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Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
From: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
Subject: v28i078: perlref - Perl Reference Guide 4.019.1 [LaTeX and Postscript], Part02/03
Message-ID: <1992Feb26.175834.25562@sparky.imd.sterling.com>
X-Md4-Signature: 870a81f3ae21f7b19647d10bd1934b42
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1992 17:58:34 GMT
Approved: kent@sparky.imd.sterling.com
Submitted-by: jv@mh.nl (Johan Vromans)
Posting-number: Volume 28, Issue 78
Archive-name: perlref/part02
Environment: Perl, Postscript, Latex
#!/bin/sh
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file refbase.ps continued
#
if test ! -r _shar_seq_.tmp; then
echo 'Please unpack part 1 first!'
exit 1
fi
(read Scheck
if test "$Scheck" != 2; then
echo Please unpack part "$Scheck" next!
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
) < _shar_seq_.tmp || exit 1
if test ! -f _shar_wnt_.tmp; then
echo 'x - still skipping refbase.ps'
else
echo 'x - continuing file refbase.ps'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> 'refbase.ps' &&
Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(parsed)g(and)h(executed)f(as)h(if)f(it)g(were)h(a)g(perl)f
(program.)h(The)f(value)472 2051 y
(returned)h(is)f(the)g(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g(expression)g(evaluated.)g
(If)h(there)g(is)f(a)h(syntax)472 2108 y
(error)h(or)e(runtime)g(error)n(,)h(an)g(unde\256ned)f(string)g(is)g
(returned)g(by)g Fd(eval)p Fj(,)h(and)f Fi($@)h Fj(is)f(set)472 2164 y
(to)g(the)h(error)g(message.)354 2229 y
Fd(eval)p Fa({)p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(;...)p Fa(})472 2285 y
Fj(Executes)g(the)f(code)h(between)f Fi({)h Fj(and)f Fi(})q Fj(.)g(T)n(raps)h
(run-time)f(errors)h(as)f(described)472 2342 y
(above.)354 2406 y
Fd(index\()p Ff(STR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SUBSTR)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd
(\))472 2463 y
Fj(Returns)g(the)g(position)e(of)i Ff(SUBSTR)f Fj(in)g Ff(STR)h Fj(at)g(or)g
(after)g Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)h(If)f(the)g(substring)472 2519 y
(is)g(not)g(found,)g(returns)h Fi($[-1)p Fj(.)354 2584 y
Fd(length\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2641 y
(Returns)g(the)f(length)g(in)g(characters)h(of)g(the)f(value)g(of)h Ff
(EXPR)p Fj(.)354 2705 y
Fd(rindex\()p Ff(STR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SUBSTR)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd
(\))472 2762 y
Fj(Returns)g(the)f(position)f(of)h(the)g(last)g(occurrence)i(of)e Ff
(SUBSTR)g Fj(in)g Ff(STR)h Fj(at)f(or)g(before)472 2818 y
Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(6)p eop
%%Page: 7 9
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
(substr\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEN)p Fj(])p Fd
(\))472 45 y
Fj(Extracts)e(a)h(substring)e(out)h(of)g Ff(EXPR)g Fj(and)g(returns)g(it.)h
(If)f Ff(OFFSET)i Fj(is)d(negative,)472 101 y
(counts)h(from)g(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(string.)g(May)g(be)h(used)f(as)h(an)f
(lvalue.)355 224 y
Fl(12.)19 b(Array)i(and)f(list)g(functions)p 355 245 1512 2 v 354 346 a Fd
(delete)12 b Fi($)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fi({)o Ff(KEY)p Fi(})472 402 y
Fj(Deletes)g(the)f(speci\256ed)h(value)f(from)g(the)g(speci\256ed)h
(associative)f(array)m(.)i(Returns)e(the)472 459 y
(deleted)h(value.)354 524 y
Fd(each\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 580 y
(Returns)g(a)g(2-element)f(array)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(key)g(and)h(value)f
(for)h(the)f(next)g(value)472 637 y
(of)h(an)f(associative)g(array)m(.)i(Entries)e(are)h(returned)f(in)g(an)h
(apparently)f(random)g(order)m(.)472 693 y
(When)h(the)f(array)h(is)f(entirely)g(read,)i(a)e(null)g(array)h(is)f
(returned.)h(The)f(next)g(call)h(to)472 749 y
Fd(each)g Fj(after)h(that)d(will)h(start)g(iterating)g(again.)354 814 y
Fd(grep\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 871 y
Fj(Evaluates)g Ff(EXPR)g Fj(for)g(each)i(element)e(of)g(the)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(,)h
(locally)e(setting)h Fi($_)h Fj(to)f(refer)h(to)472 927 y
(the)g(element.)f(Modifying)f Fi($_)i Fj(will)e(modify)h(the)g(corresponding)g
(element)g(from)472 984 y
Ff(LIST)p Fj(.)h(Returns)f(array)i(of)e(elements)g(from)g Ff(LIST)g Fj(for)h
(which)f Ff(EXPR)f Fj(returned)i(true.)354 1048 y
Fd(join\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 1105 y
Fj(Joins)e(the)h(separate)h(strings)e(of)h Ff(LIST)g Fj(into)f(a)h(single)g
(string)f(with)g(\256elds)h(separated)g(by)472 1161 y
(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(EXPR)p Fj(,)g(and)h(returns)f(the)g(string.)354 1226 y
Fd(keys\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1282 y
(Returns)h(an)f(array)i(with)d(of)i(all)f(the)g(keys)g(of)h(the)f(named)g
(associative)g(array)m(.)354 1347 y
Fd(pop\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1404 y
(Pops)h(and)f(returns)g(the)g(last)g(value)h(of)f(the)g(array)m(,)i(shortens)e
(the)g(array)h(by)f(1.)354 1468 y
Fd(push\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 1525 y
Fj(Pushes)h(the)f(values)g(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(onto)e(the)h(end)h(of)f Ff(ARRA)m
(Y)p Fj(.)g(The)g(length)g(of)g(the)h(array)472 1581 y
(increases)g(by)f(the)h(length)e(of)i Ff(LIST)p Fj(.)354 1646 y
Fd(reverse\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1703 y
(In)g(array)g(context:)f(returns)g(the)g Ff(LIST)g Fj(in)g(reverse)h(order)m
(.)472 1759 y
(In)g(scalar)g(context:)e(returns)i(the)f(\256rst)g(element)g(of)h Ff
(LIST)f Fj(with)f(bytes)h(reversed.)354 1824 y
Fd(scalar\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 1880 y
Fj(Returns)h(the)f(number)g(of)g(elements)g(in)g(the)g(array)m(.)354 1945 y
Fd(scalar\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))472 2001 y
Fj(Returns)h(TRUE)g(if)f(the)g(associative)g(array)h(has)f(elements)g
(de\256ned.)354 2066 y
Fd(shift)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2123 y
(Shifts)g(the)h(\256rst)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(array)h(of)o(f)g(and)f(returns)h
(it,)f(shortening)f(the)h(array)i(by)e(1)472 2179 y
(and)h(moving)e(everything)g(down.)i(If)g Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)e Fj(is)h
(omitted,)g(shifts)f Fi(@ARGV)j Fj(in)e(main)472 2236 y
(and)h Fi(@_)g Fj(in)f(subroutines.)354 2300 y
Fd(sort\()h Fj([)p Ff(SUBROUTINE)f Fj(])g Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2357 y
(Sorts)h(the)f Ff(LIST)g Fj(and)g(returns)h(the)f(sorted)g(array)h(value.)g
(If)g Ff(SUBROUTINE)e Fj(is)472 2413 y
(speci\256ed,)j(gives)d(the)i(name)f(of)g(a)h(subroutine)e(that)h(returns)g
(less)g(than)g(zero,)i(zero,)f(or)472 2470 y
(greater)h(than)e(zero,)h(depending)f(on)g(how)g(the)g(elements)g(of)g(the)g
(array)m(,)i(available)e(to)472 2526 y
(the)h(routine)e(as)i Fi($a)g Fj(and)f Fi($b)p Fj(,)i(are)f(to)f(be)h
(ordered.)472 2583 y
Ff(SUBROUTINE)f Fj(may)g(be)h(the)f(name)g(of)h(a)f(user)o(-de\256ned)h
(routine,)g(or)f(a)h Ff(BLOCK)f Fj(\(see)472 2639 y
(\252Statements\272)h(and)f(\252Miscellaneous\272\).)354 2704 y
Fd(splice\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff
(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fj(]])p Fd(\))472 2760 y
Fj(Removes)h(the)f(elements)g(of)g Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)g Fj(designated)g
(by)g Ff(OFFSET)h Fj(and)f Ff(LENGTH)p Fj(,)472 2817 y
(and)h(replaces)g(them)f(with)f Ff(LIST)h Fj(\(if)h(speci\256ed\).)472 2873 y
(Returns)g(the)f(elements)g(removed.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(7)p eop
%%Page: 8 10
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
(split)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)m Fj
([)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIMIT)p Fj(]])p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 45 y
(Splits)e(a)h(string)e(into)h(an)g(array)h(of)g(strings,)e(and)i(returns)f
(it.)g(If)h Ff(LIMIT)e Fj(is)h(speci\256ed,)472 101 y
