Total Baseball (1994 Edition)/Total_Baseball_1994_Edition_Creative_Multimedia_1994.iso/dp/0005/00057.txt

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$Unique_ID{BAS00057}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Awards and Honors:  Part 3}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Deane, Bill}
$Subject{Award Awards Honor Honors Rookie Year Cy Young Hypothetical
Gold Glove}
$Log{}

Total Baseball:  The Highlights of the Game


Awards and Honors:  Part 3

Bill Deane


Rookie of the Year Award:  History

The Chicago chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA)
established an award recognizing the major leagues' top rookie following the
1940 season, selecting Lou Boudreau for the honor. This procedure continued
for six more years before going national. The subsequent winners of the
Chicago chapter's award were Pete Reiser (1941), Johnny Beazley (1942), Bill
Johnson (1943), Bill Voiselle (1944), Boo Ferriss (1945), and Eddie Waitkus
(1946).
     The Sporting News began naming its own Rookie of the Year in 1946,
with the selection of Del Ennis. Their award has competed with that of the
BBWAA ever since. In 1949 they began recognizing a winner from each league
and in 1957 they started selecting both a rookie player and rookie pitcher of
the year for each league.
     In 1947 thirty-three baseball writers were asked to name five rookies
in order of preference, with votes distributed on a 5-4-3-2-1 basis. Thus,
Jackie Robinson became the first nationally recognized winner of the BBWAA
Rookie of the Year Award, or the J. Louis Comiskey Memorial Award, as it was
called. During the 1987 Hall of Fame induction ceremony, Commissioner Peter
Ueberroth announced that, hereafter, the Rookie of the Year Award would be
officially known as the Jackie Robinson Award.
     In 1948 forty-eight writers took part in the award, this time naming
only a single candidate on each ballot. In 1949 the BBWAA began the process
of choosing a top rookie in each league. Three writers from each league city,
the same men who decided on the MVP Awards, participated in the voting.
Voters were free to use their individual judgments as to the eligibility of
rookie candidates, which created some problems, especially in 1950 when Al
Rosen, and his league-leading 37 homers, was ignored by Rookie of the Year
voters. Apparently they felt that Rosen's 58 previous major league at-bats
were tantamount to veteran status, while winner Walt Dropo's 41 previous
at-bats were not.
     In 1957 formal guidelines were finally established for determining
rookie status. A player could not have accumulated more than 75 at-bats, 45
innings pitched, or have been on a major league roster between May 15 and
September 1 of any previous season. Shortly after, the guidelines were
changed to 90 at-bats, 45 innings pitched or 45 days on a major league roster
before September 1. Finally, in 1971, the guidelines were set at 130 at-bats,
50 innings, or 45 days on a roster.
     There were several instances, especially in the early days of the
award, in which some Rookie of the Year voters didn't bother to exercise their
franchise. In 1961, as with the MVP Award, the number of voters was reduced
from three to two writers from each league city.
     Following two tie votes in four years (1976 NL, 1979 AL), the writers
adopted the system used in Cy Young Award balloting: naming three rookies on
each ballot, in order of preference, with votes distributed on a 5-3-1 basis.
This system began in 1980.
     The maximum possible point total available to Rookie of the Year
candidates was 165 in 1947, 48 in 1948, and 24 in each league in 1949-60. In
the National League, it was 16 in 1961, 20 in 1962-68, 24 in 1969-79, and 120
from 1980 to the present. In the American League, it was 20 in 1961-68, 24 in
1969-76, 28 in 1977-79, and 140 from 1980 to the present.
     There have been ten unanimous Rookie of the Year selections since
1947: Frank Robinson (NL, 1956), Orlando Cepeda (NL, 1958), Willie McCovey
(NL, 1959), Carlton Fisk (AL, 1972), Vince Coleman (NL, 1985), Benito Santiago
(NL, 1987), Mark McGwire (AL, 1987), Sandy Alomar (AL, 1990), Mike Piazza
(NL, 1993), and Tim Salmon (AL, 1993).

Rookie of the Year Award

1947
J. Robinson, BKN (NL)           129
L. Jansen, NY (NL)              105
F. Shea, NY (AL)                 67
F. Fain, PHI (AL)                43
F. Baumholtz, CIN (NL)           42
(Rest of voting unknown)

1948
A. Dark, BOS (NL)                27
G. Bearden, CLE (AL)              8
R. Ashburn, PHI (NL)              7
L. Brissie, PHI (AL)              3
B. Goodman, BOS (AL)              3

1949 NATIONAL
D. Newcombe, BKN                 21
D. Crandall, BOS                  3

1949 AMERICAN
R. Sievers, SL                   10
A. Kellner, PHI                   5
G. Coleman, NY                    4
B. Kuzava, CHI                    1
J. Groth, DET                     1
M. Garcia, CLE                    1

1950 NATIONAL
S. Jethroe, BOS                  11
B. Miller, PHI                    5
D. O' Connell, PIT                4
E. Church, PHI                    2
B. Serena, CHI                    1

1950 AMERICAN
W. Dropo, BOS                    15
W. Ford, NY                       6
C. Carrasquel, CHI                2

1951 NATIONAL
W. Mays, NY                      18
C. Nichols, BOS                   4
C. Labine, BKN                    2

1951 AMERICAN
G. McDougald, NY                 13
M. Minoso, CHI                   11

1952 NATIONAL
J. Black, BKN                    19
H. Wilhelm, NY                    3
D. Groat, PIT                     1
E. Mathews, BOS                   1

1952 AMERICAN
H. Byrd, PHI                      9
C. Courtney, SL                   8
S. White, BOS                     7

1953 NATIONAL
J. Gilliam, BKN                  11
H. Haddix, SL                     4
R. Jablonski, SL                  3
R. Repulski, SL                   2
B. Bruton, MIL                    2
F. Baczewski, CIN                 1
J. Greengrass, CIN                1

1953 AMERICAN
H. Kuenn, DET                    23
T. Umphlett, BOS                  1

1954 NATIONAL
W. Moon, SL                      17
E. Banks, CHI                     4
G. Conley, MIL                    2
H. Aaron, MIL                     1

1954 AMERICAN
B. Grim, NY                      15
J. Finigan, PHI                   8
A. Kaline, DET                    1

1955 NATIONAL
B. Virdon, SL                    15
J. Meyer, PHI                     7
D. Bessent, BKN                   2

1955 AMERICAN
H. Score, CLE                    18
B. Klaus, BOS                     5
N. Zauchin, BOS                   1

1956 NATIONAL
F. Robinson, CIN                 24

1956 AMERICAN
L. Aparicio, CHI                 22
T. Francona, BAL                  1
R. Colavito, CLE                  1

1957 NATIONAL
J. Sanford, PHI                  16
E. Bouchee, PHI                   4
D. Drott, CHI                     3
B. Hazle, MIL                     1

1957 AMERICAN
T. Kubek, NY                     23
F. Malzone, BOS                   1

1958 NATIONAL
O. Cepeda, SF                    21

1958 AMERICAN
A. Pearson, WAS                  14
R. Duren, NY                      7
G. Bell, CLE                      3

1959 NATIONAL
W. McCovey, SF                   24

1959 AMERICAN
B. Allison, WAS                  18
J. Perry, CLE                     5
R. Snyder, KC                     1

1960 NATIONAL
F. Howard, LA                    12
P. Herrera, PHI                   4
A. Mahaffey, PHI                  3
R. Santo, CHI                     2
T. Davis, LA                      1

1960 AMERICAN
R. Hansen, BAL                   22
C. Estrada, BAL                   1
J. Gentile, BAL                   1

1961 NATIONAL
B. Williams, CHI                 10
J. Torre, MIL                     5
J. Curtis, CHI                    1

1961 AMERICAN
D. Schwall, BOS                   7
D. Howser, KC                     6
Fl. Robinson, CHI                 2
C. Schilling, BOS                 2
L. Thomas, LA                     2
J. Wood, DET                      1

1962 NATIONAL
K. Hubbs, CHI                    19
D. Clendenon, PIT                 1

1962 AMERICAN
T. Tresh, NY                     13
B. Rodgers, LA                    4
B. Allen, MIN                     1
D. Chance, LA                     1
D. Radatz, BOS                    1

1963 NATIONAL
P. Rose, CIN                     17
R. Hunt, NY                       2
R. Culp, PHI                      1

1963 AMERICAN
G. Peters, CHI                   10
P. Ward, CHI                      6
J. Hall, MIN                      4

1964 NATIONAL
R. Allen, PHI                    18
R. Carty, MIL                     1
J. Hart, SF                       1

1964 AMERICAN
T. Oliva, MIN                    19
W. Bunker, BAL                    1

1965 NATIONAL
J. Lefebvre, LA                  13
J. Morgan, HOU                    4
F. Linzy, SF                      3

1965 AMERICAN
C. Blefary, BAL                  12
M. Lopez, CAL                     8

1966 NATIONAL
T. Helms, CIN                    12
S. Jackson, HOU                   3
T. Fuentes, SF                    2
R. Hundley, CHI                   1
C. Jones, NY                      1
L. Jaster, SL                     1

1966 AMERICAN
T. Agee, CHI                     16
J. Nash, KC                       2
D. Johnson, BAL                   1
G. Scott, BOS                     1

1967 NATIONAL
T. Seaver, NY                    11
D. Hughes, SL                     6
G. Nolan, CIN                     3

1967 AMERICAN
R. Carew, MIN                    19
R. Smith, BOS                     1

1968 NATIONAL
J. Bench, CIN                10 1/2
J. Koosman, NY                9 1/2

1968 AMERICAN
S. Bahnsen, NY                   17
D. Unser, WAS                     3

1969 NATIONAL
T. Sizemore, LA                  14
C. Laboy, MON                     3
A. Oliver, PIT                    3
B. Didier, ATL                    2
L. Hisle, PHI                     2

1969 AMERICAN
L. Piniella, KC                   9
M. Nagy, BOS                      6
C. May, CHI                       5
K. Tatum, CAL                     4

1970 NATIONAL
C. Morton, MON                   11
B. Carbo, CIN                     8
L. Bowa, PHI                      3
W. Simpson, CIN                   1
C. Cedeno, HOU                    1

1970 AMERICAN
T. Munson, NY                    23
R. Foster, CLE                    1

1971 NATIONAL
E. Williams, ATL                 18
W. Montanez, PHI                  6

1971 AMERICAN
C. Chambliss, CLE                11
B. Parsons, MIL                   5
A. Mangual, OAK                   4
D. Griffin, BOS                   3
P. Splittorff, KC                 1

