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- FORMATS FOR USING APRS WITH DUMB TERMINALS
-
- Since most of the features of APRS can be used even if a station is not
- running the APRS software, this file describes the exact APRS formats so that
- they can be manually entered from dumb packet stations. This might often be
- the case from lightweight portable packet stations. Frequently the need for
- the map display is not out in the field where the portable packet stations
- are, but at the headquarters, or net control point. The following paragraphs
- suggest ways to use dumb terminals or non-PC computers and TNC's in an APRS
- network.
-
- All APRS communication is done using UI frames. UI frames are
- transmitted with all the error detection capability of standard packets, but
- they are not automatically acknowledged. The only disadvantage is that if a
- collision occurs or there is interference on the channel, the UI frame is not
- automatically retransmitted. In APRS this is not a problem because all
- information is repeatedly and redundantly transmitted.
-
- UI frames can be transmitted easily from a TNC in two ways. First, by
- loading the TNC Beacon Text with a desired message, the beacon is repeatedly
- transmitted as a UI frame. The period of retransmission is set using the B
- parameter. Most standard TAPR-2 TNC's use 10 second increments so that a
- B_E_6 actually results in a beacon once every minute. A value of 60 is once
- every ten minutes. The BText is the primary method used by APRS to broadcast
- one line messages to all stations.
-
- The second way to send UI frames is to enter CONVERSE mode directly from
- the cmd: mode without first establishing a connection. This is done simply
- by using either the CONV or K command. In this mode you specify your
- digipeater path by using the UNPROTO command. Once in UNPROTO CONVERSE,
- everything you type is still transmitted as normal AX.25 packets, except that
- lines are only transmitted once and acknowledgments do not exist. As long as
- you do not experience a collision, these UNPROTO packets are just as good as
- the connected protocol and are very effective at broadcasting information to
- many other stations at once.
-
- TO ADDRESS: One caution; since APRS operates in a broadcast fashion and
- does not use a connected protocol, the TO ADDRESS is not required. To help
- ignore non-APRS traffic which might also be on the channel, APRS stations use
- the TO ADDRESS field as a type of filter. APRS will only recognize UI frames
- transmitted to the broadcast addresses of ID, CQ, QST, BEACON, MAIL, SKYWRN,
- DFNET and APRS. All other packets are ignored. For this reason, you must
- place one of these addresses in the TO ADDRESS field in your UNPROTO command.
- APRS does have the ^O OTHER command to over-ride this filter temporarily.
-
- APRS FORMATS: Using either the BText or UNPROTO CONVERSE methods noted
- above, APRS reports can still be transmitted manually. To transmit a report
- repetatively, enter it as a Beacon Text. To report it once, simply type it
- in the UNPROTO CONVERSE mode and hit carriage return. The following formats
- must be used exactly to have the desired effect at an APRS station.
- Abbreviations are D for degrees (or DAY), M for minutes (Both lat/long and
- time), h for hundredths (or Hours), N for North and W for West. The
- delimiter following the Longitude is used to indicate the type of APRS symbol
- to be displayed (shown here as a $). See the README.SYM file.
-
-
- POSITION REPORT: To report the position LAT/LONG of your station you may
- either use the abbreviated format for a fixed station or the longer
- format for a mobile that includes the time of the position and an
- optional course, speed, and comments. If the symbol for a Triangle
- is used (\) then APRS assumes the report is a DF line of bearing
- for direction finding. To be compatible wiht TheNET node ID frames,
- as of version 2.09, the fixed format can occur anywhere in the BText.
-
- FIXED: ... !DDMM.hhN/DDDMM.hhW$comments
- MOBILE: @DDHHMM/DDMM.hhN/DDDMM.hhW$CSE/SPD/comments
- DF: ... !DDMM.hhN/DDDMM.hhW\BRG/90Q/Comments (BRG=bearing, Q=quality)
- GRDSQR: [XXnnyy]comments to end of line
-
- WEATHER REPORT: APRS recognizes the underline symbol character to indicate
- that the report contains wind direction and speed information.
- This plots the station in dark blue and prevents APRS from assuming
- it is a moving mobile station. The remainder of the comment line
- can contain any other pertinent weather information. In APRS version
- 2.07 there is an optional automatic Home weather station interface
- which automatically inserts your weather conditions into your Posit
- report. It includes the optional Temp and Rain fields. If your
- report is a manual entry, you must place the word manual in parenthesis
- so that APRS will not constantly recalculate the DATE and TIME fields.
-
- @DDHHMM/DDMM.hhN/DDDMM.hhW_CSE/SPD/T073/R000/WxStn (manual)
-
- OBJECT POSITION: To report the position of something other than your own
- station, the same format for a mobile object is used but it is
- preceeded with a nine digit object name. For shorter names, the
- 9 character field must be padded with spaces:
-
- OBJECT @DDHHMM/DDMM.hhN/DDDMM.hhW$CSE/SPD/comments
-
- BROADCAST: Simply send anything. If you are using your TNC BText to
- repeatedly send the same message, it is preferred to include
- the day and time that you entered the the BText in the text
- so that recepients can tell how old the information is.
-
- @DDHHMM/comments...
-
- MESSAGE: To direct a specific message to a specific station and have
- his bell ring and the message instantly flashed on his screen,
- use the following format, again padding the addressee call
- with spaces to a total of nine characters followed by a colon:
-
- W3XYZ____:one line message text......
-
- His station will acknowledge receipt with a responding message
- to you with only the letters ack in the message.
-
- MSG ACK: If an APRS station sends you a message line, it will be repeated
- over and over until you send a responding ack. To send an ack
- to station W3XYZ, simply enter his call padded to nine spaces
- and a colon followed by the letters ACK# where the # is the line
- number tacked onto the end of his message line with a ({).
-
- W3XYZ____:ack3 (APRS versions after 2.08 require the line #)
-
-
- DUMB PACKET TERMINAL DF REPORTS: Non APRS packet stations can also
- automatically report their lines of bearing into the system by simply
- entering a beacon text in the APRS format with their line of bearing.
-
- BText: !DDMM.xxN/DDDMM.xxW\BRG/N0Q/DF report...
-
- Where: DDMM.xxN is Latitude, DDDMM.xxW is Longitude
- \ (Backslash indicates a Triangle symbol for DFing)
- BRG is the DF bearing in degrees True
- N0Q is a Quality indicator where Q is a quality value (1-8) and
- N is an optional Number of HITS indicator. If N is 0, then it
- means nothing. Values from 1 to 8 give an indication of the
- number of hits per period relative to the length of the time
- period. So 8 means 100% of all samples possible, got a hit.
- The N is not processed, but is just another indicator from
- the automatic DF units. By entering a 9 as the HIT indicator,
- you can indicate to other users that your report is manual.
-
-
- USING AND DISPLAYING POSITION INFORMATION. If all manual stations in an APRS
- system carry a pre-printed map of the exercise or event area, not only can
- they easily determine their own location for reporting, but they can also
- plot the location of other stations and objects. Usually, you do not need
- the high technology of a GPS or LORAN receiver to know where you are. Most
- people can find themselves on a map and read the coordinates. Then they
- simply type them in to their BText and in a few minutes, everyone on the net
- can see their exact location. Similarly, by monitoring all of the APRS
- beacons going back and forth, the dumb terminal user can still be equally
- well informed of whats going on.
-
-