(splits)f(in)h(no)g(more)h(than)f(that)g(many)f(\256elds.)i(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m
(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(also)g(omitted,)f(splits)472 158 y
(on)i(whitespace.)f(If)h(not)f(in)g(array)h(context:)f(returns)g(number)g(of)g
(\256elds)g(and)h(splits)e(to)472 214 y
Fi(@_)p Fj(.)j(See)f(also:)f(\252Search)i(and)e(Replace)i
(Functions\272.)354 279 y
Fd(unshift\()p Fi(@)p Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 335 y
Fj(Prepends)f(list)f(to)f(the)i(front)f(of)g(the)h(array)m(,)g(and)g(returns)f
(the)g(number)g(of)g(elements)g(in)472 392 y
(the)h(new)f(array)m(.)354 457 y
Fd(values\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 513 y
(Returns)h(a)g(normal)e(array)j(consisting)c(of)j(all)f(the)g(values)g(of)g
(the)h(named)f(associative)472 570 y
(array)m(.)355 693 y
Fl(13.)19 b(File)h(operations)p 355 714 1512 2 v 354 814 a Fj(Functions)11 b
(operating)g(on)g(a)h(list)e(of)h(\256les)h(return)f(the)g(number)g(of)h
(\256les)f(successfully)354 871 y
(operated)h(upon.)354 935 y
Fd(chmod\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 992 y
(Changes)g(the)f(permissions)f(of)h(a)h(list)e(of)i(\256les.)g(The)f(\256rst)h
(element)f(of)g(the)g(list)g(must)472 1048 y
(be)h(the)f(numerical)g(mode.)354 1113 y
Fd(chown\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1170 y
(Changes)h(the)f(owner)h(and)f(group)g(of)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)h(The)f
(\256rst)h(two)f(elements)f(of)i(the)472 1226 y
(list)f(must)f(be)h(the)h(numerical)f(uid)f(and)i(gid.)354 1291 y
Fd(truncate\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(\))472 1347 y
Fj(truncates)g Ff(FILE)f Fj(to)g Ff(SIZE)p Fj(.)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h
(\256lename)g(or)f(a)h(\256lehandle.)354 1412 y
Fd(link\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 1468 y
Fj(Creates)h(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(linked)e(to)h(the)g(old)g
(\256lename.)354 1533 y
Fd(lstat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 1590 y
Fj(Like)h(stat,)f(but)g(does)g(not)f(traverse)i(a)g(\256nal)g(symbolic)e
(link.)354 1654 y
Fd(mkdir\()p Ff(DIR)p Fd(,)p Ff(MODE)p Fd(\))472 1711 y
Fj(Creates)j(a)e(directory)h(with)e(given)h(permissions.)f(Sets)i Fi($!)g Fj
(on)f(failure.)354 1776 y
Fd(readlink\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1832 y
(Returns)h(the)f(value)g(of)h(a)g(symbolic)d(link.)354 1897 y
Fd(rename\()p Ff(OLDNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWNAME)p Fd(\))472 1953 y
Fj(Changes)j(the)f(name)h(of)f(a)h(\256le.)354 2018 y
Fd(rmdir\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)n Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2074 y
(Deletes)g(the)f(directory)g(if)h(it)e(is)h(empty)m(.)g(Sets)h Fi($!)g Fj(on)f
(failure.)354 2139 y
Fd(stat\()p Ff(FILE)p Fd(\))472 2196 y
Fj(Returns)h(a)g(13-element)e(array)j(\()p Fi($)p Fj(dev)m(,)f Fi($)p Fj
(ino,)g Fi($)p Fj(mode,)f Fi($)q Fj(nlink,)f Fi($)q Fj(uid,)h Fi($)p Fj
(gid,)h Fi($)p Fj(rdev)m(,)472 2252 y
Fi($)q Fj(size,)g Fi($)p Fj(atime,)f Fi($)q Fj(mtime,)f Fi($)q Fj(ctime,)h Fi
($)p Fj(blksize,)h Fi($)p Fj(blocks\).)f Ff(FILE)g Fj(can)h(be)g(a)472 2309 y
(\256lehandle,)g(an)e(expression)g(evaluating)g(to)g(a)h(\256lename,)g(or)g Fi
(_)g Fj(to)f(refer)i(to)e(the)h(last)f(\256le)472 2365 y
(test)h(operation.)354 2430 y
Fd(symlink\()p Ff(OLDFILE)p Fd(,)p Ff(NEWFILE)p Fd(\))472 2486 y
Fj(Creates)i(a)e(new)h(\256lename)g(symbolically)d(linked)i(to)g(the)g(old)g
(\256lename.)354 2551 y
Fd(unlink\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2607 y
(Deletes)h(a)f(list)g(of)g(\256les.)354 2672 y
Fd(utime\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2729 y
(Changes)h(the)f(access)h(and)f(modi\256cation)f(times.)g(The)i(\256rst)f
(two)g(elements)f(of)h(the)g(list)472 2785 y
(must)g(be)g(the)g(numerical)g(access)h(and)g(modi\256cation)e
(times.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1838 3065 a Fg(8)p eop
%%Page: 9 11
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(14.)19 b(Directory)j(reading)e(routines)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd
(closedir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 176 y
(Closes)12 b(a)f(directory)h(opened)f(by)g(opendir)m(.)354 241 y
Fd(opendir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(DIRNAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y
Fj(Opens)h(a)f(directory)g(on)h(the)f(handle)g(speci\256ed.)354 362 y
Fd(readdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 418 y
(Returns)h(the)f(next)g(entry)g(\(or)h(an)g(array)g(of)f(entries\))h(in)f(the)g
(directory)m(.)354 483 y
Fd(rewinddir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 540 y
(Positions)f(the)i(directory)f(to)g(the)g(beginning.)354 604 y
Fd(seekdir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(\))472 661 y
Fj(Sets)h(position)e(for)h(readdir)h(on)f(the)g(directory)m(.)354 725 y
Fd(telldir\()p Ff(DIRHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 782 y
(Returns)h(the)f(postion)f(in)h(the)g(directory)m(.)355 905 y
Fl(15.)19 b(Input)i(/)e(Output)p 355 926 V 354 1027 a Fj(In)12 b
(input/output)c(operations,)k Ff(FILEHANDLE)e Fj(may)h(be)h(a)f(\256lehandle)h
(as)f(opened)h(by)f(the)354 1083 y
Fd(open)i Fj(operator)n(,)f(or)g(a)f(scalar)h(variable)g(which)f(evaluates)g
(to)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(a)g(\256lehandle)f(to)354 1140 y
(be)h(used.)354 1204 y
Fd(binmode\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1261 y
(Arranges)g(for)g(the)f(\256le)h(opened)f(on)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(to)g(be)g
(read)h(in)f(\252binary\272)h(mode)472 1317 y
(as)g(opposed)f(to)f(\252text\272)i(mode)f(\(MS-DOS)h(only\).)354 1382 y
Fd(close\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1438 y
(Closes)g(the)f(\256le)h(or)f(pipe)g(associated)g(with)g(the)g(\256le)h
(handle.)354 1503 y
Fd(dbmclose\()p Fi(\045)q Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1560 y
(Breaks)h(the)e(binding)f(between)h(the)h(array)g(and)f(the)g(dbm)g
(\256le.)354 1624 y
Fd(dbmopen\()p Fi(\045)r Ff(ARRA)m(Y)p Fd(,)p Ff(DBMNAME)p Fd(,)d Ff(MODE)p Fd
(\))472 1681 y
Fj(Binds)j(a)h(dbm)f(or)g(ndbm)g(\256le)g(to)g(the)h(associative)e(array)m(.)j
(If)f(the)f(database)h(does)f(not)472 1737 y
(exist,)h(it)e(is)h(created)h(with)f(the)g(indicated)g(mode.)354 1802 y
Fd(eof\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 1859 y
Fj(Returns)h(1)f(if)g(the)h(next)f(read)h(will)e(return)i(end)f(of)g(\256le,)i
(or)e(if)g(the)h(\256le)f(is)g(not)g(open.)354 1923 y
Fd(eof)56 b Fj(Returns)12 b(the)f(eof)h(status)e(for)i(the)f(last)g(\256le)h
(read.)354 1988 y
Fd(eof\()g(\))472 2045 y
Fj(Indicates)g(eof)f(on)h(the)f(pseudo)f(\256le)i(formed)g(of)f(the)g
(\256les)h(listed)e(on)h(the)g(command)472 2101 y
(line.)354 2166 y
Fd(fcntl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)o Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd
(\))472 2222 y
Fj(Implements)f(the)i Fc(fcntl)p Fj(\(2\))f(function.)g(This)f(function)h(has)g
(non-standard)g(return)472 2279 y
(values.)h(See)g(the)g(manual)e(for)i(details.)354 2343 y
Fd(\256leno\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2400 y
(Returns)g(the)f(\256le)h(descriptor)f(for)h(a)f(given)g(\(open\))h
(\256le.)354 2465 y
Fd(\257ock\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPERA)m(TION)p Fd(\))472 2521 y
Fj(Calls)f Fc(\257ock)q Fj(\(2\))g(on)g(the)g(\256le.)g Ff(OPERA)m(TION)g Fj
(adds)f(from)h(1)g(\(shared\),)g(2)g(\(exclusive\),)g(4)472 2578 y
(\(non-blocking\))g(or)g(8)g(\(unlock\).)354 2642 y
Fd(getc)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2699 y
(Y)m(ields)h(the)f(next)g(character)i(from)e(the)g(\256le,)h(or)g Fi("")g Fj
(on)f(EOF)l(.)h(If)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 2755 y
(omitted,)g(reads)h(from)f Fi(STDIN)p Fj(.)354 2820 y
Fd(ioctl\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FUNCTION)p Fd(,)p Fi($)n Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd
(\))472 2876 y