1972 NATIONAL
J. Matlack, NY                   19
Dv. Rader, SF                     4
J. Milner, NY                     1

1972 AMERICAN
C. Fisk, BOS                     24

1973 NATIONAL
G. Matthews, SF                  11
S. Rogers, MON                3 1/2
B. Boone, PHI                     2
E. Sosa, SF                       2
D. Driessen, CIN                  2
R. Cey, LA                        1
D. Lopes, LA                      1
J. Grubb, SD                      1
R. Zisk, PIT                    1/2

1973 AMERICAN
A. Bumbry, BAL               13 1/2
P. Garcia, MIL                    3
D. Porter, MIL                    2
S. Busby, KC                      2
D. Medich, NY                     2
R. Coggins, BAL               1 1/2

1974 NATIONAL
B. McBride, SL                   16
G. Gross, HOU                     7
B. Madlock CHI                    1

1974 AMERICAN
M. Hargrove, TEX             16 1/2
B. Dent, CHI                      3
G. Brett, KC                      2
R. Burleson, BOS              1 1/2
J. Sundberg, TEX                  1

1975 NATIONAL
J. Montefusco, SF                12
G. Carter, MON                    9
Lr. Parrish, MON                  1
R. Eastwick, CIN                  1
M. Trillo, CHI                    1

1975 AMERICAN
F. Lynn, BOS                 23 1/2
J. Rice, BOS                    1/2

1976 NATIONAL
B. Metzger, SD                   11
P. Zachry, CIN                   11
H. Cruz, SL                       2

1976 AMERICAN
M. Fidrych, DET                  22
B. Wynegar, MIN                   2

1977 NATIONAL
A. Dawson, MON                   10
S. Henderson, NY                  9
G. Richards, SD                   4
F. Bannister, HOU                 1

1977 AMERICAN
E. Murray, BAL               12 1/2
M. Page, OAK                  9 1/2
B. Wills, TEX                     4
D. Rozema, DET                    2

1978 NATIONAL
B. Horner, ATL               12 1/2
O. Smith, SD                  8 1/2
D. Robinson, PIT                  3

1978 AMERICAN
L. Whitaker, DET                 21
P. Molitor, MIL                   3
C. Lansford, CAL                  2
R. Gale, KC                       1
A. Trammell, DET                  1

1979 NATIONAL
R. Sutcliffe, LA                 20
J. Leonard, HOU                   3
S. Thompson, CHI                  1

1979 AMERICAN
J. Castino, MIN                   7
A. Griffin, TOR                   7
M. Clear, CAL                     5
R. Davis, NY                      3
R. Baumgarten, CHI                3
P. Putnam, TEX                    3

1980 NATIONAL
S. Howe, LA                      80
B. Gullickson, MON               53
L. Smith, PHI                    49
R. Oester, CIN                   16
D. Smith, HOU                    13
J. Reardon, NY                    2
A. Holland, SF                    1
L. Durham, SL                     1
B. Walk, PHI                      1

1980 AMERICAN
J. Charboneau, CLE              102
D. Stapleton, BOS                40
D. Corbett, MIN                  38
D. Garcia, TOR                   35
B. Burns, CHI                    33
R. Peters, DET                    3
R. Dotson, CHI                    1

1981 NATIONAL
F. Valenzuela, LA               107
T. Raines, MON                   85
H. Brooks, NY                 8 1/2
B. Berenyi, CIN                   5
J. Bonilla, SD                    5
T. Pena, PIT                      4
M. Wilson, NY                 1 1/2

1981 AMERICAN
D. Righetti, NY                 127
R. Gedman, BOS                   64
B. Ojeda, BOS                    36
M. Jones, KC                      8
D. Engle, MIN                 4 1/2
M. Witt, CAL                      4
S. Babitt, OAK                    4
J. Bell, TOR                      2
G. Ward, MIN                  1 1/2
B. Havens, MIN                    1

1982 NATIONAL
S. Sax, LA                       63
J. Ray, PIT                      57
W. McGee, SL                     39
C. Davis, SF                     32
L. DeLeon, SD                    10
R. Sandberg, CHI                  9
S. Bedrosian, ATL                 4
D. LaPoint, SL                    1
E. Show, SD                       1

1982 AMERICAN
C. Ripken, BAL                  132
K. Hrbek, MIN                    90
W. Boggs, BOS                10 1/2
E. Vande Berg, SEA                9
G. Gaetti, MIN                    4
D. Hostetler, TEX                 3
V. Hayes, CLE                     2
J. Barfield, TOR              1 1/2

1983 NATIONAL
D. Strawberry, NY               106
C. McMurtry, ATL                 49
M. Hall, CHI                     32
G. Redus, CIN                     8
B. Doran, HOU                     7
F. DiPino, HOU                    6
G. Brock, LA                      3
J. DeLeon, PIT                    3
M. Thurmond, SD                   1
L. Tunnell, PIT                   1

1983 AMERICAN
R. Kittle, CHI                  104
J. Franco, CLE                   78
M. Boddicker, BAL                70

1984 NATIONAL
D. Gooden, NY                   118
J. Samuel, PHI                   67
O. Hershiser, LA                 15
D. Gladden, SF                    9
R. Darling, NY                    3
C. Martinez, SD                   2
J. Stone, PHI                     1
T. Pendleton, SL                  1

1984 AMERICAN
A. Davis, SEA                   134
M. Langston, SEA                 82
K. Puckett, MIN                  23
T. Teufel, MIN                    5
M. Young, BAL                     3
R. Clemens, BOS                   2
M. Gubicza, KC                    1
A. Nipper, BOS                    1
R. Romanick, CAL                  1

1985 NATIONAL
V. Coleman, SL                  120
T. Browning, CIN                 72
M. Duncan, LA                     9
C. Brown, SF                      7
G. Davis, HOU                     3
R. McDowell, NY                   2
J. Orsulak, PIT                   2
J. Hesketh, MON                   1

1985 AMERICAN
O. Guillen, CHI                 101
T. Higuera, MIL                  67
E. Riles, MIL                    29
O. McDowell, TEX                 25
S. Cliburn, CAL                  16
B. Fisher, NY                     7
T. Henke, TOR                     5
M. Salas, MIN                     2

1986 NATIONAL
T. Worrell, SL                  118
R. Thompson, SF                  46
K. Mitchell, NY                  22
C. Kerfeld, HOU                  17
W. Clark, SF                      5
Br. Bonds, PIT                    4
J. Deshaies, HOU                  1
B. Larkin, CIN                    1
B. Ruffin, PHI                    1
J. Kruk, SD                       1

1986 AMERICAN
J. Canseco, OAK                 110
W. Joyner, CAL                   98
M. Eichhorn, TOR                 23
C. Snyder, CLE                   16
D. Tartabull, SEA                 4
R. Sierra, TEX                    1

1987 NATIONAL
B. Santiago, SD                 120
M. Dunne, PIT                    66
J. Magrane, SL                   10
C. Candaele, MON                  9
G. Young, HOU                     7
C. James, PHI                     1
L. Lancaster, CHI                 1
G. Mathews, SL                    1
R. Myers, NY                      1

1987 AMERICAN
M. McGwire, OAK                 140
K. Seitzer, KC                   64
M. Nokes, DET                    32
M. Greenwell, BOS                 9
D. White, CAL                     5
M. Henneman, DET                  1
N. Liriano, TOR                   1

1988 NATIONAL
C. Sabo, CIN                     79
M. Grace, CHI                    61
T. Belcher, LA                   35
R. Gant, ATL                     22
R. Alomar, SD                    11
D. Berryhill, CHI                 3
G. Jefferies, NY                  3
R. Jordan, PHI                    2

1988 AMERICAN
W. Weiss, OAK                   103
B. Harvey, CAL                   49
J. Reed, BOS                     48
D. August, MIL                   22
D. Gallagher, CHI                18
M. Perez, CHI                     9
M. Schooler, SEA                  2
C. Espy, TEX                      1

1989 NATIONAL
J. Walton, CHI                  116
D. Smith, CHI                    68
G. Jeffries, NY                  18
D. Lilliquist, ATL                6
A. Benes, SD                      3
C. Hayes, PHI                     3
G. Harris, SD                     2

1989 AMERICAN
G. Olson, BAL                   136
T. Gordon, KC                    67
K. Griffey, SEA                  21
C. Worthington, Bal              16
J. Abbott, Cal                   10
K. Brown, TEX                     2

1990 NATIONAL
D. Justice, ATL                 118
D. DeShields, MON                60
H. Morris, CIN                   13
J. Burkett, SF                   12
M. Harkey, CHI                    7
T. Zeile, SL                      4
M. Grissom, MON                   1
L. Walker, MON                    1

1990 AMERICAN
S. Alomar, CLE                  140
K. Maas, NY                      47
K. Appier, KC                    31
J. Olerud, TOR                   13
K. Tapani, MIN                    9
T. Fryman, DET                    5
R. Ventura, CHI                   3
B. McDonald, BAL                  2
A. Cole, CLE                      1
S. Radinsky, CHI                  1

1991 NATIONAL
J. Bagwell, HOU                 118
O. Merced, PIT                   53
R. Lankford, SL                  28
B. Hunter, ATL                    7
B. Barberie, MON                  3
W. Chamberlain, PHI               3
C. McElroy, CHI                   3
M. Stanton, ATL                   1

1991 AMERICAN
C. Knoblauch, MIN               136
J. Guzman, TOR                   68
M. Cuyler, DET                   22
I. Rodriguez, TEX                10
R. DeLucia, SEA                   7
M. Timlin, TOR                    2
M. Whiten, CLE                    2
L. Gomez, BAL                     1
D. Henry, MIL                     1
B. Mayne, KC                      1
C. Nagy, CLE                      1
P. Plantier, BOS                  1

1992 NATIONAL
E. Karros, LA                   116
M. Alou, MON                     30
T. Wakefield, PIT                29
R. Sanders, CIN                  23
D. Osborne, SL                   12
M. Perez, SL                      2
B. Rivera, PHI                    1
F. Seminara, SD                   1
B. Williams, HOU                  1
M. Wohlers, ATL                   1

1992 AMERICAN
P. Listach, MIL                 122
K. Lofton, CLE                   85
D. Fleming, SEA                  23
C. Eldred, MIL                   22

