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ffield
Time Synchronization Server Types
There are four types of time servers.
- Single Reference time server
- Primary time server
- Reference time server
- Secondary time serverdary time serverrr
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ffield
Single Reference Time Server
This server determines the time for an entire network and is the sole source of time on the network, therefore, all other servers must be able to contact it.
The Single Reference time server works on networks of any size, but this configuration is used primarily for small Local Area Networks (LANs).
If you use a Single Reference time server, do not use any Primary or Reference time servers on the network.ork.
Clients
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Single Reference
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Reference Time Server
This server polls other Primary or Reference time servers to determine when time synchronization is achieved.
Use this server when it is important to have a central point to control time on the network.
Because the Reference time server must poll at least one other time server, install a Primary time server, or another Reference time server, on the same network.
Synchronize each Reference time server with an external time source.
External
Time Source
External
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PTS = Primary Time Server
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
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SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
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Secondary Time Server
This server obtains the time from a Single Reference, Primary, or Reference time server and provides the time to clients.
If one time server is designated as Single Reference, assign all other time servers on the network as Secondary. If several time servers are designated Primary or Reference, designate all other servers as Secondary.
Minimize network traffic by connecting Secondary time servers to their physically closest Primary or Reference time servers.re physically close to.
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PTS = Primary Time Server
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
PTS = Primary Time Server
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
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ffield
Primary Time Server
This server synchronizes time with at least one other Primary or Reference server, and provides the time to Secondary time servers and clients. A Primary time server polls other Primary or Reference time servers for the time.
Use this server on larger networks to increase fault tolerance by providing redundant paths for Secondary time servers. Place one in each geographically distant area to be accessed without using Wide Area Network (WAN) links. Provide at least one other Primary or Reference time server to be contacted.
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PTS = Primary Time Server
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
PTS = Primary Time Server
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
SSC = Secondary Servers and Clients
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pExit_Fb
The correct answer is shown.
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Page 10 of 23
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Is the sole source of time
on the networkkn the network.
Synchronizes time with
one or more Primary or
Reference time serversrvers. servers.
Polls Primary and Reference time servers to determine timeermine time.ronization.tion
Does not participate in determining network timeetwork time.
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Answer
ffield
Match each time server with its definition.
Drag a button to match it to the appropriate box.
Insert
search
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Secondary
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Single
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hatRevAmI
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whatRevAmI
:Lesson Book Rev 1.19
bookname
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Time Synchronization
Time Synchronization
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(gTextID
group id 11 of page id 324
ffield
Provide the plan to all the local network administrators who will install NetWare v4.0 on servers within the network so they can designate the correct time synchronization function on each server they install.
Page 13 of 23
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ptopic7
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ptopic6
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ptopic5
group id 2394 of page id 304
ptopic4
group id 2390 of page id 304
ptopic3
group id 2386 of page id 304
ptopic2
group id 2382 of page id 304
ptopic1
group id 2378 of page id 304
pColdTopics
Time standard - Network-wide,4
Server types,5
Single Reference time server,6
Primary time server,6
Polling - Primary time server,7
Fault tolerance,7
Reference time server,8
Polling - Reference time server,8
Time source - External,8
Secondary time server,9
Installation,11
INSTALL,12
Network administrators,13
Time coordination methods,14
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP),15
Custom configuration,18
Advantages - (SAP),16
Disadvantages - (SAP),17
Advantages - Custom configuration,19
Disadvantages - Custom configuration,20
pHotTopics
Overview,2
Objectives,3
Time Synchronization,4
Time Synchronization Server Types,5
Planning Network Time Synchronization,11
Choosing a Time Server Function,14
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP),15
Custom Configuration,18
Deciding on a Synchronization Method,21
Summary,22
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AgTextID
group id 1943 of page id 304
ffield
Lesson Index
Click Next to begin this lesson or click an Index button to jump to the topic of your choice.
choice.
