCEED 256
CHARACTERS
When leaf objects are created, they are checked to ensure
that the maximum name length of the Distinguished Name is
not exceeded. However, it is possible to go back and
rename a leaf object with a longer name and cause the
Distinguished Name to exceed 256 characters.
The following is an example of a Distinguished Name:
CN=Morty Hansen.OU=Toy Sales Department.OU=Sales
Department.O=Fun Toys 4 U.C=US.TOYS_TREE
Each ".OU=" is counted in the total character count,
including the name of the NDS tree.
C. INACCURATE ILLUSTRATION OF PARTITION REPLICATION
Figures 6-2 and 6-3 in Chapter 6, of "Introduction to
NetWare Directory Services" indicate that more than one
Master replica can exist for a particular partition. The
figures should illustrate that only one Master replica can
exist per partition.
D. DSMERGE
If you merge several trees together, you will need to
reassign administrative rights to the supervisor of the
first tree.
For example, if Tree1 is merged into Tree2, which is then
merged into Tree3, the ADMIN on Tree1 loses its
administrative rights. Using the ADMIN from Tree2 or
Tree3, reassign administrative rights to ADMIN on Tree1.
================================================================
Disclaimer
Novell, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect
to the contents or use of this document, and specifically
disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability
or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Novell, Inc.
reserves the right to revise this publication and to make
changes to its content, at any time, without obligation to
notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes.
Novell, Inc., makes no representations or warranties with
respect to any NetWare software, and specifically disclaims any
express or implied warranties of merchantability, title, or
fitness for a particular purpose. Distribution of any
NetWare software is forbidden without the express written
consent of Novell, Inc.
Further, Novell reserves the right to discontinue distribution
of any NetWare software.
Novell is not responsible for lost profits or revenue, loss of
use of the software, loss of data, costs of recreating lost
data, the cost of any substitute equipment or program, or claims
by any party other than you.
Novell strongly recommends a backup be made before any software
is installed. Technical support for this software may be
provided at the discretion of Novell.
Trademarks
Novell, Inc. has attempted to supply trademark information about
company names, products, and services mentioned in this
document.
The following list of trademarks was derived from various
sources.
Novell and NetWare are registered trademarks NetWare 4.01,
NetWare 4.02, NetWare 4, NetWare Client, NetWare Directory
Services and NDS, and N.M. are trademarks of Novell, Inc.
All other products and company names are trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.