Fj(performs)h Fc(ioctl)p Fj(\(2\))f(on)g(the)g(\256le.)h(This)f(function)f
(has)i(non-standard)e(return)i(values.)472 2933 y
(See)h(the)e(manual)g(for)h(details.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(9)p eop
%%Page: 10 12
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
(open\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj([)p Fd(,)p Ff(FILENAME)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 45 y
Fj(Opens)f(a)f(\256le)h(and)f(associates)g(it)g(with)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(.)g
(If)g Ff(FILENAME)f Fj(is)h(omitted,)472 101 y
(the)h(scalar)g(variable)f(of)h(the)f(same)g(name)g(as)h(the)f Ff
(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(must)h(contain)f(the)472 158 y
(\256lename.)472 222 y
(The)i(following)e(\256lename)i(conventions)e(apply)h(when)g(opening)f(a)i
(\256le.)472 287 y
Fi(")p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")95 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(input.)e(Also)h Fi
("<)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")p Fj(.)472 352 y
Fi(">)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")68 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(for)h(output,)e
(creating)i(it)e(if)i(necessary)m(.)472 417 y
Fi(">>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(in)g(append)g
(mode.)472 482 y
Fi("+>)p Ff(FILE)p Fi(")41 b Fj(open)11 b Ff(FILE)g Fj(with)g(read/write)g
(access.)472 546 y
Fi("|)q Ff(CMD)p Fi(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(to)g(command)g Ff(CMD)p Fj
(.)472 611 y
Fi(")p Ff(CMD)p Fi(|)q(")60 b Fj(opens)11 b(a)g(pipe)g(from)h(command)e Ff
(CMD)p Fj(.)472 676 y
Ff(FILE)i Fj(may)f(be)g Fi(&)p Ff(FILEHND)g Fj(in)g(which)g(case)h(the)g(new)f
(\256le)h(handle)f(is)g(connected)g(to)472 732 y
(the)h(\(previously)e(opened\))i(\256lehandle)f Ff(FILEHND)p Fj(.)472 797 y
Fd(open)i Fj(returns)e(1)g(upon)g(success,)h Fd(undef)g Fj(otherwise,)g
(except)f(for)h(pipes.)f(The)472 853 y
(parentheses)h(may)f(be)g(omitted,)g(if)g(only)g(a)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g
(speci\256ed.)354 918 y
Fd(pipe\()p Ff(READHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(WRITEHANDLE)p Fd(\))472 975 y
Fj(Returns)h(a)g(pair)f(of)g(connected)h(pipes.)354 1039 y
Fd(print)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])p Ff(LIST)p Fe(y)o Fd
(\))p Fj(*])472 1096 y
(Prints)f(a)h(string)f(or)g(a)h(comma-separated)f(list)f(of)i(strings.)e
(If)i Ff(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)472 1152 y
(omitted,)g(prints)f(by)h(default)h(to)e(standard)i(output)e(\(or)h(to)g(the)h
(last)e(selected)i(output)472 1209 y
(channel)g(-)f(see)h Fd(select)p Fj(\).)354 1274 y
Fd(printf)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fj([)p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fj(])f Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj
(*])472 1330 y
(Equivalent)g(to)g Fd(print)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fd(sprintf\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd
(\))p Fj(.)354 1395 y
Fd(read\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj
([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 1451 y
Fj(Read)i Ff(LENGTH)e Fj(binary)h(bytes)e(from)i(the)f(\256le)h(into)e(the)h
(variable)h(at)f Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(.)472 1508 y
(Returns)h(number)f(of)g(bytes)g(actually)g(read.)354 1572 y
Fd(seek\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(POSITION)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHENCE)p Fd
(\))472 1629 y
Fj(Arbitrarily)g(positions)f(the)h(\256le.)h(Returns)f(1)h(upon)e(success,)i
(0)f(otherwise.)354 1694 y
Fd(select)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 1750 y
(Returns)h(the)f(currently)g(selected)h(\256lehandle.)g(Sets)f(the)h(current)f
(default)g(\256lehandle)472 1807 y
(for)h(output)e(operations)h(if)g Ff(FILEHANDLE)g Fj(is)g(supplied.)354 1871 y
Fd(select\()p Ff(RBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(WBITS)p Fd(,)p Ff(NBITS)p Fd(,)o Ff
(TIMEOUT)p Fd(\))472 1928 y
Fj(Performs)h(a)g Fc(select)p Fj(\(2\))g(system)e(call)i(with)e(the)h(same)h
(parameters.)354 1993 y
Fd(sprintf\()p Ff(FORMA)m(T)p Fd(,)p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 2049 y
Fj(Returns)g(a)g(string)e(formatted)h(by)g(\(almost)f(all)i(of\))f(the)g
(usual)g(printf)g(conventions.)354 2114 y
Fd(sysread\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj
([)p Fd(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2170 y
Fj(Reads)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)f(into)g Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)g Fj(at)g Ff
(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2235 y
Fd(syswrite\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fj([)p Fd
(,)p Ff(OFFSET)p Fj(])p Fd(\))472 2291 y
Fj(W)n(rites)h Ff(LENGTH)g Fj(bytes)e(from)i Ff(SCALAR)e Fj(at)h Ff
(OFFSET)p Fj(.)354 2356 y
Fd(tell)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2413 y
(Returns)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)g(position)d(for)j(the)f(\256le.)h(If)g Ff
(FILEHANDLE)f Fj(is)f(omitted,)472 2469 y
(assumes)h(the)g(\256le)h(last)f(read.)354 2534 y
Fd(write)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(FILEHANDLE)p Fd(\))p Fj(]*)472 2590 y
(W)n(rites)h(a)f(formatted)g(record)h(to)f(the)h(speci\256ed)f(\256le,)i
(using)d(the)h(format)g(associated)472 2647 y
(with)g(that)g(\256le.)h(See)g(\252Formats\272.)p 354 3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg
(10)p eop
%%Page: 11 13
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(16.)19 b(Search)i(and)g(replace)f(functions)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj
([)p Ff(EXPR)11 b Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h([)p Fd(m)p Fj(])p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m
(TTERN)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 176 y
(Searches)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(\(default:)g Fi($_)p Fj(\))h(for)g(a)f(pattern.)h(If)g
(you)f(prepend)g(an)h Fd(m)f Fj(you)g(can)h(use)472 232 y
(almost)f(any)g(pair)g(of)h(characters)g(as)g(delimiters.)e(If)i(used)f(in)g
(array)h(context,)g(an)f(array)472 289 y
(is)g(returned)h(consisting)d(of)j(the)f(subexpressions)f(matched)h(by)g(the)g
(parentheses)h(in)472 345 y
(pattern,)g(i.e.)g Fi(\($1,$2,$3)q(,.)q(..\))q Fj(.)472 402 y
(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(matches)f(as)h(many)e(times)h(as)g
(possible;)f Fd(i)h Fj(searches)h(in)f(a)472 458 y
(case-insensitive)g(manner;)g Fd(o)h Fj(interpolates)e(variables)i(only)e
(once.)472 515 y
(If)i Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f
(from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 571 y
(replacement)h(is)f(used.)472 628 y
(W)n(ith)g Fd(g)h Fj(the)f(match)g(can)h(be)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(iterator)f(in)g
(scalar)h(context.)354 692 y
Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)472 749 y
Fj(This)f(is)g(just)f(like)h(the)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj
(search,)h(except)e(that)g(it)g(matches)g(only)g(once)472 805 y
(between)h(calls)f(to)g(the)g(reset)h(operator)m(.)g(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m
(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)472 862 y
(pattern)h(from)f(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)h(replacement)f(is)g
(used.)354 926 y
([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(s)p Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi
(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENT)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(g)p Fj(][)p Fd(i)p Fj(][)p Fd(e)p Fj
(][)p Fd(o)p Fj(])472 983 y
(Searches)h(a)f(string)e(for)i(a)g(pattern,)f(and)h(if)f(found,)g(replaces)h
(that)f(pattern)g(with)g(the)472 1039 y
(replacement)h(text)f(and)g(returns)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(substitutions)d
(made.)k(Otherwise)f(it)472 1096 y
(returns)h(false.)472 1152 y
(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(g)i Fj(replaces)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f