1993 NATIONAL
M. Piazza, LA                   140
G. McMicheal, ATL                40
J. Conine, FLA                   31
C. Carr, FLA                     18
A. Martin, PIT                    6
K. Stocker, PHI                   4
W. Cordero, MON                   3
K. Rueter, MON                    3
C. Garcia, PIT                    2
P. Martinez, LA                   2
S. Cooke, PIT                     1
R. Guttierrez, SD                 1
A. Reynoso, COL                   1

1993 AMERICAN
T. Salmon, CAL                  140
J. Bere, CHI                     59
A. Sele, BOS                     19
W. Kirby, CLE                    12
R. Amaral, SEA                    8
B. Gates, OAK                     7
T. Neel, OAK                      5
J. DiPoto, CLE                    1
D. Hulse, TEX                     1


Cy Young Award:  History

Commissioner Ford Frick, troubled by pitchers' lack of representation in MVP
voting, spearheaded the 1956 effort to initiate a "most valuable pitcher"
award. Cy Young, baseball's winningest pitcher, who had died the previous
November, was the logical choice to name the honor after. At a special
meeting on July 9, 1956, the Baseball Writers' Association of America
approved, by the slim margin of 14-12, the establishment of the Cy Young
Memorial Award, designed to honor the major leagues' outstanding pitcher each
year beginning in '56. Ironically, the first winner, Brooklyn's Don Newcombe,
also won his league's MVP Award.
     One writer from each major league city participated in the balloting.
In case of a tie vote, a second balloting was to be taken between the
deadlocked pitchers. Hurlers were not to be eligible to win the award more
than once, a rule which was evidently scrapped within two years.
     Frick was adamantly opposed to the commonly voiced idea to recognize
a Cy Young winner in each league but, not long after his December 1965
retirement, the idea became a reality. On March 1, 1967, Frick's successor
William Eckert approved the plan for dual awards, with two writers from each
league city designated to make selections.
     The system of having each writer make only one selection prevailed
until 1969, when Detroit's Denny McLain and Baltimore's Mike Cuellar tied for
the AL Cy Young Award. Thereafter, writers were instructed to name three
pitchers in each league, with 5 points allotted for each first-place vote, 3
for second, and 1 for third.
     The maximum number of points available for one pitcher was 16 from
1956-60, 18 in 1961, 20 in 1962-68, 24 in 1969, 120 in 1970-76 (AL) and
1970-present (NL), and 140 in 1977-present (AL). As with every other major
award, there have been a few instances in Cy Young voting where at least one
writer failed to return a ballot.
     Unanimous winners of the Cy Young Award are Sandy Koufax (NL, 1963,
'65, and '66), Bob Gibson (NL, 1968), Denny McLain (AL, 1968), Steve Carlton
(NL, 1972), Ron Guidry (AL, 1978), Rick Sutcliffe (NL, 1984),
Dwight Gooden (NL, 1985), Roger Clemens (AL, 1986), and Orel Hershiser (NL,
1988).
     Relief pitchers, once overlooked in Cy Young balloting, have become
strong candidates in recent years. Until 1970 only one reliever--Lindy
McDaniel in 1960--had received even a single vote. The new voting system
helped open opportunities for bullpen aces and in 1974 the Dodgers' Mike
Marshall became the first reliever to win the Cy Young Award. He has been
followed in that distinction by Sparky Lyle (AL, 1977), Bruce Sutter (NL,
1979), Rollie Fingers (AL, 1981), Willie Hernandez (AL, 1984), Steve Bedrosian
(NL, 1987), and Mark Davis (NL, 1989).

Cy Young Award

1956
D. Newcombe, BKN (NL)            10
S. Maglie, BKN (NL)               4
W. Spahn, MIL (NL)                1
W. Ford, NY (AL)                  1

1957
W. Spahn, MIL (NL)               15
D. Donovan, CHI (AL)              1

1958
B. Turley, NY (AL)                5
W. Spahn, MIL (NL)                4
B. Friend, PIT (NL)               3
L. Burdette, MIL (NL)             3

1959
E. Wynn, CHI (AL)                13
S. Jones, SF (NL)                 2
B. Shaw, CHI (AL)                 1

1960
V. Law, PIT (NL)                  8
W. Spahn, MIL (NL)                4
E. Broglio, SL (NL)               1
L. McDaniel, SL (NL)              1

1961
W. Ford, NY (AL)                  9
W. Spahn, MIL (NL)                6
F. Lary, DET (AL)                 2

1962
D. Drysdale, LA (NL)             14
J. Sanford, SF (NL)               4
B. Purkey, CIN (NL)               1
B. Pierce, SF (NL)                1

1963
S. Koufax, LA (NL)               20

1964
D. Chance, LA (AL)               17
L. Jackson, CHI (NL)              2
S. Koufax, LA (NL)                1

1965
S. Koufax, LA (NL)               20

1966
S. Koufax, LA (NL)               20

1967 NATIONAL
M. Mc Cormick, SF                18
F. Jenkins, CHI                   1
J. Bunning, PHI                   1

1967 AMERICAN
J. Lonborg, BOS                  18
J. Horlen, CHI                    2

1968 NATIONAL
B. Gibson, SL                    20

1968 AMERICAN
D. McLain, DET                   20

1969 NATIONAL
T. Seaver, NY                    23
P. Niekro, ATL                    1

1969 AMERICAN
M. Cuellar, BAL                  10
D. McLain, DET                   10
J. Perry, MIN                     3
D. McNally, BAL                   1

1970 NATIONAL
B. Gibson, SL                   118
G. Perry, SF                     51
F. Jenkins CHI                   16
D. Giusti, PIT                    8
J. Merritt, CIN                   8
G. Nolan, CIN                     5
T. Seaver, NY                     4
W. Granger, CIN                   3
C. Morton, MON                    2
L. Walker, PIT                    1

1970 AMERICAN
J. Perry, MIN                    55
D. McNally, BAL                  47
S. McDowell, CLE                 45
M. Cuellar, BAL                  44
J. Palmer, BAL                   11
C. Wright, CAL                    9
R. Perranoski, MIN                5

1971 NATIONAL
F. Jenkins, CHI                  97
T. Seaver, NY                    61
A. Downing, LA                   40
D. Ellis, PIT                     9
B. Gibson, SL                     3
J. Johnson, SF                    2
D. Roberts, SD                    2
J. Marichal, SF                   1
B. Stoneman, MON                  1

1971 AMERICAN
V. Blue, OAK                     98
M. Lolich, DET                   85
W. Wood, CHI                     23
D. McNally, BAL                   8
D. Drago, KC                      1
A. Messersmith, CAL               1

1972 NATIONAL
S. Carlton, PHI                 120
S. Blass, PIT                    35
F. Jenkins, CHI                  23
M. Marshall, MON                  8
G. Nolan, CIN                     6
T. Seaver, NY                     6
C. Carroll, CIN                   6
D. Sutton, LA                     6
B. Gibson, SL                     3
M. Pappas, CHI                    3

1972 AMERICAN
G. Perry, CLE                    64
W. Wood, CHI                     58
M. Lolich, DET                   27
J. Hunter, OAK                   26
J. Palmer, BAL                   20
L. Tiant, BOS                    16
S. Lyle, NY                       3
N. Ryan, CAL                      2

1973 NATIONAL
T. Seaver, NY                    71
M. Marshall, MON                 54
R. Bryant, SF                    50
J. Billingham, CIN               30
D. Sutton, LA                     7
F. Norman, SD-CIN                 3
D. Giusti, PIT                    1

1973 AMERICAN
J. Palmer, BAL                   88
N. Ryan, CAL                     62
J. Hunter, OAK                   52
J. Hiller, DET                    6
W. Wood, CHI                      3
J. Colborn, MIL                   2
V. Blue, OAK                      1
B. Blyleven, MIN                  1
G. Perry, CLE                     1

1974 NATIONAL
M. Marshall, LA                  96
A. Messersmith, LA               66
P. Niekro, ATL                   15
D. Sutton, LA                    12
A. Hrabosky, SL                   9
J. Billingham, CIN                8
D. Gullett, CIN                   5
C. Carroll, CIN                   2
D. Giusti, PIT                    1
B. Capra, ATL                     1
L. McGlothen, SL                  1

1974 AMERICAN
J. Hunter, OAK                   90
F. Jenkins, TEX                  75
N. Ryan, CAL                     28
G. Perry, CLE                     8
L. Tiant, BOS                     8
M. Cuellar, BAL                   6
J. Hiller, DET                    1

1975 NATIONAL
T. Seaver, NY                    98
R. Jones, SD                     80
A. Hrabosky, SL                  33
J. Montefusco, SF                 2
D. Gullett, CIN                   1
A. Messersmith, LA                1
D. Sutton, LA                     1

1975 AMERICAN
J. Palmer, BAL                   98
J. Hunter, NY                    74
R. Fingers, OAK                  25
F. Tanana, CAL                    7
J. Kaat, CHI                      7
V. Blue, OAK                      2
R. Gossage, CHI                   2
R. Wise, BOS                      1

1976 NATIONAL
R. Jones, SD                     96
J. Koosman, NY               69 1/2
D. Sutton, LA                25 1/2
S. Carlton, PHI                  11
R. Eastwick, CIN                  6
J. Matlack, NY                    5
J. Richard, HOU                   2
T. Seaver, NY                     1

1976 AMERICAN
J. Palmer, BAL                  108
M. Fidrych, DET                  51
F. Tanana, CAL                   18
E. Figueroa, NY                  12
L. Tiant, BOS                    10
V. Blue, OAK                      8
B. Campbell, MIN                  7
R. Fingers, OAK                   1
W. Garland, BAL                   1

1977 NATIONAL
S. Carlton, PHI                 104
T. John, LA                      54
T. Seaver, NY-CIN                18
R. Reuschel, CHI                 18
J. Candelaria, PIT               17
B. Sutter, CHI                    5

1977 AMERICAN
S. Lyle, NY                  56 1/2
J. Palmer, BAL                   48
N. Ryan, CAL                     46
D. Leonard, KC                   45
B. Campbell, BOS             25 1/2
D. Goltz, MIN                    19
R. Guidry, NY                     5
D. Rozema, DET                    4
F. Tanana, CAL                    3

1978 NATIONAL
G. Perry, SD                    116
B. Hooton, LA                    38
V. Blue, SF                      17
J. Richard, HOU                  13
K. Tekulve, PIT                  12
P. Niekro, ATL                   10
R. Grimsley, MON                  7
R. Fingers, SD                    1
T. John, LA                       1
D. Robinson, PIT                  1

1978 AMERICAN
R. Guidry, NY                   140
M. Caldwell, MIL                 76
J. Palmer, BAL                   14
D. Eckersley, BOS                10
R. Gossage, NY                    4
F. Jenkins, TEX                   2
E. Figueroa, NY                   1
L. Gura, KC                       1
D. Leonard, KC                    1
M. Marshall, MIN                  1
P. Splittorff, KC                 1
B. Stanley, BOS                   1

1979 NATIONAL
B. Sutter, CHI                   72
J. Niekro, HOU                   66
J. Richard, HOU                  41
T. Seaver, CIN                   20
K. Tekulve, PIT                  14
P. Niekro, ATL                    3

1979 AMERICAN
M. Flanagan, BAL                136
T. John, NY                      51
R. Guidry, NY                    26
J. Kern, TEX                     25
M. Marshall, MIN                  7
J. Koosman, MIN                   5
D. Eckersley, BOS                 1
A. Lopez, DET                     1

1980 NATIONAL
S. Carlton, PHI                 118
J. Reuss, LA                     55
J. Bibby, PIT                    28
J. Niekro, HOU                   11
T. McGraw, PHI                    1
S. Rogers, MON                    1
J. Sambito, HOU                   1
M. Soto, CIN                      1

1980 AMERICAN
S. Stone, BAL                   100
M. Norris, OAK                   91
R. Gossage, NY               37 1/2
T. John, NY                      14
D. Quisenberry, KC            7 1/2
L. Gura, KC                       1
S. McGregor, BAL                  1

1981 NATIONAL
F. Valenzuela, LA                70
T. Seaver, CIN                   67
S. Carlton, PHI                  50
N. Ryan, HOU                     28
B. Sutter, SL                     1

1981 AMERICAN
R. Fingers, MIL                 126
S. McCatty, OAK              84 1/2
J. Morris, DET                   21
P. Vuckovich, MIL             8 1/2
D. Martinez, BAL              3 1/2
R. Gossage, NY                    3
R. Guidry, NY                 2 1/2
B. Burns, CHI                     2
L. Gura, KC                       1

1982 NATIONAL
S. Carlton, PHI                 112
S. Rogers, MON                   29
F. Valenzuela, LA            25 1/2
B. Sutter, SL                    25
P. Niekro, ATL                   18
G. Minton, SF                     4
J. Andujar, SL                    1
G. Garber, ATL                    1
M. Soto, CIN                    1/2

1982 AMERICAN
P. Vuckovich, MIL                87
J. Palmer, BAL                   59
D. Quisenberry, KC               40
D. Stieb, TOR                    36
R. Sutcliffe, CLE                14
G. Zahn, CAL                      7
B. Stanley, BOS                   4
B. Caudill, SEA                   4
D. Petry, DET                     1

1983 NATIONAL
J. Denny, PHI                   103
M. Soto, CIN                     61
J. Orosco, NY                    19
S. Rogers, MON                   15
L. McWilliams, PIT                7
A. Holland, PHI                   4
C. McMurtry, ATL                  3
B. Welch, LA                      2
N. Ryan, HOU                      1
L. Smith, CHI                     1

1983 AMERICAN
L. Hoyt, CHI                    116
D. Quisenberry, KC               81
J. Morris, DET                   38
R. Dotson, CHI                    9
R. Guidry, NY                     5
S. McGregor, BAL                  3

1984 NATIONAL
R. Sutcliffe, CHI               120
D. Gooden, NY                    45
B. Sutter, SL                33 1/2
J. Andujar, SL               12 1/2
R. Gossage, SD                    3
M. Soto, CIN                      2

1984 AMERICAN
W. Hernandez, DET                88
D. Quisenberry, KC               71
B. Blyleven, CLE                 45
M. Boddicker, BAL                41
D. Petry, DET                     3
F. Viola, MIN                     2
J. Morris, DET                    1
D. Stieb, TOR                     1

1985 NATIONAL
D. Gooden, NY                   120
J. Tudor, SL                     65
O. Hershiser, LA                 17
J. Andujar, SL                    6
F. Valenzuela, LA                 4
T. Browning, CIN                  3
J. Reardon, MON                   1

1985 AMERICAN
B. Saberhagen, KC               127
R. Guidry, NY                    88
B. Blyleven, MIN                  9
D. Quisenberry, KC                9
C. Leibrandt, KC                  7
D. Alexander, TOR                 5
B. Burns, CHI                     2
D. Moore, CAL                     2
D. Stieb, TOR                     2
M. Moore, SEA                     1

1986 NATIONAL
M. Scott, HOU                    98
F. Valenzuela, LA                88
M. Krukow, SF                    15
B. Ojeda, NY                      9
R. Darling, NY                    2
R. Rhoden, PIT                    2
D. Gooden, NY                     1
S. Fernandez, NY                  1

1986 AMERICAN
R. Clemens, BOS                 140
T. Higuera, MIL                  42
M. Witt, CAL                     35
D. Righetti, NY                  20
J. Morris, DET                   13
M. Eichhorn, TOR                  2

1987 NATIONAL
S. Bedrosian, PHI                57
R. Sutcliffe, CHI                55
R. Reuschel, SF                  54
O. Hershiser, LA                 14
D. Gooden, NY                    12
N. Ryan, HOU                     12
M. Scott, HOU                     9
B. Welch, LA                      3

1987 AMERICAN
R. Clemens, BOS                 124
J. Key, TOR                      64
D. Stewart, OAK                  32
D. Alexander, DET                 8
M. Langston, SEA                  7
T. Higuera, MIL                   5
F. Viola, MIN                     5
J. Reardon, MIN                   4
J. Morris, DET                    3

1988 NATIONAL
O. Hershisher, LA               120
D. Jackson, CIN                  54
D. Cone, NY                      42

1988 AMERICAN
F. Viola, MIN                   138
D. Eckersley, OAK                52
M. Gubicza, KC                   26
D. Stewart, OAK                  16
B. Hurst, BOS                    12
R. Clemens, BOS                   8

1989 NATIONAL
M. Davis, SD                    107
M. Scott, HOU                    65
G. Maddux, CHI                   17
O. Hershiser, LA                  7
J. Magrane, SL                    7
T. Belcher, LA                    4
S. Garrelts, SF                   4
R. Reuschel, SF                   3
M. Bielecki, CHI                  1
M. Williams, CHI                  1

1989 AMERICAN
B. Saberhagen, KC               138
D. Stewart, OAK                  80
M. Moore, OAK                    10
B. Blyleven, CAL                  9
N. Ryan, TEX                      5
J. Ballard, BAL                   3
D. Eckersley, OAK                 3
G. Olson, BAL                     3
J. Russell, TEX                   1

1990 NATIONAL
D. Drabek, PIT                  118
R. Marinez, LA                   70
F. Viola, NY                     19
D. Gooden, NY                     8
R. Myers, CIN                     1

1990 AMERICAN
B. Welch, OAK                   107
R. Clemens, BOS                  77
D. Stewart, OAK                  43
B. Thigpen, CHI                  20
D. Eckersley, OAK                 2
D. Stieb, TOR                     2
C. Finley, CAL                    1

1991 NATIONAL
T. Glavine, ATL                 110
L. Smith, SL                     60
J. Smiley, PIT                   26
J. Rijo, CIN                     13
Dennis Martinez, MON              4
S. Avery, ATL                     1
A. Benes, SD                      1
M. Williams, PHI                  1

1991 AMERICAN
R. Clemens, BOS                 119
S. Erickson, MIN                 56
J. Abbott, CAL                   26
J. Morris, MIN                   17
B. Harvey, CAL                   10
M. Langston, CAL                  7
K. Tapani, MIN                    6
B. Gullickson, DET                5
J. McDowell, CHI                  3
D. Ward, TOR                      3

1992 NATIONAL
G. Maddux, CHI                  112
T. Glavine, ATL                  78
B. Tewksbury, SL                 22
L. Smith, SL                      3
D. Drabek, PIT                    1

1992 AMERICAN
D. Eckersley, OAK               107
J. McDowell, CHI                 51
R. Clemens, BOS                  48
M. Mussina, BAL                  26
J. Morris, TOR                   10
K. Brown, TEX                     9
C. Nagy, CLE                      1

1993 NATIONAL
G. Maddux, ATL                  119
B. Swift, SF                     61
T. Glavine, ATL                  49
J. Burkett, SF                    9
J. Rijo, CIN                      8
T. Greene, PHI                    2
M. Portugal, HOU                  2
B. Harvey, FLA                    1
R. Myers, CHI                     1

1993 AMERICAN
J. McDowell, CHI                124
R. Johnson SEA                   75
K. Appier, KC                    30
J. Key, NY                       14
D. Ward, TOR                      5
P. Hentgen, TOR                   3
J. Guzman, TOR                    1


Hypothetical Awards

As the "expert" in baseball award-voting, I have been asked to make a set of
hypothetical award selections for the years no official honors were given;
i.e., pre-1956 Cy Young, pre-1947 Rookie of the Year, and pre-1911 MVP Awards,
along with awards for any other "missing" years.
     While this assignment gave me unusual freedom, I felt a certain
responsibility to make my selections consistent with the perceptions and
voting trends of a particular era. For example, although there were better NL
players than Cincinnati's Edd Roush in 1919, he did two things which,
combined, would have virtually guaranteed him the MVP Award: he won the
batting crown, which was the individual title in the dead-ball era; and he
played on a pennant-winner, which has always been a key factor in MVP voting.
Thus, I felt obliged to make Roush my hypothetical selection.
     Besides my own opinions and intuitions, several sources were
instrumental in my selection process, including:

     1. SABR retroactive award surveys, which have been done for pre-1949
Rookie of the Year and pre-1967 Cy Young Awards. SABR (the Society for
American Baseball Research) is comprised of more than six thousand hard-core
fans, hundreds of whom chose to participate in these surveys. The ballots
were tremendously helpful in screening candidates and the voting results were
carefully compared to my own choices.

     2. Linear Weights, an overall player rating system devised by Pete
Palmer, first used in The Hidden Game of Baseball (Doubleday, 1984, 1985), and
continued in Total Baseball.

     3. MVP voting results, for comparing Cy Young and Rookie candidates.
If rookie "A" receives 75 points in the MVP election, while comparable rookie
"B" receives just 10, I am forced to conclude that the on-the-spot observers
discerned some important difference that we can't see in the statistics and
that "A" is probably the better choice. (Incidentally, the criteria used to
determine rookies was a maximum of 90 at-bats or 45 innings pitched in any
previous seasons.)

     4. Unofficial awards, including 1940-46 Rookie and 1929-30 MVP
selections.

     5. Cy Young (1956-66) and Rookie of the Year (1947-48) balloting, for
years in which one league had no official winner.

     The resulting selections are not necessarily ones the average reader
will agree with, nor even that the writer agrees with; rather, they are the
ones which can be best justified with the available evidence. I am prepared
to defend any of my choices.
     In comparison with the Palmer system, my selections concurred 54
percent with top player selections and 59 percent with top pitcher
nominations. In comparison with the SABR surveys, my selections agreed 84
percent in the Rookie of the Year Award and 79 percent in the Cy Young
Award.
     The big winner in the hypothetical awards is Christy Mathewson, who
picks up a Rookie of the Year, two MVPs, and eight Cy Young Awards. Other
pitchers capturing at least three Cy Youngs are Walter Johnson (7); Lefty
Grove (6, consecutively); Warren Spahn (4, to add to the one he actually did
win); Grover Alexander (4); Burleigh Grimes, Carl Hubbell, Bob Feller, Bucky
Walters, Bob Lemon, and appropriately, Cy Young himself (3 each).
     Notable Rookies of the Year include Grover Alexander, Babe Ruth,
Rogers Hornsby, Dizzy Dean, Joe DiMaggio, and Ted Williams.
     Honus Wagner cops six MVP Awards, including four in succession.
Three-time MVPs are Nap Lajoie, Alexander, Ruth, and Hornsby. Ruth (once) and
Hornsby (twice) also won official MVP Awards.
     The following pages contain my hypothetical Cy Young (124), Rookie of
the Year (97), and MVP (42) selections for this century.

Hypothetical Cy Young Award

American League                          National League
Pitcher/Club                   Year      Pitcher/Club                   Year

C. Young, BOS                  1901      J. McGinnity, BKN              1900
C. Young, BOS                  1902      N. Hahn, CIN                   1901
C. Young, BOS                  1903      J. Taylor, CHI                 1902
J. Chesbro, NY                 1904      C. Mathewson, NY               1903
R. Waddell, PHI                1905      J. McGinnity, NY               1904
A. Orth, NY                    1906      C. Mathewson, NY               1905
E. Walsh, CHI                  1907      M. Brown, CHI                  1906
E. Walsh, CHI                  1908      C. Mathewson, NY               1907
F. Smith, CHI                  1909      C. Mathewson, NY               1908
J. Coombs, PHI                 1910      C. Mathewson, NY               1909
W. Johnson, WAS                1911      C. Mathewson, NY               1910
J. Wood, BOS                   1912      C. Mathewson, NY               1911
W. Johnson, WAS                1913      R. Marquard, NY                1912
W. Johnson, WAS                1914      C. Mathewson, NY               1913
W. Johnson, WAS                1915      B. James, BOS                  1914
B. Ruth, BOS                   1916      G. Alexander, PHI              1915
E. Cicotte, CHI                1917      G. Alexander, PHI              1916
W. Johnson, WAS                1918      G. Alexander, PHI              1917
W. Johnson, WAS                1919      J. Vaughn, CHI                 1918
J. Bagby, CLE                  1920      J. Vaughn, CHI                 1919
R. Faber, CHI                  1921      G. Alexander, CHI              1920
E. Rommel, PHI                 1922      B. Grimes, BKN                 1921
G. Uhle, CLE                   1923      W. Cooper, PIT                 1922
W. Johnson, WAS                1924      D. Luque, CIN                  1923
S. Coveleski, WAS              1925      D. Vance, BKN                  1924
G. Uhle, CLE                   1926      D. Vance, BKN                  1925
W. Moore, NY                   1927      R. Kremer, PIT                 1926
L. Grove, PHI                  1928      C. Root, CHI                   1927
L. Grove, PHI                  1929      B. Grimes, PIT                 1928
L. Grove, PHI                  1930      B. Grimes, PIT                 1929
L. Grove, PHI                  1931      P. Malone, CHI                 1930
L. Grove, PHI                  1932      E. Brandt, BOS                 1931
L. Grove, PHI                  1933      L. Warneke, CHI                1932
L. Gomez, NY                   1934      C. Hubbell, NY                 1933
W. Ferrell, BOS                1935      D. Dean, SL                    1934
T. Bridges, DET                1936      D. Dean, SL                    1935
L. Gomez, NY                   1937      C. Hubbell, NY                 1936
R. Ruffing, NY                 1938      C. Hubbell, NY                 1937
B. Feller, CLE                 1939      B. Lee, CHI                    1938
B. Feller, CLE                 1940      B. Walters, CIN                1939
B. Feller, CLE                 1941      B. Walters, CIN                1940
T. Hughson, BOS                1942      W. Wyatt, BKN                  1941
S. Chandler, NY                1943      M. Cooper, SL                  1942
D. Trout, DET                  1944      M. Cooper, SL                  1943
H. Newhouser, DET              1945      B. Walters, CIN                1944
H. Newhouser, DET              1946      C. Barrett, BOS-SL             1945
J. Page, NY                    1947      H. Pollet, SL                  1946
B. Lemon, CLE                  1948      E. Blackwell, CIN              1947
M. Parnell, BOS                1949      J. Sain, BOS                   1948
B. Lemon, CLE                  1950      W. Spahn, BOS                  1949
N. Garver, SL                  1951      J. Konstanty, PHI              1950
B. Shantz, PHI                 1952      S. Maglie, NY                  1951
B. Pierce, CHI                 1953      R. Roberts, PHI                1952
B. Lemon, CLE                  1954      W. Spahn, MIL                  1953
R. Narleski, CLE               1955      J. Antonelli, NY               1954
B. Pierce, CHI                 1956      R. Roberts, PHI                1955
J. Bunning, DET                1957      W. Spahn, MIL                  1958
C. Estrada, BAL                1960      S. Jones, SF                   1959
D. Donovan, CLE                1962      W. Spahn, MIL                  1961
W. Ford, NY                    1963      L. Jackson, CHI                1964
E. Fisher, CHI                 1965
J. Kaat, MIN                   1966


Hypothetical Federal League Awards

                               1914                     1915

Most Valuable Player       B. Kauff, IND          D. Zwilling, CHI
Cy Young                   C. Hendrix, CHI        G. McConnell, CHI
Rookie of the Year         B. Kauff, IND          E. Johnson, SL


Hypothetical Rookie of the Year Award

American League                          National League
Player/Club                    Year      Player/Club                    Year

S. Seybold, PHI                1901      E. Scott, CIN                  1900
A. Joss, CLE                   1902      C. Mathewson, NY               1901
C. Bender, PHI                 1903      H. Smoot, SL                   1902
F. Glade, SL                   1904      J. Weimer, CHI                 1903
G. Stone, SL                   1905      H. Lumley, BKN                 1904
C. Rossman, CLE                1906      E. Reulbach, CHI               1905
S. Nicholls, PHI               1907      J. Pfiester, CHI               1906
E. Summers, DET                1908      N. Rucker, BKN                 1907
F. Baker, PHI                  1909      G. McQuillan, PHI              1908
R. Ford, NY                    1910      D. Miller, PIT                 1909
V. Gregg, CLE                  1911      K. Cole, CHI                   1910
D. Pratt, SL                   1912      G. Alexander, PHI              1911
R. Russell, CHI                1913      L. Cheney, CHI                 1912
R. Bressler, PHI               1914      J. Viox, PIT                   1913
B. Ruth, BOS                   1915      J. Pfeffer, BKN                1914
J. Bagby, CLE                  1916      T. Long, SL                    1915
A. Sothoron, SL                1917      R. Hornsby, SL                 1916
S. Perry, PHI                  1918      L. Cadore, BKN                 1917
D. Kerr, CHI                   1919      C. Hollocher, CHI              1918
B. Meusel, NY                  1920      O. Tuero, SL                   1919
J. Sewell, CLE                 1921      J. Haines, SL                  1920
H. Pillette, DET               1922      R. Grimes, CHI                 1921
H. Summa, CLE                  1923      H. Miller, CHI                 1922
A. Simmons, PHI                1924      G. Grantham, CHI               1923
E. Combs, NY                   1925      K. Cuyler, PIT                 1924
T. Lazzeri, NY                 1926      J. Welsh, BOS                  1925
W. Moore, NY                   1927      P. Waner, PIT                  1926
E. Morris, BOS                 1928      L. Waner, PIT                  1927
D. Alexander, DET              1929      D. Bissonette, BKN             1928
S. Jolley, CHI                 1930      J. Frederick, BKN              1929
J. Vosmik, CLE                 1931      W. Berger, BOS                 1930
J. Allen, NY                   1932      P. Derringer, SL               1931
B. Johnson, PHI                1933      D. Dean, SL                    1932
H. Trosky, CLE                 1934      F. Demaree, CHI                1933
J. Powell, WAS                 1935      C. Davis, PHI                  1934
J. DiMaggio, NY                1936      C. Blanton, PIT                1935
R. York, DET                   1937      J. Mize, SL                    1936
K. Keltner, DET                1938      J. Turner, BOS                 1937
T. Williams, BOS               1939      J. Rizzo, PIT                  1938
W. Judnich, SL                 1940      H. Casey, BKN                  1939
P. Rizzuto, NY                 1941      B. Young, NY                   1940
J. Pesky, BOS                  1942      E. Riddle, CIN                 1941
B. Johnson, NY                 1943      J. Beazley, SL                 1942
J. Berry, PHI                  1944      L. Klein, SL                   1943
B. Ferriss, BOS                1945      B. Voiselle, NY                1944
B. Lemon, CLE                  1946      K. Burkhart, SL                1945
F. Shea, NY                    1947      D. Ennis, PHI                  1946
G. Bearden, CLE                1948


Hypothetical Most Valuable Player Award

American League                         National League
Player/Club                    Year     Player/Club                    Year