topic1
EbButtonID
button id 2376 of page id 304
dE@EfFieldID
field id 2377 of page id 304
EvEppBounds
3405,2760,6390,3075
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OverviewgyyzXx
topic2
FpEnabled
FppBounds
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FfFieldID
field id 2381 of page id 304
0GbButtonID
button id 2380 of page id 304
bButton
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Objectives
topic3
bHVHpEnabled
HtHppBounds
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HfFieldID
field id 2385 of page id 304
HbButtonID
button id 2384 of page id 304
bButton
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Time Synchronization
topic4
IfFieldID
field id 2389 of page id 304
>J2JppEnabled
VJNJppLines
vJlJppLineHeight
JppOffset
JbButtonID
button id 2388 of page id 304
JpLines
JpEnabled
KfTextID
field id 64 of page id 154
BKppBounds
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Time Synchronization Server Types
topic5
L~LfFieldID
field id 2393 of page id 304
LppEnabled
LppLines
LppLineHeight
MppOffset
JM&MbButtonID
button id 2392 of page id 304
bMZMpLines
MtMpEnabled
MfTextID
field id 64 of page id 154
MppBounds
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Planning Network Time Synchronization
topic6
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field id 2397 of page id 304
BO6OppEnabled
ZOROppLines
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OppOffset
ObButtonID
button id 2396 of page id 304
OpLines
OpEnabled
PfTextID
field id 64 of page id 154
FPppBounds
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Choosing a Time
Server Functionnion
topic7
QfFieldID
field id 2401 of page id 304
QppEnabled
QppLines
QppLineHeight
RppOffset
NR*RbButtonID
button id 2400 of page id 304
fR^RpLines
RxRpEnabled
RfTextID
field id 64 of page id 154
RppBounds
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Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
topic8
TfFieldID
field id 2405 of page id 304
FT:TppEnabled
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TbButtonID
button id 2404 of page id 304
TpLines
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UfTextID
field id 64 of page id 154
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Custom Configuration
topic10
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Deciding on a Synchronization
Methodd
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Choosing a Time Server Function
The Single Reference, Primary, and Reference time servers are all time source servers since they provide time to the network. Secondary servers do not provide a time. They only receive a time from a time source server.
Time source servers use one of two methods to find each other and coordinate their time. The two methods are:
- Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
- Custom configurationntionnn
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
Custom
Configuration
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
Custom
Configuration
Page 14 of 23
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Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
By default, Primary, Reference, and Single Reference time servers use the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) to announce their presence on the network.
Primary and Reference time servers use the SAP information to determine what other servers to poll to determine the network time.
Secondary time servers use the SAP information to pick a time server to follow.
We're now
part of the network!
Primary Time
Server
Secondary
Server
ReferenceTime
Server
Primary Time
Server
Secondary
Server
ReferenceTime
Server
Which Primary time server should I link to??
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Advantages of SAP
An advantage of the SAP method is that it allows for quick installation without regard for the network layout.
It also allows automatic reconfiguration if operating modes are changed or if new servers are added to the network.
method is the small amount of additional network traffic that is generated.
Another disadvantage is that the SAP method can be disruptive in large network environments where "test" servers come and go, especially if the test server is configured as a time source: Single, Reference, or Primary server.
Automatic
Reconfiguration
Quick
Installation
Automatic
Reconfiguration
Quick
Installation
Page 16 of 23
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Custom Configuration
It is possible to list the specific time source servers that a particular server should contact.
It is also possible to specify that a server should not listen for SAP information from other time source servers, and that it is not to advertise its presence using SAP.
An advantage of custom configuration is that the network administrator maintains complete control of the time synchronization environment.
Also, custom configuration helps eliminate nonessential network SAP traffic, as well as errors associated with accidental reconfiguration.
the increased time required for planning and installation.
Also, it is more difficult to install or remove Primary, Reference, or Single Reference time servers on the network. You must manually change the approved server list maintained on each server.
o B \
Eliminates nonessential network SAP traffic.
Allows network administrator to maintain time control..
`@ ``
Custom
Configuration
Custom
Configuration
Eliminates nonessential network SAP traffic.
o B \
Allows network administrator to maintain time control..
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Deciding on a Synchronization Method
On small networks where it is unlikely that servers will be added or reconfigured after initial installation, it is recommended that you use the installation defaults - a Single Reference time server using SAP.
