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- Subject: v22i065: ELM mail syste, release 2.3, Part06/26
- Newsgroups: comp.sources.unix
- Approved: rsalz@uunet.UU.NET
- X-Checksum-Snefru: 8250de5b 90f600e8 f6d4659e 05b5850b
-
- Submitted-by: Syd Weinstein <syd@dsinc.dsi.com>
- Posting-number: Volume 22, Issue 65
- Archive-name: elm2.3/part06
-
- ---- Cut Here and unpack ----
- #!/bin/sh
- # this is part 6 of a multipart archive
- # do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
- # file doc/Ref.guide continued
- #
- CurArch=6
- if test ! -r s2_seq_.tmp
- then echo "Please unpack part 1 first!"
- exit 1; fi
- ( read Scheck
- if test "$Scheck" != $CurArch
- then echo "Please unpack part $Scheck next!"
- exit 1;
- else exit 0; fi
- ) < s2_seq_.tmp || exit 1
- echo "x - Continuing file doc/Ref.guide"
- sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> doc/Ref.guide
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'h 66p
- XDisplay the current message with all headers intact.
- XWhen you display a message with other commands,
- Xcertain header lines are formatted and others discarded (according
- Xto the \f2weedlist\fP parameter in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file).
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'i 66p
- XReturn to the index screen,
- Xwhen issued in the builtin pager or at the end of a message (with
- Xeither the builtin pager or an external pager).
- X
- X.lp "\h'24p'j or <down>, k or <up>" 66p
- XThese four keys work similarly to what they would do in \f2vi\f1 or
- Xany of the other (precious few) screen oriented
- Xprograms. The `j' and <down> keys move
- Xthe current message pointer down to the next message skipping
- Xover any marked deleted (going to
- Xthe next page if needed) and the `k' and <up> keys move the current
- Xmessage pointer back to the previous message skipping
- Xover any marked deleted (also changing pages if needed)
- X
- X.lp "\h'24p'J, K" 66p
- XThese two keys work similarly to their lower case counterparts,
- Xexcept that they don't skip over deleted messages.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'l 66p
- XLimit. This feature allows you to specify a subset of the existing
- Xmessages to be dealt with. For example, let's say we had a folder with
- Xfour hundred messages in it, about four or five different subjects. We
- Xcould then limit what we're dealing with by using the \f2limit\f1
- Xcommand. Pressing `l' would result in the prompt:
- X.nf
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ti +.5i
- XCriteria:
- X.ft 1
- X.fi
- Xto which we could answer
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- Xsubject \f2string\f1,
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- Xfrom \f2string\f1 or
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- Xto \f2string\f1. In our example, we could use
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- Xsubject programming\f1
- Xas a criteria for selection. Once we've limited our selections down,
- Xthe screen will be rewritten with just the selected messages
- Xand the top line will change to have a message
- Xlike:
- X.nf
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.tl '' Folder is "=elm" with 92 shown out of 124 [Elm 2.2]'
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X.fi
- XWe can further limit selections by entering further criteria, each
- Xtime using the \f2limit\f1 option again.
- X
- XTo clear all the criteria and get back to the `regular' display, simply
- Xenter \f2all\f1 as the limiting criteria. It should be noted that the
- Xselection based on ``to'' isn't fully implemented for this version, so
- Xit is recommended that users stay with ``subject'' and ``from'' as the
- Xbasis for their criteria.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'm 66p
- XMail. Send mail to a specified user. The prompt that is associated
- Xwith this command is `Send mail to :'. Entering an alias name results
- Xin the full address being rewritten in parenthesis immediately. This
- Xprompt is followed by `Subject:' which allows the user to title their
- Xnote. The final field is `Copies to: ', which allows other people
- Xspecified to receive "carbon copies" of the message. (See the \f2askcc\f1
- Xoption of the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file above.) Upon entering all three items the
- Xeditor is invoked and the message can be composed.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'n 66p
- XNext message that is not marked deleted:
- Xuseful for displaying successive messages in a folder.
- XWhen issued from the index screen, it displays the current message,
- Xand then when issued while in the builtin pager or at the end of a message
- X(with either the builtin pager or an external pager),
- Xit will display the first screen of the next message not marked for deletion.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'o 66p
- XOptions. This full-screen display allows you to alter the settings
- Xof a number of parameters, including the current sorting method,
- Xthe method of printing files, the calendar file, the save file, and
- Xso on. It's self-documenting (where have you heard \f2that\f1
- Xbefore?) so isn't explained in too much detail here.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'p 66p
- XPrint. This allows you to print out the current
- Xmessage or the tagged messages to a previously defined printer. (See
- Xthe section on the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 discussing the \f2print\f1 variable.)
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'q 66p
- XQuit. If you in the pager, you are returned to the index screen. If you are
- Xon the index screen, \f2elm\f1 quits altogether. However, if you have the
- Xoption \f2ask\fP set, \f2elm\f1 first prompts you for the disposition of the
- Xmessages in the current folder. If any messages are marked for deletion, it
- Xwill ask if you want them deleted. If the current folder is your incoming
- Xmailbox, you will also be asked if read messages should be stored in your
- X\f2receivedmail\f1 folder,
- Xand if unread messages should be kept in the incoming mailbox.
- XThe default answers to these questions are set by the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1
- Xoptions \f2alwaysdelete\fP, \f2alwaysstore\fP, and \f2alwayskeep\fP.
- XHowever, if you elect to not store your read messages (i.e. keep them)
- Xit is presumed you want to keep your unread messages, too.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'Q 66p
- XQuick quit. This behaves similar to the `q' command except that
- Xyou are never prompted for answers to the message disposition questions.
- X\f2Elm\f1 will dispose of messages according to the values you
- Xhave set for \f2alwaysdelete\f1, \f2alwaysstore\f1, and \f2alwayskeep\f1
- Xin your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'r 66p
- XReply. Reply to the sender of the current message. If
- Xthe \f2autocopy\f1 flag is OFF in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file, the program will
- Xprompt ``Copy message? (y/n)'' to which the user can specify
- Xwhether a copy of the source message is to be copied into the edit
- Xbuffer, or not. If copied in, all lines from the message are
- Xprepended with the \f2prefix\f1 character sequence specified in
- Xyour \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p's 66p
- XSave to folder. This command is like the `copy' command, except
- Xthat the saved messages are marked for deletion, and that if you are
- Xsaving just the current message, the current message pointer is
- Xincremented afterwards (see the \f2resolve\f1 option in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1
- Xfile above). This command expands folder names
- Xwith `~' being your home directory and `=' being your
- X\f2maildir\f1 directory, if defined. This command also allows you to
- Xuse `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder and
- X`<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p't 66p
- XTag.
