Power-Programmierung

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TCHK 2.1 Page 1 Table of Contents accum_dep - calculate accumulated depreciation ................ 8 ansi_call - create an ANSI escape sequence .................... 9 ansiback - convert DOS background code to ANSI ................ 11 ansifore - convert DOS foreground code to ANSI ................ 12 atrim - trims leading and trailing blanks ..................... 13 average - calculate the average of a set of reals ............. 14 beep - generate a standard IBM PC beep ........................ 15 bitrevb - bit reverse a byte .................................. 16 bitrevl - bit reverse a long .................................. 17 bitrevw - bit reverse a word .................................. 18 box - draw a box .............................................. 19 boxwindow - draw a 'window' ................................... 20 Cal... - family of Calendar date conversions .................. 22 CapsLock - set the Caps Lock key state ........................ 23 CEDadd - add a CED installable command ........................ 24 CEDremove - remove a CED installable command .................. 25 center - coordinate to center a message on screen ............. 26 changelitebar - set internal litebar menu .................... 27 Checksum_block - calculate checksum for a block ............... 28 clear - clears a portion of the screen ........................ 29 clear_typeahead - clear typeahead buffer ...................... 30 cls - clear screen ............................................ 31 color - make a single attribute ............................... 32 commit - flush disk buffers for to a handle ................... 33 Compaq386GetCpuSpeed - get cpu speed on a ..................... 34 Compaq386KbdType - keyboard type used by a .................... 35 Compaq386SetCpuSpeed - get cpu speed on a ..................... 36 CompaqExternalMonitorType - Get external monitor .............. 37 CompaqGetMasterMode - Get master mode of current .............. 38 CompaqGetMonitor - Get active monitor ......................... 39 CompaqInternalMonitorType - Get internal monitor .............. 40 CompaqModeSwitchDelay - Set mode switch delay ................. 41 CompaqSelectMonitor - Select active monitor ................... 42 CompaqSetMasterMode - Set master mode of current .............. 43 cpu_id - identify the cpu ..................................... 44 CRC16_block - calculate CRC-16 for a block .................... 45 CRC16tupdate - update a CRC-16 value via tables ............... 46 CRC16update - update a CRC-16 value ........................... 47 CRC32tupdate - update a CRC-32 value via tables ............... 48 cursor_blink - set speed of cursor blink ...................... 49 cursor_flip - toggle the cursor type .......................... 50 cursor_off - turn the cursor off .............................. 51 cursor_on - turn the cursor on ................................ 52 date_convert - convert date formats ........................... 53 dayofweek - find the day of the week .......................... 54 dayofyear - calculate the day of the year ..................... 55 daysleft - calculate the days left in the year ................ 56 ddatetofull - convert a date to full string ................... 57 ddatetoshort - convert a date to short string ................. 58 ddatetostr - convert a date to abbrev. string ................. 59 depreciation - calculate depreciation for a ................... 60 DESQapilevel - define minimum API level required .............. 61 TCHK 2.1 Page 2 DESQappnum - DESQview program number .......................... 62 DESQbeginc - begin critical section ........................... 63 DESQcommonmem - returns measure of common memory .............. 64 DESQconvenmem - returns measure of conventional ............... 65 DESQdisperror - popup a DESQview error window ................. 66 DESQendc - end critical section ............................... 67 DESQexit - exit program in DESQview ........................... 68 DESQexpandedmem - returns measure of expanded ................. 69 DESQgetbuf - get DESQview virtual screen info ................. 70 DESQgetmem - allocate DESQview "system" memory ................ 71 DESQiskmouse - is mouse emulated via keyboard ................. 72 DESQjustify - set automatic window justification .............. 73 DESQkmouse_off - disable keyboard mouse emulation ............. 74 DESQkmouse_on - enable keyboard mouse emulation ............... 75 DESQostack - switch to DESQview's internal stack .............. 76 DESQpause - give up CPU time .................................. 77 DESQpoke - displays a char on the status line ................. 78 DESQposttask - awaken DESQview task ........................... 79 DESQpushkey - put key into keyboard input stream .............. 80 DESQputmem - deallocate DESQview "system" memory .............. 81 DESQsound - makes a tone under DESQview ....................... 82 DESQstart - start (unFreeze) a task ........................... 83 DESQstop - stop (Freeze) the current task ..................... 84 DESQustack - switch back to program's stack .................. 85 DESQversion - DESQview version ................................ 86 diffddate - calculate the difference in 2 dates ............... 87 diskchanged - has the disk has been changed ................... 88 disktype - identify disk type ................................. 89 dosday - extract day from file date stamp ..................... 90 doshour - extract hour from file time stamp ................... 91 dosmonth - extract hour from file date stamp .................. 92 dosmin - extract minutes from file time stamp ................. 93 dossec - extract seconds from file time stamp ................. 94 dostimetolong - convert DOS time to 1/100 seconds ............. 95 dosyear - extract year from file date stamp ................... 96 double_decline_bal_dep - calculate double ..................... 97 DoubleDOSfreeCPU - give up CPU time under ..................... 98 DoubleDOSGetVirtual - get DoubleDOS virtual ................... 99 DoubleDOSTaskSwitch - set Double DOS task ..................... 100 EMMversion - version of Expanded Memory Manager ............... 101 EMSGetStatus - get Expanded Memory status ..................... 102 EMSinfo - determines EMM version and EMS pages ................ 103 EMSpages - determines the total and available ................. 104 EMSwarmbootprep - prepares the EMM for warm boot .............. 105 endstri - get offset to last char of a string ................. 106 endstrp - get pointer to last char of a string ................ 107 expandfilespec - expand a filespec into a full ................ 108 Extendedtotal - total Extended memory installed ............... 109 factorial - determines a factorial (n!) ....................... 110 fileexist - does a file exist ................................. 111 fname_match - compare filenames w/wildcards ................... 112 fncmp - compare filenames w/wildcards ......................... 113 frac - round the fractional portion of a real ................. 114 fsgn - sign of a real ......................................... 115 TCHK 2.1 Page 3 fulltoddate - convert a full date to struct ................... 116 FV - calculate the Future Value of a single amount ............ 117 FVa - calculate the Future Value of an annuity ................ 118 getAssignmemseg - get ASSIGN work area segment ................ 119 getBootBlock - get Boot Block ................................. 120 getBootBlock4 - get Boot Block under DOS 4.x .................. 121 getBPB - get Bios Parameter Block ............................. 122 getc_match - get specific input, case dependent ............... 123 getci_match - get specific input, case ........................ 124 getcursor - gets cursor scan lines ............................ 125 getdatehk - inputs a date from the keyboard ................... 126 getdouble - inputs a double from the keyboard ................. 127 getfilespec - get a DIR proper filespec ....................... 128 getfname - get a filename from the keyboard ................... 129 getget - get a string from the keyboard w/editing ............. 130 getint - inputs an integer from the keyboard .................. 133 getk - get a key .............................................. 134 getlogical - get Yes/No ....................................... 135 getpw - inputs a password from the keyboard ................... 136 getreal - inputs a real from the keyboard ..................... 137 getstr - input a string from the keyboard ..................... 138 GetTypePointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS ..................... 139 getVolSerialNum - get Volume Serial Number .................... 140 getyn - get Yes/No ............................................ 141 gotohv - move cursor to absolute coordinates .................. 142 Greg... - family of Gregorian date conversion ................. 143 horiz_line - draw a horizontal line ........................... 144 initkeyvars - setup internal keyboard settings ................ 145 inkey - get a key ............................................. 146 inkeyc - get a key, any alphabetics capitalized ............... 147 inkeycdv - get a key, any alphabetics ......................... 148 inkeydv - get a key, DESQview aware ........................... 149 intlen - calculate length of integer in a string .............. 150 InsLock - set the Insert key state ............................ 151 is2nd8259 - is a 2nd 8259 chip installed ...................... 152 isallalpha - are all characters in string ..................... 153 isallalphanum - are all characters in string .................. 154 isalllower - are all characters in string ..................... 155 isallupper - are all characters in string ..................... 156 isAnarkey - is ANARKEY.COM by Steven Calwas ................... 157 isAppendavail - is APPEND installed ........................... 158 isAssignavail - is ASSIGN installed ........................... 159 isAutoPark - is AUTOPARK.COM by Alan D. Jones ................. 160 isBlogical - is drive B: logical .............................. 161 isBREAKon - check Ctrl-BREAK flag ............................. 162 iscdevicemoderaw - is character device in "raw" ............... 163 isCEDavail - is CED installed ................................. 164 isCGA - is Color Graphics adapter installed ................... 165 isEGA - is Enhanced Graphics adapter installed ................ 165 isHerc - is Hercules Graphics adapter installed ............... 165 isMDA - is Monochrome adapter installed ....................... 165 ismono - is monochrome display ................................ 165 iscolor - is color display .................................... 165 isdate - character classification ............................. 166 TCHK 2.1 Page 4 isdir - is a FAT entry a subdirectory ......................... 167 isDoubleDOS - is DoubleDOS installed .......................... 168 isdrivelocal - is drive local or remote ....................... 169 isDriverSys - is DRIVER.SYS installed ......................... 170 isEMSavail - is EMS available ................................. 171 isEnhanceKbd - is an enhanced keyboard installed .............. 172 iseven - is a number even ..................................... 173 isExtended - is Extended memory installed ..................... 174 isfilename - character classification ......................... 175 isgameport - is a game port installed ......................... 176 isgn - sign of an integer ..................................... 177 ishandlelocal - is handle local or remote ..................... 178 isHiliteable - can a menu command be hilighted ................ 179 isInvisible - is this the invisible program under ............. 180 isleapyear - is a year a leap year ............................ 181 isMCA - is the bus Micro Channel Architecture ................. 182 ismouse - is a mouse installed ................................ 183 isNetwork - is a network installed ............................ 184 isNLSFuncCom - is NLSFUNC.COM installed ....................... 185 isNovellNetavail - is Novell Network installed ................ 186 isodd - is a number odd ....................................... 187 ispathname - character classification ......................... 188 ispcAnywhere - is pcAnywhere installed ........................ 189 isPRINTavail - is PRINT.COM installed ......................... 190 isPM - the the hour AM or PM .................................. 191 isrealtimeclock - is a real time clock installed .............. 192 isRedirectStdin - is stdin redirected ......................... 193 isRedirectStdout - is stdout redirected ....................... 194 isremoveable - is device removeable ........................... 195 isScrnSav2 - is SCRNSAV2.COM by Alan Ballard .................. 196 isShareavail - is SHARE installed ............................. 197 isstate - is string a state abbreviation ...................... 198 isVERIFYon - check VERIFY flag ................................ 199 isVidclock - is VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin .................... 200 isWhoa - is WHOA!.COM by Brad Crandall installed .............. 201 iswildcarded - checks a string for DOS wildcards .............. 202 isXMSinstalled - is XMS installed ............................. 203 iszip - is a zip code valid for a state ....................... 204 joystickAx - read joystick input Ax ........................... 205 joystickAy - read joystick input Ay ........................... 206 joystickBx - read joystick input Bx ........................... 207 joystickBy - read joystick input By ........................... 208 joysticksettings - read joystick switch settings .............. 209 Jul... - family of Julian date conversion ..................... 210 keyclick - turn on key click .................................. 211 leftstr - return the left portion of a string ................. 212 litebar_alloc - allocate memory for a litebar ................. 213 litebar_free - frees memory allocated by a .................... 217 litebar_get - get user's choice from a litebar ................ 218 litehilite - hilite a litebar menu command .................... 219 litemessage - change the message for a litebar ................ 220 liteunlite - unhilite a litebar menu command .................. 221 longtodostime - convert 1/100 seconds to DOS time ............. 222 lpow - raise a base to an exponent ............................ 223 TCHK 2.1 Page 5 lsgn - sign of a long integer ................................. 224 ltrim - trims leading blanks .................................. 225 machine_id - determine machine type ........................... 226 MButtonPress - mouse button press data ........................ 227 MButtonRelease - mouse button release data .................... 228 MButtonStatus - mouse position and button status .............. 