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  1. Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!xlink.net!zib-berlin.de!uni-paderborn.de!urmel.informatik.rwth-aachen.de!news.rhrz.uni-bonn.de!ignatios
  2. From: ignatios@cs.uni-bonn.de (Ignatios Souvatzis)
  3. Newsgroups: comp.protocols.ppp,news.answers,comp.answers
  4. Subject: comp.protocols.ppp part2 of 8 of frequently wanted information
  5. Supersedes: <ppp-faq/part2_755205601@cs.uni-bonn.de>
  6. Followup-To: poster
  7. Date: 14 Dec 1993 14:02:18 GMT
  8. Organization: computer science department, university of Bonn, Germany
  9. Lines: 220
  10. Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
  11. Expires: 11 Jan 1994 13:58:08 GMT
  12. Message-ID: <ppp-faq/part2_755877488@cs.uni-bonn.de>
  13. NNTP-Posting-Host: theory.cs.uni-bonn.de
  14. Summary: This document contains information about the Internet Point-to-Point
  15.     Protocol, including a bibliography, a list of public domain and
  16.     commercial software and hardware implementations, a section on
  17.     configuration hints and a list of frequently asked questions and
  18.     answers on them.
  19.     It should be read by anybody interested in connecting to Internet
  20.     via serial lines, and by anybody wanting to post to
  21.     comp.protocols.ppp (before he/she does it!)
  22. Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.protocols.ppp:2945 news.answers:15794 comp.answers:3004
  23.  
  24. Archive-name: ppp-faq/part2
  25. Version: $Revision: 3.8 $
  26. Last-modified: $Date: 93/12/14 14:55:32 $
  27.  
  28.    Read on here.
  29.    
  30.                               2. WHAT IS PPP?
  31.                                      
  32.        Introduction
  33.       
  34.        PPP features which may or may not be present
  35.       
  36.        PPP glossary
  37.       
  38.        PPP-relevant RFC's
  39.       
  40. 2.1 Introduction
  41.  
  42.    PPP is the Internet Standard for transmission of IP packets over serial
  43.    lines. PPP supports async and sync lines. For a general discussion of
  44.    PPP, and of the PPP vs. SLIP question, look at the paper
  45.    ftp.uu.net:vendor/MorningStar/papers/sug91-cheapIP.ps.Z (paper) and
  46.    sug91-cheapIP.shar.Z (overhead projector slides)
  47.    
  48. 2.2 PPP features which may or may not be present
  49.  
  50.    Above and beyond compatibility with basic PPP framing, note whether the
  51.    software implements the following features.  Not all features are needed
  52.    or even desired in every product. Please note also that not every free
  53.    or commercial product description in this document has a complete list
  54.    of all features includes.
  55.    
  56.   demand-dial             Bring up a PPP interface and dial the phone when
  57.                           packets are queued for delivery; bring the
  58.                          interface down after some   period of inactivity.
  59.                          
  60.    redial (For lack of a better term)
  61.                           Bring up a PPP interface whenever it goes down,
  62.                          to keep a line up.    (sometimes called camping)
  63.                          
  64.    camping (on a line)    see redial
  65.                          
  66.     scripting             Negotiate through a series of prompts or
  67.                          intermediate   connections to bring up a PPP link,
  68.                          much like the sequence of events   used to bring
  69.                          up a UUCP link.
  70.                          
  71.    parallel               Configure several PPP lines to the same
  72.                          destination and   do load sharing between them.
  73.                          (Not standardized, usually only seen   in SLIP
  74.                          implementations, noted there as "parallel-slip".)
  75.                          
  76.    filtering               Select which packets to send down a link or
  77.                          whether to   bring up a "demand-dial" link based
  78.                          on IP or TCP packet type or TOS,   e.g. don't dial
  79.                          the phone for ICMP ping packets.
  80.                          
  81.    header compression     TCP header compression according to RFC1144.
  82.                          Marginally useful on high speed lines, essential
  83.                          for low speed lines.
  84.                          
