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- Submitted-by: stephe@mks.com (Stephen Walli)
-
- USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
- Stephen Walli <stephe@usenix.org>, Report Editor
-
-
- Report on POSIX.2: Shell and Utilities
-
- David Rowley <david@mks.com> reports on the January 13-17
- meeting in Irvine, CA:
-
- Summary
- The end is in sight. POSIX.2 (Shell and Utilities) Draft
- 11.2 closed its recirculation ballot last October 21. Draft
- 11.3 is due out any day now. A full draft (Draft 12) will
- be recirculated to the IEEE working group before the final
- standard is adopted. POSIX.2a (UPE) Draft 8 closed its
- recirculation ballot on January 24. Both standards are
- expected to be approved as full-use IEEE standards at the
- September meeting of the IEEE Standards Board.
-
- Work on POSIX.2b continues, including the contentious new
- file format for PAX and extensions to the POSIX.2 utilities
- to handle symbolic links.
-
- The first cut at test assertions for POSIX.2 has been
- wrapped up, and assertions for POSIX.2a begun.
-
- Background
-
- A brief POSIX.2 project description:
- -- POSIX.2 is the base standard dealing with the basic
- shell programming language and a set of utilities required
- for the portability of shell scripts. It excludes most
- features that might be considered interactive. POSIX.2
- also standardizes command-line and function interfaces
- related to certain POSIX.2 utilities (e.g., popen(),
- regular expressions, etc.). This part of POSIX.2, which
- was developed first, is sometimes known as ``Dot 2
- Classic.''
- -- POSIX.2a, the User Portability Extension or UPE, is a
- supplement to the base standard. It standardizes commands,
- such as vi, that might not appear in shell scripts, but
- are important enough that users must learn them on any
- real system. It is essentially an interactive standard,
- and will eventually be an optional chapter to a future
- draft of the base document. This approach allows the
- adoption of the UPE to trail Dot 2 Classic without
- delaying it.
- Some utilities have both interactive and non-interactive
- features. In such cases, the UPE defines extensions from
- the base POSIX.2 utility. Features used both
- interactively and in scripts tend to be defined in the
- base standard.
- -- POSIX.2b is a newly approved project which will cover
- extensions and new requests from other groups, such as a
- new file format for PAX and extensions for symbolic links.
-
- Together, Dot 2 Classic and the UPE will make up the
- International Standards Organization's ISO 9945-2--the
- second volume of the proposed ISO three-volume POSIX
- standard.
-
- POSIX.2 Status
-
- Hal Jespersen, Chair of POSIX.2, is about to send out Draft
- 11.3. This is likely the last ``changes-only'' draft of
- POSIX.2.
-
- The POSIX.2/D11.2 recirculation ballot closed October 21,
- and resolution of ballot objections has completed.
-
- Balloting of Draft 11.2 has been held open pending the
- arrival of ISO comments. All changes for the next draft
- (11.3) will be forwarded to ISO through the US TAG.
-
- It is expected that a final draft 12 of POSIX.2 will be made
- ready in time for the May WG15 meeting in New Zealand, and
- should be approved as a Draft International Standard.
-
- The technical content of the standard has more or less
- stabilized. Most recent changes relate to clarifications in
- wording.
-
- POSIX.2a Status
-
- POSIX.2a is also coming down the home stretch, as the
- technical content has stabilized. Ballot resolution for
- POSIX.2a (UPE) Draft 8 was completed. The ballot closed on
- January 24. The next draft will likely be a quick
- ``changes-only'' recirculation, labelled draft 8.1. It
- should appear any day now.
-
- The ISO ballot ends in April. All comments will be rolled
- into a Draft 9 which will be produced in time to be carried
- to ISO in May for approval as a Draft International Standard
- (DIS).
-
- Hal Jespersen expects that both standards should be given
- final full-use IEEE approval at the September meeting of the
- IEEE Standards Board.
-
- Internationalization Inadequacies
-
- Randall Howard, President of MKS, put forward a proposal to
- the POSIX.2b working group to define a system API to the
- internationalization information embodied in a POSIX.2
- locale. Routines to access collation elements, detect
- membership within a character class and extensions to the
- strftime() call were presented. The group felt that since
- it was a system API, not a utility, it rightfully belongs in
- POSIX.1. When the same presentation was given to POSIX.1,
- they expressed the opinion that parts of the proposal were
- better suited to the ANSI or ISO C Standard efforts.
- Unfortunately, they don't necessarily want it since they
- haven't (yet) adopted the POSIX.2 definition of a locale.
- This all demonstrates that the POSIX process cannot
- effectively deal with issues that cut across a number of
- working groups and/or standards. Perhaps the Systems
- Interface Coordination Committee (SICC) that has recently
- been formed within POSIX can help address some of these
- issues.
-
- Comments on ISO 10646
-
- The ISO working group that is responsible for the ISO 10646
- character set standard (which now includes the Unicode
- work,) has asked the POSIX.2 working group for their opinion
- on their current proposal.
-
- The working group expressed much concern over the use of
- null octets within the valid character codes. Since
- computer languages such as ``C'' make use of nulls as a
- string termination marker, a lot of existing code would have
- to be heavily modified in order to support the new standard.
- The working group was against the proposal for this reason.
- Apparently the ISO/ANSI C working group has expressed
- similar concerns.
-
- Symbolic Links
-
- Dawn Burnett from USL submitted a proposal on extending the
- POSIX.2 and POSIX.2a utilities to support symbolic links,
- based on the System V implementation. The problems that
- arise from symbolic linked directories were discussed at
- length. There is nothing more irritating than changing to a
- directory, printing the current working directory only to
- find that you have been magically warped to a completely
- different spot in the file system. A proposal to maintain
- both physical (``Where am I'') and virtual (``How did I get
- here'') paths was offered. The text will find its way into
- the next draft of POSIX.2b for further discussion.
-
- Test Methods
-
- Real progress was made completing the remaining test
- assertions for POSIX.2, and beginning the POSIX.2a work. A
- style guide for writing consistent assertions has yet to
- appear, but the group seems to have found its stride and is
- working well.
-
- Test assertions for the interactive utilities have yet to be
- tackled, but it is expected that it will not be as difficult
- as first anticipated. The assertions for ``vi'', ``talk'',
- etc will describe (in precise English) what action must take
- place upon the stated input. The process whereby the
- results are verified will be left up to the test suite
- implementor.
-
- New PAX Archive Format
-
- Work continues on the new PAX archive format. A consensus
- is (slowly) starting to brew. The issue of supported
- filename code sets is a thorny one, especially since POSIX
- has not addressed any code set issues in a general way (such
- as adopting the X/Open iconv utility and API).
-
- The problems stem from wanting to use the format to address
- both universal archive transportability as well as local
- file system backup and restore. One concentrating on a
- standard common ground, the other wanting the flexibility of
- representing the full local filename character set. This is
- the most contentious area of the format, and there will
- likely be much wailing and gnashing of teeth before the dust
- settles.
-
- If you have any interest in this area, the group would be
- pleased to hear from you.
-
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 27, Number 56
-
-