229 MCursorGraphic - define graphic cursor ........................ 230 MCursorOff - turns off (hide) the mouse cursor ................ 231 MCursorOn - turns on (show) the mouse cursor .................. 232 MCursorRangex - define horizontal cursor range ................ 233 MCursorRangey - define vertical cursor range .................. 234 MCursorText - define text cursor .............................. 235 MDriverSize - get driver storage requirements ................. 236 memory_strategy - get/set memory alloc strategy ............... 237 MEmulateLightpenOff - mouse light pen emulation ............... 238 MEmulateLightpenOn - mouse light pen emulation on ............. 239 menu_litebar - litebar style menu ............................. 240 menu_popup - popup style menu ................................. 241 MGetDisplayPage - get mouse display page number ............... 242 MGetDriver - save mouse driver state .......................... 243 MGetSensitivity - get mouse sensitivity ....................... 244 MGetVerType - get software version and mouse type ............. 245 MGotoxy - position mouse cursor ............................... 246 mid - is a number within a range .............................. 247 midstr - return the middle portion of a string ................ 248 MMickeysMovedx - number of mickeys mouse moved ................ 249 MMickeysMovedy - number of mickeys mouse moved ................ 250 monthexpand - convert a month abbrev to its name .............. 251 MouseReset - reset mouse software only ........................ 252 MPutDriver - restore mouse driver state ....................... 253 MSetDisplayPage - set mouse display page number ............... 254 MSetRatio - set mickey to pixel ratio ......................... 255 MSetSensitivity - set mouse sensitivity ....................... 256 MSetThreshold - set double speed threshold .................... 257 MUpdateScreen - define screen region for updating ............. 258 ndp_id - identify the math coprocessor ........................ 259 nmid - is a number outside a range ............................ 260 NumLock - set the Num Lock key state .......................... 261 parsefilename - parses a filename, supports paths ............. 262 parsefnameext - parses a filename into name and ............... 264 pause - wait for a time or until a keypress ................... 265 PMT - calculate the periodic payment required to .............. 266 popup_alloc - allocate memory for a popup menu ................ 267 popup_free - frees memory allocated by popup menu ............. 271 popup_get - get user's choice from a popup menu ............... 272 popup_restore - restore video from a popup menu ............... 273 popup_setcurrent - set internal popup menu .................... 274 pophilite - hilite a popup menu command ....................... 275 popunlite - unhilite a popup menu command ..................... 276 print_screen - issue a PrintScreen ............................ 277 PRINTadd - add a file to the print queue ...................... 278 PRINThold - hold print queue for status read .................. 279 PRINTpurge - remove all files from print queue ................ 280 PRINTremove - remove a file from print queue .................. 281 TCHK 2.1 Page 6 PRINTresume - resume printing after a PRINThold ............... 282 putk - put a character w/attribute on the screen .............. 283 putsay - put a string with attribute on the ................... 284 putstr - put string with attribute on the screen .............. 285 PV - calculate the Present Value of a single .................. 286 PVa - calculate the Present Value of an annuity ............... 287 radd - add two REAL numbers ................................... 288 rceil - rounds up ............................................. 289 rdiv - divide using REAL math ................................. 290 read_attrib - gets the attribute under the cursor ............. 291 read_char - gets the character under the cursor ............... 292 read_cursor - reads cursor information ........................ 293 read_mode - find screen width, mode and page .................. 294 reboot - reboots the machine .................................. 295 ResetPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface ............. 296 resolvepath - resolve a path to a fully qualified ............. 297 rfloor - rounds down .......................................... 298 rightstr - return the right portion of a string ............... 299 rnegate - change sign ......................................... 300 rnormalize - fix precision .................................... 301 ROM_date - gets the ROM id date ............................... 302 ROM_id - gets the ROM id byte ................................. 303 round - round a real to a decimal place ....................... 304 rsign - determine the sign of a REAL number ................... 305 rsub - subtract two REAL numbers .............................. 306 rtrim - trims trailing blanks ................................. 307 scrbuff - calculate size of screen buffer ..................... 308 scroll_down - scroll window down .............................. 309 scroll_up - scroll window up .................................. 310 ScrollLock - set the Scroll Lock key state .................... 311 set_color - set the default attribute (color) ................. 312 set_cursor - sets cursor scan lines ........................... 313 set_handles - set handle count ................................ 314 set_mode - set the video mode ................................. 315 setAutoPark - set parking delay for AUTOPARK.COM .............. 316 setBREAK - set Ctrl-BREAK flag ................................ 317 setcdevicemoderaw - set character device mode ................. 318 setcursor - sets cursor scan lines ............................ 319 SetpcAnywhere - enable/disable pcAnywhere ..................... 320 SetPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface: .............. 321 SetRatePointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS ..................... 322 SetResPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS ...................... 323 settextinfo - set text mode video information ................. 324 setVERIFY - set VERIFY flag ................................... 325 setWhoa - set delay count for WHOA!.COM by Brad ............... 326 shadow - draw a shadowed box .................................. 327 shorttoddate - convert a short date to struct ................. 329 soundex - convert a string to soundex form .................... 330 sqr - square of a value ....................................... 332 stateindex - get index for a given state ...................... 333 stddev - calculate the standard deviation of a ................ 334 straight_line_dep - calculate straight line ................... 335 strcapital - capitalizes the first letter of each ............. 336 strclean - remove non-printable ASCII codes ................... 337 TCHK 2.1 Page 7 strcomma - convert a string to xx,xxx,xxx format .............. 338 strdel - delete part of a string .............................. 339 strfill - fill a string with a character ...................... 340 strins - insert one string into another ....................... 341 stroccur - count the occurences of a substring ................ 342 strpadleft - pad the left of a string ......................... 343 strpadright - pad the right of a string ....................... 344 strrep - replicate a char ..................................... 345 strshleft - shift string left ................................. 346 strshright - shift string right ............................... 347 strspace2tab - compress spaces to tabs ........................ 348 strtabexpand - expand tabs to spaces .......................... 349 strtocomma - convert a string to xx,xxx format ................ 350 strtoddate - convert a date string to a structure ............. 351 strtodol - converts a string to dollar format ................. 352 strtotime - convert a string to a time structure .............. 353 strwcmp - compares a wild-carded string to .................... 354 strwicmp - compares a wild-carded string to ................... 355 sum_year_digits_dep - calculate sum of the years .............. 356 summation - calculate a summation of integers ................. 357 swap - swap two values ........................................ 358 time_convert - convert time formats ........................... 359 timetostr - convert time structure to a string ................ 360 to24hour - converts hours to 24-hour format ................... 361 tocapkey - convert the key code to uppercase .................. 362 todosdate - make a DOS file date stamp ........................ 363 todostime - make a DOS file time stamp ........................ 364 tohour - converts 24-hour format to 12-hour ................... 365 Tone - play a tone ............................................ 366 uninstallWhoa - uninstall WHOA!.COM by Brad ................... 367 valid_date - check if a date is valid ......................... 368 variance - calculate the variance of a set of ................. 369 vert_line - draw a vertical line .............................. 370 whereh - X-coordinate of cursor .............................. 371 wherev - Y-coordinate of cursor .............................. 372 Index .............................................................. 373 TCHK 2.1 Page 8 Function accum_dep - calculate accumulated depreciation Syntax double accum_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period, int dtype); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, accum_dep will calculate the amount of accumulated depreciation for the given period according to the depreciation method specified by dtype. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. Types of depreciation supported by the variable dtype are: 1 - Straight line depreciation 2 - Sum of the years digits depreciation 3 - Double declining balance depreciation Any other value for dtype will produce unpredictable results. No error checking is performed. This is a generic function to calculate the accumulated depreciation given all necessary information. Any unnecessary information is ignored (i.e. double declining balance does not need a salvage value.) Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the depreciation method specified by dtype. Note The macros ACC_DDB(c,l,p), ACC_SLD(c,s,l) and ACC_SYD(c,s,l,p) are defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 9 Function ansi_call - create an ANSI escape sequence Syntax char *ansi_call(int subfunction, int parm1, int parm2, char *ansistring); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks ansi_call is a general function that will create an ANSI escape sequence for the given subfunction: 1: gotoxy(parm1,parm2) 2: cursor_right 3: cursor_left 4: cursor_up 5: cursor_down 6: save_cursor_position 7: restore_cursor_position 8: cls() 9: clear_eol() 10: set_foreground(parm1) 11: set_background(parm1) 12: clear_attributes (plain, normal) 13: bold 14: faint 15: italic 16: blink 17: fast_blink 18: inverse 19: invisible 20: set_mode(parm1) 21: reset_mode(parm1) 22: wherexy() 1: moves cursor to (parm1,parm2) 2-5: move cursor 1 space in direction indicated 6-7: save cursor position for future restoring 8: clear screen 9: clear to the end of current line 10-11: set colors for output 12-15,18-19: set attributes for output 16-17: control cursor blink rate 20-21: change mode (not same as DOS, see ansihk.h) 22: outputs the current cursor location A value must be passed for parm1 and parm2, even if they are not going to be used. The escape sequence ansistring can be outputted with a simple printf(). Remember, ANSI.SYS, FANSI-CONSOLE, or some similar ANSI control sequence program must be active for these codes to take effect. TCHK 2.1 Page 10 Return value returns ansistring. Note The color codes needed by ANSI functions are NOT the same as the color codes used by DOS to set attributes. Use the ANSI color #defines given in ansihk.h. See also ansiback(), ansifore() TCHK 2.1 Page 11 Function ansiback - convert DOS background code to ANSI Syntax int ansiback(char code); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks DOS and ANSI use different values for colors. This function converts a DOS background color code to the ANSI color code for the same color. Return value returns the ANSI background color code See also ansi_call(), ansifore() TCHK 2.1 Page 12 Function ansifore - convert DOS foreground code to ANSI Syntax int ansifore(char code); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks DOS and ANSI use different values for colors. This function converts a DOS foreground color code to the ANSI color code for the same color. Return value returns the ANSI foreground color code See also ansi_call(), ansiback() TCHK 2.1 Page 13 Function atrim - trims leading and trailing blanks Syntax char *atrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks remove leading and trailing blanks in a string. The string passed to atrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("atrim [%s]\n",atrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] atrim [Hello everyone] TCHK 2.1 Page 14 Function average - calculate the average of a set of reals Syntax double average(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks average calculates the average of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the average of a set of n numbers. See also stddev(), summation(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Average is %lf\n",average(3,num)); } Program output Average is 5.15 TCHK 2.1 Page 15 Function beep - generate a standard IBM PC beep Syntax void beep(void); Prototype in sound.h Remarks makes the speaker beep (just like the beep during bootup). See also Tone() Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 16 Function bitrevb - bit reverse a byte Syntax unsigned char bitrevb(unsigned char value); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks bitrevb() will reverse the bits in the byte value. Return value returns the reversed byte. See also bitrevl(), bitrevw() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("0x01 reversed => 0x%02X\n", bitrevb(0x01)); } Program output 0x01 reversed => 0x80 TCHK 2.1 Page 17 Function bitrevl - bit reverse a long Syntax unsigned char bitrevl(unsigned long value); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks bitrevl() will reverse the bits in the double word (long) value. Return value returns the reversed long. See also bitrevb(), bitrevw() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("0x00000001 reversed => 0x%08X\n", bitrevb(0x00000001)); } Program output 0x00000001 reversed => 0x80000000 TCHK 2.1 Page 18 Function bitrevw - bit reverse a word Syntax unsigned char bitrevw(unsigned int value); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks bitrevw() will reverse the bits in the word value. Return value returns the reversed word. See also bitrevb(), bitrevl() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("0x0001 reversed => 0x%04X\n", bitrevb(0x0001)); } Program output 0x0001 reversed => 0x8000 TCHK 2.1 Page 19 Function box - draw a box Syntax int box(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[]); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a box via gotohv(), horiz_line(), putk() and vert_line() (all use INTerrupts). Also, frame must be have at least 9 elements (char frame[9]). The box characters are frame[0] (top left) to frame[7] (left wall), going clockwise. If frame[8] != '\0' the box is filled with it. Return value returns zero upon succesful completion, -1 if the coordinates given are not large enough for a box. See also global variables boxwindow(), gotohv(), horiz_line(), putk(), vert_line() Example #include <video.h> main() { char framebox[9] = "abcdefghi"; box(1,1,7,4,framebox); } Program output abbbbbc hiiiiid hiiiiid gfffffe TCHK 2.1 Page 20 Function boxwindow - draw a 'window' Syntax int boxwindow(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[], char *title, int titlejustify, char colborder, char coltitle, char colnorm, char *buffer); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a 'window'-like box (similiar to box(), but with a title) at the coordinates (left,top) to (right,bottom). The characters in frame[] are used to generate the frame, with frame[9] and frame[10] used as pre-/post-title separators if a title is specified (title justification is not NONE). The title is aligned as per titlejustify (LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT or NONE. See HOWARD.H for more details). The frame uses the colborder attribute, the title, if any, uses the coltitle attribute and the inner portions of the box are filled with spaces of colnorm color. The box is stored in the memory allocated by buffer and displayed with puttext(). If a title is specified (title justification is not NONE) the title is separated from the pre-/post- -title separators by a space. Sufficient memory must be allocated for buffer to contain the entire box, with attributes (see scrbuff()). Upon completion, buffer contains a copy of the screen image of the box displayed (usable by puttext()). This routine is taken from an older version of the popup...() and litebar...() creation functions. This function does virtually no error checking. Return value returns zero upon succesful completion, -1 if an error occurs. See also global variables box(), horiz_line(), litebar...(), popup...(), vert_line() TCHK 2.1 Page 21 Example #include <video.h> #include <howard.h> /* for CENTER */ #include <color.h> /* for colors */ main() { char vidbuff[scrbuff(1,1,15,4)], framebox[] = "abcdefgh[]"; boxwindow(1,1,15,4,framebox,"Title",CENTER, CYAN,YELLOW,RED,vidbuff); } Program output abb[ Title ]bbc h d h d gfffffffffffffe TCHK 2.1 Page 22 Function Cal... - family of Calendar date conversions Syntax char *CaltoGreg(double cal); char *CaltoGregEuro(double cal); char *CaltoGregJap(double cal); double CaltoJul(double cal); double CaltoJulA(double cal); double CaltoJulB(double cal); double CaltoCalCent(double cal); double CalCenttoCal(double cal); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks CaltoGreg converts Calendar date to Gregorian (US) date CaltoGregEuro converts Calendar date to Gregorian (European) date CaltoGregJap converts Calendar date to Gregorian (Japan) date CaltoJul converts Calendar date to Julian (Type E) date CaltoJulA converts Calendar date to Julian (Type A) date CaltoJulB converts Calendar date to Julian (Type B) date CaltoCalCent converts Calendar date to Calendar date (w/century) CalCenttoCal converts Calendar date (w/century) to Calendar date Return value CaltoGreg... return the appropriate Gregorian date CaltoJul... return the appropriate Julian date CaltoCalCent returns a Calendar date (w/century) CalCentotCal returns a Calendar date See also Appendix A date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 23 Function CapsLock - set the Caps Lock key state Syntax void InsLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Caps Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also InsLock(), NumLock(), ScrollLock() TCHK 2.1 Page 24 Function CEDadd - add a CED installable command Syntax boolean CEDadd(char *command, unsigned char mode, unsigned segment, unsigned offset); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks adds a CED installable command. The mode parameter is a bit mask with the following settings: bit 0 = 1 callable from DOS prompt bit 1 = 1 callable from application command should be terminated by a CR. The segment:offset parameters point to a FAR routine entry point. Return value returns TRUE if successful, FALSE otherwise. If unsuccessful, _doserrno will contain the error code: 0x01 invalid function 0x08 insufficient memory 0x0E bad data If CED is not installed, _doserrno & 0xFF00 will return 0xFF00. See also CEDremove(), isCEDavail() TCHK 2.1 Page 25 Function CEDremove - remove a CED installable command Syntax boolean CEDremove(char *command); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks remove a CED installable command. The command parameter should be terminated by a CR. Return value returns TRUE if successful, FALSE otherwise. If unsuccessful, _doserrno will contain the error code: 0x01 invalid function 0x02 command not found If CED is not installed, _doserrno & 0xFF00 will return 0xFF00. See also CEDadd(), isCEDavail() TCHK 2.1 Page 26 Function center - coordinate to center a message on screen Syntax int center(char *str); Prototype in video.h Remarks center() will determine the proper X-coordinate to display str centered horizontally with the current window area. See Borland's explanation of window() and related topics for further details. Return value returns X coordinate to display str centered horizontally within the window() corrdinates. Example #include <video.h> main() { char msg[] = "This will be centered on line 3" gotoxy(center(msg),3); cputs(msg); } Program output This will be centered on line 3 TCHK 2.1 Page 27 Function changelitebar - set internal litebar menu information Syntax void changelitebar(struct litebar_header *lh, struct litebar_field *lf) Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks sets internal variables for a litebar menu regarding the currently hilited item. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunhilite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno TCHK 2.1 Page 28 Function Checksum_block - calculate checksum for a block Syntax unsigned char Checksum_block(char *b, int size); Prototype in comm.h Remarks calculates a checksum value based on the block given. A checksum value is commonly used by older transmission protocols such as Xmodem. Return value returns a checksum value for the block operated on. See also CRC16_block(), CRC16tupdate(), CRC16update(), CRC32tupdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 29 Function clear - clears a portion of the screen Syntax void clear(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks clears a box of the screen via gotohv() and putk(). All screen coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also cls(), gotohv(), putk() Example #include <video.h> main() { clear(0,0,79,3); /* clear top 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 30 Function clear_typeahead - clear typeahead buffer Syntax int clear_typeahead(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks clears the typeahead buffer and returns the number of keystrokes cleared Return value number of keystrokes emptied from the typeahead buffer Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("# keystrokes emptied = %d", clear_typeahead()); } TCHK 2.1 Page 31 Function cls - clear screen Syntax #include <video.h> cls(); Prototype in video.h Remarks clears screen by Borland's clrscr(). I hated their name for it, so I #defined cls(). Return value nothing. See also clear() Example #include <video.h> main() { cls() } TCHK 2.1 Page 32 Function color - make a single attribute Syntax #include <video.h> color(f,b) Prototype in video.h Remarks converts a color for a foreground and background attribute in foreground format (0-15) to a single byte. This function is a macro. Return value returns an attribute byte of foreground ORed with the background shifted left 4 bits. TCHK 2.1 Page 33 Function commit - flush disk buffers for to a handle Syntax boolean commit(int handle); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks commit will flush all disk buffers associated with a handle. If DOS 3.3 or later is active, DOS Function 0x68 is used. Under pre-DOS 3.3 versions, the handle is duplicated (DOS Function 0x45) and subsequently closed (DOS Function 0x3E), flushing all buffers for that handle. Return value returns TRUE is successful, FALSE otherwise. TCHK 2.1 Page 34 Function Compaq386GetCpuSpeed - get cpu speed on a Compaq 386 Syntax unsigned char Compaq386GetCpuSpeed(unsigned int *speedvalue); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks determines the cpu speed of a Compaq 386 computer. The speed is returned and, if type/category 0x09 (dynamic) the parameter speedvalue will point to the direct speed value. Return value returns the cpu speed type/category. See Compaq386SetCpuSpeed() for the list of types/categories. Note This function should ONLY be used on Compaq 386 computers or unpredictable results may occur. See also Compaq386KbdType(), Compaq386SetCpuSpeed() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { unsigned char speed; unsigned int directvalue; speed = Compaq386GetCpuSpeed(&directvalue); printf("cpu speed = %u\n",speed); if (directvalue == 0x09) printf("direct value = %u\n", directvalue); } TCHK 2.1 Page 35 Function Compaq386KbdType - keyboard type used by a Compaq 386 Syntax unsigned char Compaq386KbdType(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks determines the type of keyboard in use by a Compaq 386 computer. Return value returns 0 if the keyboard in use is an 11-bit AT type keyboard and 1 if the keyboard is a 9-bit PC type keyboard. Note This function should ONLY be used on Compaq 386 computers or unpredictable results may occur. See also Compaq386GetCpuSpeed(), Compaq386SetCpuSpeed() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Keyboard in use: ); switch (Compaq386KbdType()) { case 0: printf("11-bit AT style\n"); case 1: printf("9-bit PC style\n"); default: printf("unknown\n"); } } TCHK 2.1 Page 36 Function Compaq386SetCpuSpeed - set cpu speed on a Compaq 386 Syntax void Compaq386SetCpuSpeed(unsigned char speed, unsigned int speedvalue); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the cpu speed of a Compaq 386 computer, based on the following chart: speed: 0 - equivalent to 6 MHz 80286 (COMMON) 1 - equivalent to 8 MHz 80286 (FAST) 2 - full 16 MHz (HIGH) 3 - toggles between 8 MHz-equivalent and speed set by system board switch (AUTO or HIGH) 8 - full 16 MHz except 8 MHz- -equivalent during floppy disk access 9 - specify speed directly (via speedvalue parameter, from 1 (slowest) to 50 (full), 3 ~= 8088 running at 4.77 MHz) Return value nothing. Note This function should ONLY be used on Compaq 386 computers or unpredictable results may occur. See also Compaq386GetCpuSpeed(), Compaq386KbdType() TCHK 2.1 Page 37 Function CompaqExternalMonitorType - Get external monitor type Syntax unsigned char CompaqExternalMonitorType(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks determines the external monitor type on a Compaq Portable. Return value returns the external monitor type as follows: 0x00 - none 0x01 - dual-mode monitor 0x02 - 5153 RGB monitor 0x03 - Compaq Color monitor 0x04 - 640x400 flat panel Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSelectMonitor(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 38 Function CompaqGetMasterMode - Get master mode of current controller Syntax unsigned char CompaqGetMasterMode(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks CompaqGetMasterMode() gets the master mode of the current controller on a Compaq Portable. Return value returns the master mode of the current controller as follows: 0x00 - switchable VDU not present 0x04 - CGA 0x05 - EGA 0x07 - MDA Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSelectMonitor(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 39 Function CompaqGetMonitor - Get active monitor Syntax unsigned char CompaqGetMonitor(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks CompaqGetMonitor() determines the active monitor on a Compaq Portable. Return value returns 0 if the external monitor is active and 1 if the internal monitor is active. Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSelectMonitor(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 40 Function CompaqInternalMonitorType - Get internal monitor type Syntax unsigned char CompaqInternalMonitorType(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks determines the internal monitor type on a Compaq Portable. Return value returns the internal monitor type as follows: 0x00 - none 0x01 - dual-mode monitor 0x02 - 5153 RGB monitor 0x03 - Compaq Color monitor 0x04 - 640x400 flat panel Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSelectMonitor(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 41 Function CompaqModeSwitchDelay - Set mode switch delay Syntax void CompaqModeSwitchDelay(boolean enable); Prototype in video.h Remarks CompaqModeSwitchDelay() sets the mode switch delay on a Compaq Portable, based on the value of the parameter enable. Return value nothing. Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqSelectMonitor(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 42 Function CompaqSelectMonitor - Select active monitor Syntax void CompaqSelectMonitor(boolean internal); Prototype in video.h Remarks CompaqSelectMonitor() sets the active monitor on a Compaq Portable to be the internal or external monitor, based on the value of the parameter internal. Return value nothing. Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSetMasterMode() TCHK 2.1 Page 43 Function CompaqSetMasterMode - Set master mode of current controller Syntax void CompaqSetMasterMode(unsigned char mastermode); Prototype in video.h Remarks CompaqSetMasterMode() sets the master mode of the current controller on a Compaq Portable, based on the value of the parameter mastermode: 0x04 - CGA 0x05 - EGA 0x07 - MDA Return value nothing. Note This function should ONLY be used on a Compaq Portable or unpredictable results may occur. See also CompaqExternalMonitorType(), CompaqGetMonitor(), CompaqGetMasterMode(), CompaqInternalMonitorType(), CompaqModeSwitchDelay(), CompaqSelectMonitor() TCHK 2.1 Page 44 Function cpu_id - identify the cpu Syntax int cpu_id(void); Prototype in chiphk.h Remarks cpu_id does some opcode magic to identify the cpu. Currently identified chips are the 8088/8086, 80286, 80386 and the NEV V20/V30. Return value returns a value identifying the cpu. See chiphk.h for further details. Note Other (not 88/86, 286, 386 or V20/V30) chips will not be identified correctly, and will probably be interpreted as an NEC cpu. See also machine_id(), ndp_id() TCHK 2.1 Page 45 Function CRC16_block - calculate CRC-16 for a block Syntax unsigned CRC16_block(char *b, int size); Prototype in comm.h Remarks calculates a CRC-16 value based on the polynomial X^16 + X^15 + X^2 + 1. The CRC-16 value is commonly used by transmission protocols such as Xmodem and Ymodem. CRC16_block() will calculate the CRC-16 value for a given block of bytes. Return value returns a CRC-16 value for the block operated on. Note There are two common flavors of 16 bit CRCs, the CRC-16 used by transmission protocols and a CRC-CCIT based on a different polynomial. The two are NOT compatible. I believe the CRC used in .ARC files is of the CRC-16 variety, but will not swear by it until I have verification. The CRC-16 value calculated by TCHK is in proper bit order for use in transfer protocols. See also Checksum_block(), CRC16tupdate(), CRC16update(), CRC32tupdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 46 Function CRC16tupdate - update a CRC-16 value via tables Syntax unsigned CRC16tupdate(char c, unsigned crc); Prototype in comm.h Remarks updates a CRC-16 value based on the polynomial X^16 + X^15 + X^2 + 1 given c and the original crc value. The CRC-16 value is commonly used by transmission protocols such as Xmodem and Ymodem. This function is table driven. Return value returns an updated CRC-16 value. Note There are two common flavors of 16 bit CRCs, the CRC-16 used by transmission protocols and a CRC-CCIT based on a different polynomial. The two are NOT compatible. I believe the CRC used in .ARC files is of the CRC-16 variety, but will not swear by it until I have verification. The CRC-16 value calculated by TCHK is in proper bit order for use in transfer protocols. See also Checksum_block(), CRC16_block(), CRC16update(), CRC32tupdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 47 Function CRC16update - update a CRC-16 value Syntax unsigned CRC16update(char c, unsigned crc); Prototype in comm.h Remarks updates a CRC-16 value based on the polynomial X^16 + X^15 + X^2 + 1 given c and the original crc value. The CRC-16 value is commonly used by transmission protocols such as Xmodem and Ymodem. This function does all calculations on the fly. Return value returns an updated CRC-16 value. Note There are two common flavors of 16 bit CRCs, the CRC-16 used by transmission protocols and a CRC-CCIT based on a different polynomial. The two are NOT compatible. I believe the CRC used in .ARC files is of the CRC-16 variety, but will not swear by it until I have verification. The CRC-16 value calculated by TCHK is in proper bit order for use in transfer protocols. See also Checksum_block(), CRC16_block(), CRC16tupdate(), CRC32tupdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 48 Function CRC32tupdate - update a CRC-32 value via tables Syntax unsigned long CRC32tupdate(char c, unsigned long crc); Prototype in comm.h Remarks updates a CRC-32 value based on the polynomial X^32 + X^26 + X^23 + X^22 + X^16 + X^12 + X^11 + X^10 + X^8 + X^7 + X^5 + X^4 + X^2 + X^1 + X^0 given c and the original crc value. This CRC-32 value is commonly used by the transmission protocol Zmodem. This function is table driven. Before the first call to this function, be sure to initialize crc to 0xFFFFFFFF. Return value returns an updated CRC-32 value. Note This function is designed for data communications and returns the crc bytes in LOW to HIGH order, NOT byte reversed! To turn the value into a 'normal' unsigned long, you must reverse the bytes! Here is a code fragment to reverse the bytes: int i; unsigned long normal; /* get crc value */ for (normal=0lu, i=0; i<4; i++) { normal << 8; normal |= (crc & 0x000000FF) crc >>= 8; } ZIP files, designed by Phil Katz, use a CRC-32, although I believe the CRC-32 used is 'normalized' and not byte reversed as returned by this function. See also Checksum_block(), CRC16_block(), CRC16update(), CRC16tupdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 49 Function cursor_blink - set speed of cursor blink Syntax void cursor_blink(boolean fast); Prototype in video.h Remarks this function will make the cursor blink fast if fast is TRUE, or slow if fast is FALSE. Return value nothing. See also cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.1 Page 50 Function cursor_flip - toggle the cursor type Syntax void cursor_flip(unsigned int curs1, unsigned int curs2); Prototype in video.h Remarks toggles the cursor scan lines to whichever set the cursor is not currently set for. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { cursor_flip(CURSOR_UNDERBAR,CURSOR_HALFBLOCK); } TCHK 2.1 Page 51 Function cursor_off - turn the cursor off Syntax void cursor_off(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks makes the cursor invisible. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.1 Page 52 Function cursor_on - turn the cursor on Syntax void cursor_on(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks makes the cursor visible. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.1 Page 53 Function date_convert - convert date formats Syntax boolean date_convert(void *source, void *dest, int stype, int dtype); Prototype in dateadv.h Remarks date_convert will convert a date from virtually any date format to any other. The parameters *source and *dest must be pointers pointing to a piece of memory allocated as the proper data type. stype and dtype determine the format of source and dest. Due to the great number of formats supported, a chart of valid date formats is provided in Appendix B. Limited error checking is done on passed data. If an invalid date format is passed, unpredictable results will occur. Return value returns TRUE is the conversion was successful and FALSE if the date could not be converted. Note This function does NO function calls except for isleapyear(). I've tried to optimize this function as much as possible for speed, not size. If you only need to convert between, say, Calendar and Julian dates, you may be better off using the functions listed in datehk.h. See also Appendix A, B Cal...(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demoadv.c TCHK 2.1 Page 54 Function dayofweek - find the day of the week Syntax int dayofweek(double jul); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks finds the day of the week for a given Julian (Type E) date Return value returns 0-6 (Sun...Sat) See also Appendix A datehk.h Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 55 Function dayofyear - calculate the day of the year Syntax int dayofyear(struct ddate *d); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks dayofyear calculate the day of the year given a date. The day of the year will range from 1 (January 1) to 365 (Dec 31, no leap year) or 366 (Dec 31, leap year.) dayofyear does no error checking on passed parameters. Return value returns a number from 1 to 365 (no leap year) or 366 (leap year.) See also dayofweek(), daysleft(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; /* set today to Feb 3, 1987 */ printf("%d/%d = day %d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, dayofyear(&today)); } Program output 2/3 = day 34 TCHK 2.1 Page 56 Function daysleft - calculate the days left in the year Syntax int daysleft(struct ddate *d); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks daysleft calculates how many more days are left in the year. The days left will range from 0 (Dec 31) to 364 (Jan 1, no leap year) or 365 (Jan 1, leap year.) daysleft does no error checking on passed parameters. Return value returns a number from 0 to 364 (no leap year) or 365 (leap year.) See also dayofyear(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; /* set today to Nov 3, 1987 */ printf("%d/%d = %d days left\n", today.dmon, today.dday, daysleft(&today)); } Program output 11/3 = 58 days left TCHK 2.1 Page 57 Function ddatetofull - convert a date to full string Syntax char *ddatetofull(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetofull converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form Month dd, Year where Month = the name of the month ("November") dd = the day (5, 12, etc.) Year = the year + 1900 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetofull(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.1 Page 58 Function ddatetoshort - convert a date to short string Syntax char *ddatetoshort(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetoshort converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form Mon dd, Year where Mon = the abbreviation of the month ("Nov") dd = the day (5, 12, etc.) Year = the year + 1900 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetoshort(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.1 Page 59 Function ddatetostr - convert a date to abbrev. string Syntax char *ddatetostr(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetostr converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form mm-dd-y..y where the month and day are always 2 digits long (a 0 is prefixed to single digit months and days) and year is not altered. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetostr(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.1 Page 60 Function depreciation - calculate depreciation for a period Syntax double depreciation(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period, int dtype); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, depreciation will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the depreciation method specified by dtype. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. Types of depreciation supported by the variable dtype are: 1 - Straight line depreciation 2 - Sum of the years digits depreciation 3 - Double declining balance depreciation Any other value for dtype will produce unpredictable results. No error checking is performed. This is a generic function to calculate the depreciation given all necessary information. Any unnecessary information is ignored (i.e. straight line depreciation does not need a period.) Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the depreciation method specified by dtype. See also accum_dep(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 61 Function DESQapilevel - define minimum API level required Syntax unsigned int DESQapilevel(unsigned char major, unsigned char minor); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks defines the minimum API level required. If the requested API level is greater than the version of DESQview, a "You need a newer version" error window is popped up. Return value returns the maximum API level, with the major version number in the low order byte and the minor version number in the high order byte. See also DESQversion() TCHK 2.1 Page 62 Function DESQappnum - DESQview program number Syntax unsigned DESQappnum(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the program number as it appears on the "Switch Windows" menu. Return value returns the program number as it appears on the "Switch Windows" menu. TCHK 2.1 Page 63 Function DESQbeginc - begin critical section Syntax void DESQbeginc(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks used in conjunction with DESQendc(), this function signals the beginning of a critical piece of code that should not be interrupted. DESQview will NOT multitask during critical sections of code. A common instance of critical code is an interrupt handler. Return value nothing. Note Make sure that you end all critical sections of code with DESQendc() or DESQview will not switch to other tasks. See also DESQendc() TCHK 2.1 Page 64 Function DESQcommonmem - returns measure of common memory available Syntax void DESQcommonmem(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available common memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQcommonmem returns the amount of available common memory in dm. The values returned are in bytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQconvenmem(), DESQexpandedmem() TCHK 2.1 Page 65 Function DESQconvenmem - returns measure of conventional memory available Syntax void DESQconvenmem(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available conventional memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQconvenmem returns the amount of available conventional memory in dm. The values returned are in Kbytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQexpandedmem() TCHK 2.1 Page 66 Function DESQdisperror - popup a DESQview error window Syntax unsigned DESQdisperror(char *msg, unsigned char width, unsigned char height, unsigned segment, unsigned flags); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DESQdisperror() will popup an error window under DESQview, displaying the string msg. The message must be less than 4K (<4096 bytes) in size. The window will be of size width by height. If either or both values are zero, the default values will be used. The segment is segment of the object handle, and the flags is a bit field with the following important values: bits 13,14: which mouse button will remove the window 00 or 11 = either 01 = left 10 = right bit 15: beep when displayed For your convenience, DVERROR_LEFT, DVERROR_RIGHT, DVERROR_EITHER and DVERROR_BEEP have been #defined in multihk.h. Return value returns 1 if the left mouse button was pressed, 2 if the right mouse button was pressed and 27 if ESC was pressed. TCHK 2.1 Page 67 Function DESQendc - end critical section Syntax void DESQendc(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks used in conjunction with DESQbeginc(), this function signals the end of a critical piece of code that should not be interrupted. DESQview will NOT multitask during critical sections of code. A common instance of critical code is an interrupt handler. Return value nothing. Note Make sure that you end all critical sections of code with DESQendc() or DESQview will not switch to other tasks. See also DESQbeginc() TCHK 2.1 Page 68 Function DESQexit - exit program in DESQview Syntax void DESQexit(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks exits the current program under DESQview (and possibly Topview). No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 69 Function DESQexpandedmem - returns measure of expanded memory available Syntax void DESQexpanded(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available expanded memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQexpandedmed returns the amount of available expanded memory in dm. The values returned are in Kbytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem() TCHK 2.1 Page 70 Function DESQgetbuf - get DESQview virtual screen info Syntax char far *DESQgetbuf(unsigned segment, unsigned *size); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks this function will return a far pointer to the virtual screen buffer for the window specified by segment, where segment is the segment of the object handle for the window. If segment is zero, the default will be used. The size parameter will be used to return the size of the virtual screen in bytes. Return value returns a far pointer to the virtual screen for the specified window. TCHK 2.1 Page 71 Function DESQgetmem - allocate DESQview "system" memory Syntax char far *DESQgetmem(size_t size); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks allocates a piece of DESQview "system" (common) memory of size bytes. Return value returns a far pointer to the memory allocated. Note When freeing DESQview system memory, be sure to use DESQputmem() and not free(). See also DESQputmem() TCHK 2.1 Page 72 Function DESQiskmouse - is mouse emulated via keyboard Syntax boolean DESQiskmouse(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines if the keyboard is being used to emulate a mouse under DESQview. Return value returns TRUE if the keyboard is being used to emulate a mouse, FALSE otherwise. See also DESQkmouse_off(), DESQkmouse_on() TCHK 2.1 Page 73 Function DESQjustify - set automatic window justification Syntax void DESQjustify(boolean enable); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks sets the automatic window justification for the current window. If enable is TRUE, the window's contents will change to keep the cursor visible at all times. If enable is FALSE, the window's contents will not change automatically, so the cursor may disappear from view. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 74 Function DESQkmouse_off - disable keyboard mouse emulation Syntax void DESQkmouse_off(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks disables keyboard emulation of a mouse under DESQview. Return value nothing. See also DESQiskmouse(), DESQkmouse_on() TCHK 2.1 Page 75 Function DESQkmouse_on - enable keyboard mouse emulation Syntax void DESQkmouse_on(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks enables keyboard emulation of a mouse under DESQview. Return value nothing. See also DESQiskmouse(), DESQkmouse_off() TCHK 2.1 Page 76 Function DESQostack - switch to DESQview's internal stack Syntax void DESQostack(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks switches the stack used to DESQview's internal stack. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQustack() TCHK 2.1 Page 77 Function DESQpause - give up CPU time Syntax void DESQpause(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks this function will free the remaining CPU cycles under DESQview, Topview and Taskview. I have tested this function only under DESQview, where it frees the program's time slice. If your program will just sit idle and chew up CPU time, calling this function frees whatever remains of its cpu share. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQposttask(), DESQstart(), DESQstop() Example ... /* code fragment */ while (bioskey(1) == 0) /* wait for keypress */ DESQpause(); /* w/o wasting cpu time */ ... TCHK 2.1 Page 78 Function DESQpoke - displays a char on the status line Syntax char DESQpoke(char c); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks displays a character on the status line. No error checking is performed. Return value DESQpoke returns the . See also DESQdisperror() TCHK 2.1 Page 79 Function DESQposttask - awaken DESQview task Syntax void DESQposttask(unsigned segment); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks awakens a DESQview task given the segment of its object handle. Return value nothing. See also DESQpause(), DESQstart(), DESQstop() TCHK 2.1 Page 80 Function DESQpushkey - put key into keyboard input stream Syntax void DESQpushkey(unsigned scancode); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks puts the scancode given into the keyboard input stream. The scancode given should be the scan code as returned by the BIOS. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 81 Function DESQputmem - deallocate DESQview "system" memory Syntax void DESQputmem(char far *block); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks deallocates a piece of DESQview "system" (common) previously allocated via DESQgetmem(). Return value nothing. Note When freeing DESQview system memory, be sure to use DESQputmem() and not free(). See also DESQgetmem() TCHK 2.1 Page 82 Function DESQsound - makes a tone under DESQview Syntax void DESQsound(int frequency, int duration); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DESQsound will generate a tone of frequency in Hz for duration clock ticks (approximately 18.2 ticks/sec). No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 83 Function DESQstart - start (unFreeze) a task Syntax void DESQstart(unsigned segment); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DESQstart() will continue the task given the segment of its object handle. This is equivalent to unFreezing a program. Return value nothing. See also DESQpause(), DESQposttask(), DESQstop() TCHK 2.1 Page 84 Function DESQstop - stop (Freeze) the current task Syntax void DESQstop(unsigned segment); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DESQstop() will stop the task given the segment of its object handle. This is equivalent to Freezing a program. Return value nothing. Note under DESQview 2.00, this function is ignored unless the task indicated is the current task (segment == handle of main window for task) See also DESQpause(), DESQposttask(), DESQstart() TCHK 2.1 Page 85 Function DESQustack - switch back to program's stack Syntax void DESQustack(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks switches the stack from DESQview's internal stack back to the program's stack. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQostack() TCHK 2.1 Page 86 Function DESQversion - DESQview version Syntax int DESQversion(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines if DESQview is running and gets the version number Return value returns zero if DESQview is not running, otherwise returns the version number with the major version number in the high order byte and the minor version number in the low order byte. Note Now that I've gotten this function to work properly for DESQview, I do not guarrantee it's accuracy with regards to Topview or Taskview. If someone out there with access to either could test it out and let me know I'd appreciate it. See also DESQapilevel() Example #include <multihk.h> main() { unsigned int ver; if ((ver = DESQversion()) == 0) printf("DESQview is not running\n"); else printf("DESQview version %d.%2d\n", (ver&0xFF00)>>8, ver&0x00FF); } TCHK 2.1 Page 87 Function diffddate - calculate the difference in 2 dates Syntax long int diffddate(struct ddate *start, struct ddate *fini); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks diffdate calculates the difference in days between start and fini (fini - start). diffdate does not perform any error checking on the passed parameters. Return value returns the number of days from start to fini. See also dayofyear(), daysleft(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate begin, end; long int days; /* set begin to Jan 1, 1981 */ /* set end to Feb 5, 1982 */ days = diffdate(&begin,&end); printf("Feb 5, 1982 - Jan 1, 1981 = %ld\n",days); } Program output Feb 5, 1982 - Jan 1, 1981 = 400 TCHK 2.1 Page 88 Function diskchanged - has the disk has been changed Syntax boolean diskchanged(int drive); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks diskchanged determines if the disk has been changed since the last access via INT 0x13, Function 0x16. The drive parameter corresponds to the drive letter, 0 = A:, 1 = B:, etc. Return value returns TRUE if the disk has been changd since the last access and FALSE otherwise. Note This function valid only on AT, XT2, XT286, Convertible and PS/2. See also disktype() TCHK 2.1 Page 89 Function disktype - identify disk type Syntax byte disktype(byte drive); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks disktype will determine the type of disk in the disk drive being tested. drive specifies the drive to check. Set drive to zero to specify the default drive, one is A:, two is B:, etc. Return value returns the drive id byte. See ibm.h for more details. See also diskchanged() Example see demodisk.c TCHK 2.1 Page 90 Function dosday - extract day from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosday(d) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the day from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the day of a DOS file date stamp. See also doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 91 Function doshour - extract hour from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) doshour(h) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the hour from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 92 Function dosmonth - extract hour from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosmonth(m) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the month from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 93 Function dosmin - extract minutes from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosmin(m) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the minutes from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the minutes of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 94 Function dossec - extract seconds from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dossec(s) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the seconds from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 95 Function dostimetolong - convert DOS time to 1/100 seconds Syntax long dostimetolong(struct time *t); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks this function will convert the time from a DOS time structure to a long value of the time in 1/100s of a second. Return value returns the time as a count of 1/100 secs since midnight, ranging from 0 (midnight) to 8639999 (11:59:59.99 PM). See also longtodostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 96 Function dosyear - extract year from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosyear(y) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the year from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the year of a DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 97 Function double_decline_bal_dep - calculate double declining balance depreciation Syntax double double_decline_bal_dep(double cost, int life, int period); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost and life of an item, double_decline_bal_dep will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the double declining balance depreciation method. The cost can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The life and period should be given in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the double declining balance depreciation method. Note The macro DDB(c,l,p) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 98 Function DoubleDOSfreeCPU - give up CPU time under Double DOS Syntax void DoubleDOSfreeCPU(byte slices); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DoubleDOSfreeCPU frees up CPU time from the current program. The amount of time freed up is found by slices * 55ms. Return value nothing. See also DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isDoubleDOS(), isInvisible() Example #include <multihk.h> main() { DoubleDOSfreeCPU(1000); /* frees 55 secs */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 99 Function DoubleDOSGetVirtual - get DoubleDOS virtual screen address Syntax unsigned int DoubleDOSGetVirtual(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines and returns the segment of the virtual screen address for the current task. Return value DoubleDOSGetVirtual returns the segment of the virtual screen address See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isDoubleDOS(), isInvisible() TCHK 2.1 Page 100 Function DoubleDOSTaskSwitch - set Double DOS task switching on/off Syntax void DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(boolean on); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks sets Double DOS task switching on or off. Return value nothing. See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), isDoubleDOS(), isInvisible() Example #include <multihk.h> #define ENABLE TRUE main() { DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(ENABLE); } TCHK 2.1 Page 101 Function EMMversion - version of Expanded Memory Manager Syntax boolean EMMversion(byte *version); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks determines the version of the Expanded Memory Manager. No memory is allocated. Return value returns TRUE if successful (and *version is the version id,) FALSE if an error occurred (and *version is the error code.) Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMSGetStatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { byte ver; if (isEMSavail()) if (EMMversion(&ver)) /* success */ printf("EMM version id %X\n",ver); else /* error */ printf("EMM error code %X\n",ver); } TCHK 2.1 Page 102 Function EMSGetStatus - get Expanded Memory status Syntax byte EMSGetStatus(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks EMSGetStatus tests whether the expanded memory hardware is functional. This function should only be made after it has been established that EMS is available and the EMM is ready (via isEMSavail()). This is not a substitute to determine if EMS is available. Return value returns the EMM error code. If zero is returned, the function is successful. If any other value is returned, an error has occurred. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), EMSinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep(), isEMSavail() TCHK 2.1 Page 103 Function EMSinfo - determines EMM version and EMS pages Syntax boolean EMSinfo(struct EMSrecord *ems); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks if EMS is available, EMSinfo() determines the EMM version number and the total and available pages. This information is saved in the ems structure passed to EMSinfo(). This function is similar to isEMSavail() and EMSpages() Return value returns TRUE if EMS is available and no errors were encountered. On an error, FALSE is returned and ems->emserror will contain the error code. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), EMSGetStatus(), isEMSavail(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { struct EMSrecord ems; if (EMSinfo(&ems)) { printf("EMM version id: %X\n", ems.version); printf("Total pages: %u\n", ems.totalpages); printf("Avail pages: %u\n", ems.availpages); } else /* error */ printf("EMM error code %X\n", ems.emserror); } TCHK 2.1 Page 104 Function EMSpages - determines the total and available amount of pages of EMS memory Syntax boolean EMSpages(struct EMSrecord *ems); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks EMSpages() determines the total and available amount of pages of EMS memory. This information is saved in the ems structure passed to EMSpages(). Return value returns TRUE if no errors were encountered. On an error, FALSE is returned and ems->emserror will contain the error code. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), EMSGetStatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSwarmbootprep() TCHK 2.1 Page 105 Function EMSwarmbootprep - prepares the EMM for warm boot Syntax int EMSwarmbootprep(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks EMSwarmbootprep tells the Expanded Memory Manager to prepare for a warm boot. Return value returns the EMM error code. If no errors occurred, zero is returned. See ibm.h for a list of EMM error codes. Note this function is available under EMM 4.0 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), EMSGetStatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSpages() TCHK 2.1 Page 106 Function endstri - get offset to last char of a string Syntax #include <stringhk.h> (int) endstri(s) Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks gets an offset to the last character of a string. This function is a macro. Strings of length 0 will produce unpredictable results. Return value returns an int offset to the last character in the string s. See also endstri() TCHK 2.1 Page 107 Function endstrp - get pointer to last char of a string Syntax #include <stringhk.h> (char *) endstrp(s) Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks gets a pointer to the last character of a string. This function is a macro. Strings of length 0 will produce unpredictable results. Return value returns a pointer to the last character in the string s. See also endstri() TCHK 2.1 Page 108 Function expandfilespec - expand a filespec into a full DOS filepathname Syntax char *expandfilespec(char *filespec, char *dest); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks expandfilespec will take a DOS filespec (optional drive, optional path, optional file name) and expand it into a full filepathname, consisting of drive, path and file name. Any information needed to make a fully explicit filepathname (d:\path\filename.exe) not provided by filespec will be retrieved as the current drive and path, with the filename.ext wildcarded appropriately. dest must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory large enough to hold the full filepathname (d:\path\filename.ext). expandfilespec() relies on parsefilename() to break s into its respective parts (drive, path and filename.) Thus, any restrictions applying to parsefilename() also apply to getfilespec(). Return value returns dest. See also getfilespec(), isdir(), parsefilename(), parsefnameext() TCHK 2.1 Page 109 Function Extendedtotal - total Extended memory installed Syntax int Extendedtotal(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks detects the total amount of Extended memory installed. Return value returns the total Extended memory installed, in Kbytes. Note you should check for the presence of Extended memory with isExtended() before using this function. Calling Extendedtotal() when no Extended memory is present can lead to unpredictable results. See also isExtended() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Total Extended Memory is %dK\n", Extendedtotal()); } TCHK 2.1 Page 110 Function factorial - determines a factorial (n!) Syntax double factorial(int n); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks factorial returns n! (1*2*3*...*n). Traditionally seen as a recursive function used to illustrate recursion, factorial is done with a loop, using no recursion. Return value returns n factorial (n! = 1*2*3*...*n). If n <= 1, factorial returns 1. If the result of n! is larger than MAXDOUBLE (the largest value a double can store, defined in Borland's LIMITS.H), factorial return zero. See also summation() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double f; if ((f = factorial(13)) == 0) printf("Error computing 13!\n"); else printf("13! = %15.0lf\n",factorial(13)); } Program output 13! = 6227020800 TCHK 2.1 Page 111 Function fileexist - does a file exist Syntax boolean fileexist(char *filename); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks checks if a file entry exists. The string filename should be a standard DOS filename, with optional drive and/or path. Files with hidden or system attributes will not be found (searches are done via findfirst() with 0 as an attribute byte). Wildcards (*,?) are supported. This function does not harm the dta. The dta is modified by this function, but restored before returning. Return value returns TRUE if filename exists, FALSE if filename does not exist. If an error occurs, FALSE will be returned and Borland's variable errno will contain the error code. See also isdir() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char fname[] = "a:\tchks.lib"; printf("%s is ",fname); if (! fileexist(fname)) printf("not "); printf("found\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 112 Function fname_match - compare filenames w/wildcards Syntax int fname_match(char *fname1, char *fname2); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks compares filename fname1 to fname2 with wildcard matching (*,?). Case is irrelevant. Return value return a value < 0 if fname1 is less than fname2 = 0 if fname1 is the same as fname2 > 0 if fname1 is greater than fname2 Note fname_match() compares strings just like DOS does (or at least DOS 3.2, the one I work under.) Thus: "STR*.*" = "str*.*" "str.d*" = "StR.DZ" "str" = "str.c" Very little error checking is done. If an invalid filename is passed (i.e. more than 12 characters long) unpredictable results may occur. See also fncmp() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char a[12], b[12]; int cmp; strcpy(a,"stringhk.c"); strcpy(b,"?TRI*"); printf("%s ",a); if ((cmp = fname_match(a,b)) == 0) printf("="); else if (cmp < 0) printf("<"); else printf(">"); printf(" %s\n",b); } Program output stringhk.c = ?TRI* TCHK 2.1 Page 113 Function fncmp - compare filenames w/wildcards Syntax int fncmp(char *fname1, char *fname2); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks compares filename fname1 to fname2 with wildcard matching (*,?). Case is irrelevant. Return value return a value < 0 if fname1 is less than fname2 = 0 if fname1 is the same as fname2 > 0 if fname1 is greater than fname2 In fact, if the value returned is 1 or -1, the compare failed during the filename portion, and if 2 or -2 is returned, the compare failed during the extension portion. Note fncmp() compares strings just like DOS does (or at least DOS 3.2, the one I work under.) Thus: "STR*.*" = "str*.*" "str.d*" = "StR.DZ" "str" = "str.c" Very little error checking is done. If an invalid filename is passed (i.e. more than 12 characters long) unpredictable results may occur. See also fname_match() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char a[12], b[12]; int cmp; strcpy(a,"stringhk.c"); strcpy(b,"?TRI*.cc"); printf("%s ",a); cmp = fncmp(a,b); printf("Compare: %s %s Yields: %d\n", a,b,cmp); } Program output Compare: stringhk.c ?TRI*.cc Yields: -2 TCHK 2.1 Page 114 Function frac - round the fractional portion of a real Syntax double frac(double x); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks frac will return the fractional portion of x. Return value returns the fractional portion of x. See also round() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("frac(%lf) = %lf\n",-2.307, frac(-2.307)); Program output frac(-2.307) = -0.307 Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 115 Function fsgn - sign of a real Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) fsgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks fsgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macro fsign() is defined as fsgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also isgn(), lsgn() TCHK 2.1 Page 116 Function fulltoddate - convert a full date to struct Syntax struct ddate *fulltoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks fulltoddate converts a date from a full date format to the structure ddate format Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also see Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 117 Function FV - calculate the Future Value of a single amount Syntax double FV(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks FV calculates the Future Value of a single amount given the present value of the principal, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the future value of a single amount. See also FVa(), PMT(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.1 Page 118 Function FVa - calculate the Future Value of an annuity Syntax double FVa(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks FVa calculates the Future Value of an annuity given the amount of each payment, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the future value of an annuity. See also FV(), PMT(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.1 Page 119 Function getAssignmemseg - get ASSIGN work area segment Syntax unsigned getAssignmemseg(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the segment of the ASSIGN work are. Return value returns the segment of the ASSIGN work area. See also isAssignavail() TCHK 2.1 Page 120 Function getBootBlock - get Boot Block Syntax boolean getBootBlock(int drive, struct BootBlock *BB) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Boot Block for the disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. BB must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBootBlock4(), getBPB() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { struct BootBlock BB; if (getBootBlock(0,&BPB)) printf("Got it"); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 121 Function getBootBlock4 - get Boot Block under DOS 4.x. Syntax boolean getBootBlock4(int drive, struct BootBlock4 *BB4) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Boot Block for the disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. BB must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. This function only works for DOS versions 4.x and later. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBootBlock(), getBPB(), getVolSerialNum() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { struct BootBlock4 BB4; if (getBootBlock4(0,&BPB4)) printf("Got it"); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 122 Function getBPB - get Bios Parameter Block Syntax boolean getBPB(int drive, struct BIOSParmBlock *BPB); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Bios Parameter Block for the disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. BPB must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBootBlock(), getBootBlock4() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { struct BIOSParmBlock BPB; if (getBPB(0,&BPB)) printf("Got it"); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 123 Function getc_match - get specific input, case dependent Syntax char getc_match(boolean output, char *match); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getc_match accepts character input (via getk()) until one of the characters in the string match in entered, case dependent ('a' != 'A'). Extended keys never match (F10 will never be a match.) If output = TRUE, the character is echoed to the screen via putk(). Return value returns the key pressed. See also getc_match(), getk(), getlogical(), getyn() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Enter your choice (abcdHJ): "); getc_match(1,"abcdHJ"); } Program output Enter your choice (abcdHJ): H TCHK 2.1 Page 124 Function getci_match - get specific input, case independent Syntax char getci_match(boolean output, char *match); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getci_match accepts character input (via getk()) until one of the characters in the string match in entered, case independent ('a' == 'A'). Extended keys never match (F10 will never be a match.) If output = TRUE, the character is echoed to the screen via putch(). Return value returns the key pressed. See also getc_match(), getk(), getlogical(), getyn() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Enter your choice (Q, X, F, D): "); getci_match(1,"QXFD"); } Program output Enter your choice (Q, X, F, D): f TCHK 2.1 Page 125 Function getcursor - gets cursor scan lines Syntax unsigned int getcursor(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the cursor scan lines via INT 0x10, Function 3. Return value returns the scan lines of the cursor, with the starting scan line in the high order byte and the ending scan line in the low order byte. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.1 Page 126 Function getdatehk - inputs a date from the keyboard Syntax char *getdatehk(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getdatehk inputs a date from the keyboard in the form xx-xx-xx. Only digits, space and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value if a valid date is entered, getdatehk returns a string in the form xx-xx-xx, otherwise NULL is returned. Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("What is today's date: "); if ((c = getdatehk()) != NULL) printf("Today is %s\n",c); } Program output What is today's date: 11-10-87 Today is 11-10-87 TCHK 2.1 Page 127 Function getdouble - inputs a double from the keyboard Syntax char *getdouble(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getdouble inputs a double from the keyboard. Only digits, decimal point, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. The maximum length of input is 25. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] [.] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits [.] = optional decimal point See also getint(), getreal() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me a double: "); c = getdouble(); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me a double: -1289.12003 Your input is -1289.12003 TCHK 2.1 Page 128 Function getfilespec - get a DIR proper filespec Syntax char *getfilespec(char *s); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks getfilespec parses a string pointed to by s for a file name. Any drive and path information is stripped from the string and the filename.ext is expanded with wildcards, as DIR does internally (i.e. c:tchk.lib has a filename.ext of tchk.lib amd c:tchk. has a filenameext of tchk., but c:tchk has a filename.ext of tchk.