  85.    server                 Accept incoming PPP connections, which might well
  86.                          also   include doing the right things with
  87.                          routing.
  88.                          
  89.    tunneling              Build a virtual network over a PPP link across a
  90.                          TCP stream    through an existing IP network.
  91.                          
  92.    extra escaping         Byte-stuffing characters outside the negotiated
  93.                          asyncmap, configurable in advance but not
  94.                          negotiable.
  95.                          
  96. 2.3 PPP glossary
  97.  
  98.    Every new technology breeds its own set of acronyms.  PPP is no
  99.    different.  Here is a glossary of sorts.
  100.    
  101. ack                     Acknowledgement.
  102. AO                      Active open [state diagram] (no lonter part of the
  103.                         FSM as of RFC1331)
  104. C                       Close [state diagram]
  105. CHAP                    Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol
  106.                         (RFC1334)
  107. D                       Lower layer down [state diagram]
  108. DES                     Data Encryption Standard
  109. DNA                     Digital Network Architecture
  110. IETF                    Internet Engineering Task Force.
  111. IP                      Internet Protocol
  112. IPCP                    IP Control Protocol.
  113. IPX                     Internetwork Packet Exchange (Novell's networking
  114.                         stack)
  115. FCS                     Frame Check Sequence [X.25]
  116. FSA                     Finite State Automaton
  117. FSM                     Finite State Maschine
  118. LCP                     Link Control Protocol.
  119. LQR                     Link Quality Report.
  120. MD4                     MD4 digital signature algorithm
  121. MD5                     MD5 digital signature algorithm
  122. MRU                     Maximum Receive Unit
  123. MTU                     Maximum Transmission Unit
  124. nak                     Negative Acknowledgement
  125. NCP                     Network Control Protocol.
  126. NRZ                     Non-Return to Zero bit encoding. (SYNC ppp default
  127.                         because of
  128.                         availability)
  129. NRZI                    Non-Return to Zero Inverted bit encoding. (SYNC ppp
  130.                         preferred
  131.                         alternative to NRZ)
  132. OSI                     Open Systems Interconnect
  133. PAP                     Password Authentication Protocol (RFC1334)
  134. PDU                     Protocol Data Unit (i.e., packet)
  135. PO                      Passive open [no longer part of state diagram]
  136. PPP                     Point to Point Protocol (RFC1331,
  137.                         1332,
  138.                         1333,
  139.                         1334,
  140.                         1362,
  141.                         1376,
  142.                         1377,
  143.                         1378)
  144. RCA                     Receive Configure-Ack [state diagram]
  145. RCJ                     Receive Code-Reject [state diagram]
  146. RCN                     Receive Configure-Nak or -Reject [state diagram]
  147. RCR+                    Receive good Configure-Request [state diagram]
  148. RER                     Receive Echo-Request [no longer part of state
  149.                         diagram]
  150. RFC                     Request for Comments (internet standard)
  151. RTA                     Receive Terminate-Ack [state diagram]
  152. RTR                     Receive Terminate-Request [state diagram]
  153. RUC                     Receive unknown code [state diagram]
  154. sca                     Send Configure-Ack [state diagram]
  155. scj                     Send Code-Reject [state diagram]
  156. scn                     Send Configure-Nak or -Reject [state diagram]
  157. scr                     Send Configure-Request [state diagram]
  158. ser                     Send Echo-Reply [no longer part of state diagram]
  159. sta                     Send Terminate-Ack [state diagram]
  160. str                     Send Terminate-Request [state diagram]
  161. ST-II                   Stream Protocol
  162. TO+                     Timeout with counter > 0 [state diagram]
  163. TO-                     Timeout with counter expired [state diagram]
  164. VJ                      Van Jacobson (RFC1144 header compression algorithm)
  165. XNS                     Xerox Network Services
  166.                         
  167. 2.4 PPP relevant RFCs
  168.  
  169.    Here's a list with descriptions.  Note some of these are obsolete. You
  170.    might also want to  search for recent RFCs or  internet drafts in an
  171.    up-to-date  RFC archive.
