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- -----------------------------------------------------
- AAVIRUS documentation (version of March 10, 1992)
-
- by Maarten Meijer,
- Academic Computing Centre University of Utrecht (ACCU),
- the Netherlands.
- Email addres: mmeijer@cc.ruu.nl
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------
- Contents
-
-
- 1. Overview
- 2. Usage
- 3. Installation
- 4. Bootstrap integrity checking
- 5. Repair options
- 6. Some technical details
- 7. Concluding remarks
-
-
- -----------------------------------------------------
- 1. Overview
-
-
- The AAVIRUS ("ACCU Anti Virus") program checks the integrity of the DOS
- bootstrap system on a bootable disk against a checksum file created by the
- program at installation.
-
- This checksum file also holds a copy of the boot sector of the disk, and
- - if it is a hard disk - a copy of the master boot record, containing the
- partition table.
-
- AAVIRUS is able to restore these bootstrap records even if the file is lost
- (but not overwritten) or the hard disk has become unaccessible to DOS.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 2. Usage
-
-
- Just type "aavirus" to learn about the syntax and the options. The output
- looks like this:
-
- Usage: aavirus option [file] [drive]
-
- option -i installation: creates checksum [file] from [drive]
- -t test: compares checksum [file] to actual bootstrap on [drive]
- -q quick test: just compares (master) bootrecord and dir entries
- -r repair: restores boot record and/or master boot record from
- checksum [file] back to [drive]
- -e emergency repair: scans hard disk 0 for the most recent
- checksum file data. If file is lost or disk unaccessible.
-
- [file] filename (drive:\path\file) of checksum file. Default is
- "[drive]:\AAVIRUS.DAT".
-
- [drive] drive to protect. Default is current drive (DOS 3.x) or boot
- drive (DOS 4 or higher). If you want to checksum another boot disk
- than the current one, set COMSPEC variable to temporarily point to
- the COMMAND.COM involved.
-
- Author: Maarten Meijer, Academic Computing Centre University of Utrecht,
- the Netherlands. Email address: mmeijer@cc.ruu.nl
-
- Version: Mar 10, 1992.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 3. Installation
-
-
- Running AAVIRUS with option -i without any other arguments will create a
- checksum file \AAVIRUS.DAT on the default drive (if you use DOS 3.x) or on
- the drive you booted from (if you use DOS 4 or higher).
-
- You may specify another filename and/or another bootable drive. In the latter
- case, you probably have to change the environment variable COMSPEC for a
- while, to point to the COMMAND.COM file used when you boot from that disk.
- AAVIRUS uses COMSPEC to locate the current command interpreter.
-
- The checksum file contains the following
- - the boot record and master boot record if it's a hard disk,
- - the current COMSPEC environment variable,
- - the disk's volume label,
- - the directory entries and checksums of the two hidden system files
- (IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS or IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM),
- - the directory entry and checksum of COMMAND.COM (according to COMSPEC),
- - the directory entry and checksum of the AAVIRUS program itself,
- - the timestamp of creating the checksum file and its own checksum.
-
- Before installation of the AAVIRUS checksum file always make sure that your
- disk isn't already infected by a virus, by using a recent virus scan program.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 4. Checking bootstrap integrity
-
-
- The integrity of the bootstrap system is tested against the checksum file by
- the option -t. Putting the line "aavirus -t" in your AUTOEXEC.BAT will check
- the system when you start it.
-
- Normally AAVIRUS reports that "everything looks fine". You can suppress this
- one line message by redirecting output to null device ("aavirus -t >nul"),
- because if something appears to be changed, the AAVIRUS messages will reach
- your screen anyway (writing to standard error device), waking you up with
- beeps and requesting your acknowledgement.
-
- Because checksumming the contents of 4 files (see above) takes some time,
- especially on slower systems, the option -q (quick test) checks everything
- (master boot record, boot record, COMSPEC, directory entries of hidden files,
- command interpreter and the program itself, and the integrity of the checksum
- file) - except the checksums on the 4 files contents. Use option -q in your
- AUTOEXEC.BAT if option -t takes too long.