- X.fn
- X4. Currently only \f2pipe\f1, \f2print\f1, and \f2save\f1 support this.
- X.ef
- XTag the current message for a later operation\s-2\u4\d\s0.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'<control>-T 66p
- XTag all messages containing the specified pattern. Since \f2tagging\f1
- Xmessages can occur on screens other than the one being viewed, the
- X\f2elm\f1 system will first check to see if any messages are currently
- X\f2tagged\f1 and ask you if you'd like to remove those tags. After
- Xthat, it will, similar to the \f2<control>-D\f1 function, prompt for
- Xa pattern to match and then mark for deletion all messages that contain
- Xthe (case insensitive) pattern in either the \f2from\f1 or \f2subject\f1
- Xlines.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'x 66p
- XExit. This leaves \f2elm\f1 discarding any changes to the mailbox.
- XIf changes are pending (such as messages marked for deletion) a prompt
- Xis made to confirm discarding the changes. If confirmed, no
- Xmessages are deleted and the statuses of messages are unchanged. That is,
- Xany messages that were new will remain new instead of being noted as old,
- Xand any messages that were read for the first time
- Xwill be again noted as unread.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'X 66p
- XExit immediately. This leaves \f2elm\f1 in the quickest possible manner
- Xwithout even prompting about discarding the changes to the mailbox.
- XNo messages are deleted and the statuses of messages are unchanged. That is,
- Xany messages that were new will remain new instead of being noted as old,
- Xand any messages that were read for the first time
- Xwill be again noted as unread.
- X
- X.in 0
- X.sp
- XWhen you are about to send of a message under the \f2forward\f1, \f2mail\f1,
- Xor \f2reply\f1 commands (see above), a small menu of the following
- Xoptions appears:
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'c 66p
- XSpecify folder for saving a copy to. This allows you to override the
- X\f2copy\f1, \f2forcename\f1 and \f2savename\f1 options
- Xof your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file. It prompts you for the name
- Xof the folder where a copy of the outgoing message is to be saved. The
- Xdefault displayed is taken from those three \f2.elm/elmrc\f1
- Xoptions and can be changed. This command also allows you to
- Xuse `>' for your \f2receivedmail\f1 folder
- Xand `<' for your \f2sentmail\f1 folder,
- Xand `=?' to mean ``conditionally save by name''
- Xand `=' to mean ``unconditionally save by name''. (See the \f2savename\f1
- Xoption above for details on saving by name.) (Since you could next enter
- Xthe \f2edit headers\f1 command and change the recipients
- Xof your message, the name of the folder under the
- Xtwo ``save by name'' options is not established until you enter the \f2send\f1
- Xcommand.) You can also enter `?' at the prompt
- Xto list the names of your folders.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'f 66p
- XForget. This gets you out of sending a message you started. If you are
- Xin send-only mode, the message is saved to the file \f2Cancelled.mail\f1
- Xin your home directory. Otherwise
- Xit can be restored at the next \f2forward\f1, \f2mail\f1,
- Xor \f2reply\f1 command during the current session of \f2elm\f1. After
- Xissuing one of those commands you will be prompted with ``Recall last
- Xkept message?''
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'e 66p
- XEdit message (or form). Entering this command will allow you to edit
- Xthe text of your message or form.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'h 66p
- XEdit headers. This puts you into the \f2header editing mode\f1, whereby
- Xyou can edit to any of the various headers of your message. Like
- Xthe options screen, it's self-documenting, so it isn't explained in too much
- Xdetail here.
- X
- X.lp \h'24p'm 66p
- XMake form. This converts the message you have edited into a form. (See
- X\f2The Elm Forms Mode Guide\f1 for more details.)
- X
- X.lp \h'24p's 66p
- XSend. This sends the message as is without any further ado.
- X.in 0
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 "Using Elm with ``editor = none''"
- X.sp
- XThe \f2Elm\f1 program also supports a builtin editor for simple message
- Xcomposition that is very (very) similar to the simple line
- Xeditor available from the \f2Berkeley Mail\f1 system.
- X
- XTo access it, you need merely to specify ``\f2editor=none\f1'' in
- Xyour \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file.
- XWith that, any messages to be composed
- Xthat don't already have text in the buffer (e.g. no reply with
- Xthe text included, etc), will use this editor.
- X.sp
- XFrom the builtin editor, the following options are available for use.
- XEach command here is prefixed with a `~'.
- XYou can specify a different ``escape'' character in your \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file,
- Xif you desire (see above).
- X.sp
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~? .5i
- XPrint a brief help menu.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~b .5i
- XChange the Blind-Carbon-Copy list.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~c .5i
- XChange the Carbon-Copy list.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~e .5i
- XInvoke the Emacs editor on the message, if possible.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~f .5i
- XAdd the specified message or current message.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~h .5i
- XChange all the available headers (To, Cc, Bcc, and Subject).
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~m .5i
- XSame as `~f', but with the current `prefix'.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~o .5i
- XInvoke a user specified editor on the message.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~p .5i
- XPrint out the message as typed in so far.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~r .5i
- XInclude (read in) the contents of the specified file.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~s .5i
- XChange the Subject line.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~t .5i
- XChange the To list.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~v .5i
- XInvoke the Vi visual editor on the message.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~< .5i
- XExecute the specified unix command, entering the output
- Xof the command into the editor buffer upon completion.
- X(For example ``~< who'' will include the output of
- Xthe \f2who\f1 command in your message.)
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~! .5i
- XExecute a unix command if one is given (as in ``~!ls'') or
- Xgive the user a shell (either from their shell setting in
- Xtheir \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file or the default).
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'~~ .5i
- XAdd a line prefixed by a single `~' character.
- X.in 0
- X.sp
- XA useful note is that the `~f' and `~m' commands invoke the \f2readmsg\f1
- Xcommand, so you can pass parameters along too. For example, if we
- Xwanted to include a message from Joe, without any headers, prefixed,
- Xwe could use:
- X.nf
- X.ti .5i
- X~m -n Joe
- X.fi
- Xto accomplish the task.
- X
- XTo learn more about how they work, try 'em!
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 The Alias System
- X.sp
- XAs mentioned previously, there exists in the \f2elm\f1
- Xsystem a set of aliases that associate
- Xan arbitrary word (such as a persons name) to a complex address or group.
- XThe advantages are readily apparent; rather than
- Xremembering an address of the form:
- X.nf
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ti .5i
- Xhost1!host2! ... !hostN!user
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.fi
- Xthe user merely has to remember a single word.