On larger networks, or on networks subject to frequent accidental reconfiguration when servers are added or removed, custom configuration is recommended.
For more information on these topics, refer to NetWare v4.0 Concepts .
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Small Network Using SAP
Larger Network with Custom Configuration
Larger Network with Custom Configuration
Small Network Using SAP
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Disadvantages of SAP
One disadvantage of the SAP method is that it affects WAN overhead. However, the additional network traffic may be outweighed by SAP's versatility.
Another disadvantage is that the SAP method can be disruptive in large network environments where "test" servers come and go, especially if the test server is configured as a Single, Reference, or Primary time server.Reference, or Primary time server.erver. "test" servers come and go, especially if the test server is configured as a time source: Single, Reference, or Primary server.
Affects WAN overhead.
Can be disruptive when many "test" servers are used.
Affects WAN overhead.
Can be disruptive when many "test" servers are used.
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Disadvantages of Custom Configuration
A disadvantage of custom configuration is the increased time required for planning and installation.
With custom configuration it is more difficult to install or remove Primary, Reference, or Single Reference time servers on the network. You must manually change the approved server list maintained on each server.ning and installation.
Also, it is more difficult to install or remove Primary, Reference, or Single Reference time servers on the network. You must manually change the approved server list maintained on each server.
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Planning Network Time Synchronization
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ffield
group id 235 of page id 318
All NetWare v4.0 servers synchronize their time with each other. The time synchronization process seeks to guarantee that all NetWare servers report the same time, to within a few seconds.
When using NetWare Directory Services (NDS), it is important to implement all modifications in the order in which they occur. Time synchronization ensures that each change to the NDS database is time stamped in order for the changes to be effected in their proper sequential order.
The goal of time synchronization, therefore, is to provide servers with the same time reference, not necessarily the correct time-of-day, although this is desirable.
le.
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Page 3 of 23
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to do the following:
- Describe time synchronization.
- Identify the four time server types.
- Describe each type of time server's function, when to
use it, and cautions in using it.
- Identify issues to consider when making a time
synchronization plan.
- Describe the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) and
custom configuration.
Given a scenario, identify the best time synchronization
plan. t time synchronization
plan.
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ffield
To plan your NetWare v4.0 network you need to know what type of time servers you require and their planned locations.
There are four types of NetWare v4.0 time servers. They are referred to as Single Reference, Primary, Reference, and Secondary time servers. All four can be configured to synchronize their time with each other to provide a consistent time frame throughout the network.
SAP and custom configuration are two methods that allow NetWare v4.0 time source servers to coordinate their time.
Proper time synchronization planning ensures that the changes made in the NDS database happen in the order in which they are received.
ived.
the changes to be effected in their proper sequential order.
The goal of time synchronization, therefore, is to provide network servers with the same time reference, not necessarily the correct time-of-day, although this is desirable.
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ffield
Time Synchronization
Time synchronization provides the capability for all NetWare v4.0 servers on a network to agree upon a standard network-wide time to within a few seconds.
As the network grows and spreads in distance, it takes longer to access information or make changes in the NDS database. Time synchronization ensures that the changes made to the NDS database happen in the order in which they are received................ changes made to the Directory happen in the order in which they are received.e received.
Let's set our network-wide time for 12:01.
Server 1
Server 1
Server 2
Server 2
Server 3
Server 3
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Planning Network Time Synchronization
When you install NetWare v4.0 on a server, you can choose the default, Single Reference, to establish the type of time services that server provides.
Or, you can designate the server as a Reference, Primary, or Secondary server. Each designation performs a particular time synchronization function.
If you do not want to use the installation default, you must know which time server function to designate on a server you are installing in order to implement a network-wide time synchronization plan.
Would you like to use the default, Single Reference?
I think
I'll designate
a server.
Page 11 of 23
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pNoAdjust
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destroy
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4665,1470,9285,6270
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To enable time synchronization in INSTALL, specify what type of time server this server will be and select your time zone.
Before you install NetWare v4.0, answer the following questions based on your network topology and your network time synchronization needs: