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- --> Satelite Communications ]-------------------------------[ lowtek ]-------
- --> Systems and networks ]----------------------------------[ aka upl1nk ]---
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-
- \ /
- -=Satallite\ /Communications=-
- |
- |
- |
- ___|_____
- \_ | | _ /
- |_---- A |----_|
- / |________| \
- / \
- / \
- / \
- D / \E
- / \
- / \
- __ / \ __
- / \ / \ / \
- |B |/ \|C |
- __________------____________________________________________------__________
-
-
-
- --------------------[A] Satellite
- ------------------[B]Earth Station on one side of world
- ---------------[C]Earth Station on oposite side of the world as the other
- -------------[D]Is a Signal that is being Uplinked from Earth Station B
- ----------[E]Is The Signal Being Downlinked to Earth Station C
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-
- -----=Intro:=----
- *****************************************************************************
-
- We will jump right in. The first satellite to ever orbit the earth on
- october 4, 1957 was the Russians Sputnik. Next was "SCORE" which was the
- first communications satellite in 1958, able to broadcast only a single
- voice taped messege from President Eisenhower "Peace On Earth, Good Will To
- Men". Thus begun an everlasting race to see who could build the most
- sophisticated satellite.
-
- Sometime In the 60's Americans jumped in to the race with Telstar which was
- far more sophisticated than Sputnik.
-
- Today there are more than 3,000 satellites in orbit. Each and everyone of
- those sends signals down to earth and recieves signals from earth to the
- satellite. These are called an Uplink and a Downlink.
-
- The Uplink is when the base reciever uploads information to the satellite
- such as its coordinates ans programing for the satallites viewers. Just think
- how many signals that is if every satellite can produce over 25,000 signals.
-
- These signals are in groups of frequencys I have made a list of what bands
- control what frequencys (The ones with * next to them are based around just
- satellite signaling):
-
- VHF 30 to 300 mhz
-
- UHF 300 to 3000 mhz
-
- L-Band 0.5 to 1.5 ghz
-
- *C band 4 to 8 ghz
-
- *Ku band 10.9 to 17 ghz
-
- *Ka band 18 to 31 ghz
-
-
- Satellites are used for many different things such as:
-
- Satellite TV
- Radio
- GPS
- Weather
- Telephone Calls over Seas
-
- In this text I will try to cover most of these.
-
- There are 3 different kinds of Satellites that I am formilliar with:
- GEOS LEOS and MEOS:
-
- GEOS (Geosynchronous earth orbiting satellites) are the most common of all
- satellites. These satellites orbit the earth in Geosynchronous Orbit which
- is 22,300 miles above earth.
-
- GEOS are slowly becoming obsolite because of there distance from earth.
- This effects the speed of data that the satellite is transfering to earth.
- This is why most companys now a days are purchasing LEOS (Low Earth Orbiting
- Satellites) these satellites cruise around 2,000-4,000 feet these satellites
- are alot closer to earth hence making the data flow faster than GEOS do. Many
- pager and cellphone companys are starting to use LEOS as there main satellite
- just because the reception is alot better and can provide world wide
- connections (check out www.iridium.com).
-
- A good thing about GEOS is that basically they can cover more geographical
- area than LEOS cause they are higher and can cover more land. Now MEOS
- (Medium Earth Orbiting Satellites) are basically just a weather satellite
- they orbit around 10,000 feet.
-
- TVRO/Television Signals
-
- Satellite TV is a system such as "Direct TV" or the "Dish Network" These are
- what are called TVRO (Tele Vision Recieve Only) and are becoming very popular
- among people these days. There are about 5.1 million installations of TVRO's
- today in North America and are becomeing popular in forign contries as we
- speak.
-
- The Satellite TV bands are:
-
- S)Band 1700)3000 MHz
- C)Band 3700)4200 MHz
- Ku1)Band 10.9)11.75 GHz
- Ku2)Band 11.75)12.5 GHz (DBS)
- Ku3)Band 12.5)12.75 GHz
- Ka)Band 18.0)20.0 GHz
-
- Now to Reach these Signals you will need a C/Ku Band Reciever and a C/Ku band
- Dish these can be ordered on the interenet I have included some sites where
- you can purchase these.