- X
- XTwo alias tables are available for a each
- Xuser within \f2elm\f1,
- Xnamely the system alias file and the user's alias file. The
- Xsystem alias file is created and maintained (by the system administrator)
- Xby editing the
- Xfile \f2SYSTEM_ALIASES\f1 as defined in the `sysdefs.h' file
- X(see \f2The Elm Configuration Guide\f1) and as described
- Xin the documentation with the \f2newalias\f1 command,
- Xthen running the \f2newalias\f1 program.
- X
- XAn individual user can also have an alias file which works
- Xin conjunction with the system aliases. To do this, they
- Xneed merely to peruse the documentation for the \f2newalias\f1
- Xcommand and create a file as indicated therein. After
- Xexecuting the program, the aliases will be available
- Xfor using from within \f2elm\f1.
- X.sp
- XPlease refer to \f2The Elm Alias Users Guide\f1 for more helpful
- Xhints and so on.
- X.sp 2
- XWithin \f2elm\f1,
- Xhowever, the alias system acts as an entirely different program, with
- Xit's own commands and own mini-menu. The menu replaces the
- Xstandard mini-menu with:
- X.sp
- X.sd
- X.nf
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ce
- X--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- X.sp
- X.ce
- XAlias commands
- X.sp
- X.ce 2
- Xa)lias current message, d)elete an alias, check a p)erson or s)ystem,
- Xl)ist existing aliases, m)ake new alias or r)eturn
- X.sp 2
- XAlias: @
- X.ce
- X--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- X.sp
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X.ed
- X.fi
- X
- XThe commands are:
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'a .5i
- XAlias current message.
- XThis allows the user to create an alias that has the
- Xreturn address of the current message as the address field of
- Xthe alias. It prompts for a unique alias name. Important
- Xnote: when you alias an address in this fashion, the mailer
- Xwill try to minimize the amount it needs to store by
- Xiteratively comparing machine names in the path with the
- Xmachines in the pathalias database. Once it finds an entry
- Xthe address will be saved at that point. For further
- Xinformation, please see \f2The Elm Alias System Users Guide\f1.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'd .5i
- XDelete an existing alias.
- XThis allows the user to delete an alias the user has previously made.
- XIt prompts for the alias name, and displays the alias information, if
- Xfound, and then prompts for confirmation to delete.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'l .5i
- XList all existing aliases.
- XThis simply lists all the aliases you have previously made.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'm .5i
- XMake user alias. This will prompt for a unique alias name and
- Xthen for an address. The information provided will be added
- Xto your individual aliases.text file (\f2$HOME/.elm/aliases.text\f1) and
- Xthen added to the database.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'p .5i
- XCheck personal alias. This is a simple way of checking what is in the alias
- Xdatabase \(em it prompts for an alias name, and returns the address
- Xassociated with that name or the error message `alias not found'
- Xas appropriate.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p'r .5i
- XReturn. Return to the main level of the \f2elm\f1 program.
- X
- X.lp \h'16p's .5i
- XCheck system alias. If you're not sure that your machine can talk
- Xto another machine, you can use this command to either find the
- Xappropriate route or find that you're correct in your suspicions
- Xand it is indeed unknown!
- X.in 0
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 While We're Talking Aliases...
- X
- XAnother feature worthy of discussion, since it's been getting
- Xlots of veiled references throughout this document, is the
- Xhost-path file. This is implemented using the uucp pathalias
- Xdatabase, with a file containing lines with the format:
- X.nf
- X.ti .5i
- X\f2hostname\f1 \f2address\f(CW!%s\f1
- X or
- X.ti .5i
- X\f2hostname\f1 \f(CW%s@\f2hostname\f1
- X.fi
- XThe actual details of the file are located in
- X\f2The Alias System Users Guide\f1.
- X
- XAnyway, to use them is quite simple...when specifying the address
- Xof someone, you can either have an alias for them already, reply
- Xto their message, or use the system alias feature!
- X
- XEnough hype, right? Okay...to use this feature, you specify an
- Xaddress by either "machine!person" ignoring if your specific
- Xmachine can talk directly to the machine specified, or, if you
- Xprefer the Internet addressing scheme, "person@machine". When
- Xyou enter the address as specified, the mailer will quickly
- Xsearch through the pathalias database file and expand the
- Xspecified address to be a legitimate routing address.
- X
- XWhat's really nice about this is that the address that we're
- Xgoing to send to can be either on ARPA, CSNET, BITNET, uucp,
- Xor any other network. The method of specifying the basic
- Xaddress is the same regardless!
- X
- XFor example, mail to me could be sent as either "hplabs!taylor"
- Xor "taylor@hplabs". \f2elm\f1 will expand them
- Xboth in the same manner and include a ``route'' to the
- Xmachine \f2hplabs\f1, if needed.
- X
- XFor those sites with the domains database installed, you can
- Xalso mail to users on domain based systems by simply specifying
- Xtheir name, the machine they receive mail on and a full domain
- Xspecification.
- X
- XFor example, say you have a friend Maurice who reads mail
- Xon \s9JOEVAX\s10 in the Mailnet world. You could mail to him by using
- Xthe address "Maurice@\s9JOEVAX.MAILNET\s10" and your system will
- Xexpand the address correctly.
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 Expert Mail Users and Debugging the Mailer
- X
- XThere are some additional facilities available in the \f2elm\f1
- Xmailer for those people who are knowledgeable about
- Xmail protocols, or trying to debug/track down a problem.
- X
- XThe `h' \f2headers\f1 command at the outermost level of the mailer
- Xwill display the current message ignoring the current
- Xsetting of the `weed' option. This is most useful
- Xfor answering questions of the form "I wonder what
- Xthis guy put in his header?" and such. This command
- Xdoes not show up on the mini-menu because it is somewhat
- Xesoteric, but it does appear on the `?' help screen (can
- Xyou find it there, though?).
- X
- XThe `@' command at the outermost level of the mailer
- Xwill output a screen of debugging information,
- Xincluding the number of lines and
- Xoffsets of each of the messages in the current mailbox.
- X
- XThe `#' command at the outermost level of the mailer
- Xwill display the entire stored `record structure' for
- Xthe current message.
- X
- XThe `%' command
- Xwill display the full computed return address of the
- Xcurrent message.
- X
- XStarting up \f2elm\f1 with the "-d" debug option will create a file called
- X\f2ELM:debug.info\f1 in your home directory and contain a wealth of useful
- Xinformation (to me, at least!) to aid in tracking down
- Xwhat errors are occurring and why.
- X.sp
- X
- XIf there are any problems with the mailer, please try
- Xto recreate the error with the debug option enabled
- Xand set to the highest level (11) before sending defect reports my way.
- X.sp 3
- XOne final note: all error names reported by the program
- Xare documented in the AT&T System V Interface Definition Reference
- XManual in \f2errno\f1(2).