N. Lajoie, PHI                 1901     H. Wagner, PIT                 1900
C. Young, BOS                  1902     H. Wagner, PIT                 1901
N. Lajoie, CLE                 1903     H. Wagner, PIT                 1902
J. Chesbro, NY                 1904     H. Wagner, PIT                 1903
R. Waddell, PHI                1905     J. McGinnity, NY               1904
N. Lajoie, CLE                 1906     C. Mathewson, NY               1905
T. Cobb, DET                   1907     H. Steinfeldt, CHI             1906
E. Walsh, CHI                  1908     H. Wagner, PIT                 1907
T. Cobb, DET                   1909     C. Mathewson, NY               1908
J. Coombs, PHI                 1910     H. Wagner, PIT                 1909
E. Collins, CHI                1915     S. Magee, PHI                  1910
T. Speaker, CLE                1916     G. Alexander, PHI              1915
E. Cicotte, CHI                1917     G. Alexander, PHI              1916
B. Ruth, BOS                   1918     G. Alexander, PHI              1917
J. Jackson, CHI                1919     J. Vaughn, CHI                 1918
B. Ruth, NY                    1920     E. Roush, CIN                  1919
B. Ruth, NY                    1921     R. Hornsby, SL                 1920
L. Fonseca, CLE                1929     R. Hornsby, SL                 1921
J. Cronin, WAS                 1930     R. Hornsby, SL                 1922
                                        D. Luque, CIN                  1923
                                        H. Wilson, CHI                 1930


Gold Glove Award:  History

In a 1956 spring training survey, Elmer A. Blasco--employed by Rawlings
Sporting Goods as advertising, public relations and sales manager--found that
83 percent of the active regular major league players wore Rawlings gloves or
mitts. Noting that Hillerich & Bradsby (the major leagues' leading baseball
bat supplier) awarded Silver Bats to the leagues' top hitters, Blasco reasoned
that Rawlings ought to sponsor some sort of fielding award. After his idea
was accepted by Rawlings' management, Blasco contacted the Brown Shoe Company
of St. Louis and obtained from them a hide of gold lame-tanned leather used to
make ladies' formal slippers. A glove was crafted from this hide, laced and
stamped as a regular fielders glove, and attached to a metal fixture on a
walnut base with an appropriate engraved plate.
     Thus was born the Gold Glove Award.
     The October 2, 1957, edition of The Sporting News featured a
full-page advertisement/announcement: "Recognizing the importance of superior
individual fielding performance to the advancement of baseball as America's
national game, Rawlings (Sporting Goods Company) has established Annual Gold
Glove Awards beginning with the 1957 season.
     "Each of the nine Major League players chosen for The Sporting News
All-Star Fielding Team will be honored with a Rawlings Gold Glove Award.
Selections will be made by a Committee named by The Sporting News.
     "Awards will be Rawlings custom-built gloves or mitts hand-crafted of
special metallic gold-finished leather, each mounted on a suitable hardwood
stand bearing an engraved plate."
     TSN publisher J.G. Taylor Spink appointed nineteen noted
sportswriters for the selection task. They included Shirley Povich, Edgar
Munzel, Hy Hurwitz, Earl Lawson, Bob Broeg, Allen Lewis, and Hal Lebowitz. A
contest to predict the winners, open to baseball-playing boys, was sponsored
by Rawlings.
     The first Gold Glove winners were announced with great pomp and
circumstance in the December 18, 1957, issue of TSN. "Too long neglected, the
magicians of the defense have had no real recognition," the article explained,
adding that the selections were made "solely on the basis of their defensive
ability."
     Rawlings and TSN also joined forces that year in the establishment of
the Silver Glove Award, given to the top minor league fielder at each
position--based entirely on fielding averages.
     In 1958 the Gold Glove selection privilege was turned over to the
major league players and an All-Star Fielding Team was selected for each
league (as it still is).
     In 1961 the method for selecting outfielders was changed. Rather than
choosing a left-, center-, and right fielder for each league, each voter was
instructed to name three outfielders regardless of position (still the
practice today).
     In 1965 the managers and coaches of each team took over the voting
responsibility, which they have retained ever since. Voters are not permitted
to select players on their own teams. In 1987, 139 different managers and
coaches took part in the balloting.
     Perhaps because of its originality, the Gold Glove is the one
Sporting News award that has gained universal acceptance and prestige in the
baseball world. However, as with any award, the selections often draw
criticism.
     One complaint is that too much importance is given to fielding
average. Most of us realize that FA is not always a reliable indicator of
defensive ability, but how much does it influence the Gold Glove voters?
     Of the 366 FA leaders at the various positions between 1957-87
(discounting pitchers and counting only one outfielder per league each year),
118 (32 percent) also won their respective Gold Glove Awards (see Table 1).
We can say, then, that if a player leads his league in FA, he has about a
one-in-three chance of winning the Gold Glove--not an overwhelming
correlation, but about four times better than random chance.
     This raises some interesting questions. Since official fielding
statistics are not published until months after Gold Gloves are voted on, any
voter relying on fielding stats would probably have to consult (or remember)
the previous year's data. Therefore, if FA itself really does impress voters,
we should expect to see many players winning a Gold Glove the year after they
lead in FA. Do they? Well, no (see Table 2). The percentage here is 25
percent or one-in-four--again, considerably better than chance, but less of a
factor than leading in FA in the current year.
     And what about the influence of Gold Gloves on fielding averages? Is
an official scorer less likely to charge an error against a player simply
because he won a Gold Glove the previous year? Apparently not (see Table 3).
The percentage of Gold Glove recipients leading in FA the following year is 23
percent.
     "It is my belief that a lot more is considered than fielding percentage,"
says TSN editor Tom Barnidge, citing "range, throwing arm, the headiness of
the ballplayer." Cincinnati's Pete Rose, a two-time Gold Glove winner
concurred: "There are a lot of intangibles involved in voting for the Gold
Glove. Take an outfielder. The coaches and managers watch these guys all the
time. How they play the hitters, how strong their arms are, how often they
hit the cutoff man, and all that is taken into consideration--things that do
not show up in the statistics."
     Another criticism of the Gold Glove is that batting performance plays
a role in the selections, contrary to the award's philosophy. As USA Today
baseball editor Hal Bodley puts it, "A player who is outstanding on defense
and respectable on offense has a much better chance of getting a Gold Glove
than a counterpart whose forte is fielding alone."
     Other factors can be distractions to the voters: flashiness,
reputations, and the selection process itself. For insight on some of these
and their effects, I consulted an expert on the Gold Glove: Wes Parker, a
six-time winner of the award at first base.
     Parker, it should be noted, would seem to have no reason to gripe
about the award. He grasped the honor from a seven-time winner; he won it
even when he batted as low as .239; and he became one of only two nonpitchers
(Roberto Clemente is the other) to win the award in his final major league
season.
     "I would say many, if not most, coaches and managers fail to take
their voting responsibility seriously," says Parker. "They don't treat it as
a vital act. They are usually much more concerned with their team and the
pennant race and, as a result, tend to zip through the ballots (distributed in
September). So they wind up voting for the most recognizable names."
     Parker brings out another rarely discussed procedural problem: "Since
players [when they were voting] and coaches are forbidden to vote for anyone
on their own team, they often won't vote for the guy who is contending with
their team's leading candidate for the same award. That increases their
teammate's chances."
     On the subject of reputation, Parker asserts that it "has a lot to do
with it, absolutely. In 1966, Bill White won the award (for the seventh
consecutive time), although even White admitted that I probably deserved it.
It takes a couple of years for your reputation to catch up with you, but that
can work to your advantage at the end of your career.
     "Flashiness is a factor too," continues Parker. "It puts the player's
name in the forefront of the voter's minds." Wes also concurs with the theory
that a player's bat can be the difference in winning this "fielding' award.
     "[Four-time Gold Glove winner Steve] Garvey is a good example of someone
who won it with his bat and notoriety, a perfect example, in fact," opines
Parker. "Garvey was vastly overrated defensively . . . he had no range, no
arm, and no aggressiveness. He would hold the ball and allow opposing runners
to take extra bases to avoid throwing errors. That's how he compiled his high
[fielding] averages at first base. Remember, he was a terrible third baseman,
worst I ever saw." (In 1972, Garvey's last season as a third-sacker, he led
the NL with 28 errors in just 85 games, posting a woeful .902 percentage.)
     "Amazingly, despite these prejudices," Parker concludes, "I think the
Gold Glove choices have been excellent. At first base I think they have been
perfect, with the exception of Garvey."
     While the Gold Glove Award has adequately filled the need for a
subjective fielding award, there is still something to be said about fielding
statistics. It is fashionable to say that fielding stats are meaningless,
but, as analyst Bill James says, "If a baseball statistic is meaningless to
you, that is simply because you don't know what it means."
     With the understanding of which fielding statistics are meaningful
for each position, it is possible to make a pretty reliable judgment of a
player's defensive skills based on stats alone. In recent years, several
analysts have attempted to measure individual fielding performance on the
basis of numbers.
     One newer method is Linear Weights, Pete Palmer's translation of
individual batting, pitching, and fielding statistics into runs gained and
thus games won. The fielding portion of the system, Fielding or Defensive
Wins, incorporates data (variously weighted according to position) on putouts,
assists, errors, and double plays, comparing a player's totals against the
league averages.
     The formula first determines how many runs a player saves (or costs)
his team as compared to an "average" player at the same position. Runs are
then translated into wins, based on the league average of runs per win. For
example, second baseman Glenn Hubbard was computed to have won about three and
a half games for the Braves with his glove in 1986, the top Defensive Wins
total in the majors.
     Of the sixty players identified by the Palmer system as the best
fielders in their leagues between 1957-86, twenty-eight also won their
respective Gold Glove Awards.
     Palmer has drawn criticism for comparing players with average, rather
than replacement-level, players; for overemphasizing the double play; and for
the use of arbitrary weighting schemes. It is particularly--and
admittedly--inadequate in evaluating catchers.
     Bill James has also presented a fielding measurement system,
Defensive Won/Lost Percentage (DW/L%), although he hasn't used it since 1984.
The formula varies from position to position, using four arbitrarily weighted
components at each. These components range from readily available statistics
(fielding average, assists per game, and so on) to abstruse estimations and
calculations, using some data unavailable to the average researcher. The
formula is not designed for cross-era comparisons.
     The results of these calculations produce the DW/L%, which in turn is
translated into defensive wins and losses, based on still more arbitrary
assignments of defensive games at each position (ranging from 3 at first base
to 11 at shortstop).
     Of the thirty-two players identified by DW/L% as the best at their
positions and leagues for the 1983-84 seasons, twelve (38 percent) also won
their respective Gold Gloves.
     The use of a series of arbitrary values is the glaring flaw of DW/L%.
Criticism is also due for the complexity and lack of adaptability of the
system(s).
     The Elias Sports Bureau has demonstrated a simple and generally
effective system for evaluating fielders: comparing the number of runs scored
per nine innings while a player is on the field to the number scored when he
isn't. For example, Elias calculated that the 1982-86 Cardinals averaged
allowing 3.85 runs per nine innings with Ozzie Smith at shortstop, as compared
to 4.04 per game with other shortstops.
     There is nothing new or brilliant about this concept; the difference
is that Elias has the data available to make this type of measurement, right
down to thirds of an inning, at least for the last dozen years. Since they
generally choose not to share this data with the public, however, it is of no
value at present.
     So, when all is said and done about modern statistical fielding
measurements, a subjective measurement--the Gold Glove--is probably still the
best tool we have available to rate fielders.
     The following pages list the winners of the Gold Glove at each
position since 1957. Complete balloting for Gold Glove elections is,
unfortunately, neither available nor researchable.