-
- Here is a list of the Downlink Freq's for C/Ku band:
-
- Channel 1 = 3720/11730 MHz Channel 13 = 3960/12096 MHz
- Channel 2 = 3740/11743 Channel 14 = 3980/12109
- Channel 3 = 3760/11791 Channel 15 = 4000/12157
- Channel 4 = 3780/11804 Channel 16 = 4020/12170
- Channel 5 = 3800/11852 Channel 17 = 4040
- Channel 6 = 3820/11865 Channel 18 = 4060
- Channel 7 = 3840/11913 Channel 19 = 4080
- Channel 8 = 3860/11926 Channel 20 = 4100
- Channel 9 = 3880/11974 Channel 21 = 4120
- Channel 10 = 3900/11987 Channel 22 = 4140
- Channel 11 = 3920/12035 Channel 23 = 4160
- Channel 12 = 3940/12048 Channel 24 = 4180
-
- Many of these channels are Scrambled then again you can find many open
- channels that have sporting events or public broadcasting channels.
-
- For the Scrambled Channels there are usually decoders in the newer Recievers,
- most likely you will be able to watch some of the scrambed frequency's.
-
- The most popular of the channels are usually scrambled with VC II and VIII
- systems, now sometimes you will get lucky and actually be able to find a
- V II and V III decoder and then you can watch it without having to pay or
- subsribe to the channels.
-
- Audio Channels/Radio Signals:
-
- Audio channels are usually a higher frequency than TV channels, also there
- are more than 70 audio only channels avalible from each North American
- Satellites. The audio frequency's are usually in the 6.2 to 6.8 mhz but audio
- can go through 5 to 8 mhz.
-
- There are Radio Shows daily for other satellite hobbiests to listen to
- including "Lets talk Radio" is a computer/radio/shortwave listening/
- satellite navagationing show/ which used to be daily at 6p.m. that anyone
- could listen to who had a C/Ku band dish and reciever.
-
- GPS Satellites:
-
- GPS stands for Global Positioning System, these satellites are fairly new
- they provide navegation for ships, tanks, Hummers, airplanes, space stations,
- satellites,and many other devices. They provide navagation, position and
- velocity by the second. They were first introduced to the world from the US
- Department of Defence (what a supprise), and are widely used today in many
- aspects of communication and traveling. This system of satellites are
- controled by a main base all the GPS satellites are operated at what is
- called "GPS Master Control and Monitor Network" which is located in Colorado
- at the Schriever Air Force Base.
-
- Today you can walk out to your local Radio Shack and pick up a GPS reciever
- for traveling and it will tell you where you are most anywhere on earth. Now
- tell me that is not amazing. Today I was doing some Research on GPS and this
- was amazing to me I found a company that provides GPS recievers that you
- strap on to your kid and it tells you where they are anywhere in the world.
- That made me kind of sick but it is a good example of how GPS is growing and
- how accessible it is to the public (also how weird are society is with
- technology of this kind).
-
- Satellite Internet Connections:
-
- Many Networks Today reside on Satellite's, and the amount is growing every
- day. More and More people decide they need more bandwidth for there
- networks or for personal use alone. Satellites have been offering personal
- interenet services for about 3 years now and the users are expanding as we
- speak. The reason for such wide expansion is satellite's high bandwidth.
- Today you can subscrube to a satellite ISP which data transfers 5 times the
- speed of DUAL ISDN Channels, of course this has its downfalls which include
- a $490 dollar a month bill and also the weather somtimes effects satellite
- reception, so in other words during a /rain/thunder/hail/snow storm you
- would ether have a terrible connection to the internet or no connection at
- all. I have hered of some companys fixing the problem but have no other
- information about it. Also have found an Example of what one of these systems
- may cost:
-
- *********The Satellite Internet System includes the following hardware
- ************specifications as well as unlimited access for 10-150 Users.
- **************Intel Pentium PII 266MMX
- ****************16 bay server case
- ******************4.0 gig IDE drive
- ********************3.5" floppy
- **********************64 megs SD RAM
- ************************512K cache
- **************************20X CD-Rom Multi Media kit
- ****************************2 meg PCI Video Card
- *****************************104 keyboard - MS Mouse
- *******************************WIN95 OEM
- *********************************3COM 10/100 Base-T Network card
- ***********************************56 Kbps Fax Modem
- *************************************14" .28 NI SVGA Monitor
- ***************************************32 Bit Satellite software license
- *****************************************20" Satellite Dish w/uni mount
- ********************************************LAN user access software license
- **********************************************Activation prior to delivery
-
- 36 months free on site next day warranty.
- Price $4,900 (Includes Server, Dish, and Installation)
- Monthly Price $490 per month (36 Month lease)
-
- This means that after you pay your $4,900 dollar bill you have to continue
- paying your monthly bill which is $490 dollars. For a large company this
- is no bill at all but you can see how one person who wants fast internet
- access might struggle financially.