- SHAR_EOF
- echo "File doc/Ref.guide is complete"
- chmod 0444 doc/Ref.guide || echo "restore of doc/Ref.guide fails"
- echo "x - extracting doc/Users.guide (Text)"
- sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > doc/Users.guide &&
- X.\" @(#)$Id: Users.guide,v 4.1 90/04/28 22:41:16 syd Exp $
- X.\"
- X.\" Users guide to the ELM mail system.
- X.\" format with:
- X.\" 'tbl Users.guide | troff tmac.n - > Users.fmtd'
- X.\"
- X.\" Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, suggestions, flames
- X.\" etc. should go to:
- X.\" Syd Weinstein elm@DSI.COM (dsinc!elm)
- X.\"
- X.\" (C) Copyright 1986, 1987 Dave Taylor
- X.\" (C) Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990 Usenet Community Trust
- X.\"
- X.\" $Log: Users.guide,v $
- X.\" Revision 4.1 90/04/28 22:41:16 syd
- X.\" checkin of Elm 2.3 as of Release PL0
- X.\"
- X.\"
- X.tm I trust we've run this through "tbl" first...
- X.\" Define the big box macro for troff
- X.de eb
- X.sp -1
- X.nf
- X.ie t \{\
- X\h'-.5n'\L'|\\nau-1'\l'\\n(.lu+1n\(ul'\L'-|\\nau+1'\l'|0u-.5n\(ul'
- X.\}
- X.el \{\
- X\h'-.5n'\l'\\n(.lu+1n'
- X.\}
- X.fi
- X..
- X.po 1i
- X.ds h0
- X.ds h1
- X.ds h2
- X.ds f0
- X.ds f1
- X.ds f2
- X.nr Hy 1
- X.nr Pt 1
- X.nr Pi 0
- X.lg 0
- X.nf
- X.na
- X.rs
- X.za
- X.\" This will keep the nroff version of the title page on one sheet.
- X.if t .sv |2.0i
- X.ce 99
- X.ps 20
- X.ss 18
- X.vs 12
- X\f3The Elm Users Guide\f1
- X.sp 3
- X.ps 12
- X.ss 14
- X.vs 14
- X\f2A painless introduction to electronic mail
- Xusing the \f3Elm\fP mail system\f1
- X.sp 2
- XDave Taylor
- X.sp
- XHewlett-Packard Laboratories
- X1501 Page Mill Road
- XPalo Alto CA
- X94304
- X.sp 3
- Xemail: taylor\s10@\s12hplabs.HP.COM or hplabs!taylor
- X.sp 3
- X>>> Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, etc. to: <<<
- X.sp
- XSyd Weinstein
- XDatacomp Systems, Inc.
- X3837 Byron Road
- XHuntingdon Valley, PA 19006-2320
- X.sp
- Xemail: elm\s-1@\s+1DSI.COM or dsinc\s-1!\s+1elm
- X.fi
- X.ad
- X.ps 8
- X.if t .vs 9
- X.sp 4
- X\f3ABSTRACT\f1
- X.ce 0
- X.sp
- X.in +1i
- X.ll -1i
- XWhile various Unix utilities have been designed to
- Xtake advantage of the CRT screen
- X(rather than line-oriented systems)
- Xelectronic mail systems haven't ``caught the wave''.
- XThis document
- Xpresents \f2Elm\f1, a sophisticated
- Xfull-screen mail system for interactive use.
- X\f2Elm\f1 offers all the features of
- X\f2/bin/mail\f1, \f2Berkeley Mail\f1, \f2uumail\f1, \f2NMail\f1 and
- Xthe AT&T Mail family of Unix mailers (namely \f2PMX/TERM\f1) in a
- Xunified and intuitive fashion.
- X.ll +1i
- X.in -1i
- X.if t .sp 3
- X.if n .sp 2
- X.ce 2
- X.ps 18
- X.if t .vs 14
- X\f3\(co\f1\s12 Copyright 1986, 1987 by Dave Taylor
- X.ps 18
- X\f3\(co\f1\s12 Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990 by The USENET Community Trust
- X.ps 10
- X.ss 12
- X.vs 12
- X.bp 1
- X.sv 5v
- X.ce 99
- X.ps 14
- X\f3Elm Users Guide\f1
- X.ds h0 "Elm Users Guide
- X.ds h1
- X.ds h2 "Version 2.3
- X.ds f0 "May 1, 1990
- X.ds f1 "Page %
- X.ps 10
- X.sp
- X(Version 2.3)
- X.sp 2
- XDave Taylor
- XHewlett-Packard Laboratories
- X1501 Page Mill Road
- XPalo Alto CA
- X94304
- X.sp
- Xemail: taylor\s-1@\s+1hplabs.HP.COM or hplabs\s-1!\s+1taylor
- X.sp 2
- X>>> Elm is now in the public trust. Bug reports, comments, etc. to: <<<
- X.sp
- XSyd Weinstein
- XDatacomp Systems, Inc.
- X3837 Byron Road
- XHuntingdon Valley, PA 19006-2320
- X.sp
- Xemail: elm\s-1@\s+1DSI.COM or dsinc\s-1!\s+1elm
- X.sp 2
- XMay 1, 1990
- X.ce 0
- X.sp 3
- X.hn 1 Introduction
- X
- XThe
- X.ux
- Xoperating system was originally written on a small PDP machine,
- Xto work with teletypewriters. Consequently, all the original software for
- Xthe operating system was written with a `tty' in mind;
- Xwith line oriented interfaces, rather than screen oriented.
- X
- XGradually this began to change, and, with the addition of the Berkeley \f2vi\f1
- Xvisual shell to the \f2ed\f1
- Xline editor, the trend began to be brought to the attention of
- XUnix systems designers.
- XAnd yet, this transition has seemed
- Xtoo subtle for many software engineers,
- Xand so precious few Unix programs are available
- Xdesigned to exploit the entire CRT screen.
- X
- XConsequently, after becoming more and more disenchanted
- Xwith the existing electronic mail facilities (\f2binmail\f1
- Xand \f2Berkeley Mail\f1)
- XI decided to undertake creating my own system.
- XOnce the ball was rolling it became quite
- Xdifficult not to keep enhancing it, especially as I
- Xbecame more and more familiar with various different mail
- Xsystems, but the result, I hope, is a solid, unified interface
- Xto electronic mail suitable for almost any environment.
- X
- XOne thing that sets \f3The Elm Mail System\f1 off from
- Xother packages is that it
- Xcomes with an extensive documentation set, including;
- X\f2The Elm Users Guide\f1, which you're holding,
- X\f2The Elm Reference Guide\f1,
- X\f2The Elm Alias Users Guide\f1,
- X\f2The Elm Filter System Users Guide\f1,
- X\f2The Elm Forms Mode Guide\f1,
- Xand \f2The Elm Configuration Guide\f1.