TABLE 1.  Fielding Average Leaders Winning Gold Glove, 1957-87
(Maximum 61 Each Position).
--------------------------------------
POS.        NL     AL    TOT.   PCT.
--------------------------------------
C            7      7     14     23
1B          13     13     26     43
2B          14      5     19     31
3B           4     15     19     31
SS          14     12     26     43
OF           6      8     14     23
TOT.        58     60    118     32
-----------------------------------

TABLE 2.  Fielding Average Leaders Winning Gold Glove in Following Season,
1956-86 (Maximum 61 Each Position).
--------------------------------------
POS.        NL     AL    TOT.   PCT.
--------------------------------------
C            7      7     14     23
1B           8     11     19     31
2B           9      6     15     25
3B           3     13     16     26
SS          11      9     20     33
OF           2      5      7     11
TOT.        40     51     91     25
--------------------------------------

TABLE 3.  Fielding Average Leaders Who Won Gold Glove in Previous Season,
1958-87 (Maximum 59 Each Position).
--------------------------------------
POS.        NL     AL    TOT.   PCT.
--------------------------------------
C            3      7     10     17
1B          11      8     19     32
2B           8      2     10     17
3B           2     12     14     24
SS          10      9     19     32
OF           6      5     11     19
TOT.        40     43     83     23
--------------------------------------


Gold Glove Award

Pitchers

Year      National League     American League

1957      (No selection)      B. Shantz, NY
1958      H. Haddix, CIN      B. Shantz, NY
1959      H. Haddix, PIT      B. Shantz, NY
1960      H. Haddix, PIT      B. Shantz, NY
1961      B. Shantz, PIT      F. Lary, DET
1962      B. Shantz, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1963      B. Shantz, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1964      B. Shantz, PHI      J. Kaat, MIN
1965      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1966      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1967      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1968      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1969      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1970      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1971      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1972      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1973      B. Gibson, SL       J. Kaat, MIN
1974      A. Messersmith, LA  J. Kaat, CHI
1975      A. Messersmith, LA  J. Kaat, CHI
1976      J. Kaat, PHI        J. Palmer, BAL
1977      J. Kaat, PHI        J. Palmer, BAL
1978      P. Niekro, ATL      J. Palmer, BAL
1979      P. Niekro, ATL      J. Palmer, BAL
1980      P. Niekro, ATL      M. Norris, OAK
1981      S. Carlton, PHI     M. Norris, OAK
1982      P. Niekro, ATL      R. Guidry, NY
1983      P. Niekro, ATL      R. Guidry, NY
1984      J. Andujar, SL      R. Guidry, NY
1985      R. Reuschel, PIT    R. Guidry, NY
1986      F. Valenzuela, LA   R. Guidry, NY
1987      R. Reuschel, SF     M. Langston, SEA
1988      O. Hershiser, LA    M. Langston, SEA
1989      R. Darling, NY      B. Saberhagen, KC
1990      G. Maddux, CHI      M. Boddicker, BOS
1991      G. Maddux, CHI      M. Langston, CAL
1992      G. Maddux, CHI      M. Langston, CAL
1993      G. Maddux, CHI      M. Langston, CAL

Catchers

Year      National League     American League

1957      (No selection)      S. Lollar, CHI
1958      D. Crandall, MIL    S. Lollar, CHI
1959      D. Crandall, MIL    S. Lollar, CHI
1960      D. Crandall, MIL    E. Battey, WAS
1961      J. Roseboro, LA     E. Battey, MIN
1962      D. Crandall, MIL    E. Battey, MIN
1963      J. Edwards, CIN     E. Howard, NY
1964      J. Edwards, CIN     E. Howard, NY
1965      J. Torre, MIL       B. Freehan, DET
1966      J. Roseboro, LA     B. Freehan, DET
1967      R. Hundley, CHI     B. Freehan, DET
1968      J. Bench, CIN       B. Freehan, DET
1969      J. Bench, CIN       B. Freehan, DET
1970      J. Bench, CIN       R. Fosse, CLE
1971      J. Bench, CIN       R. Fosse, CLE
1972      J. Bench, CIN       C. Fisk, BOS
1973      J. Bench, CIN       T. Munson, NY
1974      J. Bench, CIN       T. Munson, NY
1975      J. Bench, CIN       T. Munson, NY
1976      J. Bench, CIN       J. Sundberg, TEX
1977      J. Bench, CIN       J. Sundberg, TEX
1978      B. Boone, PHI       J. Sundberg, TEX
1979      B. Boone, PHI       J. Sundberg, TEX
1980      G. Carter, MON      J. Sundberg, TEX
1981      G. Carter, MON      J. Sundberg, TEX
1982      G. Carter, MON      B. Boone, CAL
1983      T. Pena, PIT        Lc. Parrish, DET
1984      T. Pena, PIT        Lc. Parrish, DET
1985      T. Pena, PIT        Lc. Parrish, DET
1986      J. Davis, CHI       B. Boone, CAL
1987      M. LaValliere, PIT  B. Boone, CAL
1988      B. Santiago, SD     B. Boone, CAL
1989      B. Santiago, SD     B. Boone, CAL
1990      B. Santiago, SD     S. Alomar, CLE
1991      T. Pagnozzi, SL     T. Pena, BOS
1992      T. Pagnozzi, SL     I. Rodriguez, TEX
1993      K. Manwaring, SF    I. Rodriguez, TEX

First Baseman

Year      National League     American League

1957      G. Hodges, BKN      (No selection)
1958      G. Hodges, LA       V. Power, CLE
1959      G. Hodges, LA       V. Power, CLE
1960      B. White, SL        V. Power, CLE
1961      B. White, SL        V. Power, CLE
1962      B. White, SL        V. Power, MIN
1963      B. White, SL        V. Power, MIN
1964      B. White, SL        V. Power, LA
1965      B. White, SL        J. Pepitone, NY
1966      B. White, PHI       J. Pepitone, NY
1967      W. Parker, LA       G. Scott, BOS
1968      W. Parker, LA       G. Scott, BOS
1969      W. Parker, LA       J. Pepitone, NY
1970      W. Parker, LA       J. Spencer, CAL
1971      W. Parker, LA       G. Scott, BOS
1972      W. Parker, LA       G. Scott, MIL
1973      M. Jorgenson, MON   G. Scott, MIL
1974      S. Garvey, LA       G. Scott, MIL
1975      S. Garvey, LA       G. Scott, MIL
1976      S. Garvey, LA       G. Scott, MIL
1977      S. Garvey, LA       J. Spencer, CHI
1978      K. Hernandez, SL    C. Chambliss, NY
1979      K. Hernandez, SL    C. Cooper, MIL
1980      K. Hernandez, SL    C. Cooper, MIL
1981      K. Hernandez, SL    M. Squires, CHI
1982      K. Hernandez, SL    E. Murray, BAL
1983      K. Hernandez, SL-NY E. Murray, BAL
1984      K. Hernandez, NY    E. Murray, BAL
1985      K. Hernandez, NY    D. Mattingly, NY
1986      K. Hernandez, NY    D. Mattingly, NY
1987      K. Hernandez, NY    D. Mattingly, NY
1988      K. Hernandez, NY    D. Mattingly, NY
1989      A. Galarraga, MON   D. Mattingly, NY
1990      A. Galarraga, MON   M. McGwire, OAK
1991      W. Clark, SF        D. Mattingly, NY
1992      M. Grace, CHI       D. Mattingly, NY
1993      M. Grace, CHI       D. Mattingly, NY


Second Basemen

Year      National League     American League

1957      (No selection)      N. Fox, CHI
1958      B. Mazeroski, PIT   F. Bolling, DET
1959      C. Neal, LA         N. Fox, CHI
1960      B. Mazeroski, PIT   N. Fox, CHI
1961      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Richardson, NY
1962      K. Hubbs, CHI       B. Richardson, NY
1963      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Richardson, NY
1964      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Richardson, NY
1965      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Richardson, NY
1966      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Knoop, CAL
1967      B. Mazeroski, PIT   B. Knoop, CAL
1968      G. Beckert, CHI     B. Knoop, CAL
1969      F. Millan, ATL      D. Johnson, BAL
1970      T. Helms, CIN       D. Johnson, BAL
1971      T. Helms, CIN       D. Johnson, BAL
1972      F. Millan, ATL      D. Griffin, BOS
1973      J. Morgan, CIN      B. Grich, BAL
1974      J. Morgan, CIN      B. Grich, BAL
1975      J. Morgan, CIN      B. Grich, BAL
1976      J. Morgan, CIN      B. Grich, BAL
1977      J. Morgan, CIN      F. White, KC
1978      D. Lopes, LA        F. White, KC
1979      M. Trillo, PHI      F. White, KC
1980      D. Flynn, NY        F. White, KC
1981      M. Trillo, PHI      F. White, KC
1982      M. Trillo, PHI      F. White, KC
1983      R. Sandberg, CHI    L. Whitaker, DET
1984      R. Sandberg, CHI    L. Whitaker, DET
1985      R. Sandberg, CHI    L. Whitaker, DET
1986      R. Sandberg, CHI    F. White, KC
1987      R. Sandberg, CHI    F. White, KC
1988      R. Sandberg, CHI    H. Reynolds, SEA
1989      R. Sandberg, CHI    H. Reynolds, SEA
1990      R. Sandberg, CHI    H. Reynolds, SEA
1991      R. Sandberg, CHI    R. Alomar, TOR
1992      J. Lind, PIT        R. Alomar, TOR
1993      R. Thompson, SF     R. Alomar, TOR