(pattern;)g Fd(e)g Fj(interprets)g(the)472 1209 y
(replacement)h(string)e(as)i(an)f(expression;)g Fd(i)g Fj(and)g Fd(o)h Fj(as)f
(with)g Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)h Fj(matching.)472 1265 y
(Almost)e(any)i(delimiter)e(may)h(replace)h(the)f(slashes;)g(if)g(single)g
(quotes)f(are)j(used,)e(no)472 1322 y
(interpretation)g(is)g(done)g(on)g(the)g(replacement)h(string.)472 1378 y
(If)g Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)f Fj(is)g(empty)m(,)g(the)g(most)g(recent)h(pattern)f
(from)g(a)h(previous)e(match)h(or)472 1434 y
(replacement)h(is)f(used.)354 1499 y
Fd(study)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1556 y
(Study)g(the)h(contents)e(of)i Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)f Fj(in)g(anticipation)f(of)h
(doing)g(many)g(pattern)g(matches)472 1612 y
(on)h(the)f(contents)f(before)i(it)f(is)g(next)g(modi\256ed.)354 1677 y
([)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)g Fi(=\304)p Fj(])h Fd(tr)p Fi(/)p Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fi
(/)p Ff(REPLACEMENTLIST)p Fi(/)p Fj([)p Fd(c)p Fj(][)p Fd(d)p Fj(][)p Fd
(s)p Fj(])472 1733 y
(T)n(ranslates)g(all)f(occurrences)h(of)g(the)f(characters)i(found)e(in)f
(the)i(search)g(list)e(with)h(the)472 1790 y
(corresponding)g(character)i(in)e(the)g(replacement)h(list.)e(It)i(returns)f
(the)g(number)g(of)472 1846 y
(characters)i(replaced.)f Fd(y)g Fj(may)f(be)g(used)h(instead)e(of)i Fd
(tr)p Fj(.)472 1903 y
(Optional)f(modi\256ers:)f Fd(c)i Fj(complements)e(the)h Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj
(;)f Fd(d)h Fj(deletes)h(all)472 1959 y
(characters)h(not)e(found)g(in)g Ff(SEARCHLIST)p Fj(;)e Fd(s)j Fj(squeezes)g
(all)f(sequences)g(of)472 2016 y
(characters)i(that)e(are)h(translated)f(into)f(the)i(same)f(tar)o(get)g
(character)i(into)e(one)472 2072 y
(occurrence)i(of)f(this)e(character)m(.)355 2186 y
Fl(17.)19 b(System)i(interaction)p 355 2207 V 354 2308 a Fd(alarm\()p Ff
(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2364 y
(Schedules)12 b(a)g Fi(SIGALRM)i Fj(to)d(be)g(delivered)h(after)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj
(seconds.)354 2429 y
Fd(chdir)i Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2485 y
(Changes)g(the)f(working)g(directory)m(,)h Fi($ENV{"HOME)q("})j Fj(if)c Ff
(EXPR)g Fj(is)f(omitted.)354 2550 y
Fd(chroot\()p Ff(FILENAME)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2606 y
(Changes)i(the)f(root)g(directory)h(for)f(the)g(process)h(and)f(its)g
(children.)354 2671 y
Fd(die)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2728 y
(Prints)g(the)h(value)f(of)g Ff(LIST)h Fj(to)e Fi(STDERR)k Fj(and)e(exits)e
(with)h(the)g(current)h(value)f(of)h Fi($!)472 2784 y
Fj(\(errno\).)h(If)f Fi($!)g Fj(is)f(0,)h(exits)e(with)h(the)g(value)g(of)h Fi
(\($?)28 b(>>)h(8\))p Fj(.)12 b(If)g Fi(\($?)29 b(>>)f(8\))12 b Fj
(is)472 2841 y
(0,)g(exits)f(with)f(255.)i Ff(LIST)f Fj(defaults)g(to)g Fi("Died.")p Fj
(.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(11)p eop
%%Page: 12 14
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fd
(exec\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 45 y
(Executes)f(the)f(system)f(command)h(in)g Ff(LIST)p Fj(;)f(does)i(not)e
(return.)354 110 y
Fd(exit\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 166 y
(Exits)h(immediately)e(with)i(the)g(value)h(of)f Fi(EXPR)p Fj(.)354 231 y
Fd(fork)40 b Fj(Does)12 b(a)f Fc(fork)q Fj(\(2\))g(system)g(call.)g(Returns)h
(the)f(child)g(pid)g(to)f(the)i(parent)f(process)h(and)472 287 y
(zero)g(to)f(the)h(child)e(process.)354 352 y
Fd(getlogin)472 408 y
Fj(Returns)i(the)f(current)h(login)e(name)h(as)h(known)f(by)g(the)g
(system.)354 473 y
Fd(getpgrp)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 530 y
(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(group)g(for)h(process)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0,)h(or)f
(omitted,)g(means)g(the)g(current)472 586 y
(process\).)354 651 y
Fd(getppid)472 707 y
Fj(Returns)h(the)f(process)g(id)g(of)h(the)f(parent)h(process.)354 772 y
Fd(getpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(\))472 829 y
Fj(Returns)g(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h
(group,)f(or)h(user)m(.)354 893 y
Fd(kill\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 950 y
(Sends)g(a)g(signal)e(to)h(a)h(list)e(of)h(processes.)h(The)g(\256rst)f
(element)g(of)h(the)f(list)f(must)g(be)i(the)472 1006 y
(signal)f(to)g(send)g(\(numeric,)h(or)f(its)g(name)g(as)g(a)h
(string\).)354 1071 y
Fd(setpgrp\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(PGRP)p Fd(\))472 1127 y
Fj(Sets)g(the)f(process)h(group)e(for)i(the)f Ff(PID)g Fj(\(0)g(=)h(current)f
(process\).)354 1192 y
Fd(setpriority\()p Ff(WHICH)p Fd(,)p Ff(WHO)p Fd(,)p Ff(PRIO)p Fd(\))472 1249 y
Fj(Sets)h(the)f(current)h(priority)e(for)i(a)g(process,)f(process)h(group,)f
(or)h(a)f(user)m(.)354 1313 y
Fd(sleep)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1370 y
(Causes)h(the)f(script)g(to)f(sleep)h(for)h Ff(EXPR)e Fj(seconds,)h(or)g
(forever)h(if)g(no)e Ff(EXPR)p Fj(.)h(Returns)472 1426 y
(the)h(number)f(of)g(seconds)g(actually)g(slept.)354 1491 y
Fd(syscall\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1548 y
(Calls)h(the)f(system)f(call)i(speci\256ed)f(in)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f
(of)g(the)h(list,)e(passing)h(the)g(rest)472 1604 y
(of)h(the)f(list)f(as)i(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(the)g(call.)354 1669 y
Fd(system\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 1725 y
(Does)h(exactly)f(the)g(same)g(thing)g(as)g Fd(exec)h Ff(LIST)f Fj(except)h
(that)f(a)g(fork)h(is)f(done)g(\256rst,)472 1782 y
(and)h(the)f(parent)h(process)f(waits)g(for)g(the)h(child)e(process)i(to)f
(complete.)354 1846 y
Fd(times)472 1903 y
Fj(Returns)h(a)g(4-element)f(array)h(\()p Fi($)p Fj(user)n(,)h Fi($)p Fj
(system,)e Fi($)p Fj(cuser)n(,)h Fi($)q Fj(csystem\))e(giving)h(the)472 1959 y
(user)h(and)f(system)g(times,)f(in)h(seconds,)h(for)f(this)g(process)g(and)g
(the)h(children)f(of)g(this)472 2016 y
(process.)354 2081 y
Fd(umask)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 2137 y
(Sets)h(the)f(umask)g(for)g(the)h(process)f(and)g(returns)h(the)f(old)g(one.)g
(If)h Ff(EXPR)f Fj(is)g(omitted,)472 2193 y
(returns)h(current)f(umask)g(value.)354 2258 y
Fd(wait)37 b Fj(W)l(aits)12 b(for)f(a)h(child)f(process)g(to)g(terminate)g
(and)g(returns)h(the)f(pid)g(of)g(the)g(deceased)472 2315 y
(process)h(\(-1)f(if)h(none\).)g(The)f(status)f(is)h(returned)h(in)f Fi($?)p Fj
(.)354 2379 y
Fd(waitpid\()p Ff(PID)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 2436 y
Fj(Performs)h(the)f(same)h(function)e(as)i(the)f(corresponding)g(system)f
(call.)354 2501 y
Fd(warn\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 2557 y
(Prints)h(the)h(message)f(on)g Fi(STDERR)j Fj(like)d Fd(die)p Fj(,)g(but)g
(doesn')o(t)g(exit.)p 354 3018 V 1811 3065 a Fg(12)p eop
%%Page: 13 15
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(18.)19 b(Networking)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(accept\()p Ff
(NEWSOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(GENERICSOCKET)p Fd(\))472 176 y
Fj(Accepts)12 b(a)g(new)f(socket.)354 241 y
Fd(bind\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 297 y
Fj(Binds)g(the)h Ff(NAME)e Fj(to)h(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 362 y
Fd(connect\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))472 418 y
Fj(Connects)h(the)f Ff(NAME)f Fj(to)h(the)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 483 y
Fd(getpeername\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 540 y
Fj(Returns)g(the)f(socket)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(other)g(end)h(of)f(the)h Ff
(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 604 y
Fd(getsockname\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(\))472 661 y
Fj(Returns)g(the)f(name)g(of)h(the)f(socket.)354 725 y
Fd(getsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd
(\))472 782 y
Fj(Returns)h(the)f(socket)g(options.)354 847 y
Fd(listen\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(QUEUESIZE)p Fd(\))472 903 y
Fj(Starts)h(listening)e(on)h(the)g(speci\256ed)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 968 y
Fd(recv\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(SCALAR)p Fd(,)p Ff(LENGTH)p Fd(,)p Ff
(FLAGS)p Fd(\))472 1024 y
Fj(Receives)h(a)e(message)h(on)f Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1089 y
Fd(send\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS[)p Fd(,)p Ff(T)o(O)p Fj
(])p Fd(\))472 1146 y
Fj(Sends)h(a)g(message)f(on)g(the)g Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1210 y
Fd(setsockopt\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(LEVEL)p Fd(,)p Ff(OPTNAME)p Fd(,)p Ff
(OPTV)m(AL)p Fd(\))472 1267 y
Fj(Sets)h(the)f(requested)h(socket)f(option.)354 1332 y
Fd(shutdown\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(HOW)p Fd(\))472 1388 y
Fj(Shuts)g(down)g(a)h Ff(SOCKET)p Fj(.)354 1453 y
Fd(socket\()p Ff(SOCKET)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o
(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1509 y
Fj(Creates)h(a)e Ff(SOCKET)h Fj(in)f Ff(DOMAIN)f Fj(with)h Ff(TYPE)f Fj
(and)i Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fj(.)354 1574 y
Fd(socketpair\()p Ff(SOCKET1)p Fd(,)p Ff(SOCKET2)p Fd(,)p Ff(DOMAIN)p Fd(,)p Ff
(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(PROT)o(OCOL)p Fd(\))472 1630 y
Fj(As)g(socket,)f(but)g(creates)h(a)g(pair)f(of)h(bi-directional)e
(sockets.)355 1756 y
Fl(19.)19 b(SystemV)i(IPC)p 355 1777 V 354 1877 a Fj(The)12 b(following)e
(functions)g(all)h(perform)h(the)f(same)g(action)g(as)h(the)f(corresponding)f
(system)354 1934 y
(calls.)354 1999 y
Fd(msgctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARGS)p Fd(\))354 2055 y
(msgget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2111 y
(msgsnd\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(MSG)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2168 y
(msgrcv\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)p Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff
(TYPE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2224 y
(semctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(SEMNUM)p Fd(,)p Ff(CM)o(D)p Fd(,)p Ff(A)o(RG)p Fd
(\))354 2281 y
(semget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(NSEMS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SI)o(ZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd
(\))354 2337 y
(semop\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Fj(...)p Fd(\))354 2394 y
(shmctl\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(CMD)p Fd(,)p Ff(ARG)p Fd(\))354 2450 y
(shmget\()p Ff(KEY)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd(,)p Ff(FLAGS)p Fd(\))354 2507 y
(shmread\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Fi($)q Ff(V)m(AR)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff
(SIZE)p Fd(\))354 2563 y
(shmwrite\()p Ff(ID)p Fd(,)p Ff(STRING)p Fd(,)p Ff(POS)p Fd(,)p Ff(SIZE)p Fd
(\))p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(13)p eop
%%Page: 14 16
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(20.)19 b(Miscellaneous)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fd(caller)p Fj([)p Fd
(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(])472 176 y
(Returns)12 b(an)f(array)i(\()p Fi($)p Fj(package,)p Fi($)r Fj(\256le,)p Fi
($)q Fj(line,...\))g(for)e(a)h(speci\256c)g(subroutine)e(call.)472 232 y
(\252)p Fi(caller)p Fj(\272)15 b(returns)c(this)f(info)h(for)h(the)f(current)h
(subroutine,)f(\252)p Fi(caller\(1\))p Fj(\272)k(for)472 289 y
(the)d(caller)f(of)h(this)e(subroutine)h(etc..)354 354 y
Fd(de\256ned\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 410 y
(T)m(ests)g(whether)h(the)f(lvalue)g Ff(EXPR)f Fj(has)i(a)f(real)h
(value.)354 475 y
Fd(dump)h Fj([)p Ff(LABEL)p Fj(])472 531 y
(Immediate)e(core)h(dump.)f(When)g(reincarnated,)i(starts)e(at)g Ff(LABEL)p Fj
(.)354 596 y
Fd(local\()p Ff(LIST)p Fd(\))472 652 y
Fj(Creates)i(a)e(scope)h(for)g(the)f(listed)f(variables)h(local)h(to)e(the)i
(enclosing)e(block,)472 709 y
(subroutine)h(or)g(eval.)354 774 y
Fd(package)i Ff(NAME)472 830 y
Fj(Designates)e(the)g(remainder)h(of)f(the)h(current)f(block)g(as)h(a)f
(package.)354 895 y
Fd(require\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)o Fd(\))p Fj(*)472 951 y
(Includes)h(the)f(speci\256ed)h(\256le)f(from)g(the)h(perl)f(library)m(.)h
(Does)f(not)g(include)g(more)g(than)472 1008 y
(once,)h(and)g(yields)e(a)i(fatal)g(error)g(if)f(the)g(\256le)h(does)f
(include)g(not)g(OK.)354 1073 y
Fd(reset)h Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1129 y
(Resets)g Fi(??)g Fj(searches)g(so)f(that)g(they)g(work)h(again.)f Ff
(EXPR)g Fj(is)g(a)g(list)g(of)g(single)g(letters.)472 1185 y
(All)g(variables)g(and)h(arrays)g(beginning)e(with)g(one)i(of)f(those)g
(letters)g(are)h(reset)g(to)f(their)472 1242 y
(pristine)g(state.)g(Only)g(af)o(fects)h(the)g(current)f(package.)354 1307 y
Fd(scalar\()p Ff(EXPR)p Fd(\))472 1363 y
Fj(Forces)i(evaluation)d(of)i Ff(EXPR)e Fj(in)h(scalar)h(context.)354 1428 y
Fd(sub)h Ff(NAME)d Fi({)i Ff(EXPR)e Fi(;)i Fj(...)h Fi(})472 1484 y
Fj(Designates)e Ff(NAME)g Fj(as)g(a)h(subroutine.)e(Parameters)j(are)f
(passed)f(by)g(reference)i(as)472 1541 y
(array)g Fi(@_)p Fj(.)f(Returns)g(the)f(value)g(of)h(the)f(last)g(expression)f
(evaluated.)354 1606 y
Fd(undef)p Fj([)p Fd(\()p Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fd(\))p Fj(*])472 1662 y
(Unde\256nes)i(the)f Ff(L)m(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(.)g(Always)g(returns)g(the)g
(unde\256ned)h(value.)354 1727 y
Fd(wantarray)472 1783 y
Fj(Returns)g(true)f(if)h(the)f(current)h(context)e(expects)i(an)f(array)i
(value.)355 1906 y
Fl(21.)19 b(Formats)p 355 1927 V 354 2028 a Fd(format)12 b Fj([)p Ff(NAME)p Fj
(])f Fi(=)354 2084 y
Ff(FORMLIST)354 2141 y
Fi(.)354 2206 y
Ff(FORMLIST)h Fj(pictures)f(the)g(lines,)g(and)g(contains)g(the)g(ar)o
(guments)g(which)g(will)f(give)h(values)354 2262 y
(to)g(the)g(\256elds)h(in)f(the)g(lines.)g(Picture)h(\256elds)f
(are:)409 2327 y
Fi(@<<<...)69 b Fj(left)11 b(adjusted)g(\256eld,)h(repeat)g(the)f Fi(<)h Fj
(to)f(denote)g(the)g(desired)h(width;)409 2383 y
Fi(@>>>...)69 b Fj(right)11 b(adjusted)f(\256eld;)409 2440 y
Fi(@|)q(||)q(...)67 b Fj(centered)12 b(\256eld;)409 2496 y
Fi(@#.##...)42 b Fj(numeric)11 b(format)g(with)g(implied)f(decimal)h
(point;)409 2553 y
Fi(@*)204 b Fj(a)12 b(multi-line)d(\256eld.)354 2617 y
(Use)j Fi(\303)g Fj(instead)e(of)i Fi(@)g Fj(for)f(multi-line)f(block)h
(\256lling.)354 2682 y
(Use)h Fi(\304)g Fj(at)f(the)g(beginning)f(of)i(a)f(line)g(to)g(suppress)g
(unwanted)g(empty)f(lines.)354 2747 y
(Use)i Fi(\304\304)g Fj(at)f(the)h(beginning)e(of)h(a)h(line)f(to)g(have)g
(this)g(format)g(line)g(repeated)h(until)e(all)h(\256elds)354 2803 y
(are)h(exhausted.)354 2868 y
(Use)g Fi($-)g Fj(to)f(zero)h(to)f(force)h(a)g(page)f(break.)354 2933 y
(See)i(also)e Fi($\303)p Fj(,)h Fi($\304)p Fj(,)h Fi($-)f Fj(and)f Fi($=)i Fj
(in)e(section)f(\252Special)j(V)-5 b
(ariables\272.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(14)p eop
%%Page: 15 17
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(22.)19 b(Info)h(from)h(system)g(\256les)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fg
(passwd)354 176 y
Fj(Info)12 b(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(passwd,)g Fi($)p Fj
(uid,)f Fi($)q Fj(gid,)g Fi($)p Fj(quota,)h Fi($)p Fj(comment,)f Fi($)p Fj
(gcos,)h Fi($)p Fj(dir)n(,)g Fi($)p Fj(shell\).)354 241 y
Fd(endpwent)517 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 305 y
Fd(getpwent)528 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 370 y
Fd(getpwnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))356 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 435 y
Fd(getpwuid\()p Ff(UID)p Fd(\))428 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(uid.)354 500 y
Fd(setpwent)530 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 589 y
Fg(group)354 646 y
Fj(Info)i(is)f(a)g(4-item)g(array:)h(\()p Fi($)q Fj(name,)f Fi($)q Fj
(passwd,)g Fi($)p Fj(gid,)g Fi($)q Fj(members\).)354 711 y
Fd(endgrent)533 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 775 y
Fd(getgrgid\()p Ff(GID)p Fd(\))442 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(group)g
(id.)354 840 y
Fd(getgrnam\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))372 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g(name.)354 905 y
Fd(getgrent)544 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 970 y
Fd(setgrent)546 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e(processing.)354 1059 y
Fg(hosts)354 1116 y
Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
(addrtype,)g Fi($)p Fj(length,)f(@addrs\).)354 1180 y
Fd(endhostent)487 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1245 y
Fd(gethostbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(ADDR)o(TYPE)p Fd(\))39 b Fj(Gets)11 b
(info)g(by)g(address.)354 1310 y
Fd(gethostbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))255 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
(name.)354 1375 y
Fd(gethostent)498 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1439 y
Fd(sethostent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))251 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
(processing.)354 1529 y
Fg(networks)354 1586 y
Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
(addrtype,)g Fi($)p Fj(net\).)354 1650 y
Fd(endnetent)512 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 1715 y
Fd(getnetbyaddr\()p Ff(ADDR)p Fd(,)p Ff(TYPE)p Fd(\))181 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g
(by)g(address)h(and)f(type.)354 1780 y
Fd(getnetbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))280 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
(name.)354 1845 y
Fd(getnetent)523 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 1909 y
Fd(setnetent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))276 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
(processing.)354 1999 y
Fg(services)354 2056 y
Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj(port,)g Fi
($)p Fj(proto\).)354 2120 y
Fd(endservent)489 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 2185 y
Fd(getservbyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(,)i Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))87 b Fj(Gets)11 b
(info)g(by)g(name.)354 2250 y
Fd(getservbyport\()p Ff(POR)o(T)p Fd(,)j Ff(PROT)o(O)p Fd(\))120 b Fj(Gets)11 b
(info)g(by)g(port.)354 2315 y
Fd(getservent)500 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2379 y
Fd(setservent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))253 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
(processing.)354 2469 y
Fg(protocols)354 2525 y
Fj(Info)i(is)f(\()p Fi($)p Fj(name,)h Fi($)p Fj(aliases,)g Fi($)p Fj
(proto\).)354 2590 y
Fd(endprotoent)469 b Fj(Ends)11 b(lookup)f(processing.)354 2655 y
Fd(getprotobyname\()p Ff(NAME)p Fd(\))237 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
(name.)354 2720 y
Fd(getprotobynumber\()p Ff(NUMBER)p Fd(\))134 b Fj(Gets)11 b(info)g(by)g
(number)m(.)354 2784 y
Fd(getprotoent)480 b Fj(Gets)11 b(next)g(info.)354 2849 y
Fd(setprotoent\()p Ff(ST)m(A)m(YOPEN)p Fd(\))233 b Fj(Resets)12 b(lookup)e
(processing.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(15)p eop
%%Page: 16 18
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(23.)19 b(Regular)i(expressions)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(Each)12 b
(character)h(matches)e(itself,)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h(one)h(of)f(the)g(special)g
(characters)354 176 y
Fi(+?.*\(\)[])q({}|)t(\\)p Fj(.)354 241 y
Fi(.)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(an)h(arbitrary)g(character)n(,)h(but)e(not)f(a)i
(newline.)354 305 y
Fi(\()p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h Fi(\))21 b Fj(groups)11 b(a)g(series)h(of)f(pattern)g
(elements)g(to)g(a)h(single)e(element.)354 370 y
Fi(+)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(the)h(preceding)f(pattern)g(element)g(one)h(or)f
(more)g(times.)354 435 y
Fi(?)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(one)f(times.)354 500 y
Fi(*)91 b Fj(matches)11 b(zero)h(or)g(more)f(times.)354 564 y
Fi({)q Ff(N)p Fi(,)p Ff(M)p Fi(})21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(the)g(minimum)e Ff
(N)i Fj(and)h(maximum)d Ff(M)i Fj(match)g(count.)h Fi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(})g Fj
(means)472 621 y
(exactly)g Ff(N)f Fj(times;)f Fi({)p Ff(N)p Fi(,})j Fj(means)e(at)g(least)g Ff
(N)h Fj(times.)354 686 y
Fi([)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)h Fi(])21 b Fj(denotes)11 b(a)g(class)h(of)f(characters)i
(to)e(match.)g Fi([\303)q Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi(])k Fj(negates)f(the)g
(class.)354 750 y
Fi(\()p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h Fi(|)p Fj(.)f(.)g(.)g Fi(|)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)g Fi
(\))22 b Fj(matches)11 b(one)g(of)g(the)h(alternatives.)354 815 y
(Non-alphanumerics)f(can)h(be)f(escaped)h(from)f(their)g(special)h(meaning)e
(using)h(a)g Fi(\\)p Fj(.)354 880 y
Fi(\\w)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(alphanumeric,)h(including)e(\252)p Fi(_)p Fj
(\272,)j Fi(\\W)f Fj(matches)f(non-alphanumeric.)354 945 y
Fi(\\b)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(word)h(boundaries,)f Fi(\\B)h Fj(matches)f
(non-boundaries.)354 1009 y
Fi(\\s)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(whitespace,)h Fi(\\S)g Fj(matches)f
(non-whitespace.)354 1074 y
Fi(\\d)64 b Fj(matches)11 b(numeric,)h Fi(\\D)g Fj(matches)f
(non-numeric.)354 1139 y
Fi(\\n)p Fj(,)i Fi(\\r)p Fj(,)g Fi(\\f)p Fj(,)f Fi(\\t)g Fj(etc.)22 b(have)11 b
(their)h(usual)e(meaning.)354 1204 y
Fi(\\w)p Fj(,)j Fi(\\s)f Fj(and)g Fi(\\d)21 b Fj(may)11 b(be)h(used)f(within)f
(character)j(classes,)e Fi(\\b)h Fj(denotes)f(backspace)h(in)472 1260 y
(this)f(context.)354 1325 y
Fi(\\1)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h Fi(\\9)22 b Fj(refer)12 b(to)f(matched)g
(sub-expressions,)g(grouped)g(with)f Fi(\(\))p Fj(,)j(inside)e(the)g
(match.)354 1390 y
Fi(\\10)37 b Fj(and)12 b(up)f(can)h(also)f(be)g(used)g(if)h(the)f(pattern)g
(matches)g(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)354 1454 y
(See)i(also)e Fi($1)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(,)13 b Fi($+)p Fj(,)g Fi
($&)p Fj(,)f Fi($`)h Fj(and)e Fi($')h Fj(in)f(section)g(\252Special)h(V)-5 b
(ariables\272.)355 1578 y
Fl(24.)19 b(Special)h(variables)p 355 1599 V 354 1699 a Fj(The)12 b
(following)e(variables)h(are)h(global)f(and)g(should)f(be)i(localized)f(in)g
(subroutines:)354 1764 y
Fi($_)64 b Fj(The)12 b(default)f(input)f(and)i(pattern-searching)f
(space.)354 1829 y
Fi($.)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(input)e(line)h(number)g(of)g(the)g(last)g
(\256lehandle)h(that)f(was)g(read.)354 1893 y
Fi($/)64 b Fj(The)12 b(input)e(record)i(separator)n(,)h(newline)e(by)g
(default.)g(May)g(be)h(multi-character)m(.)354 1958 y
Fi($,)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(\256eld)i(separator)f(for)h(the)f(print)g
(operator)m(.)354 2023 y
Fi($")64 b Fj(The)12 b(separator)g(which)f(joins)f(elements)h(of)g(arrays)h
(interpolated)f(in)g(strings.)354 2088 y
Fi($\\)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(record)i(separator)g(for)f(the)h(print)e
(operator)m(.)354 2152 y
Fi($#)64 b Fj(The)12 b(output)e(format)h(for)h(printed)f(numbers.)g(Initial)f
(value)h(is)g(\252)p Fi(\045.20g)p Fj(\272.)354 2217 y
Fi($*)64 b Fj(Set)12 b(to)f(1)g(to)g(do)g(multiline)f(matching)g(within)g(a)i
(string,)f(0)g(to)g(assume)g(strings)f(contain)472 2274 y
(a)i(single)f(line.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2338 y
Fi($?)64 b Fj(The)12 b(status)e(returned)i(by)f(the)g(last)g Fi(`)p Ff
(COMMAND)p Fi(`)p Fj(,)h(pipe)f(close)g(or)g Fd(system)472 2395 y
Fj(operator)m(.)354 2460 y
Fi($])64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(version)g(string)g(\(as)g(displayed)g(with)f Fi
(perl)29 b(-v)p Fj(\),)13 b(or)f(version)e(number)m(.)354 2524 y
Fi($[)64 b Fj(The)12 b(index)f(of)g(the)g(\256rst)h(element)f(in)g(an)g