- XThe names of each indicate
- Xwhat they discuss (not unreasonably).
- X
- XThis particular document contains;
- Xthis introduction, a tutorial session with the mailer, a
- Xdiscussion of non-interactive uses of \f3Elm\f1,
- Xa brief foray into the \f3Elm\f1 utilities,
- Xand finally, credits and references.
- X
- X\f2The Elm Reference Guide\f1 contains a
- Xmuch more indepth discussion of all the possible options
- Xavailable within the \f3Elm\f1 environment, including
- Xthe \f2``.elm/elmrc''\f1 file,
- Xthe available outbound mail processing features,
- Xa section for expert users, suggestions
- Xon debugging strange installations, and
- Xmany other useful topics.
- X
- X\f2The Elm Alias Users Guide\f1 is the place
- Xto go to learn about the format of the
- X``.elm/aliases.text''
- Xfile and the associated data files, to learn how
- Xto create and use path route aliases and domain
- Xbased alias routing, system aliases, and other
- Xrelated topics.
- X
- XOne of the more innovative features of \f3Elm\f1 is
- Xthe ability to transmit and receive ``forms'' (as
- Xdefined by the AT&T Mail system). To learn about
- Xhow to create and reply to forms you should refer
- Xto \f2The Elm Forms Mode Guide\f1.
- X
- XIf you find yourself getting too much mail delivered in
- Xyour mailbox, you might be a good candidate for the
- X\f2filter\f1 program. To learn more about what
- Xthis program is and how to use it please
- Xconsult \f2The Elm Filter System Users Guide\f1.
- X
- XFinally, if you're working with the actual source code
- Xand are interested in what all the locally configured
- Xoptions are and mean, please see
- X\f2The Elm Configuration Guide\f1. It is
- Xstrongly suggested that all system administrators
- Xand people installing the system print out the
- Xlocal ``sysdefs.h'' file and have it handy while
- Xreading the configuration guide.
- X
- XThe recommended order of learning the \f3Elm\f1
- Xsystem is to skim this guide until you feel
- Xconfident enough to start up the program. Once
- Xthat's reached, \f2use it!\f1 Soon you'll find
- Xareas that you need to expand into, and you can
- Xachieve that by going into the \f2o)ptions\f1
- Xscreen within \f2elm\f1 and changing your
- Xuser level accordingly.
- XAfter a while, sit down again and read through this
- Xguide. You should have a couple of ``aha!'' intuitive
- Xflashes. After another period of time, you're
- Xready to delve into the real power of the system
- Xand read the reference guide. The other manuals
- Xshould be read as the need arises.
- X
- XIn any case, the system should be useable without reading
- X\f2any\f1 of the documentation!
- X
- XAny comments or problems with any of the documentation or the program
- Xitself are welcome; if you can't get electronic mail to me, please
- Xfeel free instead to drop me a note via the overland mail address
- Xin the title page.
- X.br
- X.ne 20
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 The Main System
- X
- XUpon entry to the program, the main screen will be
- Xdisplayed as below;
- X
- X.\" display start, constant width, remember loc for BOX
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.mk a
- X.mk a
- X.sp
- X.ce
- XMailbox is '/usr/mail/mymail' with 15 messages [Elm 2.2]
- X.TS
- Xr l n l l l l.
- X -> N 1 Apr 24 Larry Fenske (49) Hello there
- X N 2 Apr 24 jad@hpcnoe (84) Chico? Why go there?
- X E 3 Apr 23 Carl Smith (53) Dinner tonight?
- X NU 4 Apr 18 Don Knuth (354) Your version of TeX...
- X N 5 Apr 18 games (26) Bug in cribbage game
- X A 6 Apr 15 kevin (27) More software requests
- X 7 Apr 13 John Jacobs (194) How can you hate RUSH?
- X U 8 Apr 8 decvax!mouse (68) Re: your Usenet article
- X 9 Apr 6 root (7)
- X O 10 Apr 5 root (13)
- X.TE
- X.sp
- X.ce 3
- XYou can use any of the following commands by pressing the first character;
- Xd)elete or u)ndelete mail, m)ail a message, r)eply or f)orward mail, q)uit
- XTo read a message, press <return>. j = move down, k = move up, ? = help
- X Command : @
- X.sp
- X.\" draw box, proportional Roman font back, display end
- X.eb
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X
- XThere are a number of things to notice about this, the main screen;
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XMost likely, on your computer the message currently ``active'' will be
- Xdisplayed in an inverse bar rather than being delimited by the two
- Xcharacter arrow as here. It's nothing to worry about; displaying
- Xinverse video is just quite difficult on printable guides!
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe first line on the screen always displays the name of the current folder,
- Xthe number of messages in the folder, and the current \f3Elm\f1 version number.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe arrow (``->'') or inverse video bar will always
- Xindicate which is the current message.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe first field that appears associated with each message is
- Xthe status field. This can be blank (as with most of the
- Xones above, or can have any combination of the following:
- X
- XThe first character signifies temporary status:
- X
- X.ta .75iC 102p
- X.nf
- X E for an \f2expired\f1 message
- X N for a \f2new\f1 message
- X O for an \f2old\f1 (i.e. not new but not read) message
- X D for a \f2deleted\f1 message
- X
- XThe second character which signifies permanent status:
- X
- X U for \f2urgent\f1 mail
- X A for messages that have an \f2action\f1 associated with them
- X F for a \f2form\f1 letter
- X.fi
- X
- XThe third character of the status field can be a ``+'' to
- Xindicate that the message is \f2tagged\f1 too.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XContinuing from left to right, the next field is the message
- Xnumber. For the most part you can ignore these unless you want
- Xto quickly move to a specific message (as we'll see later).
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe date associated with each message is typically
- Xthe date the person actually \f2sent\f1 the message.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe next field displayed indicates whom the message is from.
- X\f3Elm\f1 will try to display the \f2full name\f1 of the person who
- Xsent the message, rather than the their return address or computer login.
- XSome systems don't generate the correct headers, though, hence
- Xmessages like numbers 2 and 8, where it's their return address.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe number in parentheses is the total number of lines in the message.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe final field is the subject of the message. Notice
- Xthat messages might not have any subject, as in messages #9 and #10.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XA maximum of ten messages are displayed at one time\s-2\u1\d\s0.
- X.fn
- X1. On screens with greater than 25 lines, more messages will be
- Xdisplayed automatically. Further, if you choose to turn off
- Xthe Menu display, you can have an even greater number
- Xdisplayed.
