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Path: uunet!rs From: rs@uunet.UU.NET (Rich Salz) Newsgroups: comp.sources.unix Subject: v10i048: CRC Plotting Package, Part04/06 Message-ID: <607@uunet.UU.NET> Date: 9 Jul 87 01:14:34 GMT Organization: UUNET Communications Services, Arlington, VA Lines: 2117 Approved: rs@uunet.UU.NET Submitted-by: "Wombat" <rsk@j.cc.purdue.edu> Posting-Number: Volume 10, Issue 48 Archive-name: crc_plot/Part04 # This is a shell archive. # Remove everything above and including the cut line. # Then run the rest of the file through sh. #----cut here-----cut here-----cut here-----cut here----# #!/bin/sh # shar: Shell Archiver # Run the following text with /bin/sh to create: # doc [other files... don't panic --r$] mkdir doc chdir doc cat << \SHAR_EOF > HowtoInstall .NP .EQ delim $$ .EN .ce Notes on how to install .br .sp .ce "The CRC Graphics Package" .br .sp .ce 4 Carl Crawford School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47901 .sp .ce Tel:~~317-494-3456 .sp .ce 3 UUCP Address:~~VCBVAX!PUR-EE!CRC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IHNP4!PUR-EE!CRC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DECVAX!PUR-EE!CRC .sp 2 .br .ul Introduction .PP This set of notes is to help new sites install "the CRC graphics package" on their systems. The document first presents descriptions of the sources that are needed to build the package. Then how to compile and build the package. Finally, how to configure the defaults to fit the system. .sp .ul .ne 6 Sources .PP Create a source directory for the graphics. Currently the distribution tape assumes that .sp .ce /u/crc/graphics .sp is the root of the graphics system. For the purpose of this paper, .sp .ce $"~"~crc$ .sp will indicate the root of the graphics source. .PP Within this directory, these are the following sub-directories: .sp $"~"$crc/lib~~~~~~~~~~library subroutines .br $"~"$crc/src~~~~~~~~~~runtime programs .br $"~"$crc/charfont~~~~~character' font information .br $"~"$crc/doc~~~~~~~~~~nroff sources for documentation .br $"~"$crc/tmp~~~~~~~~~~junk directory. (Ignore if present). .sp .PP The library routines are subroutines callable from either F77 or C. Actual device control is done through pipes to programs in $"~"$crc/src. The current drivers are: .sp $"~"$crc/src/gp.c~~~~~~Versatec electrostatic printer .br $"~"$crc/src/gp/p.c~~~~Printronix lineprinter .br $"~"$crc/src/hpd.c~~~~~HP Flatbed plotter .br $"~"$crc/src/gd.c~~~~~~Control/Grinnel image displays .sp The path names to the respective drivers are within the code. Change them to reflect the configuration of your system. 'GPLP' pipes its output to 'OPR'. If you don't have 'OPR', just write directly to the printronix. .sp 2 .ul .ne 8 Installation First Time .sp .ul .ti +5 Library Subroutines .in +10 CD $"~"$crc/lib .br CC -c *.c .br AR CA /usr/lib/libG.a 'lorder*.c ltsort' (used to set up proper order for a one-pass load.) .sp .in -10 .ne 8 Runtime .br .in +5 .br CD~~$"~"$crc/src .br CC~~gplot.c~-i~-1G~-1m~-0\ .br .ti +8 /u/bin/gplot .br .ti +12 *(note /u is the same as /usr) .br CC~~gp.c -0 /u/bin/gp .br CC~~gp/p.c -0 /u/bin/gp/p .br CC~~strip7.c -0 /u/bin/strip7 .br mkdir~~/u/lib/graphics .br CC~~hpd.c -0 /u/lib/graphics/hpd .br CC~~gd.c -0 /u/lib(graphics)gd .sp .in -5 .ne 8 Charfont .in +5 CD~~$"~"$crc/charfont .br CC~~genfont.c -0 genfont .br genfont /u/lib/graphics/font.5x7 \ < ifont.5x7 .br (I just noticed that genfont.c is not up to date. Just copy font.5x7 from the distribution tape). .in -5 .sp .PP I realize that this is all very terse. But if you look at the distribution tape, and then at the 'makefiles', it will be easy to figure out what I mean. A note on the 'makefiles'. At Purdue, we run a network of machines. The source for the network is on the 'A' machine and all the other machines are updated from this particular machine. .PP The first couple of lines in each section in each makefile is used to update the local machine (A machine at Purdue). The rest of each section gets the information to other machines. .sp 2 .ul .ne 8 Documentation .sp .in +5 CD~~~~~$"~"$crc/doc .br mkdir~~/src/man/graphics/crc .br E~=~/src/man/graphics/crc .br for i in *.r .br DO .br ~~~~~~~nroff S|i~>S|E/'basename~S|i' .br DONE .in -5 .sp 2 .ul .ne 8 Configuration .PP In /u/lib/graphics, there should be four files: .sp .nf FORMAT hpd.site <machine name> gd.site <machine name> gp.site <machine name><size> gplp.site <-xx> .fi .sp These files tell the respective programs where to send the graphics output by default. On the Purdue Network the <machine name> is one of the following: .sp .nf .ne 8 local $rarrow$ send output to local device ve Dual CPU VAX vm VAX A 11/70 B 11/45 P 11/70 ARPA 11/45 .fi .sp If the <machine name> isn't local, then the program 'ns' is used to bring up a 'shell' on the remote machine. Set the <machine name> to the default machine. If you do not have a network, they should all be set to 'local'. .PP For gp/p.site the '-xx' specifies the default network lineprinter. .PP For gp.site the <size> field is either 100 or 132. This number is the size in 'words' or 'bytes' (I forget which one) of the line length. Most new Versatecs are 100. .sp 2 .ul .ne 8 Update .PP All the 'makefiles' are set up so that all the files are automatically updated after changes are made. This is useful on machines where a network is used. The program 'cs' is just another version of the 'ns' routine, but brings up a long shell. .sp 2 .ul .ne 8 Addition of New Network .PP This section is useful if you have a set of machines that use the graphics package and a new one is added. .PP Get the following files from an existing machine. .sp .nf .ne 6 /u/bin/gplot /gp executable /gplp /strip7 .fi .sp .nf .ne 6 /u/lib/libG.a /graphics/font.5x7 /gd /hpd executable /gplp.site /gp.site /hpd.site /gd.site .fi .sp Then edit the *.site files to reflect the new machine. .sp 2 .ul Closing Remarks .PP If all the documentation/sources look confusing, then I apologize. The graphics package was originally written for my own use and then released for general use. I never expected the wide acceptance of the package. Only in the past few months, have changes been made to make it easy to use at other institutions. This explains this handwritten document. .PP Please do not hesitate to call if you have problems. .sp 4 .in +35 Carl Crawford 1 Oct., 1981 .in -35 .sp 2 P.S. Good luck and enjoy it once you get it working! .bp .BK 12 .ls 2 .nf Computer File Information: .in +10 Name of Paper: "The CRC Graphics Package" Author(s): Carl Crawford Computer File Name: CRCgraphic Account Number: Charges for this version: 2.0 hours Done by: Jenny Owen Date: Oct. 13, 1981 .in -10 .fi SHAR_EOF cat << \SHAR_EOF > introduction.0g .TH INTRODUCTION 0g "CRC Graphics Package" .SH NAME Introduction to the CRC Graphics Package .SH DESCRIPTION The CRC Plotting Package is a device independent graphics system. Subroutines for generating graphics exist for programs written in FORTRAN or C. A program called Qplot exists to plot binary vectors generated as the output of any program. .PP The following list indicates the devices currently supported by this package: .sp 1 .nf .ta 1.5i 3i 4.5i DEVICE MACHINE(S) RESOLUTION DISPLAY SIZE (bits) (in plot units) Plot(5) 32768 x 32768 Device Dependent Comtal ARPA 512 x 512 10 x 10 Grinnel ARPA 512 x 512 10 x 10 Printronix P, EC, PP, MA 512 x 512 10 x 10 Retro-Graphic 512 x 256 10 x 10 HP 7221A EG 10240 x 7800 13.1 x 10 Tektronix 4014 EG 1024 x 780 13.1 x 10 Tektronix 4010 ARPA 1024 x 780 13.1 x 10 .fi .PP The MACHINE field indicates which network computers currently have one of the specified devices. The DISPLAY SIZE is the x by y size of the plotting area for each device. The units are arbitrary and vary from device to device. All distances are measured in plot units. .PP The CRC Graphics package is currently in a state of transition. The original package contained all the support for each device and this accounted for a large number of lines in the package. With the addition of a number of new graphics devices to the network this approach has become unworkable so now the package supports .I plot(5) mode as the preferred output format. The .I plot(1) program is used to translate plot format into the actual commands needed to drive each graphics device. .PP In addition to the .I plot format, the CRC package supports two types of output formats. It is anticipated that support for these two formats will end sometime in the future and users will use the .I plot(1g) program to obtain all output. The CRC package can talk directly to Tektronix 4010 (or 4014) displays and HP 7221A flat-bed plotters. The Retro-Graphic works the same way as a Tektronix terminal. Finally, a number of devices can display graphics on a 512 by 512 bit plane. This bit map can then be copied to one of the following devices: Comtal graphics overlay, Comtal image display, Grinnell graphics overlay, Grinnell image display, or a Printronix line printer. .PP The bit plane can also be written out to a file. The programs Gplp (1) can be used to obtain overlayed outputs on the Printronix. .sp The rest of this document is subdivided into four sections. They are: .sp .nf 1) Documentation of Qplot, Strip7, Gplp, Hpd, and Gd. 2) Documentation of user callable subroutines. 3) Character font information. 4) Examples. .fi .PP Online, all of this information is available with: .sp .nf $help graphics/crc .fi SHAR_EOF cat << \SHAR_EOF > plot3d.1g .TH PLOT3D 1 "CRC Graphics Package" .SH NAME plot3d - Plot 3 dimensional surfaces .SH SYNOPSIS plot3d [arguments...] .SH DESCRIPTION .B Plot3d prints a view of a three dimensional surface. By using .B plot3d with no arguments, a graph will be generated on the default Printronix line printer as defined in .B gplp(1). If ARPA is the host machine, the output will appear on the Comtal graphics overlay bit-plane zero. .PP A matrix of binary floating point numbers will be read from a file called `z' and used as the z value at each point. This vector will be displayed against a program generated x-y matrix containing integers from zero to the number of points in each direction. The points in the file are assumed to be rows of values along lines of constant y. See the appendix of the .I qplot(1g) manual page for more information about the data formats. .PP The input for .B plot3d can be either a binary or an ASCII file. In a binary file the data is coded in the machine's internal format. The file can be generated using the .B write statement in C or an unformatted write in Fortran or Pascal. This is the most efficient form since it saves on both file space and machine time. .PP For simple applications it is also possible to give .B plot3d an ASCII file with the numbers in a readable format. The user must be careful to edit out any titles or other non-numeric information before .B plot3d is called. The numbers are read from the file ``free format.'' In other words, spaces, tabs and newlines can all be used to separate the numbers. .B Plot3d will read as many lines as necessary to get enough data for the plot as specified by the count, skip and begin parameters. The numbers that are read from the file must not contain any spaces. .PP .B Plot3d supports as many of the .B qplot options as possible and in most cases the variables/flags are known by the same name. The most significant difference is that the data file is indicated by the `z' parameter instead of the `y' parameter (for obvious reasons). .PP The input data for .B plot3d is a matrix of binary numbers. The type and location of the data is specified with the .I z= parameter. The matrix is considered to be size 64 x 64 unless one of the size parameters is used ( .I size, .I xsize and .I ysize ). .PP Data is read from the file along lines of constant y (x variable varies fastest). The first value in the file, file(0), is z(x=0, y=0), the second is z(x=1, y=0) and so on. The second line (y=1) starts at number `xsize' in the file (file(xsize) --> z(x=0, y=1)). It is very important that the variable .I xsize be set properly so that .B plot3d can index into the matrix properly. .PP With the `x' and `y' parameters an arbitrary mapping can be made between points in the matrix (z) and the x and y axis. Normally each line of the data is assumed to be equally spaced in x and y. With the x and y parameters any arbitrary mapping is possible. The results are guaranteed to be meaningful only for monotonically increasing mappings. .PP With the begin, skip and count parameters it is possible to specify that part of the input data be ignored. If the begin parameters are used, the first .I xbegin data points of the z and x files are ignored. A similar effect is seen if the .I ybegin parameter is specified. The default values are 0. If the skip variables .I (skip, xskip and .I yskip) are set then lines in the input matrix are skipped between each point that is plotted. The count parameter is used to set the number of data lines to plot. Normally the count parameters default to the largest number possible, given the size, begin and skip variables. .PP Superimposing plots is done differently depending on the type of output format. For the HP plotter it is sufficient to use the same piece of paper for a number of graphs. For other devices it is necessary to use the .I -b option to turn off blanking. If the output is going to be sent to a bit mapped device (the Printtronix printers, image processing devices or the Versatec on ARPA) then it is necessary to use several .I plot3d commands and to put the output in a file with the .I g=graph option. The resulting bit plane will be a logical-or of each picture and can be sent to the output device using either the .I gplp(1g), gd(1g) or .I gp(1g) commands. When using .I plot(5) output format it is necessary to use the .I -P option and then redirect the output of .I plot3d into a file. Superimposing several graphs is accomplished with a string of commands like .nf plot3d z=file1,f -P > graph.output plot3d z=file2,f -b -P >> graph.output plot -Tver graph.output .fi .PP The following options are available to modify the graph: .sp .ne 8 **** FILE SPECIFICATION OPTIONS **** .TP 14 z=file,? The z matrix will be read from 'file' instead of 'z'. The letter ? is the data type declaration field and can be one of the following: .sp .RS 14 .TP 5 c Single bytes, unsigned, fixed precision data. .TP cs Single bytes, signed, fixed precision data. .TP s Two bytes, signed, fixed precision data. .TP i Two bytes (PDP 11's), signed, fixed precision data. .TP i Four bytes (Vax's), signed, fixed precision data. .TP l Four bytes, signed, fixed precision data. .TP f Four bytes, floating point data. .TP d Eight bytes, floating point data. .TP a ASCII data, free format numbers, data is readable, spaces, tabs and newlines are used to seperate input points. .sp .RE .RS 14 If n isn't specified, a comma is not needed after the file name. The default for n is `f'. .RE .TP 14 z=,n The z vector is read from the default file `z' but the byte declaration field is set to n. .TP 14 -x Read the x vector from the file `x'. The data in the file is assumed to be binary integer quantities. .TP 14 x=file,? The x vector will be read from the file `file' instead of `x'. The data in the file is assumed to be binary integer quantities unless a `,?' is added. The `?' can be any of the suffixes shown above with the `z=' option. If the file is binary integer data then it is not necessary to use the `,i' option. .TP 14 -y Read the y vector from the file `y'. The data in the file is assumed to be binary integer quantities. .TP 14 y=file,? The y vector will be read from the file `file' instead of `y'. The data in the file is assumed to be binary integer quantities unless a `,?' is added. The `?' can be any of the suffixes shown above with the `z=' option. If the file is binary integer data then it is not necessary to use the `,i' option. .TP 14 xsize=n The matrix has `n' elements in the x-direction. The default value is 64. It is necessary to specify this variable if the array is not 64 x 64. .B Plot3d interprets the `z' file as an xsize x ysize matrix of values. .TP 14 ysize=n The matrix has `n' elements in the y-direction. The default value is 64. .B Plot3d interprets the `z' file as an xsize x ysize matrix of values. .TP 14 size=n Set both `xsize' and `ysize' equal to `n'. .TP 14 n=n This sets xsize, and ysize variables equal to n. This is equivalent to using the .I size= parameter. .HP 0 .sp .ne 8 **** DATA SELECTION OPTIONS **** .TP 14 xbegin=n The first `n' lines of the input in the `z' file and `n' values in the `x' file are skipped. This is used to place the origin of the plot at an arbitrary position in the matrix. The default value is 0. .TP 14 ybegin=n The first `n' lines of the input in the `z' file and `n' values in the `y' file are skipped. This is used to place the origin of the plot at an arbitrary position in the matrix. The default value is 0. .TP 14 begin=n Set the parameters `xbegin' and `ybegin' equal to n. .TP 14 xskip=n Skip `n' lines in the `z' file and `n' values in the `x' file between plotted data points. The default value is 0. .TP 14 yskip=n Skip `n' lines in the `z' file and `n' values in the `y' file between plotted data points. The default value is 0. .TP 14 skip=n Set the parameters `xskip' and `yskip' equal to n. .TP 14 xcount=n Only plot `n' of the lines in the matrix. Show n values in the matrix for each line of constant y. The default value is the largest number of points that can be plotted for the given .I xsize, xbegin and .I xskip. .TP 14 ycount=n Only plot `n' of the lines in the matrix. Show n values in the matrix for each line of constant x. The default value is the largest number of points that can be plotted for the given .I ysize, ybegin and .I yskip. .TP 14 count=n Set the parameters `xcount' and `ycount' equal to n. .TP 14 zmin=r All points in the matrix below the level `r' are set to `r'. This is useful for seeing details in the surface. See also the .I zmax parameter. The default value is negative infinity. .TP 14 zmax=r All points in the matrix above the level `r' are set to `r'. This is useful for seeing details in the surface. See also the .I zmin parameter. The default value is positive infinity. .HP 0 .sp .ne 8 **** PLOT POSITIONING AND REDUCING OPTIONS **** .sp .TP 14 xp=r The x starting coordinate of the axes is moved to position r on the plot plane. The default value of r is 0. The plot is 10 units wide. .TP 14 yp=r Same as the `xp=r' flag but the y origin is moved to r on the plot plane. The plot is 10 units high. .TP 14 scfac=r The graph is expanded or reduced in size by r. The default value is 1.0. .TP 14 phi1=theta The surface is rotated around the z-axis by an angle of theta before plotting. The zero angle corresponds to looking down the y axis. The default value is 40 degrees. .TP 14 phi2=theta The observation plane is tilted by theta degrees from the horizontal. Zero degrees corresponds to looking at the surface from the x-y plane; 90 degrees is looking at the object from directly above. Neither of the two views at the extremes provide much information. The default value is 30 degrees. .TP 14 -r Reverse the direction of the `z' axis. This effectively multiplies each data point by -1. The default is for this option to be off. .TP 14 -R Do not reverse the direction of the `z' axis. This flag turns off the `-r' flag above. .sp .HP 0 .ne 8 **** DEVICE SELECTION OPTIONS **** .TP 14 -P Output the graph to standard output in .I plot (5) format. This is a device independent format that can be piped through the .I plot(1) program. .TP 14 plot=xx Output the graph in plot format (See section 5 of the UNIX manual) piping all plotting commands to the plot program. The .I xx argument is used as a type argument to the plot command. Thus the use of .I plot3d plot=4014 is equivalent to the command string .I plot3d -P | plot -T4014. For example the following are other valid devices: adm (to send to a terminal), ver (to send to the versatec), 4014 (to send to a Tek 4014 terminal). See the .I plot(1) manual for additional devices. .TP 14 -p The plot is sent to the Printronix line printer through .B gplp (1). This is the default output option for all host machines except for ARPA. See .B gplp (1) to determine to which network line printer the output will be sent. .TP 14 site=XX The output is sent to the network line printer specified by XX. See .B opr (1) for more information about the allowable printer names. This option invokes the `-p' option. .TP 14 -t Display the plot on a Tektronix 4010 or 4014 display. Standard output must end up on the specified terminal. .TP 14 -T Display the plot on a Retro-Graphics RG-512 in conjunction with an ADM-3A terminal. .TP 14 -h Display the plot on an HP plotter. .TP 14 pen=n When using the HP plotter, the pen in bin .I n is used to plot the graph. The default bin is 1. This invokes the .I -h flag. .TP 14 speed=n The HP plotter's pen movement velocity will be changed to `n' cm/sec. The valid range for n is [1,36]. The default value is 36. This option will invoke the `-h' flag. .TP 14 -v The plot is sent to the Versatec printer/plotter through a pipe to gp (1). NOTE: This option is obsolete on all machines except for the DIPL machine. Users should use the .I plot=ver option to obtain versatec output elsewhere on the network. .TP 14 -o The graph is written out to standard output. .TP 14 g=file The graph is written out to a file named `file'. This file can be sent to the ARPA Versatec or Printronix with .B gp (1) and .B gplp (1), respectively. .TP 14 op=str The string is an appended to the call to .B gplp, gp, hpd, and .B gd. This provides a method to change any of the options to the driver programs. .TP 14 -b The display device is not blanked before plotting. This option has no effect when used with the `h', `v', `V', and `p' flags. If the `g=file' option is used and `file' exists in the local directory before plotting begins, then the new graphics will overlay the graphics contained in `file'. .TP 14 -B Turn off the -b flag. This option is set by default. .TP 14 -c The plot is displayed on the Comtal. The default action is to display the plot on graphics overlay 0 unless the -0, -1, -2, -3 or -i flags are used. The Comtal is the default device if ARPA is the host machine, or the .I -i, -g, -0, -1, -2 and .I -3 flags are used. The Comtal is connected to the ARPA machine. .TP 14 -G Display the plot on the Grinnel connected to the ARPA machine. The default action is to display the plot on graphics overlay 0 unless the -0, -1, -2, -3 or -i flags are used. A Grinnell is connected to the ARPA and the PB machines. .TP 14 -i Display the plot on an image plane instead of a graphics overlay. This flag is the opposite of the .I -g flag. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .TP 14 -g Display the plot on a graphic overlay instead of an image plane. This flag is set by default if ARPA is the host machine. This flag is the opposite of the .I -i flag. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .TP 14 -n The plot is displayed on the graphic overlay or image plane .I n. The number .I n can be either 0,1, 2, 3. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .RS 0 .ne 8 **** AXIS OPTIONS **** .TP 14 -a No axes will be plotted. .TP 14 axis=[xyz] An axis will be plotted only for axis listed after the equals sign. The default action is .I axis=xyz which labels all three axis of the plot. The option .I axis= is equivalent to the .I -a option. .TP 14 -f A border will be drawn around the plot. .TP 14 -F Do not draw a border around the plot. This is the default. .TP 14 zaxis=r The x-y axis of the plot is drawn at .I z=r. The default value is -.05. .TP 14 len=r Set the length of all axes to .I r. The default value is 8. .TP 14 xlen=r The length of the x axis is changed from eight plot units to .I r units. This parameter is relative to the default value of 8. The actual length of the x axis in the 2-d plot coordinate system is a function of the angle of view and the .I scfac. .TP 14 ylen=r The length of the y axis is changed from eight plot units to .I r units. This parameter is relative to the default value of 8. The actual length of the y axis in the 2-d plot coordinate system is a function of the angle of view and the .I scfac. .TP 14 zlen=r The length of the z axis is changed from eight plot units to r units. This parameter is relative to the default value of 8. The actual length of the y axis in the 2-d plot