(array)m(,)i(and)e(of)h(the)f(\256rst)g(character)i(in)e(a)472 2581 y
(substring.)g(Default)g(is)g(0.)354 2646 y
Fi($;)64 b Fj(The)12 b(subscript)e(separator)i(for)g(multi-dimensional)c
(array)k(emulation.)f(Default)g(is)472 2702 y
Fi("\\034")p Fj(.)354 2767 y
Fi($!)64 b Fj(If)12 b(used)f(in)g(a)h(numeric)f(context,)g(yields)g(the)g
(current)h(value)f(of)h(errno.)g(If)g(used)f(in)g(a)472 2823 y
(string)g(context,)g(yields)g(the)g(corresponding)g(error)h(string.)354 2888 y
Fi($@)64 b Fj(The)12 b(perl)f(error)h(message)g(from)f(the)g(last)g(eval)g
(or)h Fd(do)g Ff(EXPR)e Fj(command.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg
(16)p eop
%%Page: 17 19
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -12 a Fi
($:)64 b Fj(The)12 b(set)f(of)g(characters)i(after)f(which)f(a)h(string)e
(may)h(be)h(broken)f(to)g(\256ll)g(continuation)472 45 y
(\256elds)h(\(starting)e(with)h(\252)p Fi(\303)p Fj(\272\))i(in)e(a)g
(format.)354 110 y
Fi($0)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(\256le)h(containing)e(the)h(perl)g
(script)g(being)g(executed.)h(May)f(be)472 166 y
(assigned)g(to.)354 231 y
Fi($$)64 b Fj(The)12 b(process)f(number)g(of)h(the)f(perl)g(running)g(this)f
(script.)h(Altered)h(\(in)f(the)g(child)472 287 y
(process\))h(by)f Fd(fork)p Fj(.)354 352 y
Fi($<)64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(uid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 417 y
Fi($>)64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(uid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354 482 y
Fi($\()64 b Fj(The)12 b(real)g(gid)e(of)i(this)e(process.)354 546 y
Fi($\))64 b Fj(The)12 b(ef)o(fective)g(gid)f(of)g(this)g(process.)354 611 y
Fi($\303D)37 b Fj(The)12 b(debug)f(\257ags)h(as)f(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
(using)e Fi(-D)i Fj(.)354 676 y
Fi($\303F)37 b Fj(The)12 b(highest)e(system)g(\256le)i(descriptor)n(,)g
(ordinarily)e(2.)354 741 y
Fi($\303I)37 b Fj(In-place)12 b(edit)f(extension)g(as)g(passed)g(to)g(perl)h
(using)e Fi(-i)i Fj(.)354 805 y
Fi($\303P)37 b Fj(Internal)12 b(debugging)e(\257ag.)354 870 y
Fi($\303T)37 b Fj(The)12 b(time)e(\(as)i(delivered)f(by)h Fd(time)p Fj(\))e
(when)i(the)f(program)g(started.)h(This)e(value)i(is)472 927 y
(used)g(by)f(the)g(\256le)h(test)e(operators)i(\252)p Fi(-M)p Fj(\272,)h
(\252)p Fi(-A)p Fj(\272)g(and)e(\252)p Fi(-C)p Fj(\272.)354 991 y
Fi($\303W)37 b Fj(The)12 b(value)f(if)g(the)h Fi(-w)g Fj(option)e(as)i
(passed)f(to)g(perl.)354 1056 y
Fi($\303X)37 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(by)g(which)g(this)g(perl)g(was)h
(invoked.)354 1121 y
(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(context)f(dependent)g(and)g(need)h(not)f
(be)g(localized:)354 1186 y
Fi($\045)64 b Fj(The)12 b(current)g(page)f(number)g(of)h(the)f(currently)g
(selected)h(output)e(channel.)354 1250 y
Fi($=)64 b Fj(The)12 b(page)f(length)g(of)h(the)f(current)g(output)g
(channel.)g(Default)h(is)f(60)g(lines.)354 1315 y
Fi($-)64 b Fj(The)12 b(number)f(of)g(lines)g(left)g(on)g(the)g
(page.)354 1380 y
Fi($\304)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(report)f
(format.)354 1445 y
Fi($\303)64 b Fj(The)12 b(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(top-of-page)f
(format.)354 1509 y
Fi($|)64 b Fj(If)12 b(set)f(to)g(nonzero,)h(forces)g(a)g(\257ush)f(after)h
(every)g(write)f(or)h(print)e(on)h(the)h(currently)472 1566 y
(selected)g(output)e(channel.)i(Default)f(is)g(0.)354 1631 y
Fi($ARGV)472 1687 y
Fj(The)h(name)f(of)h(the)f(current)h(\256le)f(when)h(reading)f(from)g Fi
(<>)h Fj(.)354 1752 y
(The)g(following)e(variables)h(are)h(always)f(local)h(to)f(the)g(current)g
(block:)354 1817 y
Fi($&)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(matched)h(by)g(the)h(last)f(pattern)g
(match.)354 1881 y
Fi($`)64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(preceding)i(what)f(was)g(matched)g(by)h(the)f
(last)g(pattern)g(match.)354 1946 y
Fi($')64 b Fj(The)12 b(string)e(following)g(what)h(was)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g
(last)g(pattern)g(match.)354 2011 y
Fi($+)64 b Fj(The)12 b(last)f(bracket)h(matched)f(by)g(the)g(last)g(search)h
(pattern.)354 2076 y
Fi($)q(1)p Fj(.)c(.)g(.)g Fi($9)p Fj(.)g(.)g(.)472 2132 y
(Contains)j(the)g(subpattern)f(from)h(the)g(corresponding)g(set)g(of)g
(parentheses)g(in)g(the)g(last)472 2188 y
(pattern)h(matched.)f Fi($10)p Fj(.)d(.)g(.)h(and)j(up)f(are)h(only)f
(available)g(if)g(the)g(match)g(contained)472 2245 y
(that)g(many)g(sub-expressions.)355 2368 y
Fl(25.)19 b(Special)h(arrays)p 355 2389 1512 2 v 354 2490 a Fi(@ARGV)42 b Fj
(Contains)11 b(the)h(command)e(line)h(ar)o(guments)g(for)g(the)h(script)e
(\(not)h(including)f(the)531 2546 y
(command)h(name\).)354 2611 y
Fi(@INC)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(list)e(of)h(places)h(to)f(look)f(for)i
(perl)f(scripts)g(to)g(be)g(evaluated)h(by)f(the)531 2667 y
Fd(do)i Ff(FILENAME)d Fj(and)h Fd(require)h Fj(commands.)354 2732 y
Fi(@_)123 b Fj(Parameter)11 b(array)g(for)f(subroutines.)f(Also)g(used)h
(by)f Fd(split)g Fj(if)h(not)f(in)h(array)g(context.)354 2797 y
Fi(\045ENV)69 b Fj(Contains)11 b(the)h(current)f(environment.)354 2862 y
Fi(\045INC)69 b Fj(List)11 b(of)g(\256les)h(that)f(have)g(been)h Fd
(require)p Fj(d)g(or)g Fd(do)p Fj(ne.)354 2926 y
Fi(\045SIG)69 b Fj(Used)12 b(to)f(set)g(signal)f(handlers)h(for)h(various)f
(signals.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg(17)p eop
%%Page: 18 20
bop 1362 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 355 -2 a Fl
(26.)19 b(The)i(perl)f(debugger)p 355 19 1512 2 v 354 119 a Fj(The)12 b(perl)f
(symbolic)f(debugger)h(is)g(invoked)g(with)f Fi(perl)29 b(-d)p Fj(.)354 184 y
Fi(h)269 b Fj(Prints)11 b(out)f(a)i(help)f(message.)354 249 y
Fi(T)269 b Fj(Stack)11 b(trace.)354 314 y
Fi(s)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps.)354 378 y
Fi(n)269 b Fj(Single)11 b(steps)f(around)i(subroutine)e(call.)354 443 y
Fi(r)269 b Fj(Returns)11 b(from)g(the)g(current)h(subroutine.)354 508 y
Fi(c)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Continues)10 b(\(until)h Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g
(or)g(another)h(breakpoint)e(or)i
(exit\).)p 354 530 112 2 v 354 585 2 56 v 368 573 a Ff
(RET)p 464 585 V 354 587 112 2 v 199 w Fj(Repeats)g(last)e Fi(s)i Fj(or)g Fi
(n)p Fj(.)354 637 y
Fi(l)g Fj([)p Ff(RANGE)p Fj(])79 b(Lists)10 b(a)i(range)f(of)h(lines.)f Ff
(RANGE)g Fj(may)g(be)g(a)h(number)n(,)g(start-end,)650 694 y
(start+amount,)e(or)h(a)h(subroutine)e(name.)i(If)g(omitted,)e(lists)g(next)h
(window)m(.)354 759 y
Fi(f)h Ff(FILE)169 b Fj(Switches)11 b(to)g Ff(FILE)g Fj(and)g(start)g
(listing)f(it.)354 823 y
Fi(-)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(previous)h(window)m(.)354 888 y
Fi(w)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(window)g(around)i(current)f(line.)354 953 y
Fi(l)h Ff(SUB)171 b Fj(Lists)10 b(the)h(named)g Ff(SUB)p Fj
(routine.)354 1018 y
Fi(/)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(/)54 b Fj(Forward)12 b(search)g(for)f Ff(P)m(A)m
(TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1082 y
Fi(?)p Ff(P)m(A)m(TTERN)p Fi(?)54 b Fj(Backward)12 b(search)g(for)g Ff(P)m(A)m
(TTERN)p Fj(.)354 1147 y
Fi(L)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(lines)h(that)f(have)i(breakpoints)f(or)g
(actions.)354 1212 y
Fi(S)269 b Fj(List)10 b(the)h(names)g(of)h(all)f(subroutines.)354 1277 y
Fi(t)269 b Fj(T)m(oggles)10 b(trace)i(mode.)354 1342 y
Fi(b)g Fj([)p Ff(LINE)f Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(]])650 1398 y
(Sets)g(breakpoint)g(at)g Ff(LINE)p Fj(,)g(default:)g(current)h
(line.)354 1463 y
Fi(b)g Ff(SUBNAME)e Fj([)p Ff(CONDITION)p Fj(])650 1519 y
(Sets)h(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g(subroutine.)354 1584 y
Fi(S)269 b Fj(Lists)10 b(names)h(of)g(all)g(subroutines.)354 1649 y
Fi(d)h Fj([)p Ff(LINE)p Fj(])134 b(Deletes)11 b(breakpoint)g(at)g(the)g
(given)g(line.)354 1713 y
Fi(D)269 b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(breakpoints.)354 1778 y
Fi(a)h Ff(LINE)f(COMMAND)650 1835 y
