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8KDSRC.ARK
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2006-10-19
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This text will explain the proposed usage of an 8k DSR card.
Up to know, a full blown TI was considered a machine with
disk drive(s) and 32k memory expansion. For years the 32k
memory has served us well, but with the advent of new,
sophisticated software on the horizon, our computers could
use a little more help. I'll tell you one way we can do
that, but first, I'll describe the layout of the present 32k
memory:
>2000 through >3FFF. This 8k block of memory (refered to as
low memory) is used for assembly language program storage
while running extended basic programs that CALL LINK to
these routines. It can be used by TI Basic (with Editor
Assembler installed) to also store machine language ("c",
assembly, etc) routines. A pure machine language program
can also be loaded into this area.
>A000 through >FFFF. This 24k block of memory is known as
high memory. This is where our extended basic programs get
placed. This area can also be used by TI Basic to store
machine language programs, just like the low memory
described above. A pure machine code program normally loads
here also.
And that's it! 32k of program space period.
The 9900 CPU in our consoles can access 64k of memory,
either RAM, ROM, or a mixture. The present layout of the
computer is as follows:
>0000 through >1FFF. ROM in the console. Holds the
operating system, part of TI Basic, Keyscan routine, etc.
>2000 through >3FFF. Low 8K memory RAM.
>4000 through >5FFF. This 8k block has no memory at all.
Instead, each peripheral expansion card has a ROM (or RAM)
program called a Device Service Routine (DSR) of up to 8k in
size. This DSR is "paged" into this >4000 area when the
card (RS232, Disk Controller, etc.) is called into service
by the operating system. The CPU then runs the DSR which
supervises the operation of the hardware on that particular
card. Keep in mind that nothing but AIR is located here
when no peripheral card is being accessed.
>6000 through >7FFF. This 8k block is where our ROM or RAM
cartridges fit into the 9900's memory map. Most of our
cartridges are GROM, but AtariSoft, Extended Basic, and a
few others have ROM in their cartridges. Keep in mind that
when no ROM cartridge is installed, nothing is here except
AIR.
>8000 through >9FFF. This area of memory only contains 256
bytes of ram. It's used as a "scratchpad", a place for the
operating system to perform all it's calculations, and store
keystrokes from the user, etc. All of our memory mapped
devices, such as GROM and VDP memory are also accessed
through this area.
>A000 through >FFFF. High memory ram.
So you can see from the above memory map that TI wasted at
least 16k of memory - 8k at the >4000 area, and another 8k
at the >6000 cartridge space area. What we propose to do is
create a new definition of a "full blown" 99/4a, by
installing RAM in this 16k space.
So you say "Wait a minute, if I had ram here how would my
peripheral cards get paged in", or, "I could never run
another ROM cartridge". Almost true, but what if we could
we could "page" in our new RAM at >4000, so that it would
only be there anytime a DSR was NOT selected? It would be an
8k block of memory that was FULLY usable, just like the 8k
block at >2000. Well, we did! And it works! Now what if we
put in another 8k RAM and mapped it into the cartridge space
ONLY when ROM (or RAM) doesn't exist already? Well, we can
do that too!
So now you're thinking, "big deal, another 16k. no software
will use it, because no one knows I have it". A true
statement, and one that holds water.
But what if a peripheral card for the P-Box were available,
either as a kit, or a completed, ready to run board for a
very reasonable price? And what if a whole lot of people
bought, or built this kit? Couldn't software such as TI
Writer, PRBASE, and DM1000 be modified to utilize the extra
ram? YES IT COULD! And new software. If enough people had
this super memory card, couldn't software designers target
products for it, just as they do for a 32k market now? I
think so.
I've built the 8K DSR RAM board, and on it is 8k used as
standard, accessable ram, and another 8k ram used as a
battery backed DSR. To understand the powers of having a
battery backed DSR, just ask any Horizon Ramdisk owner about
the versatility of his ramdisk. The card also has a real
time clock, battery backed up, as with the DSR ram.
At present, I'm installing the 8k cartridge space ram, and
total outlay should be approximately $45 - $50 complete.
Bud Mills will be carrying all the parts required to build
this kit. Give him a call at 419-385-5946, or write him
at:
Bud Mills Services
166 Dartmouth Drive
Toledo, OH 43614
John Willforth is looking into making a PC board for the
project. We'll know more about this in a few weeks.
John Clulow has the documents, instructions, source code,
and some programs to accompany the project.
John Clulow
345 West South Boundary
Perrysburg, OH 43551
Telephone 419-874-8838
In the future, I hope to add another 64k of ram to the card,
using it as GROM. Yes, I think it's entirely possible to
have a Gram Simulator on this board also, for little more
than an additional $40 or so. Ask any GramKracker owner
what versatility he has!
To sum it up, with a 32k machine we can fit an elaborite
program like TI Forth in memory, but we have no more memory
left to use for data. With a 48k machine, we'll have lots.
If we ever expect to have a program such as the flight
simulators available for other computers, we need the extra
memory.
Let's upgrade!
Article by John A. Johnson, Miami Users Group.
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