coordinate system is a function of the angle of view and the .I scfac. .TP 14 raxis=xyz Floating point (real) numbers will be used to label the axis. If just `x' is specified then only the x-axis will be forced to floating point notation. If just `y' is specified then only the y-axis will be forced to floating point notation. If just `z' is specified then only the z-axis will be forced to floating point notation. If `xyz' is used then all axis will be forced to floating point notation. If none of the axis are listed then all axis will be labelled with integers. Any combination of `xyz' can be specified. The default notation is determined by the type of data used as input to the program. If integer data is used as input then the axis will be labelled with integers. Otherwise floating point notation is used. .TP 14 dig=n The number of significant digits used in the annotation of the axes will be set to 'n'. The default value is six significant digits. .TP 14 xdig=n Set the number of significant digits in the x axis to n. .TP 14 ydig=n Set the number of significant digits in the y axis to n. .TP 14 zdig=n Set the number of significant digits in the z axis to n. .TP 14 tic=r The distance between tic marks for both the x, y and z axes will be changed to r. The default value of r is one. .TP 14 xtic=r Set only the x tic mark distance. .TP 14 ytic=r Set only the y tic mark distance. .TP 14 ztic=r Set only the z tic mark distance. .HP 0 .sp .ne 8 **** LABEL OPTIONS **** .TP 14 tl=str The string will be used as a label at the top of the graph. .TP 14 bl=str The string will be used as a label at the bottom of the graph. .TP 14 xl=str The character string is used as a label along the x axis. .TP 14 yl=str The character string is used as a label along the y axis. .TP 14 zl=str The character string is used as a label next the z axis. .TP 14 -l The user will be prompted for labels not entered with the `xl', `yl' and `zl' options. .TP 14 -L Don't prompt for labels. This option is the default. .HP 0 .sp .ne 8 **** GRAPH OPTIONS **** .TP 14 direction=[xy] Plot lines along the axis (or axes) specified by this parameter. The default is to plot the lines along the y axes only or .I direction=y. The options .I direct= and .I dir= are synonyms for this parameter. Use of the .I direction=x or .I direction=y parameters is encouraged since half the CPU time is used to produce the plot. In addition if a large number of lines are to be drawn, the graph will often appear simpler if lines are only drawn in one direction. .TP 14 resolution=x This parameter controls the resolution of the ``hide'' subroutine. The default value is 1.0 and larger values can be used to produce a more accurate estimate of the line intersections at the expense of more computer time. Values larger than one are generally needed only for publication quality plots of functions with large number of discontinuities. Conversely a value smaller than one will save computer time at the expense of small errors in the intersections. .HP 0 .PP The parse routines internal to .B plot3d allow for two default mechanisms to specify options. The first method is to create a file `.plot3drc' in your HOME directory (see environ(5)). In it, one can place options and flags that .B plot3d will use before it parses your command line. The syntax is one command or flag string per line. .PP As an example, consider the case where the user wishes to always obtain output on the Versatec and the plot be framed. Also the length of the axes are desired to be 6 units. The correct format for the file `.plot3drc' would be: .RS 14 .nf -vf len=6 .fi .RE .PP The second method to set default options is to set the environment variable `PLOT3DARGS'. The format of `PLOT3DARGS' is the same as the input command line. .PP The options set in the previous example can be set using the following procedure: .RS 14 .nf For /bin/sh: $ PLOT3DARGS='-vf len=6' $ export PLOT3DARGS For /bin/csh $ setenv PLOT3DARGS '-vf len=6' .fi .RE If you need to set up labels with the `bl=', or `tl=' options, surround the respective option with double quotes. An example: .RS 14 .nf $PLOT3DARGS='-vf "tl=this is the title"' .fi .RE There is no way to get a double quote into the label field. .PP .B Plot3d will parse the file `.plot3drc' first if it exists. Then it will parse `PLOT3DARGS' if it exists. Finally, .B plot3d will parse the command line. .SH FILES .TP 14 /etc/cpu Contains name of host .SH SEE ALSO graphics/crc and .B qplot(1) documentation .SH AUTHOR Mani Azimi assembled the .B plot3d program from software written by a couple of people. Carl Crawford did some of the work when he wrote .B qplot. The Fortran program that actually does the plotting was rewritten by Mani Azimi based on code that was available in the EE department for several years. .SH DIAGNOSTICS Bad command line requests are flagged. Occasionally an `out of bounds' warning will result from looking at a surface from too high an angle. .SH BUGS Array size is limited on the PDP 11's, especially when using the bit mapped devices (Grinnel, Comtal, Versatec, Printronix.) .PP No check is made to insure that the number of points to read from the input file for each line (count*(skip+1)+begin) is consistent with the `size' parameters. .PP The resolution parameter really shouldn't be necessary. .SH FUTURE Eventually all devices except for plot format will be phased out. It is not practical for .I plot3d to know about every possible output device. Instead it is better that .I plot3d output a generic format with infinite resolution and let each device filter produce the best plot possible. .SH SUPPORT Funding for the development of this software was provided by Prof. A.C.Kak of Electrical Engineering. Bug fixes and enhancements will be made on a time available basis by the author. SHAR_EOF cat << \SHAR_EOF > qplot.1g .TH QPLOT 1 "CRC Graphics" .SH NAME Qplot - Quick Plot .SH SYNOPSIS qplot [arguments] .SH DESCRIPTION .B Qplot is used to display one vector versus another on various graphic devices. By using .B Qplot with no arguments, a graph will be generated on the default Printronix line printer as defined in .B gplp (1). If ARPA is the host machine, the output will appear on the Comtal graphics overlay bit-plane zero. .PP A set of numbers will be read from a file called 'y' and used as the y vector. This vector will be displayed against a program generated x vector containing integers from zero to the number of points in the y vector minus one. .PP The input for .B qplot can be either a binary or an ASCII file. In a binary file the data is coded in the machine's internal format. The file can be generated using the .B write statement in C or an unformatted .B write in Fortran or Pascal. This is the most efficient form since it saves on both file space and machine time. .PP For simple applications it is also possible to give qplot an ASCII file with the numbers in a readable format. The user must be careful to edit out any titles or other non-numeric information before .B qplot is called. The numbers are read from the file ``free format.'' In other words, spaces, tabs and newlines can all be used to separate the numbers. .B Qplot will read as many lines as necessary to get enough data for the plot as specified by the count, skip and begin parameters. The numbers that are read from the file must not contain any spaces. .PP Superimposing plots is done differently depending on the type of output format. For the HP plotter it is sufficient to use the same piece of paper for a number of graphs. For other devices it is necessary to use the .I -b option to turn off blanking. If the output is going to be sent to a bit mapped device (the Printronix printers, image processing devices or the Versatec on ARPA) then it is necessary to use several .I plot3d commands and to put the output in a file with the .I g=graph option. The resulting bit plane will be a logical-or of each picture and can be sent to the output device using either the .I gplp(1g), gd(1g) or .I gp(1g) commands. When using .I plot(5) output format it is necessary to use the .I -P option and then redirect the output of .I plot3d into a file. Superimposing several graphs is accomplished with a string of commands like .nf qplot y=file1,f -P > graph.output qplot y=file2,f -b -P >> graph.output plot -Tver graph.output .fi .PP The following options are available to modify the graph: .RS 0 **** FILE SPECIFICATION OPTIONS **** .TP 14 y=file,n The y vector will be read from 'file' instead of 'y'. The number n is the byte declaration field and can be one of the following: .RS 10 .TP 4 c Single byte, unsigned, fixed precision data. .TP 4 cs Single byte, signed, fixed precision data. .TP 4 s Two bytes, signed, fixed precision data. .TP 4 i Two bytes (PDP 11's), signed, fixed precision data. .TP 4 i Four bytes (Vax's), signed, fixed precision data. .TP 4 l Four bytes, signed, fixed precision data. .TP 4 f Four bytes, floating point data. .TP 4 d Eight bytes, floating point data. .TP 4 a ASCII numbers, free format data, file is readable, spaces, tabs and newlines are used to separate input points. .RE .RS 10 If .I n isn't specified, a comma is not needed after the file name. The default for n is `f'. .RE .TP 14 y=,n The y vector is read from the default file `y' but the byte declaration field is set to .I n. .TP 14 -x The x vector will be read from a file called `x' instead of having .B qplot generating it for you. The default file type is `i'. .TP 14 -X Turn off the -x flag. This option is set by default. .TP 14 x=file,n The x vector is read from `file' instead of `x'. The byte declaration for this vector is set to n. The default type is `i'. This option invokes the -x flag. .TP 14 x=,n The x vector is read from the default input file `x' but the byte declaration is set to n. .TP 14 count=n Up to n points will be read from the input file. N can have a maximum value of 512. The default value of n is 512. .TP 14 begin=n The first n points in the x and y files will be ignored. If `begin' is negative, then the value actually used will be given by the product of `count' and the absolute value of `begin'. The starting point on the program generated x vector will be set to `begin'. The default value of n is zero. .TP 14 skip=n Only every (n+1)'th point will be read from the input file. The program generated x vector incremental value is set to `n' + 1. The default value of n is zero. .RS 0 **** SCALING OPTIONS **** .TP 14 s=file .B Qplot generates the scale values for the x and y vectors by finding the minimum and maximum values of each vector. If `file' exists in the current directory, the minimum and maximum values used by the scaling routines will be read from it. The format of the file is four numbers on a single line in the following format: `xmin xmax ymin ymax'. The default name for `file' is `xybnd'. .TP 14 ymin=r The ymin value read from the scale file or obtained from the y vector is replaced by r. .TP 14 ymax=r The ymax value read from the scale file or obtained from the y vector is replaced by r. .TP 14 xmin=r Works the same as the `ymin=' option when the .I -x flag is used. Otherwise the program will create the x vector with a starting value of .I r. .TP 14 xmax=r Works the same as the `ymax=' option when the -x flag is used. If the program generates the x vector and the `xmin=r1' and `xmax=r2' options are also used, then the x vector will be a set of equally spaced point integers between r1 and r2. .TP 14 -s The xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax values used to make the graph are written out to the file specified by `s=file'. This is useful in plotting multiple graphs with the same scale. The file has the same format as the input scale file. .TP 14 -S Turn off the -s flag. This option is set by default. .ne 8 .RS 0 **** POSITIONING AND REDUCING OPTIONS **** .TP 14 xp=r The x starting coordinate of the graph is moved to position `r'. The default value of r is zero. .TP 14 yp=r Same as the `xp=r' flag but the y origin is moved to `r'. .TP 14 scfac=r The graph is expanded or reduced in size by `r'. The default value is 1.0. .RS 0 **** DEVICE SELECTION OPTIONS **** .TP 14 -P Output the graph to standard output in .I plot (5) format. This is a device independent format that can be piped through the .I plot(1) program. .TP 14 plot=xx Output the graph in plot format (See section 5 of the UNIX manual) piping all plotting commands to the plot program. The .I xx argument is used as a type argument to the plot command. Thus the use of .I qplot plot=4014 is equivalent to the command string .I qplot -P | plot -T4014. For example the following are other valid devices: adm (to send to a terminal), ver (to send to the versatec), 4014 (to send to a Tek 4014 terminal). See the .I plot(1) manual for additional devices. .TP 14 -p The plot is sent to the Printronix line printer through .B gplp (1). This is the default output option for all host machines except for ARPA. See .B gplp (1) to determine to which network line printer the output will be sent. .TP 14 site=XX The output is sent to the network line printer specified by XX. See .B opr (1) for more information about the allowable printer names. This option invokes the `-p' .TP 14 -t Display the plot on a Tektronix 4010 or 4014 display. Standard output must end up on the specified terminal. .TP 14 -T Display the plot on a Retro-Graphics RG-512 in conjunction with an ADM-3A terminal. .TP 14 -h Display the plot on an HP plotter. .TP 14 pen=n When using the HP plotter, the pen in bin n is used to plot the graph. The default bin is 1. This invokes the `-h' flag. .TP 14 speed=n The HP plotter's pen movement velocity will be changed to `n' cm/sec. The valid range for n is [1,36]. The default value is 36. This option will invoke the `-h' flag. flag. .TP 14 -v The plot is sent to the Versatec printer/plotter through a pipe to gp (1). NOTE: This option is obsolete on all machines except for the DIPL machine. Users should use the .I plot=ver option to obtain versatec output elsewhere on the network. .TP 14 -o The graph is written out to standard output. .TP 14 g=file The graph is written out to a file named `file'. This file can be sent to the Versatec or Printronix with .B gp (1) and .B gplp (1), respectively. .TP 14 op=str The string is appended to the call to .B gplp, gp, hpd, and .B gd. This provides a method to change any of the options to the driver programs. .TP 14 -b The display device is not blanked before plotting. This option has no effect when used with the `h', `v', `V', and `p' flags. If the `g=file' option is used and `file' exists in the local directory before plotting begins, then the new graphics will overlay the graphics contained in `file'. .TP 14 -B Turn off the -b flag. This option is set by default. .TP 14 -c The plot is displayed on the Comtal. The default action is to display the plot on graphics overlay 0 unless the -0, -1, -2, -3 or -i flags are used. The Comtal is the default device if ARPA is the host machine, or the .I -i, -g, -0, -1, -2 and .I -3 flags are used. The Comtal is connected to the ARPA machine. .TP 14 -G Display the plot on the Grinnel connected to the ARPA machine. The default action is to display the plot on graphics overlay 0 unless the -0, -1, -2, -3 or -i flags are used. A Grinnell is connected to the ARPA and the PB machines. .TP 14 -i Display the plot on an image plane instead of a graphics overlay. This flag is the opposite of the .I -g flag. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .TP 14 -g Display the plot on a graphic overlay instead of an image plane. This flag is set by default if ARPA is the host machine. This flag is the opposite of the .I -i flag. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .TP 14 -n The plot is displayed on the graphic overlay or image plane .I n. The number .I n can be either 0,1, 2, 3. If this flag is used then the Comtal ( .I -c ) is the default device. .RS 0 .ne 8 **** AXIS OPTIONS **** .TP 14 -a No axes will be plotted. .TP 14 -A Plot axes. This option is set by default. .TP 14 xlen=r The length of the x axis will be changed from eight plot units to r units. .TP 14 ylen=r The length of the y axis will be changed from eight plot units to r units. .TP 14 len=r Set the length of both axes to r. .TP 14 logx=n The `x' axis will be logarithmic instead of linear. Valid values for n are -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, and 3. The logarithm base ten of the `x' vector will be taken if n is negative. No tic marks will be plotted if n is -1 or 1. A few tic marks will be plotted if n is -2 or 2. All possible tic marks will be plotted if n is -3 or 3. .TP 14 logy=n Same as the `logx=' option except that it works for the `y' axis. .TP 14 raxis=xy Floating point (real) numbers will be used to label the axis. If just `x' is specified then only the x-axis will be forced to floating point notation. If just `y' is specified then only the y-axis will be forced to floating point notation. If `xy' is used then both the x and the y-axis will be forced to floating point notation. The default notation is determined by the type of data used as input to the program. If integer data is used as input then the axis will be labelled with integers. Otherwise floating point notation is used. .TP 14 dig=n The number of significant digits used in the annotation of the axes will be set to 'n'. The default value is six significant digits. .TP 14 xdig=n Set the number of significant digits in the x axis to n. .TP 14 ydig=n Set the number of significant digits in the y axis to n. .TP 14 tic=r The distance between tic marks for both the x and the y axes will be changed to r. The default value of r is one. .TP 14 xtic=r Set only the x tic mark distance. .TP 14 ytic=r Set only the y tic mark distance. .TP 14 -f A border will be drawn around the plot. .TP 14 -F Don't frame the plot. This option is set by default. .RS 0 **** LABEL OPTIONS **** .TP 14 el=str The string will be plotted just to the right of the last point in the line. .TP 14 tl=str The string will be used as a label at the top of the graph. .TP 14 bl=str The string will be used as a label at the bottom of the graph. .TP 14 xl=str The character string is used as a label below the x axis. .TP 14 yl=str The character string is used as a label next to the y axis. .TP 14 -l The user will be prompted for labels not entered with the `xl' and `yl' options. .TP 14 -L Don't prompt for labels. This option is the default. .RS 0 **** LINE OPTIONS **** .TP 14 -m Mark every point in the line with an on-center symbol. .TP 14 -M Don't mark the line. This option is set by default. .TP 14 j=n Only every |j|'th point will have an on-center symbol on it. If j is negative, then the line connecting points will not be drawn. This option invokes the -m flag. .TP 14 sym=n One of 13 different on-center symbols can be selected. This option invokes the -m flag. The following on-center symbols can be used. .ta 1i 2i .nf \fIsym on-center symbol\fR 0 no on-center symbol i $'i-1' i=1,2,...,10 11 $* 12 $+ 13 $, .fi .TP 14 -d A dashed line is used instead of a solid line when drawing the graph. .TP 14 -D Don't draw dashed line. This option is set by default. .TP 14 dash=r The length of the visible portion of the dashed line is set to `r'. The default value is 0.1. This option invokes the `-d' flag. .TP 14 gap=r Same as the `dash=' option but affects the invisible portion of the dashed line. .TP 14 -z A bar graph is made instead of connecting vector elements with a solid line. .TP 14 -Z Don't draw bar graph. This option is set by default. .PP The parse routines internal to .B qplot allow for two default mechanisms to specify options. The first method is to create a file `.qplotrc' in your HOME directory (see environ (5)). In it, one can place options and flags that .B qplot will use before it parses your command line. The syntax is one command or flag string per line. .PP As an example, consider the case where the user wishes to always obtain output on the Versatec and the plot be framed. Also the length of the axes are desired to be 6 units and the number of digits in the axes annotation set to 4. The correct format for the file `.qplotrc' would be: .RS 1i -vf len=6 dig=4 .RE .PP The second method to set default options is to set the environment variable `QPLOTARGS'. The format of `QPLOTARGS' is the same as the input command line. .PP The options set in the previous example can be set using the following procedure: .PP For /bin/sh: $QPLOTARGS='-vf len=6 dig=4' $export QPLOTARGS .PP For /bin/csh $setenv QPLOTARGS '-vf len=6 dig=4' .PP If you need to set up labels with the `xl=', `yl=', `bl=', `tl=', or `el=' options, surround the respective option with double quotes. An example: $QPLOTARGS='-vf "xl=this is the x axis label"' There is no way to get a double quote into the label field. .PP .B Qplot will parse the file `.qplotrc' first, if it exists. Then it will parse `QPLOTARGS', if it exists. Finally, .B qplot will parse the command line. .SH SEE ALSO: graphics/crc .SH FUTURE Eventually all devices except for plot format will be phased out. It is not practical for .I qplot to know about every possible output device. Instead it is better that .I qplot output a generic format with infinite resolution and let each device filter produce the best plot possible. .SH AUTHOR Carl Crawford .SH FILES .TP 14 /etc/cpu Contains name of host .SH APPENDIX: Input file conventions .PP .B Qplot users should write the data for the `x' and `y' files in binary format to make the most efficient use of the machine. This format will be explained in detail in this appendix for the benefit of users who have had little or no experience with binary files. .PP The normal output mode from programs is what will be called an ASCII or displayable format. This type of output can be directed to the terminal for inspection by the user. The output is generated with a .B formatted write. This type of data can be read by .B qplot using the ',a' modifier to the file name. .PP Internally a program assigns a certain number of bytes to each variable used. When a formatted .B write is initiated, the number is converted from the internal binary representation to a string containing displayable ASCII characters. When sending data between programs, it is a waste of time to convert data from binary to ASCII and then from ASCII back into binary. This is the reason why .B qplot encourages binary data as input. .PP Each programming language's internal variable types map into a .B qplot byte declaration field. The following list gives the correspondence between the internal variable types and the .B qplot byte declaration for some of the commonly used languages on the UNIX operating system. .nf .ta 0.3i 1.5i 3.4i 4.6i C: (11's) C: (Vax) TYPE DECLARATION TYPE DECLARATION short i or s short s int i or s int i or l long l long i or l float f float f char c or cs char c or cs double d double d .ne 8 FORTRAN:(F77) FORTRAN: (F4P) TYPE DECLARATION TYPE DECLARATION integer l byte c or cs integer*2 s real f real f double d double d integer s or i character*1 c or cs integer*4 l APL: (APL) APL: (APL2) TYPE DECLARATION TYPE DECLARATION numeric d numeric f character c or cs character c or cs PASCAL (11's) PASCAL (Vax) TYPE DECLARATION TYPE DECLARATION integer s or i integer l or i real f real f .fi .PP Unformatted writes in C can be obtained using the .B fwrite subroutine. See stdio(3) for more information. .PP In FORTRAN using the F77 compiler there are two ways to obtain unformated writes. The first is to use the .B ucreat and .B uwrite subroutines. They are the analog to C's .B write and .B creat subroutines. See the documentation for the C versions for more information on the syntax. When compiling your program add `-lU77' to the end of the command line. .PP The easiest way to get unformated writes from FORTRAN is to just write the data without a `format' statement. An example would be: .nf real x(100),y(100) write(2)x write(3)y .fi In this example two files would be generated named `fort.2' and `fort.3'. The F77 compiler also generates code to produce record counts in its binary files. The program strip7(1) will remove the record counts from binary files generated with F77. The output file names can be changed using the FORTRAN subroutine .B open. See the compiler manual for more information. SHAR_EOF chdir .. # End of shell archive exit 0 -- Rich $alz "Anger is an energy" Cronus Project, BBN Labs rsalz@bbn.com Moderator, comp.sources.unix sources@uunet.uu.net