- X.ef
- XFurther into the document we'll learn how to change ``pages'' in the folder.
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XThe three line Menu display will always
- Xindicate the relevant commands. There are actually two possible
- Xmenus that can be displayed, based
- Xon the \f2user level\f1 as set from either the o)ptions screen or
- Xthe \f2.elm/elmrc\f1
- Xfile. The alternate menu, for more advanced users,
- Xlists more options;
- X.sp
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.ce 3
- X|=pipe, !=shell, ?=help, <n>=set current to n, /=search pattern
- Xa)lias, C)copy, c)hange folder, d)elete, e)dit, f)orward, g)roup reply, m)ail,
- Xn)ext, o)ptions, p)rint, r)eply, s)ave, t)ag, q)uit, u)ndelete, or e(x)it
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X
- X.lp \h'12p'\(bu 20p
- XFinally, the '@' character indicates where the cursor would be, awaiting
- Xyour input.
- X
- X.sp
- X.in 0
- XThe typical action at this point is to use the \f2<return>\f1
- Xkey to read the current message, which will clear the
- Xscreen and display the current message:
- X
- X.ne 10
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.mk a
- X.tl ' Message 1/15 from Larry Fenske''Apr 24 \'87 at 8:45 pm'
- X.tl ''Hello there''
- X.nf
- X Dave,
- X Just wanted to drop you a brief note to see what was going on with
- X you this afternoon. Life here has been the usual fun and games...
- X Ah well, off to the great wilds beyond the desk!
- X Larry
- X Command ('i' to return to index): @
- X.fi
- X.eb
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X
- XBefore we go further with our example, however, let's very
- Xquickly look at all the functions available from the main
- Xscreen:
- X.\" ensure we get a reasonable chunk of this table on the page...
- X.br
- X.ne 10
- X.lp \h'18p'\f3Command 90p
- XAction\f1
- X
- X.lp "\h'18p'<return> or <space>" 90p
- XRead current message.
- X.lp \h'18p'| 90p
- XPipe current message or tagged messages to specified system command.
- X.lp \h'18p'! 90p
- XShell escape.
- X.lp \h'18p'$ 90p
- XResynchronize folder.
- X.lp \h'18p'? 90p
- XHelp mode \(em any key pressed will be explained.
- X.lp "\h'18p'+ or <right>" 90p
- XDisplay next page of headers.
- X.lp "\h'18p'- or <left>" 90p
- XDisplay previous page of headers.
- X.lp \h'18p'= 90p
- XSet current message to 1.
- X.lp \h'18p'* 90p
- XSet current to last message.
- X.lp \h'18p'<number><return> 90p
- XSet current message to number \f2number\f1.
- X.lp \h'18p'/ 90p
- XSearch for pattern in subject/from lines.
- X.lp \h'18p'// 90p
- XSearch for pattern in entire folder.
- X.lp \h'18p'< 90p
- XScan message for calendar entries.\s-2\u2\d\s0
- X.fn
- X2. Some sites might opt not to have the calendar feature available.
- X.ef
- X.lp \h'18p'> 90p
- XA synonym for `s' \(em \f2save\f1 message or messages.
- X.sp
- X.lp \h'18p'a 90p
- XAlias, change to ``alias'' mode.
- X.lp \h'18p'b 90p
- XBounce \(em remail message [see \f2f \(em forward\f1 too].
- X.lp \h'18p'C 90p
- XCopy current message or tagged messages to folder.
- X.lp \h'18p'c 90p
- XChange to another folder.
- X.lp \h'18p'd 90p
- XDelete current message.
- X.lp \h'18p'<control>-D 90p
- XDelete all messages matching specified pattern.
- X.lp \h'18p'e 90p
- XEdit current folder, resyncing upon reentry.\s-2\u3\d\s0
- X.fn
- X3. Some sites might opt not to have the edit folder feature available.
- X.ef
- X.lp \h'18p'f 90p
- XForward message to specified user.\s-2\u4\d\s0
- X.fn
- X4. The difference between \f2Forward\f1 and \f2Bounce\f1 is rather
- Xsubtle \(em a forwarded message is ``from'' you, with the
- Xoriginal message included, whereas a bounced message
- Xis still from the original sender.
- X.ef
- X.lp \h'18p'g 90p
- XGroup reply \(em reply to everyone who received the current message.
- X.lp \h'18p'h 90p
- XDisplay message with headers.
- X.lp \h'18p'J 90p
- XSet current to next message.
- X.lp "\h'18p'j or <down>" 90p
- XSet current to next message not marked deleted.
- X.lp \h'18p'K 90p
- XSet current to previous message.
- X.lp "\h'18p'k or <up>" 90p
- XSet current to previous message not marked deleted.
- X.lp \h'18p'l 90p
- XLimit displayed messages based on the specified criteria.
- X.lp \h'18p'<control>-L 90p
- XRewrite screen.
- X.lp \h'18p'm 90p
- XMail to arbitrary user(s).
- X.lp \h'18p'n 90p
- XRead current message, then increment to next message not marked deleted.
- X.lp \h'18p'o 90p
- XAlter current system options.
- X.lp \h'18p'p 90p
- XPrint current message or tagged messages.
- X.lp \h'18p'q 90p
- XQuit \(em maybe prompting for messages to delete, store, or keep.
- X.lp \h'18p'Q 90p
- XQuick quit \(em like quit but without prompting.
- X.lp \h'18p'<control>-Q 90p
- XExit immediately \(em don't record as read, don't save...
- X.lp \h'18p'r 90p
- XReply to the author of current message.
- X.lp \h'18p's 90p
- XSave current message or tagged messages to folder.
- X.lp \h'18p't 90p
- XTag current message.
- X.lp \h'18p'<control>-T 90p
- XTag all messages matching specified pattern.
- X.lp \h'18p'u 90p
- XUndelete current message.
- X.lp \h'18p'<control>-U 90p
- XUndelete all messages matching specified pattern.
- X.lp \h'18p'x 90p
- XExit \(em prompt if mailbox changed, don't record as read, don't save...
- X.lp \h'18p'X 90p
- XExit immediately \(em don't record as read, don't save...
- X.in 0
- X.\" again, make sure we start on a new page please
- X.br
- X.ne 10
- XBut let's go back to our example and see some of this at
- Xwork, shall we?
- X.sp
- XWe were reading the message from Larry and the screen looked
- Xlike:
- X
- X.ne 10
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.mk a
- X.tl ' Message 1/15 from Larry Fenske''Apr 24 \'87 at 8:45 pm'
- X.tl ''Hello there''
- X.nf
- X Dave,
- X Just wanted to drop you a brief note to see what was going on with
- X you this afternoon. Life here has been the usual fun and games...