-
- Many huge Companys are starting to connect there networks to ATM networks via
- Satellites one of the many of those companys is COMSAT which is ahead of the
- other competitors with there ATM Link Enhancer (ALE). COMSAT wins first ATM
- via satellite contract which makes them elegable to start building massive
- ATM networks. The reson for this being so great is that companys can start
- connecting all forms of communication devices, such as, video confrencing,
- real-time logistics, and medical expertise to deployed field units
- (Telemedicine) all in real time, Anywhere in the world.
-
- -==Weather Satellites:==-
-
- Weather satellites have helped the human race tons. Without these satellites
- there would be no hurican warnings or storm warnings or how about you wouldnt
- even be able to tell when it is supposed to snow. With your C/Ku band
- reciever and dish you can somtimes find an occasional public weather station
- when scanning thru the C/Ku band it probelly wont be local but you get to
- see what kind of weather france is getting. Here i have included a list of
- weather satellites that are Operational and some of there frequency's:
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
- NORAD ID# Common name Source Frequency
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-
- 10061 GOES 2 US
- 10489 METEOSAT 1 ESA
- 12472 GOES 5 US
- 12544 METEOSAT 2 ESA
- 14050 GOES 6 US
- 15427 NOAA 9 US
- 16969 NOAA 10 US
- 17561 GOES 7 US
- 18820 METEOR 2-17 CIS
- 19215 METEOSAT 3 ESA
- 19336 METEOR 3-2 CIS
- 19531 NOAA 11 US
- 19851 METEOR 2-18 CIS
- 19876 METEOSAT 4 ESA
- 20305 METEOR 3-3 CIS
- 20670 METEOR 2-19 CIS
- 20788 FY-1B PRC
- 20826 METEOR 2-20 CIS
- 21140 METEOSAT 5 ESA
- 21232 METEOR 3-4 CIS
- 21263 NOAA 12 US 137.5000
- 21655 METEOR 3-5 CIS 137.8500
- 22739 NOAA 13 US
- 22782 METEOR 2-21 CIS
- 22912 METEOSAT 6 ESA
- 22969 METEOR 3-6 CIS
- 23051 GOES 8 US
- 23455 NOAA 14 US 137.6200
- 23581 GOES 9 US ** FAILED **
- 24786 GOES 10 US
- 24932 METEOSAT 7 ESA
- 25338 NOAA 15 US
-
- This is just a small list I am sorry I couldnt provide more frequencys. You
- can download programs off the internet that connect to satellite's and you
- can view stunning images of live weather around the globe. There are even
- sometimes live camera's via the internet that broadcast live weather to some
- satellites.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Satellite and Telephone Intergration:=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-
- Satellites have greatly helped our communication in various ways but the
- telephone has by far been the greatest. I will give an example of how
- satellites are used with a common telephone call from the U.S. to Australia.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
- This is one of the most important parts of this text because it kind of puts
- everything together into one big example. So please read this part carefully.
-
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-
- Fist the call would be releyed to Roaring Creek, Pennsyvania International
- Earth Station via microwave signals, then from Roaring Creek up into the main
- Anteanna on a 6ghz uplink. Then processed to an Earth Station in Australia
- via the downlink then shipped into the local switch and ran to the
- subscribers house. From there it would do exactly the revearse of what it
- did in the U.S. So this time it will be ran thru the local switch up to the
- earth station in australia and then uplinked at 6ghz and then downlinked to
- Roaring Creek, Pennsylvania once again. So every time one person talks it
- has to ush to the earth station and be uplinked and downlinked then run
- through the local switch (wow what a fast ride). Now you know why these calls
- cost so much.
-
- Please Examine the Ascii at the first part of this text. You will see that
- the signal could represent a telephone call across the world which is
- uplinked by Earth Station B and traveled on signal D and then Processed in
- satellite A and then downlinked on signal E to Earth Station C.
-
- )()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()
- written by lowt3k aka upl1nk
-
-
- Conclusion
-
- This completes my text on satellite communications Introduction,
- although expect many more texts from me about satellites this is just an
- opening of understanding for my other texts which will take this knowledge
- and combine it into othermore technical aspects of satellites.
-
- (*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*)(*
-
- Shoutz and ma propez out to all of deze boyz, girlies, and companyz:
-
- I would like to thank Norad you guys are leet I respect you thanks for helpin
- me out with somethings,**ma h0meboy gr1p****NASA*hybrid**downtime*My home-boy
- w1rep4ir*PD werd ma brotha**Substance need I say more? =)**#9x*#darkcyde*
- USwest*all the peeps in NPA**Dr. Dish** DR. Joseph Pelton**optiklenz****
- di9ital bosplaya****icon_****#legions***#satell1te***genocide2600***chammy
- ***aardwolf
-
- lowtek@uswestmail.net
- lowt3k@daz.dubuque.net
-
-