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- Submitted-by: jmoore@ssd.Kodak.Com (James H. Moore)
-
- I just tried to post a question to comp.doc and
- comp.unix.question regarding this very subject. Although
- no longer in system administration, I now answer questions
- for users, and recently tried to create a .login file that
- would pick up appropriate paths of executables, shared
- libraries, and on-line manual pages. I ran into some
- file system structure roadblocks, and asked a similar question
- regarding standards, do they exist and what can be done.
-
- Specifically, I found in trying to create a .login file
- that would localize variances of networks within our
- division, while allowing for variability in architecture,
- operating system level, GUI as well. (Sooner or later
- you may have to deal with natural language variables as
- well. For europe, it is probably sooner -- like now).
- I dealt with various philosophies, and problems.
-
- The most visible was how many levels of sharing are permitted,
- and how vendors package software. I know that many vendors
- put packages under /usr for convenience. Most system
- administrators move these elsewhere to a partition(s) which
- won't be wiped out at the next system upgrade. [This is a
- standard enough practice, from my limited visibility. If
- someone would standardize on a name for this applications
- partition - local candidates include /licensed, /licensed4,
- /packages or any one of the previous under the /u directory]
-
- How authors/vendors view their "space" seems to differ.
- Frequently there is "encapsulation", where a vendor puts
- everything binaries, configuration files, shared libraries,
- and manual pages under one heading, the package name. That
- is fine, it make individual package upgrades easy. If the
- application uses an environment variable, and a shell script
- which add appropriate things to access shared libraries, and
- man pages, you are in good shape, you can even run multiple
- versions at once (like testing a new version when it comes
- out, or allowing projects near completion to finish without
- using the new an improved version).
-
- But often there are naming problems in subdirectories: sometimes
- the encapsulation is by architecture, so you have .../vendor/bin
- .../vendor/lib etc. These are picked off of the distribution
- tape by architecture.
-
- Others, create the main directory, and then pick off
- architectures one by one, allowing the sharing of man
- pages and configuration or data files.
-
- E.g. .../vendor/sun3/bin .../vendor/sun3/lib .../vendor/sun4/bin
- .../vendor/sun4/lib .../vendor/share .../vendor/etc [sometimes
- the "etc" directory is under "share", othertimes it is not.
-
- Some do like "." better than "/". So you find .../vendor/bin.sun3
- and .../vendor/bin.sun4. This saves no keystrokes, and usually
- implies that the applications do not make use of shared libraries.
-
- When the applications make use of a GUI, things get more
- interesting. Most append an X somewhere for X applications.
- Others do things with "ow" for OpenWindows(tm) (actually OpenLook
- (tm)), and "m" for Motif(tm). The problem is that these
- postfixes can be anywhere, and sometimes users have a menu
- to select a windowing system in their .login.
-
- After the "encapsulated" approach is the "installed" approach,
- where binaries are added to /usr/bin, man pages to /usr/man, libraries to /usr/lib, and data to /usr/etc. This works,
- leveraging existing mechanisms to provide the user with access.
-
- Two last issues surface, in a related way, from a users perspective,
- in getting access to the applications that they want.
-
- One is a concept of "locality" - i.e. what is "local". What
- needs to be local to the machine, working group, subnet, and
- what is "global" to the organization. This has a lot of
- facets, mainly centered around how you handle overlap.
-
- The second concept has to do with a concept that I have seen
- prototyped in yellow pages, and bantered around as being part
- of the file system. Create tables for users, either tables
- of paths for users (distributed via rpc program or yellow
- pages), or have a part of the directories files which define
- variability, and set up user's paths and variables for them
- ("source" files, or environment scripts).
-
- The issue of standardizing encapsulation seems to be the easiest,
- and would probably make system managers and users lives a lot
- simpler.
-
- Has anyone worked these things out? Are there RFCs? Is
- POSIX.7 addressing these?
-
- Thanks for listening. Thanks for any help or suggestions.
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - James H. Moore, USC, ISPD, Eastman Kodak Co, (716)726-0322 - - -
- - jmoore@ssd.kodak.com, PROFS: DDTC12(JMOORE) VMS: DDTC12::JMOORE - -
- May the Lord bless you, in Jesus's name for blessing me with your help!
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 24, Number 47
-
-