- X Ah well, off to the great wilds beyond the desk!
- X Larry
- X Command ('i' to return to index): @
- X.fi
- X.eb
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X
- XFrom this point let's go ahead and reply to the message. To
- Xdo this, we can use the \f2reply\f1 command...
- XTo do this, we type ``r'' and the last few lines change to
- Xsomething like:
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.sp
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: Reply to message''Copy message (y/n) ? @ '
- X.sp 2
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- XTo which we decide that we don't need the text of this message in
- Xour new one, so we reply \f2no\f1 by pressing the ``n'' key. The
- Xbottom part of the window then changes to:
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.sp
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: Reply to message''To: Larry Fenske '
- X.tl 'Subject: Re: Hello there@''
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp 2
- Xat this point we can either decide to enter a new subject (you could
- Xuse either \f2backup word\f1 (<control>-W) or \f2backup line\f1 (this
- Xis the same as your `line kill' character, <control>-X or <control>-U
- Xusually)) or go with this one by pressing \f2<return>\f1. We'll
- Xjust leave it as it is and press \f2<return>\f1, changing the
- Xscreen to:
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.sp
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: reply to message''To: Larry Fenske '
- X.tl 'Subject: Re: Hello there''
- X.tl 'Copies to: @'''
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X.sp
- XThere's no one we want to have receive copies of this message, so we'll
- Xjust press \f2<return>\f1 again to indicate this.
- X
- XOnce you've answered these questions the program will put you into
- Xyour favorite editor and let you compose a response. When you're
- Xdone it then asks:
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.sp
- X.tl ''-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Please choose one of the following options by parenthesized letter: @'''
- X.tl ''e)dit message, edit h)eaders, s)end it, or f)orget it.''
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp
- XSince we're just interested in sending the message out, we'll
- Xchoose the \f2send\f1 option and press ``s''. The program
- Xthen sends the message, indicating that by the line below
- Xsaying:
- X.sp
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X Sending mail...
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp
- Xthen putting at the bottom of the screen ``Mail sent!'' and giving us
- Xthe prompt:
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.sp
- X.tl ''-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command:''(Use \'i\' to return to index.)''
- X.sp
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- XPretty easy, isn't it? Let's continue by going back to the main
- Xscreen by requesting \f2index\f1: pressing the ``i'' key. The
- Xscreen is then:
- X
- X.ne 20
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.mk a
- X.mk a
- X.sp
- X.ce
- XMailbox is '/usr/mail/mymail' with 15 messages [Elm 2.2]
- X.TS
- Xr l r l l l l.
- X -> 1 Apr 24 Larry Fenske (49) Hello there
- X N 2 Apr 24 jad@hpcnoe (84) Chico? Why go there?
- X E 3 Apr 23 Carl Smith (53) Dinner tonight?
- X NU 4 Apr 18 Don Knuth (354) Your version of TeX...
- X N 5 Apr 18 games (26) Bug in cribbage game
- X A 6 Apr 15 kevin (27) More software requests
- X 7 Apr 13 John Jacobs (194) How can you hate RUSH?
- X U 8 Apr 8 decvax!mouse (68) Re: your Usenet article
- X 9 Apr 6 root (7)
- X O 10 Apr 5 root (13)
- X.TE
- X.sp
- X.ce 3
- XYou can use any of the following commands by pressing the first character;
- Xd)elete or u)ndelete mail, m)ail a message, r)eply or f)orward mail, q)uit
- XTo read a message, press <return>. j = move down, k = move up, ? = help
- X Command : @
- X.sp
- X.\" draw box, proportional Roman font back, display end
- X.eb
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X
- X.ft 1
- XNotice that the first message is no longer marked as \f2new\f1
- Xsince we've now read it.
- X.sp
- XLet's go ahead and read the message from kevin (message #6) since
- Xit has some sort of \f2action\f1 associated with it anyway. To
- Xdo this, we simply press the ``6'' key, which will change the
- Xbottom of the screen to:
- X.sp
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.tl 'Command: New Current Message''Set current message to : 6@'
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp
- XWe'll just press \f2<return>\f1 to move the active message
- Xpointer (the arrow).
- X.sp
- XNow we're pointing at the new message, so let's go ahead and read
- Xit by pressing \f2<return>\f1 again, giving us:
- X
- X.ne 10
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.mk a
- X.tl ' Message 6/15 from kevin''Apr 15 \'87 at 11:36 am'
- X.tl ''More software requests''
- X Action: please acknowledge receipt
- X I don't suppose you have a nifty netnews reader around too, do you??
- X --
- X kevin
- X Command ('i' to return to index): @
- X.eb
- X.sp
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- XWell, it turns out that we don't, but a friend of ours does, so
- Xlet's \f2forward\f1 the message to them by pressing ``f'':
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.sp
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: Forward message''Edit outgoing message (y/n) ? @ '
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp 2
- XNo need to edit it, so let's answer \f2no\f1 with ``n'':
- X.sp
- X.ps 9
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: Forward message''Edit outgoing message (y/n) ? No '
- X.tl 'To: @'''
- X.ps 10
- X.ft 1
- X.sp
- XWe type in the address of the person we're forwarding to (in
- Xthis case
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- Xusenet\f1) and press
- X\f2<return>\f1:
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X.sp
- X.tl '-------------------------------------------------------------------------------''
- X.tl 'Command: Forward message''To: usenet '
- X.tl 'Subject: More software requests (fwd)@'
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X.sp
- XTo which we again press \f2<return>\f1 to take the default subject.
- X\f3Elm\f1 asks for any possible copy recipients, asks us if we're
- Xsure we want to send it, and shoots it off.
- X.sp
- XEnough mail for now, however, so we just \f2exit\f1 by pressing
- Xthe ``x'' key and the program drops us back into our shell.
- X.sp 2
- XAs you can see, it's quite easy to use the \f3Elm\f1 system, so
- Xrather than continue with our example, let's
- Xlook at some other aspects of the program.
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 Non-Interactive Uses of Elm
- X
- XBefore we go ahead and discuss the \f3Elm\f1 utilities, it's worth
- Xnoting that
- Xthere are a couple of other ways to use the main mail
- Xsystem, namely to `send only' and to send files (batchmail).
- X
- XTo send a message to someone without any of the associated
- Xoverhead of reading in a mail folder, you can invoke the
- Xmailer with the name(s) of the people to send to. For example:
- X.nf
- X $ \f3elm dave_taylor\f1
- X.fi
- XThe
- Xmailer will then prompt for Subject, Copies, and then drop
- Xyou in your editor (defined in the \f2.elm/elmrc\f1 file) to compose
- Xthe message. When composition is complete, the program
- Xverifies transmission then terminates.
