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- From: Jeffrey S. Haemer <jsh@usenix.org>
-
-
- An Update on UNIX* and C Standards Activities
-
- January 1990
-
- USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
-
- Jeffrey S. Haemer, Report Editor
-
- IEEE 1003.11: Transaction Processing Update
-
- Bob Snead <bobs@ico.isc.com> reports on the January 8-12, 1990 meeting
- in New Orleans, LA:
-
- Context
-
- Our charter is to develop an application profile for POSIX Transaction
- Processing (TP). We're wrestling with both the content of our profile
- and the idea of a profile, since the profiles are new to POSIX.
- [Editor: Jim Isaak reviews application profiles in the February IEEE
- Computer.]
-
- The content is influenced by two other TP efforts: OSI's DTP and
- X/OPEN's XTP. We must handle OSI DTP, just to gain ISO acceptance--a
- goal of all the 1003 efforts. In theory, XTP is just another
- proprietary concern. In fact, XTP's ongoing deliberations are
- currently confidential. Moreover, X/OPEN isn't an official standards
- body so we can't officially reference XTP in our profile.
- Nevertheless, XTP will carry considerable weight, since it will be a
- multi-vendor consensus on how to do UNIX TP.
-
- Models
-
- As at previous meetings, we spent much time discussing TP models. For
- the most part these discussions were based on a snapshot of XTP's
- model released to non-X/OPEN members some time ago. Each model we
- discussed consisted of three or four of the following elements:
- Application Programs (APs), Resource Managers (RMs, like database
- managers), Communications Managers (CMs, like TCP/IP), and Transaction
- Managers (TMs, which enforce the transaction protocol among APs, CMs
- and RMs). Here, in chronological order, were the major topics of
- discussion.
-
- We discussed whether a CM might just be an instance of an RM (viewing
- an instance of a communications protocol or link as a resource), but
- concluded that attributes of CMs make them fundamentally different
- beasts (though, to be honest, it's still not clear to me why).
- __________
-
- * UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the U.S. and other
- countries.
-
- January 1990 Standards Update IEEE 1003.11: Transaction Processing
-
-
- - 2 -
-
- We considered several models based on XTP, but differing from one
- another in the roles of the CM and the interfaces between the AP and
- CM. We concluded that each communications protocol would have to have
- its own CM, and that our model must support multiple concurrently
- active CMs. A CM, though, is more than just its protocol support. It
- has to include support for additional functionality required for DTP.
- We never concluded whether or not an AP should talk directly to a CM,
- or to a CM via the TM.
-
- Requirements
-
- In the course of the model discussions, it became clear that many of
- us had different requirements in mind, so we shifted our focus to
- requirements to try to reach some consensus. Ultimately, we decided
- that POSIX TP must:
-
- - be mappable onto OSI DTP,
-
- - support global (distributed) transactions,
-
- - support chained and unchained transactions,
-
- - support a conversational mode,
-
- - provide data conversion (e.g., ASN.1),
-
- - ensure that POSIX RPC supports DTP semantics,
-
- - ensure that DTP can be accomplished through RPC,
-
- - provide for location independence via directory services, and
-
- - provide for security of data.
-
- Exercises
-
- We decided to break the modeling deadlock by focusing on the AP/TM
- interface and ignoring communication. We worked several examples,
- following ISO DTP services but using an RPC paradigm, and concluded
- that an API based in RPCs would need at least four services:
-
- - one for a caller to start a transaction,
-
- - one for a callee to find out if it is participating in a
- transaction,
-
- - one for a callee to abort a transaction,
-
- January 1990 Standards Update IEEE 1003.11: Transaction Processing
-
-
- - 3 -
-
- - one for a caller to commit or abort a transaction.
-
- We also identified the following assumptions for TP via RPC:
-
- - A thread of control (TOC) can be in at most one transaction at
- any given time.
-
- - If one TOC communicates with another, the latter joins the
- former's transaction by default.
-
- - No nested transactions are permitted.
-
- - A GTRID (Global TRansaction ID) can be associated with multiple
- TOCs and multiple RMs.
-
- - A transaction has only one initiator and only the initiator can
- issue commit. Any TOC may abort.
-
- January 1990 Standards Update IEEE 1003.11: Transaction Processing
-
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 19, Number 9
-
-