Third Basemen

Year      National League     American League

1957      (No selection)      F. Malzone, BOS
1958      K. Boyer, SL        F. Malzone, BOS
1959      K. Boyer, SL        F. Malzone, BOS
1960      K. Boyer, SL        B. Robinson, BAL
1961      K. Boyer, SL        B. Robinson, BAL
1962      J. Davenport, SF    B. Robinson, BAL
1963      K. Boyer, SL        B. Robinson, BAL
1964      R. Santo, CHI       B. Robinson, BAL
1965      R. Santo, CHI       B. Robinson, BAL
1966      R. Santo, CHI       B. Robinson, BAL
1967      R. Santo, CHI       B. Robinson, BAL
1968      R. Santo, CHI       B. Robinson, BAL
1969      C. Boyer, ATL       B. Robinson, BAL
1970      D. Rader, HOU       B. Robinson, BAL
1971      D. Rader, HOU       B. Robinson, BAL
1972      D. Rader, HOU       B. Robinson, BAL
1973      D. Rader, HOU       B. Robinson, BAL
1974      D. Rader, HOU       B. Robinson, BAL
1975      K. Reitz, SL        B. Robinson, BAL
1976      M. Schmidt, PHI     A. Rodriguez, DET
1977      M. Schmidt, PHI     G. Nettles, NY
1978      M. Schmidt, PHI     G. Nettles, NY
1979      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1980      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1981      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1982      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1983      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1984      M. Schmidt, PHI     B. Bell, TEX
1985      T. Wallach, MON     G. Brett, KC
1986      M. Schmidt, PHI     G. Gaetti, MIN
1987      T. Pendleton, SL    G. Gaetti, MIN
1988      T. Wallach, MON     G. Gaetti, MIN
1989      T. Pendleton, SL    G. Gaetti, MIN
1990      T. Wallach, MON     K. Gruber, TOR
1991      M. Williams, SF     R. Ventura, CHI
1992      T. Pendleton, ATL   R. Ventura, CHI
1993      M. Williams, SF     R. Ventura, CHI

Shortstops

Year      National League     American League

1957      R. McMillan, CIN    (No selection)
1958      R. McMillan, CIN    L. Aparicio, CHI
1959      R. McMillan, CIN    L. Aparicio, CHI
1960      E. Banks, CHI       L. Aparicio, CHI
1961      M. Wills, LA        L. Aparicio, CHI
1962      M. Wills, LA        L. Aparicio, CHI
1963      B. Wine, PHI        Z. Versalles, MIN
1964      R. Amaro, PHI       L. Aparicio, BAL
1965      L. Cardenas, CIN    Z. Versalles, MIN
1966      G. Alley, PIT       L. Aparicio, BAL
1967      G. Alley, PIT       J. Fregosi, CAL
1968      D. Maxvill, SL      L. Aparicio, CHI
1969      D. Kessinger, CHI   M. Belanger, BAL
1970      D. Kessinger, CHI   L. Aparicio, CHI
1971      B. Harrelson, NY    M. Belanger, BAL
1972      L. Bowa, PHI        E. Brinkman, DET
1973      R. Metzger, HOU     M. Belanger, BAL
1974      D. Concepcion, CIN  M. Belanger, BAL
1975      D. Concepcion, CIN  M. Belanger, BAL
1976      D. Concepcion, CIN  M. Belanger, BAL
1977      D. Concepcion, CIN  M. Belanger, BAL
1978      L. Bowa, PHI        M. Belanger, BAL
1979      D. Concepcion, CIN  R. Burleson, BOS
1980      O. Smith, SD        A. Trammell, DET
1981      O. Smith, SD        A. Trammell, DET
1982      O. Smith, SL        R. Yount, MIL
1983      O. Smith, SL        A. Trammell, DET
1984      O. Smith, SL        A. Trammell, DET
1985      O. Smith, SL        A. Griffin, OAK
1986      O. Smith, SL        T. Fernandez, TOR
1987      O. Smith, SL        T. Fernandez, TOR
1988      O. Smith, SL        T. Fernandez, TOR
1989      O. Smith, SL        T. Fernandez, TOR
1990      O. Smith, SL        O. Guillen, CHI
1991      O. Smith, SL        C. Ripken, BAL
1992      O. Smith, SL        C. Ripken, BAL
1993      J. Bell, PIT        O. Vizquel, SEA

National League Outfielders

YEAR                          PLAYERS

1957   W. Mays, NY (CF)    (No other selections)
1958   F. Robinson, CIN    W. Mays, SF (CF)    H. Aaron, MIL (RF)
       (LF)
1959   J. Brandt, SF (LF)  W. Mays, SF (CF)    H. Aaron, MIL (RF)
1960   W. Moon, LA (LF)    W. Mays, SF (CF)    H. Aaron, MIL (RF)
1961   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    V. Pinson, CIN
1962   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    B. Virdon, PIT
1963   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL
1964   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL
1965   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL
1966   W. Mays, SF         C. Flood, SL        R. Clemente, PIT
1967   R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL        W. Mays, SF
1968   W. Mays, SF         R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL
1969   R. Clemente, PIT    C. Flood, SL        P. Rose, CIN
1970   R. Clemente, PIT    T. Agee, NY         P. Rose, CIN
1971   R. Clemente, PIT    B. Bonds, SF        W. Davis, LA
1972   R. Clemente, PIT    C. Cedeno, HOU      W. Davis, LA
1973   B. Bonds, SF        C. Cedeno, HOU      W. Davis, LA
1974   C. Cedeno, HOU      C. Geronimo, CIN    B. Bonds, SF
1975   C. Cedeno, HOU      C. Geronimo, CIN    G. Maddox, PHI
1976   C. Cedeno, HOU      C. Geronimo, CIN    G. Maddox, PHI
1977   C. Geronimo, CIN    G. Maddox, PHI      D. Parker, PIT
1978   G. Maddox, PHI      D. Parker, PIT      E. Valentine, MON
1979   G. Maddox, PHI      D. Parker, PIT      D. Winfield, SD
1980   A. Dawson, MON      G. Maddox, PHI      D. Winfield, SD
1981   A. Dawson, MON      G. Maddox, PHI      D. Baker, LA
1982   A. Dawson, MON      D. Murphy, ATL      G. Maddox, PHI
1983   A. Dawson, MON      D. Murphy, ATL      W. McGee, SL
1984   D. Murphy, ATL      B. Dernier, CHI     A. Dawson, MON
1985   W. McGee, SL        D. Murphy, ATL      A. Dawson, MON
1986   T. Gwynn, SD        D. Murphy, ATL      W. McGee, SL
1987   E. Davis, CIN       T. Gwynn, SD        A. Dawson, CHI
1988   A. Van Slyke, PIT   E. Davis, CIN       A. Dawson, CHI
1989   A. Van Slyke, PIT   E. Davis, CIN       T. Gwynn, SD
1990   A. Van Slyke, PIT   T. Gwynn, SD        B. Bonds, PIT
1991   B. Bonds, PIT       T. Gwynn, SD        A. Van Slyke, PIT
1992   B. Bonds, PIT       L. Walker, MON      A. Van Slyke, PIT
1993   B. Bonds, PIT       L. Walker, MON      M. Grissom, MON

American League Outfielders

YEAR                            PLAYERS

1957   M. Minoso, CHI (LF)  A. Kaline, DET (RF)   (No other selection)
1958   N. Siebern, NY (LF)  J. Piersall, BOS (CF) A. Kaline, DET (RF)
1959   M. Minoso, CLE (LF)  A. Kaline, DET (CF)   J. Jensen, BOS (RF)
1960   M. Minoso, CHI (LF)  J. Landis, CHI (CF)   R. Maris, NY (RF)
1961   A. Kaline, DET       J. Piersall, CLE      J. Landis, CHI
1962   J. Landis, CHI       M. Mantle, NY         A. Kaline, DET
1963   A. Kaline, DET       C. Yastrzemski, BOS   J. Landis, CHI
1964   A. Kaline, DET       J. Landis, CHI        V. Davalillo, CLE
1965   A. Kaline, DET       T. Tresh, NY          C. Yastrzemski, BOS
1966   A. Kaline, DET       T. Agee, CHI          T. Oliva, MIN
1967   C. Yastrzemski, BOS  P. Blair, BAL         A. Kaline, DET
1968   M. Stanley, DET      C. Yastrzemski, BOS   R. Smith, BOS
1969   P. Blair, BAL        M. Stanley, DET       C. Yastrzemski, BOS
1970   M. Stanley, DET      P. Blair, BAL         K. Berry, CHI
1971   P. Blair, BAL        A. Otis, KC           C. Yastrzemski, BOS
1972   P. Blair, BAL        B. Murcer, NY         K. Berry, CAL
1973   P. Blair, BAL        A. Otis, KC           M. Stanley, DET
1974   P. Blair, BAL        A. Otis, KC           J. Rudi, OAK
1975   P. Blair, BAL        J. Rudi, OAK          F. Lynn, BOS
1976   J. Rudi, OAK         Dw. Evans, BOS        R. Manning, CLE
1977   J. Beniquez, TEX     C. Yastrzemski, BOS   A. Cowens, KC
1978   F. Lynn, BOS         Dw. Evans, BOS        R. Miller, CAL
1979   Dw. Evans, BOS       S. Lezcano, MIL       F. Lynn, BOS
1980   F. Lynn, BOS         D. Murphy, OAK        W. Wilson, KC
1981   D. Murphy, OAK       Dw. Evans, BOS        R. Henderson, OAK
1982   Dw. Evans, BOS       D. Winfield, NY       D. Murphy, OAK
1983   Dw. Evans, BOS       D. Winfield, NY       D. Murphy, OAK
1984   Dw. Evans, BOS       D. Winfield, NY       D. Murphy, OAK
1985   G. Pettis, CAL       D. Winfield, NY       Dw. Evans, BOS & D.
                                                  Murphy, OAK
1986   G. Pettis, CAL       J. Barfield, TOR      K. Puckett, MIN
1987   J. Barfield, TOR     K. Puckett, MIN       D. Winfield, NY
1988   K. Puckett, MIN      D. White, CAL         G. Pettis, DET
1989   D. White, CAL        G. Pettis, DET        K. Puckett, MIN
1990   G. Pettis, TEX       K. Griffey Jr., SEA   E. Burks, BOS
1991   K. Griffey Jr., SEA  D. White, TOR         K. Puckett, MIN
1992   K. Griffey Jr., SEA  D. White, TOR         K. Puckett, MIN
1993   K. Griffey Jr., SEA  D. White, TOR         K. Lofton, CLE