  172.    
  173. 1378                      PPP AppleTalk Control Protocol (ATCP). Parker, B.
  174.                          1992 November; 16 p.        (Format: TXT=28496
  175.                         bytes)
  176. 1377                      PPP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol (OSINLCP).
  177.                         Katz, D.  1992        November; 10 p. (Format:
  178.                         TXT=22109 bytes)
  179. 1376                      PPP DECnet Phase IV Control Protocol (DNCP).
  180.                         Senum, S.J.  1992 November;       6 p. (Format:
  181.                         TXT=12448 bytes)
  182. 1362                      Allen, M.  Novell IPX Over Various WAN Media
  183.                         (IPXWAN).  1992 September;       18 p. (Format:
  184.                         TXT=30220 bytes)
  185. 1334                      PPP authentication protocols. Lloyd, B.; Simpson,
  186.                         W.A.  1992 October;        16 p. (Format: TXT=33248
  187.                         bytes)
  188. 1333                      PPP link quality monitoring. Simpson, W.A.  1992
  189.                         May; 15 p. (Format:        TXT=29965 bytes)
  190. 1332                      PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP).
  191.                         McGregor, G.  1992 May;        12 p. (Format:
  192.                         TXT=17613 bytes)  (Obsoletes RFC1172)
  193. 1331                      Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for the
  194.                         transmission of multi-protocol        datagrams
  195.                         over point-to-point links. Simpson, W.A.  1992 May;
  196.                         66 p.        (Format:
  197.                         TXT=129892 bytes)  (Obsoletes RFC1171,
  198.                         RFC1172)
  199. 1220                      Point-to-Point Protocol extensions for bridging.
  200.                         Baker, F.,ed.  1991        April; 18 p. (Format:
  201.                         TXT=38165 bytes)
  202. 1172                      Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) initial
  203.                         configuration options. Perkins,        D.; Hobby,
  204.                         R.  1990 July; 38 p. (Format: TXT=76132 bytes)
  205.                         (Obsoleted by       RFC1331, RFC1332)
  206. 1171                      Point-to-Point Protocol for the transmission of
  207.                         multi-protocol datagrams       over Point-to-Point
  208.                         links. Perkins, D.  1990 July; 48 p. (Format:
  209.                          TXT=92321 bytes)  (Obsoletes RFC1134; Obsoleted by
  210.                         RFC1331)
  211. 1134                      Point-to-Point Protocol: A proposal for
  212.                         multi-protocol transmission of        datagrams
  213.                         over Point-to-Point links. Perkins, D.  1989
  214.                         November; 38 p.        (Format: TXT=87352 bytes)
  215.                         (Obsoleted by RFC1171)
  216. 1144                     Compressing TCP/IP headers for low-speed serial
  217.                         links. Jacobson, V.         1990 February; 43 p.
  218.                         (Format: TXT=120959 PS=534729 bytes)
  219.                         
  220.    In comp.protocols.ppp (Message-ID:
  221.    <BOB.92Dec3145948@volitans.MorningStar.Com>)
  222.    
  223.                                       bob@MorningStar.Com (Bob Sutterfield)
  224.                                                                            
  225.    wrote :
  226.    
  227.     All of 1134, 1171, and 1172 (and 1055, for that matter :-) have been
  228.    obsoleted.  They're interesting only if you want to debug a connection
  229.    with an ancient PPP implementation, and you're wondering why (e.g.) it
  230.    asked you for IPCP option 2 with a length of only 4, and
  231.    Compression-Type 0x0037.
  232.    
  233.     (There's a lot of that still running around - be careful out there.)
  234.    
  235.    *** Go back here.  To the top page here. Read on here.
  236.    
  237.    
  238. -- 
  239. -- 
  240.     Ignatios Souvatzis
  241. -
  242. Solaris 2.1:  it's slow, needs 200M of disk space and comes without C compiler,
  243. which makes it remarkably close to MS-Windows. oleg@gd.cs.csufresno.edu
  244.