-
- If AAVIRUS reports any differences between the checksum file and the actual
- situation, there is the possibility of virus infection, but the symptoms may
- also be caused by quite normal actions like changing the boot disk's volume
- label (which affects the boot record of DOS 4 and above), upgrading DOS,
- changing COMSPEC (the location of COMMAND.COM), changing file attributes
- (e.g. the archive attribute after backup), getting a new version of AAVIRUS,
- and so on.
-
- To get acquainted with AAVIRUS' operation, you could try it: change something
- for a while, then run "aavirus -t" or "aavirus -q". The real disk heroes are
- challenged to alter their boot record or partition table and try "aavirus -r"
- or "aavirus -e" too (see below).
-
- So don't get upset if AAVIRUS cries, but use your memory (Did I recently
- change something?) and a recent copy of a virus scan program.
-
- By the way, AAVIRUS will only discover viruses that affect the bootstrap
- system, as by definition all partition table and boot record viruses do.
- It is not suited to signal infection of .COM and .EXE files, although it
- checks COMMAND.COM and its own integrity - being of the .EXE species.
- So, use a virus scan program anyway, from time to time. Personally, I don't
- like memory resident virus watchers. It's too much paranoia to have it
- interfere with the normal functioning of the system, as they too often do.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 5. Repair options
-
-
- AAVIRUS is able to restore the boot record and the master boot record from
- the checksum file to their original locations in two ways.
-
- The first method (option -r) reads the given checksum file and restores
- either or both sectors after prompting. A lot of boot sector viruses (those
- that do not intercept writing to sector 0 at BIOS level) can be removed by
- simply restoring the original bootrecord this way and rebooting the system.
-
- The second method (option -e) has to be used when the checksum file resided
- on hard disk #0 (in any partition) but has been lost (yet not overwritten!)
- or when the hard disk isn't accessible to DOS anymore.
- The program scans the entire disk at the BIOS level to find the most recent
- file data, using the data's checksum and timestamp (see chapter 3). Formally
- you should complete the scanning process to be sure you have got the most
- recent data, but if you installed the checksum file just once, you may
- interrupt scanning as soon as data are found. You will then be prompted to
- restore either or both records.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 6. Some technical details
-
-
- AAVIRUS requires or assumes the following technical specifications:
- - PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 3.0 or above
- - hidden system files should be either IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS or IBMBIO.COM
- and IBMDOS.COM
- - standard sector size of 512 bytes
- - a one sector boot record
- - if a hard disk: a one sector master boot record at cylinder 0 head 0
- sector 1
-
- If you're not sure your system meets all these standards: they're quite
- common. But read the exceptions below.
-
- The source code of AAVIRUS has been written in Turbo C 2.0 from Borland with
- a few functions in Microsoft MASM 4.0 assembler.
-
- The current version of AAVIRUS has been tested on several systems of
- different model and brand, with hard disks varying from 20 up to 110 MB, with
- one or more partitions per disk and different BIOS parameters, using DOS
- versions 3.30 and 5.0. I wiped partition tables and boot sectors, and was
- able to restore them from the checksum file using either the -e or -r option.
-
- I did NOT test the program with memory resident disk handlers (other than
- DOS's) that compress, encrypt, or relocate data. Restoring boot records
- without having these same handlers loaded, will obviously produce wrong
- results.
- Also, it seems that Digital Research DOS (DR-DOS) uses two sectors for its
- boot record or partition table. If that is true, AAVIRUS isn't suitable to
- DR-DOS users. Perhaps the same goes for other DOS-like operating systems as
- well. Let me know if you have more definitive information on these issues.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------
- 7. Concluding remarks
-
-
- So, if you use common hardware and common DOS, I don't expect you will run
- into any trouble using this program. BUT:
-
- >> Nor I, nor my employer, will accept liability for any damage caused by
- >> or following the use of this program! You will use it at your own risk!
-
- If you have any questions or remarks concerning the program, please don't
- hesitate to write me at my mail address: mmeijer@cc.ruu.nl.
-
- You may freely use, copy and distribute this program, on the simple terms
- that program and documentation will not be modified in any way, will not be
- sold, and are distributed together.
-
-
- ======================================================