- X
- X.ne 3
- XThe mailer also supports batch type mailing, of files and so on,
- Xby using the following command:
- X.nf
- X $ \f3elm dave_taylor < help.c\f1
- X.fi
- Xwhich will read in the file and transmit it to the specified user.
- X
- X.ne 3
- XA subject may be specified with ``-s \f2subject\f1'' as an option
- Xto the program in either `send only' or `batch' modes, as in:
- X.nf
- X $ \f3elm -s "File help.c, as promised" dave_taylor < help.c\f1
- X.fi
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 The Elm Utilities
- X
- XThe \f3Elm\f1 mail system is really much more than a single
- Xprogram for reading and writing mail. It's a unified
- Xenvironment for intelligently dealing with electronic
- Xcorrespondence. As a consequence, it contains a number of other
- Xprograms to aid in the easy processing of `email',
- Xincluding the following;
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'answer 1.0i
- XAn answering-machine transcription program. Please see the
- Xmanual entry for more information on how to use this program.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'autoreply 1.0i
- XThis program, in conjunction with the ``arepdaemon'', enables users
- Xto automatically reply to incoming mail when they're not directly
- Xavailable.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'checkalias 1.0i
- XA script for checking aliases simply.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'messages 1.0i
- XA script that lists the number of messages in the specified
- Xfolder. Suitable for login scripts and such.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'newmail 1.0i
- XThis program monitors a mailbox or set of mailboxes and can
- Xoutput notification of new mail in one of two possible
- Xformats; either:
- X
- X.ne 6
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- X>> New mail from Jimmy Carter - Urgent matters of state
- X>> New mail from joe@ucbvax.arpa - Did I hear someone say PARTY??
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X
- Xif running as \f2newmail\f1 or:
- X
- X.ft CW
- X.zf
- X.ps 9
- XJimmy Carter -- Urgent matters of state
- Xjoe@ucbvax.arpa -- Did I hear someone say PARTY??
- X.ft 1
- X.ps 10
- X
- Xif running as \f2wnewmail\f1. BSD Users will find this is
- Xa far superior \f2biff\f1 program.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'wnewmail 1.0i
- XThis is the same program as newmail, but has different
- Xdefaults if invoked this way.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'readmsg 1.0i
- XThis handy little program can be used in two ways. First off,
- Xit can be used to easily read a specific message in the
- Xincoming mailbox, specified by ordinal number, by a string that
- Xthe message contains, by the metacharacter `$' which
- Xrepresents the last message in the folder, or `*' which matches
- Xall the messages in the folder.
- X
- XFor example;
- X
- X$ \f3readmsg 4 5 9 | lpr\f1
- X
- Xwould generate a printout, \f2sans\f1 superfluous headers, of the fourth,
- Xfifth and ninth messages in your mailbox.
- X
- X$ \f3readmsg Carter | page\f1
- X
- Xwould be a fast way to read what `ole Jimmy has to say...
- Xand
- X
- X$ \f3readmsg -h hear someone say\f1
- X
- Xwould list, including all the message headers, the message
- Xcontaining the string ``hear someone say''.
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'frm 1.0i
- XSimilar to the Berkeley \f2from\f1 command, this will
- Xgive you a ``table of contents'' of either the current
- Xmailbox or a mailbox of your choice. It's useful to
- Xsee what mail is pending, or what's in a mailbox.
- XIf used with the `-n' option, it will number each message
- Xin a way compatible with the arguments \f2readmsg\f1
- Xexpects to get, too!
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'newalias 1.0i
- XThis is used to install new user/group aliases. Please see
- X\f2The Elm Alias Users Guide\f1 for further information on this!
- X
- X.lp \h'10p'fastmail 1.0i
- XSometimes you want to have a batchmailing system that works as
- Xquickly as possible, not bothering with aliases or any of the
- Xother ``deluxe'' features of \f3Elm\f1. An example of this would
- Xbe if you have a large mailing list for a newsletter, say.
- XThis command, \f2fastmail\f1, is designed just for that purpose.
- XIt avoids the lengthy startup time of \f3Elm\f1 while still
- Xgenerating valid \f2RFC-822\f1\s-2\u5\d\s0 mail.
- X.fn
- X5. If you don't know what RFC-822 is, don't worry about it!
- X.ef
- XPlease see the manual entry for more information on this
- Xcommand.
- X.in 0
- X.br
- X.ne 5
- X.sp
- X.hn 1 Credits and So on
- X
- XThis mailer has been evolving over the past few years with
- Xinvaluable comments on the interface and general mail
- Xissues from the following people;
- XJim Davis, Steve Wolf (or should that say Steve!! Wolf!!!! perhaps?),
- XLarry Fenske, Rob Sartin,
- XJohn Dilley and Carl Dierschow.
- X.sp
- XFor the Berkeley implementation, lots of help came from
- Xboth John Lebovitz and Ken Stone.
- X.sp
- XFor the Amdahl/UTS implementation, thanks to Scott McGregor and
- XStan Isaacs.
- X.sp
- XFor the Sun problems, Dave England in Lancaster (UK) turned out to be
- X``bloody useful'', as he would no doubt say.
- X.sp
- XThe Pyramid version is due to the work of Steve Malone
- Xof the University of Washington.
- X.sp
- XA number of other people have been amazingly disciplined at reporting
- Xproblems and (usually, much to my relief) indicating the fixes needed,
- Xespecially Guy Hillyer, Bruce Townsend and Eric Negaard.
- X.sp
- XThere have been many, many others, too numerous to mention, that
- Xhave inspired me with questions like "Why can't Elm..." or
- X"Why does it ..." or "Can we make it..." too. A loud round of
- Xapplause and an enthusiastic THANK YOU to you all!!
- X.sp
- XAlso helpful was the ability to have my `own' machine to
- Xclose up the many many iterative loops that this software
- Xhas gone through \(em since being on a big multi-user machine
- Xtends to slow it down to a standstill...
- XFor that, I thank Hewlett-Packard Colorado Networks Division for their
- Xinitial support, and now HP Laboratories for the wonderful working
- Xenvironment that I have here (more than any one person is safe having,
- XI suspect).
- X.sp
- XMailers that have influenced the design and implementation of \f3Elm\f1,
- Xfor better or worse, include the following;
- X
- X.lp \h'4p'\f2/bin/mail\f1 1.0i
- XThe most basic of mailers, this one was simply the example of how \f2not\f1
- Xto force the user to interact with a program.
- X
- SHAR_EOF
- echo "End of part 6"
- echo "File doc/Users.guide is continued in part 7"
- echo "7" > s2_seq_.tmp
- exit 0
-
- exit 0 # Just in case...
-