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- From: seismo!hao!asgb!devine (Bob Devine)
- Date: Tue, 25 Feb 86 19:58:51 mst
-
- First of all, sorry for the length of this article. I've been
- doing job search type of things the last week.
-
- It appears that this will be my last posting from this site.
- The Burroughs Distributed Systems Group was severely cut for budget
- reasons. The uucp site "asgb" (it stood for Advanced Systems Group,
- Boulder) will soon be no more. In fact, there are only a few
- terminals left attached to any VAX. Our site officially closed
- a week and a half ago.
-
- There has been many responses to my proposal for the handling
- of timezones and Daylight Saving Time rules. Let me respond to
- them according to subject. However, let me first reiterate the
- important ideas presented in my proposal of a month ago:
-
- 1. a single timezone definition exists for that system;
- this definition is the default
-
- 2. timezone and DST rules are kept and passed as
- environment variables
-
- 3. a user (or program) can override the default definition
-
- The above can be considered a "cleaned-up" way of handling timezone
- compared to AT&T System III and V. DST handling is just an analogous
- extension to this. I proposed this method to deal with the coming
- UNIX usage throughout the world. Specifically, the product line we
- were developing used UNIX and was to be offered everywhere Burroughs
- does business.
-
- My proposal's biggest (and intended) limitation is its inability to
- deal with past years at all. To do that requires a table of such
- changes as elsie!ado's proposes. However, after I started collecting
- such rules and saw that they numbered in the thousands I decided for
- the simpler proposal. If anyone wants to, they can see my collection
- gathered from a person from the DOT, someone at the National Bureau of
- Standards, and several publications from the American Federation of
- Astrologers. However, any collection becomes old quickly. For example,
- China just this month started using 4 timezones instead of the one
- centered on Bejing.
-
- On to the criticisms and questions:
-
- 1. Format of proposed DST variable. Are 0 or 2 changes per year
- sufficient? (Chris Torek, Mark Horton and Andy Glew)
- I believe so for all places __currently__. The only places that
- I have found to use Double Summer Time are:
- Argentina 1924 and 1969
- Azores 1942 (unclear)
- France some areas 1940-42
- everywhere 1943-46 and 1976-77
- Great Britain 1941-47
- Portugal 1942
- Spain 1942-1946
- Tunisia 194x (unclear)
-
- If Double Summer Time is in modern use, four changes can be put
- into the DST variable. Re-reading my response to Chris Torek,
- I see that I was unclear. I wrote that no rules would "violate the
- assumptions" made for the DST variable. What was not clear was
- the assumption that 4 changes could be used.
-
- 2. Numerals, '-', or '+' in timezone names. (Chris Torek and Mark Horton)
- I don't know. Does anyone have a list of legal timezone names
- and abbreviations (if any) as used by each country? I have English
- equivalents for some. The TZ variable can be modified to use
- field separator characters between the names and offset from UT.
- A note: the sign used for the offset should match ISO standards,
- which is the opposite of System V conventions. Sorry, I don't have
- the ISO document number than details this; it's in a box somewhere.
-
- 3. "/etc/TIMEZONE" is too specific. Use functions. (Guy Harris)
- For the purpose of P1003, Guy is right. To avoid the confusion
- of all new CTIME(3C) functions, the existing functions should be
- kept though with modifications. A problem lurks in the use of
- the ctime() function where programs copy the returned string into
- a too short array.
-
- 4. Proposed TZ format is too unlike Sys V's. (Guy Harris)
-
- System V's use of difference is hours is just plain wrong for
- many places (eg., Dominican Republic, Iran, and Saudi Arabia
- where local custom dictates midnight is when the sun sets).
- I proposed using just minutes. Guy proposes the form "[+/-]H[:m]"
- where "H" is hours and "m" is minutes. It's a matter of choice.
- It may be preferable to use seconds to be on the safe side.
-
-
- 5. Who puts TZ and DST into a user's environment? (Guy Harris)
-
- The easy answer is "whatever puts TZ there now". It is an OS
- specific mechanism. "login" could do it or a user's login shell
- upon starting up could do it. I didn't specify in the proposal.
-
-
- 6. What about utilities not run by a logged-in user? (Guy Harris)
-
- Such utilities should only have to use a library call to obtain
- the timezone name (if desired) and the local time.
-
-
- 7. Use files to hold information about that timezone.
- (steinmetz!davidsen and ncr-sd!greg (Greg Noel))
-
- Using a file with the name of a timezone won't work for Daylight
- Saving Time rules because one timezone may span multiple countries
- with its named unchanged (eg., Canada and USA) yet the countries may
- have different rules for daylight saving time. Furthermore, within
- one country, not all areas within a timezone use DST the same way
- (eg., Indiana, Arizona). A two dimensional grid of timezones and
- countries might be possible but this would probably get unwieldy quickly.
- For users of network file systems and diskless workstations: beware,
- proximity does not imply same rules (for a bad dream, think of a network
- that spans a timezone where there is only one file server and the rest
- of the nodes are diskless -- this contrived example is hard to solve
- with any proposal).
- The second point is that the name of the timezone has to be known
- somehow -- both the default timezone and, if the user selects one,
- the non-system name. This brings to mind an easy solution of
- environment variables.
-
-
- Let me close with the requirements, as I see them, for the handling of
- timezone and DST information. It might be better to debate these instead
- of any specific proposals.
-
- 1. every site must have default information on its timezone and for DST rules
- 2. information about the past, while it may be needed in some situations,
- is not essential
- 3. information about other timezones and areas, while it may be needed
- in some situations, is not essential
- 4. a user (or program) should be allowed to change the timezone and DST
- information for their use only
- 5. because the local time conversion is used often, it should be fast
- 6. changes to the system-default information should be easy to make
-
- So long,
- Bob Devine
- (home phone: 303/772-2410)
-
- Volume-Number: Volume 5, Number 62
-
-