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- Submitted-by: jsh@usenix.org (Jeffrey S. Haemer)
-
- An Update on UNIX1-Related Standards Activities
-
- September 1990
-
- USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
-
- Jeffrey S. Haemer, Report Editor
-
- NIST Shell-and-Tools FIPS Workshop
-
- Donald Lewine <lewine@cheshirecat.webo.dg.com> reports on the
- September 6, 1990 meeting in Gaithersburg, MD:
-
- The Federal Government publishes Federal Information Processing
- Standards (FIPS) for use in buying and using computers. One set of
- FIPS deal with systems with ``POSIX-like interfaces.'' The government
- will purchase about $17 Billion worth of POSIX systems in FY91.
- Standards let the government avoid vendor-specific requirements like
- UNIX or SVID. The theory is that the larger the number of vendors
- that can meet the specification the lower the cost to the taxpayer.
- Whether that's true or not, using standards makes it harder to protest
- a purchase decision.
-
- On September 6, the National Institute of Standards and Technology
- (NIST) held a workshop to gather input from industry and federal
- agencies on the wisdom of adopting Draft 9 of the IEEE Standard for
- POSIX Shell and Utility Application Interface (P1003.2) as a Federal
- Information Processing Standard (FIPS).
-
- The meeting was attended by about a dozen system vendors and about
- half that many Federal agencies.
-
- Roger Martin of NIST opened the meeting with what was to be a three-
- minute introduction. NIST's agenda was to collect specific comments
- on the FIPS as printed on Page 23959 of the Federal Register. The
- vendors' agenda was to get NIST to give up the idea of adopting a FIPS
- until after the IEEE standard is final. Not surprisingly, given this
- clash, Roger's opening remarks ran over by a factor of 20.
-
- Here is NIST's case for adopting a FIPS based on POSIX.2/D9:
-
- 1. The federal government is going to purchase about $17 billion
- worth of systems with ``POSIX-like interfaces.'' NIST wants to
- give the agencies as must help as possible. Draft 9 is a good
- enough standard to serve this purpose.
-
- __________
-
- 1. UNIXTM is a Registered Trademark of UNIX System Laboratories in
- the United States and other countries.
-
- September 1990 Standards Update NIST Shell-and-Tools FIPS Workshop
-
-
- - 2 -
-
- 2. It takes about a year to get a FIPS adopted. If POSIX.2 is not
- approved until mid-1991, a FIPS based on draft 9 will have a
- significant lifespan.2
-
- 3. If NIST were to publish a FIPS, it would accelerate the
- production of the P1003.2 standard. (just as FIPS 151
- accelerated IEEE 1003.1-1988).
-
- 4. No agency is going to be stupid enough to demand draft 9 if a
- vendor can supply a system conforming to a later draft or to the
- final standard, so the FIPS will do no harm. (This was hotly
- debated.)
-
- After that introduction, and before the next attack on Roger Martin,
- Sheila Frankel and Rick Kuhn described the technical content of the
- FIPS. Basically, the idea is to adopt draft 9 minus the parts that
- might change. There are about 25 items that may change. NIST is
- looking for specific technical comments by October 15. Send comments
- to <frankel@swe.ncsl.nist.gov>.
-
- Comments like, ``I don't know if _____ is technically correct but I
- like the general idea,'' are welcome for specific items. Comments
- from government users are especially welcome. Comments from industry
- on the general wisdom of adopting a FIPS prior to the final IEEE
- approval of a standard will not be very welcome.
-
- Roger Martin came back for another round of target practice. He went
- over the general policy of NIST, which is to adopt standards from
- outside and at the highest possible level. The levels are, highest to
- lowest:
-
- - International Standards
-
- - National Standards
-
- - Draft Standards
-
- - de facto Standards
-
- __________
-
- 2. Just because the IEEE approves a standard does not make it a
- Federal Information Processing Standard. The feds still have to
- go through the entire legal process of publishing it in the
- Federal Register, collecting comments, writing responses to those
- comments, and getting it signed by the Secretary of Commerce.
- This process takes about a year even for a null standard.
-
- September 1990 Standards Update NIST Shell-and-Tools FIPS Workshop
-
-
- - 3 -
-
- NIST could be convinced to change from POSIX.2/D9 to POSIX.2/D10.
- Here are the factors it will consider:
-
- 1. How much delay is introduced (Three months may be OK. One year
- is unacceptable.)
-
- 2. Is Draft 10 that much better than Draft 9? Is this just a
- delaying action?
-
- Shane McCarron, former Watchdog Report Editor (now of UNIX
- International), made a great speech pointing out how much wasted
- effort would occur if every vendor had to rush out and implement
- POSIX.2/D9. The NIST people seemed shocked at how different
- POSIX.2/D9 is from existing practice. [Editor: See Randall Howard's
- POSIX.2 report for some examples of just how different Draft 9 is from
- Drafts 8 and 10.] Nevertheless, the argument seemed to fall on deaf
- ears, because NIST claimed that a promise to meet the FIPS should be
- good enough and everyone can still wait for AT&T USL to write the
- code.
-
- It was pointed out that Congress did not allocate enough funding for
- NIST to do much testing for POSIX.2 conformance. This means that
- vendors will have to ``self certify'' and coverage may vary. After
- some discussion this item was placed into the ``write your
- representative'' category, because only Congress can allocate the
- money.
-
- NIST pointed out that they are under a great deal of pressure to
- ``advise'' federal agencies who want to move to open systems. A large
- percentage of RFPs for POSIX-like systems will be coming from groups
- who know nothing about such systems. Vendors were worried that this
- ``advice'' would end up in court cases and be read by judges as
- ``regulations.''
-
- In my opinion, NIST is going to go ahead and publish a flawed FIPS in
- the belief that it will drive the IEEE to pick up the pace of POSIX.
- The Government has a burning need for a standard, they find it
- politically unacceptable to use UNIX System V as that standard, and
- they strongly prefer action over waiting for the IEEE.
-
- September 1990 Standards Update NIST Shell-and-Tools FIPS Workshop
-
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 21, Number 146
-
-