Fj(Sets)g(an)h(action)f(for)g(line.)354 1899 y
Fi(A)269 b Fj(Deletes)11 b(all)g(line)g(actions.)354 1964 y
Fi(<)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h
(before)g(every)g(debugger)f(prompt.)354 2029 y
Fi(>)h Ff(COMMAND)37 b Fj(Sets)11 b(an)h(action)f(to)g(be)g(executed)h
(before)g(every)g Fi(s)p Fj(,)g Fi(c)g Fj(or)f Fi(n)h Fj(command.)354 2094 y
Fi(V)g Fj([)p Ff(P)m(ACKAGE)e Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])h(])650 2150 y
(Lists)f(all)h(variables)g(in)g(a)h(package.)g(Default)g(package)g(is)e
(main.)354 2215 y
Fi(X)i Fj([)p Ff(V)m(ARS)p Fj(])116 b(Like)11 b Fi(V)p Fj(,)h(but)f(assumes)f
(current)i(package.)354 2280 y
Fi(!)g Fj([)g([-])p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])650 2336 y
(Redo)f(a)h(debugging)e(command.)h(Default)h(is)e(previous)h
(command.)354 2401 y
Fi(H)h Fj([-)p Ff(NUMBER)p Fj(])31 b(Displays)10 b(the)h(last)g(-)p Ff
(NUMBER)f Fj(commands)h(of)g(more)g(than)g(one)h(letter)m(.)354 2466 y
Fi(q)269 b Fj(Quits.)10 b(Y)-5 b(ou)12 b(may)f(also)g(use)g
(your)p 1199 2423 114 2 v 1199 2479 2 57 v 25 w Ff
(EOF)p 1311 2479 V 1199 2481 114 2 v 26 w Fj(character)m(.)354 2530 y
Ff(COMMAND)76 b Fj(Executes)11 b Ff(COMMAND)f Fj(as)i(a)f(perl)h
(statement.)354 2595 y
Fi(p)g Ff(EXPR)p Fe(y)122 b Fj(Prints)11 b Ff(EXPR)p Fj(.)354 2660 y
Fi(=)h Fj([)p Ff(ALIAS)f(V)m(ALUE)p Fj(])650 2716 y
(Sets)g(alias,)h(or)f(lists)f(current)i
(aliases.)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 1811 3065 a Fg(18)p eop
%%Page: 19 21
bop 354 -101 a Fg(Perl)14 b(Reference)f(Guide)p 354 -89 1512 3 v 354 -2 a Fl
(Notes)p 354 19 1512 2 v 354 2938 a Fj(Perl)f(Reference)i(Guide)d(Revision)g
(4.019.1)1345 2937 y
(c)1333 2938 y
Fe(\015)p Fj(1989,1992)g(Johan)f(V)m(romans)p 354 3018 1512 3 v 354 3065 a Fg
(19)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF
SHAR_EOF
echo 'File refbase.ps is complete' &&
chmod 0644 refbase.ps ||
echo 'restore of refbase.ps failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'refbase.ps'`"
test 84662 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
echo 'refbase.ps: original size 84662, current size' "$Wc_c"
rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp
fi
# ============= refbase.sty ==============
if test -f 'refbase.sty' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
echo 'x - skipping refbase.sty (File already exists)'
rm -f _shar_wnt_.tmp
else
> _shar_wnt_.tmp
echo 'x - extracting refbase.sty (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'refbase.sty' &&
%% refbase.sty -- standard style for Perl Reference Guide
%%
%% SCCS Status : @(#)@ refbase.sty 4.2.3
%% Author : Johan Vromans
%% Created On : Wed Jul 3 13:58:33 1991
%% Last Modified By: Johan Vromans
%% Last Modified On: Wed Feb 19 14:52:29 1992
%% Update Count : 185
%% Status : OK
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Copyright %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% The Perl Reference Guide and its associated files are
%
% Copyright 1989, 1992 Johan Vromans.
%
% They may be used and reproduced under the terms of the
% GNU Public Licence. A copy of this licence should have
% been included in your Perl source kit.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Disclaimer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% I'm not a TeX wizard. I stole some of the ideas from
% Raymond Chen <raymond@math.berkeley.edu> and others.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Usage %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Usage:
%
% \documentstyle[psfonts]{perlref}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Start of code %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Allow % to be printed (for SCCS keywords)
\catcode`\%=11
\def\perlrev{4.019}
\typeout{Document Style 'perlref' Version 2.3 for Perl \perlrev}
\def\refrev{\perlrev.\revision}
\typeout{Reference Guide revision is \refrev.}
\catcode`\%=14
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Other Styles %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\input article.sty % standard LaTeX
\@twosidetrue % format two-sided
\input art11.sty % standard LaTeX
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Selection of Fonts %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\let\makeuppage=\relax
%
% >>>> Comment out the rest of this section
% >>>> if you don't have dvips
% >>>> You will probably have to change \topmargin,
% >>>> \{odd,even}sidemargin and \textheight in the next
% >>>> section as well.
%
\ifx\selectfont\undefined
X \typeout{Configuring for dvips 5.47 and PostScript fonts}
X \def\@mrm{ptmr} % times - roman
X \def\@mit{ptmri} % times - italic
X \def\@msl{phvbo} % helvetica - bold oblique
X \def\@mbf{phvb} % helvetica - bold
X \def\@mcsc{ptmrc} % times - roman - small caps
X \def\@mtt{pcrb} % courier bold
X \def\@mss{phvr} % helvetica
X \input psfonts.sty % LaTeX PostScript fonts
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X % Code to handle New Font Selection Scheme
X % Donated by N Tomczak-Jaegermann <ntomczak@vega.math.ualberta.ca>
X % I have not tested this!
X \typeout{Configuring for dvips 5.47 and PostScript fonts using NFSS}
X \input npsfont.sty
X \newpsfamily{refam}{%
X {m}{n}{ptmr}, % times - roman
X {m}{it}{ptmri}, % times - italic
X {m}{sl}{phvbo}, % helvetica - bold oblique
X {m}{sc}{ptmrc}, % times - roman - small caps
X {bx}{n}{phvb}} % helvetica - bold
X \newpsfamily{rett}{%
X {m}{n}{pcrb}} % courier bold
X \newpsfamily{resf}{%
X {m}{n}{phvr}} % helvetica
X \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{refam}
X \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{rett}
X \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{resf}
X \family{refam}\selectfont
\fi
% In the final version, some explicit \newpages are needed.
\let\makeuppage=\newpage
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Private Settings %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\topmargin -1.55cm % for dvips 5.47
\headheight 0.7cm
\headsep 0.4cm
\footskip 1.0cm
\textheight 25.4cm % for dvips 5.47
\textwidth 12.8cm
\oddsidemargin 3cm % for dvips 5.47
\evensidemargin 3cm % for dvips 5.47
\frenchspacing
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Headers/Footers %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newlength{\tw}\setlength{\tw}{\textwidth}\addtolength{\tw}{-2pt}
\def\@refhead#1{%
X \vbox{\makebox[\textwidth][#1]{\large\sl{Perl Reference Guide}}
X \rule[-0.1cm]{\textwidth}{0.5pt}}}
\def\@reffoot#1{%
X \vbox{\rule[-0.6cm]{\textwidth}{0.5pt}
X \makebox[\textwidth][#1]{\large\sl\thepage}}}
%
\def\@oddhead{\@refhead{l}}
\def\@evenhead{\@refhead{r}}
\def\@oddfoot{\@reffoot{l}}
\def\@evenfoot{\@reffoot{r}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Paragraphs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\parindent 0pt % align to left margin
\setlength{\baselineskip}{12pt} % inter-line spacing
\parskip 2pt plus 1pt % half-line spacing between paragraphs
\setlength{\smallskipamount}{\parskip} % half-line
\setlength{\medskipamount}{2\parskip} % single line
\setlength{\bigskipamount}{3\parskip} % one-and-a-half line
\setlength{\topsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
\setlength{\partopsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus 1pt} % for lists and tabbing
%
\raggedright % no adjustment
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Sections and such %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% Note: zero is a 'hot' value. approximate with 0.1pt
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X \@startsection {section}{1}{0.1pt}
X {12pt}{0.1pt}{\normalsize}}
%
\renewcommand{\section}[1]{
X \addtocounter{section}{1}
X \pr@section*{\vbox{{\LARGE\sl \thesection. #1}
X {\rule[0.3cm]{\textwidth}{0.25pt}}}}}
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X {\vbox{{\LARGE\sl {#1}}
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SHAR_EOF
true || echo 'restore of refbase.sty failed'
fi
echo 'End of part 2'
echo 'File refbase.sty is continued in part 3'
echo 3 > _shar_seq_.tmp
exit 0
exit 0 # Just in case...