*). The original string s is modified. getfilespec() relies on parsefilename() to strip any drive and path information from s. Thus, any restrictions applying to parsefilename() also apply to getfilespec(). Return value returns a pointer to s. See also parsefilename(), parsefnameext(), resolvepath() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.1 Page 129 Function getfname - get a filename from the keyboard Syntax int getfname(byte row, byte col, char *returnstr, char *pattern, int argn, int argk[], char flags); Prototype in video.h Remarks getfname calls getget() asking for input of a length 12 string, at the coordinates (col,row), including pattern formatting and optional input exit keys listed in argk. If memory was allocated for returnstr, the string pointed to by returnstr is checked to see if it is a valid DOS filename. A valid filename must be of the form [filename] [.] [ext] and does not contain any of the following: [ ] ; , . / ? * : " + = - < > \ | If memory could not be allocated for the string, returnstr will be set to NULL. For more info on pattern and argk requirements, check the stats for getget(). Return value if memory could not be allocated for returnstr or the string pointed to by returnstr is not a valid filename, -1 is returned, otherwise the key used to exit the input is returned. See also getget() Example #include <filehk.h> #include <keycode.h> main() { char *fname; int keys[2]={ESC,F10}; /* ESC & F10 exit input */ gotoxy(0,0); printf("Enter file: "); if (getfname(0,13,fname,"!",2,keys) == -1) printf(" BAD FILENAME"); else printf(" valid filename"); } Program output TCHK 2.1 Page 130 Function getget - get a string from the keyboard w/editing Syntax int getget(int col, int row, char *returnstr, int size, char *pattern, int argn, int argk[], unsigned flags); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getget inputs a string at coordinates (col,row), of maximum length size, formatted according to pattern. Input ends when ENTER or one of the scan codes specified in argk[] in inputted. There are argn number of elements in argk[]. The string is returned in returnstr and the function returns the key code of the exiting key. Full feature editing of the string includes: Enter Ends input, exits function Backspace normal backspace Insert toggle inset/overwrite mode Delete delete character under cursor Left Arrow move cursor back 1 character Right Arrow move cursor forward 1 character Home move cursor to beginning of string End move cursor to end of string Ctrl-Y delete entire string Alt-Y delete string from cursor to end Ctrl-Right move cursor to beginning of next word Ctrl-Left move cursor to beginning of previous word Alt-U undo editing - restore initial string Here are the valid patterns: pattern format ------- ------ Types a Alphabetic A Alphabetic and capitalized D or d Date f DOS Filename F DOS Filename and capitalized h Hexadecimal H Hexadecimal and capitalized n Alphanumeric N Alphanumeric and capitalized p DOS Pathname P DOS Pathname and capitalized X Ascii (default) TCHK 2.1 Page 131 9 Numeric # Numeric and punctuation Modifiers ! convert to upper case . punctuation The flags modifier is a bit field of flags, as follows: xxxxxxxx UDJJBLRI where U = call _idle_get() after keyboard input D = free time slices under DESQview JJ = Justify (left, right, center) B = Bell L = trim Left side on exit R = trim Right side on exit I = start edit in Insert mode (as opposed to Overwrite mode) Input is done via the inkeydv() function if the DESQview free time slices flag is set, otherwise inkey(). After input is polled, if the user defined function flag is set (UDFIDLE) the function _idle_get is called. Currently, the definition of _idle_get is: int _idle_get(void) Possible uses for such a function is an onscreen clock, printing, or some other background task. In the future _idle_get() will receive releveant parameters from getget(). To define _idle_get as the user defined function int myfunction(void), try: _idle_get = (far *)myfunction; The full definition for _idle_get() is: int (far *_idle_get)(void); You should declare myfunction() as type int, with void parameters, and you should typecast the function as a far pointer when you assign it to _idle_get. Cursor sizes are determined via the global variables _cursorinsert and _cursoroverwrite. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. TCHK 2.1 Page 132 Return value returns the key code of the key causing the exit See also getstr(), inkey(), inkeydv() TCHK 2.1 Page 133 Function getint - inputs an integer from the keyboard Syntax char *getint(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getint inputs an integer from the keyboard. Only digits, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. the maximum length of input is 25. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits See also getdouble(), getreal() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me an integer: "); c = getint(); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me an integer: -1289 Your input is -1289 TCHK 2.1 Page 134 Function getk - get a key Syntax byte getk(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getk returns the ascii code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) zero is returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and getk will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the ascii code for the key pressed, from 1 to 255. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. Check the global variables key_status and key_extended to determine the shift key status and if the key is an extended one. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { extern boolean key_extended; byte c; c = getk(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", key_extended ? c+256 : c); } TCHK 2.1 Page 135 Function getlogical - get Yes/No Syntax char getlogical(int output); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getlogical waits for a True/False key (TtFfYyNn) to be pressed and then displays a message via putstr() according to output: output Message displayed ------ ----------------- 0 no message 1 T or F or Y or N 2 True or False or Yes or No getlogical is case independent. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns 'Y' or 'N' See also getc_match(), getci_match(), getk(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("This is good? "); getlogical(2); } TCHK 2.1 Page 136 Function getpw - inputs a password from the keyboard Syntax boolean getpw(int size, char *pw, char c); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inputs a string of maximum length size. Instead of displaying the character input the character c is displayed. The string input is stored in the memory pointed to by pw. Make sure pw points to an allocated piece of memory large enough to hold the input string or unpredictable results may occur. This function is useful for inputting passwords. Only printable characters (those passing the isprint() test), ENTER, ESC and Backspace are acceptable input. All other input is ignored. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns TRUE if ENTER terminated the input, FALSE if ESC terminated the input. See also getget() TCHK 2.1 Page 137 Function getreal - inputs a real from the keyboard Syntax char *getreal(int size, int decimal); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getreal inputs a real (double) from the keyboard. Only digits, decimal place, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. the maximum length of input is size and the maximum number of decimal places is decimal. When calculating size, you must leave enough room for decimal, plus the number of places of the leading integer, one for the decimal point and one for the leading sign. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] [.] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits [.] = optional decimal point See also getdouble(), getint() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me a real: "); c = getreal(8,2); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me a real: -1012.30 Your input is -1012.30 TCHK 2.1 Page 138 Function getstr - input a string from the keyboard Syntax char *getstr(int size, char *pattern); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getstr inputs a string from the keyboard, of maximum length size, given a format pattern. See getget() for a list of format modifiers. The only other valid keys are backspace and ENTER. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getget() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *f, *l, *s, *c; printf("First name: "); f = getget(10,"A"); printf("Last name: "); l = getget(20,"a"); printf("SS#: "); s = getget(8,"9"); printf("Comments: "); c = getget(60,""); } Program output First name: HOWARD Last name: kapustein SS#: 123456789 Comments: The empty quotes defaults to X. TCHK 2.1 Page 139 Function GetTypePointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface: Get Device Id Syntax int GetTypePointDevice(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks GetTypePointDevice() will get the device id of the pointing device. Return value returns the device id on success and -1 on failure. The success code is stored in Borland's global variable errno. Here are the possible error values: 0x00 Success 0x01 Invalid function 0x02 Invalid input 0x03 Interface error 0x04 Need to resend 0x05 No device handler installed Because the device id is returned, you should cross check any returned value of -1 with errno to insure the function did fail. Only if -1 is returned AND errno != 0 did the function fail. Note This function is only available on PS/2 machines or under DESQview 2.x. See also ResetPointDevice(), SetPointDevice(), SetRatePointDevice(), SetResPointDevice() TCHK 2.1 Page 140 Function getVolSerialNum - get Volume Serial Number (DOS 4.x) Syntax boolean getVolSerialNum(int drive, unsigned long *serialnum); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Volume Serial Number for a disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. serialnum must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. This function only works for DOS versions 4.x and later. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBootBlock(), getBootBlock4(), getBPB() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { unsigned long serialnum; if (getVolSerialNum(&serialnum)) printf("Got it: %lu",serialnum); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 141 Function getyn - get Yes/No Syntax char getyn(int output); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getyn waits for a Y or N to be pressed and then displays a message via putstr() according to output: output Message displayed ------ ----------------- 0 no message 1 Y or N 2 Yes or No getyn is case independent. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns 'Y' or 'N' See also getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Is this OK? "); getyn(2); } TCHK 2.1 Page 142 Function gotohv - move cursor to absolute coordinates Syntax void gotohv(int h, int v); Prototype in video.h Remarks gotoxy puts cursor at absolute screen coordinates (h,v) via INT 0x10, Service 2. The top left corner of the screen is referred to by (0,0). This is NOT the same as Borland's gotoxy(). Borland's function is affected by the window() settings, whereas gotohv() is not. Return value nothing. See also read_cursor(), whereh(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(0,0); } TCHK 2.1 Page 143 Function Greg... - family of Gregorian date conversion functions Syntax double GregtoCal(char *greg); double GregtoCalCent(char *greg); double GregEurotoCal(char *greg); double GregEurotoCalCent(char *greg); double GregJaptoCal(char *greg); double GregJaptoCalCent(char *greg); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks GregtoCal converts Gregorian (US) dates to Calendar dates GregtoCalCent converts Gregorian (US) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) GregEurotoCal converts Gregorian (European) dates to Calendar dates GregEurotoCalCent converts Gregorian (European) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) GregJaptoCal converts Gregorian (Japan) dates to Calendar dates GregJaptoCalCent converts Gregorian (Japan) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) Return value GregtoCal, GregEurotoCal, GregJaptoCal return a Calendar date GregtoCalCent, GregEurotoCalCent, GregJaptoCalCent return a Calendar date (w/century) See also Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 144 Function horiz_line - draw a horizontal line Syntax void horiz_line(byte c, int len, int col, int row); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a horizontal line of characters c of length len beginning at (col,row) via INTerrupts, using the current char_attribute setting for color. Screen coordinates are absolute. horiz_line does no error checking on the passed parameters. Return value nothing. See also box(), vert_line() Example #include <video.h> main() { horiz_line('*',7,4,4); /* draw 7 *'s */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 145 Function initkeyvars - setup internal keyboard settings Syntax void initkeyvars(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks used to initialize internal variables used by several keyboard functions. The following variable assignments are made: _cursorinsert = CURSOR_HALFBLOCK; _cursoroverwrite = CURSOR_UNDERBAR; Return value nothing. See also getget() TCHK 2.1 Page 146 Function inkey - get a key Syntax int inkey(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkey returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkey will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkeyc(), inkeycdv(), inkeydv(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; c = inkey(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.1 Page 147 Function inkeyc - get a key, any alphabetics capitalized Syntax int inkeyc(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkeyc returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. Any letters detected are capitalized before being returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkeyc will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511, all letters are capitalized. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeycdv(), inkeydv(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; c = inkeyc(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.1 Page 148 Function inkeycdv - get a key, any alphabetics capitalized, DESQview aware Syntax int inkeycdv(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkeycdv returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. Any letters detected are capitalized before being returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkeyc will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) When running under DESQview, inkeydv() will free up time slices while waiting for a keypress. DESQview is detected by the variable _dvmajor not equal to zero. DESQversion() should be invoked sometime before using inkeydv(). Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511, all letters are capitalized. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h DESQversion(), getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc(), inkeydv(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <multihk.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; DESQversion(); c = inkeycdv(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.1 Page 149 Function inkeydv - get a key, DESQview aware Syntax int inkeydv(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkeydv returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkeydv will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) When running under DESQview, inkeydv() will free up time slices while waiting for a keypress. DESQview is detected by the variable _dvmajor not equal to zero. DESQversion() should be invoked sometime before using inkeydv(). Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h DESQversion(), getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc(), inkeycdv(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <multihk.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; DESQversion(); c = inkeydv(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.1 Page 150 Function intlen - calculate length of integer in a string Syntax int intlen(char *number); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks intlen calculates the length of an integer in the string number. The integer is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) This function is used internally by strcomma. Return value the length of the integer pointed to by number. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ #include <alloc.h> /* for the calloc */ main() { char *sint[15]; int len; strcpy(sint,"1839.44"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); strcpy(sint,"19,848"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); strcpy(sint,"44x993"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); } Program output String: 1839.44 Length of integer: 4 String: 19,848 Length of integer: 2 String: 44x993 Length of integer: 2 TCHK 2.1 Page 151 Function InsLock - set the Insert key state Syntax void InsLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Insert key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), NumLock(), SrollLock() TCHK 2.1 Page 152 Function is2nd8259 - is a 2nd 8259 chip installed Syntax int is2nd8259(void) Prototype in ibm.h Remarks is2nd8259() detects if a 2nd 8259 chip is installed. Return value returns 1 if a 2nd 8259 chip is installed, 0 if it is not, and -1 if this function is not supported. Note the 1/10/86 XT BIOS returns an incorrect value for this function, so if the machine is an IBM XT or compatible with a BIOS date of 1/10/86, do not use this function. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("2nd 8259 chip: "); switch (is2nd8259()) { case -1: printf("Error"); break; case 0: printf("No"); break; case 1: printf("Yes"); break; } TCHK 2.1 Page 153 Function isallalpha - are all characters in string alphabetic Syntax boolean isallalpha(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks checks if all characters in str are alphabetic. Return value returns TRUE if all characters in str are alphabetic, FALSE otherwise. See also isallalphanum(), isalllower(), isallupper() TCHK 2.1 Page 154 Function isallalphanum - are all characters in string alphanumeric Syntax boolean isallalphanum(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks checks if all characters in str are alphanumeric. Return value returns TRUE if all characters in str are alphanumeric, FALSE otherwise. See also isallalpha(), isalllower(), isallupper() TCHK 2.1 Page 155 Function isalllower - are all characters in string lower case Syntax boolean isalllower(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks checks if all characters in str are lower case. Return value returns TRUE if all characters in str are lower case, FALSE otherwise. See also isallalpha(), isallalphanum(), isallupper() TCHK 2.1 Page 156 Function isallupper - are all characters in string upper case Syntax boolean isallupper(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks checks if all characters in str are upper case. Return value returns TRUE if all characters in str are upper case, FALSE otherwise. See also isallalpha(), isallalphanum(), isalllower() TCHK 2.1 Page 157 Function isAnarkey - is ANARKEY.COM by Steven Calwas installed Syntax boolean isAnarkey(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if ANARKEY.COM is installed (command line recall programm by Steven Calwas) Return value returns TRUE if Anarkey is installed, FALSE otherwise. Note The default function number used by Anarkey is 0xE3. However, the function number used by Anarkey can be changed by the Anarkey user at runtime. This function assumes that the function number used by Anarkey is 0xE3. If Anarkey is using a different function number, isAnarkey() will not perform reliably. Refer to the Anarkey documentation for further details. Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("Anarkey is "); if (! isAnarkey()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 158 Function isAppendavail - is APPEND installed Syntax boolean isAppendavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if APPEND is installed. Return value returns TRUE if APPEND is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also isAssignavail(), isShareAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("APPEND is "); if (! isAppendavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 159 Function isAssignavail - is ASSIGN installed Syntax boolean isAssignavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if ASSIGN is installed. Return value returns TRUE if ASSIGN is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also getAssignmemseg(), isAppendavail(), isShareAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("ASSIGN is "); if (! isAssignavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 160 Function isAutoPark - is AUTOPARK.COM by Alan D. Jones installed Syntax boolean isAutoPark(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if AutoPark.COM installed (resident hard disk parker by Alan D. Jones) Return value returns TRUE if is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also setAutoPark() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("AutoPark is "); if (! isAutoPark()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 161 Function isBlogical - is drive B: logical Syntax boolean isBlogical(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if drive B: is logical or physical Return value returns TRUE if drive B: is logical, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Drive B: is "); if (isBlogical()) printf("logical\n"); else printf("physical\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 162 Function isBREAKon - check Ctrl-BREAK flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> isBREAKon(); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks the state of the Ctrl-BREAK flag. The BREAK status flag can be set from DOS by BREAK ON or BREAK OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the break flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. See also isVERIFYon(), setBREAK(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("BREAK flag is "); if (! isBREAKon()) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 163 Function iscdevicemoderaw - is character device in "raw" mode Syntax int iscdevicemoderaw(int handle); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks iscdevicemoderaw() detects if character device associated with handle is in "cooked" or "raw" mode. In cooked mode, DOS performs some translation of characters, while in raw mode no translation is performed. Return value iscdevicemoderaw returns: 1: raw mode 0: cooked mode -1: error If there was an error, Borland's variable errno will contain the error code as follows: 1 function number invalid 4 no handle available 5 access denied 6 handle invalid or not open 13 data invalid See also isdrivelocal(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isRedirectStdout(), isremoveable(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 164 Function isCEDavail - is CED installed Syntax boolean isCEDavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if CED installed Return value returns TRUE if is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also CEDadd(), CEDremove() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("CED is "); if (! isCEDavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 165 Function isCGA - is Color Graphics adapter installed isEGA - is Enhanced Graphics adapter installed isHerc - is Hercules Graphics adapter installed isMDA - is Monochrome adapter installed ismono - is monochrome display iscolor - is color display Syntax boolean isMDA(void); boolean isCGA(void); boolean isEGA(void); boolean isHerc(void); #include <video.h> ismono() iscolor() Prototype in video.h Remarks is...() check if a video adapter is present. ismono() checks if the display is mono. iscolor() checks if the display is color. The ismono() and iscolor() are macros. Use them if you wish to check what attributes to use (underline or red?) and use the adapter functions (isEGA, etc.) for adapter specific tests. Return value these functions return TRUE if the video adapter or type, as the case may be, is present. Otherwise they return FALSE. See also video.h Example #include <video.h> main() { if (ismono()) /* monochrome */ if (isHerc()) printf("Hercules"); else printf("MDA"); else /* color */ if (isEGA()) printf("EGA"); else printf("CGA"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 166 Function isdate - character classification Syntax boolean isdate(int c); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks determines if a character is valid for a date. Only the following characters are allowed: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - / Return value returns true if c is a valid date character, FALSE otherwise. TCHK 2.1 Page 167 Function isdir - is a FAT entry a subdirectory Syntax boolean isdir(char *fspec); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks checks if a FAT entry is a valid subdirectory. The string fspec should be in the following format: [d:][path]filename.ext[\] where d: = optional drive letter path = optional path filename.ext = the name of the FAT entry you want to check fspec may optionally have a \ at the end Wildcards (*,?) are NOT supported and always cause isdir to return FALSE. This function does not harm the dta. The dta is modified by this function, but restored before returning. Return value returns TRUE if fspec is a subdirectory, FALSE if fspec does not exist or is not a subdirectory. See also fileexist() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char dirname[] = "a:\util\"; printf("%s is ",dirname); if (! isdir()) printf("not "); printf("a subdirectory\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 168 Function isDoubleDOS - is DoubleDOS installed Syntax boolean isDoubleDOS(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks detects if Double DOS is running. Return value returns TRUE if Double DOS is running, FALSE otherwise. See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isInvisible() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Double DOS is "); if (! isDoubleDOS()) printf("not "); printf("installed"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 169 Function isdrivelocal - is drive local or remote Syntax int isdrivelocal(int drive); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks isdrivelocal() detects if a drive determined by drive, where 0=default, 1=A, 2=B, etc. is local (Microsoft Networks) or remote (redirected to server). isdrivelocal requires DOS 3.x+ Return value isdrivelocal returns: 0: remote 1: local -1: error If there was an error, Borland's variable errno will contain the error code as follows: 1 function number invalid 4 no handle available 5 access denied 13 data invalid 15 drive number invalid See also iscdevicemoderaw(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isRedirectStdout(), isremoveable(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 170 Function isDriverSys - is DRIVER.SYS installed Syntax unsigned char isDriverSys(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if DRIVER.SYS is installed. Return value returns one of the following values: 0x00 - not installed, OK to install 0x01 - not installed, not OK to install 0xFF - installed Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("DRIVER.SYS is "); if (isDriverSys() != 0xFF) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 171 Function isEMSavail - is EMS available Syntax boolean isEMSavail(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if EMS is installed. Return value returns TRUE if EMS is present, otherwise FALSE. See also ibm.h EMSGetStatus(), EMSinfo(), EMSpages(), EMMversion(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("EMS is "); if (! isEMSavail()) printf("not "); printf("available\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 172 Function isEnhanceKbd - is an enhanced keyboard installed Syntax boolean isEnhanceKbd(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if the keyboard is enhanced (102 keys or 101 in Europe). Does your keyboard have F11 and F12? If so, it's an enhanced keyboard. Return value returns TRUE if an enhanced keyboard is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Keyboard is "); if (isEnhanceKbd()) printf("enhanced\n"); else printf("old style (85 keys)\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 173 Function iseven - is a number even Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (boolean) iseven(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks iseven checks if x is even (evenly divisible by 2). This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if x is even, otherwise FALSE. See also isodd() TCHK 2.1 Page 174 Function isExtended - is Extended memory installed Syntax boolean isExtended(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if Extended memory is installed. Return value returns TRUE if Extended memory is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also Extendedtotal() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Extended memory is "); if (! isExtended()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 175 Function isfilename - character classification Syntax boolean isfilename(int c); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks determines if a character is valid for a DOS filename. The following characters are NOT allowed: : ; , = + tab space < > | / \ " [ ] Return value returns true if c is a valid DOS filename character, FALSE otherwise. Note This function checks if a character is legal for a DOS filename.ext. Use ispathname() to check for a valid DOS pathname character. See also ispathname() TCHK 2.1 Page 176 Function isgameport - is a game port installed Syntax boolean isgameport(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if a game port is installed. Return value returns TRUE if a game port is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also joystickAx(), joystickAy(), joystickBx(), joystickBy(), joysticksettings() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Game port is "); if (! isgameport()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 177 Function isgn - sign of an integer Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) isgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks isgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macros sgn() and sign() are defined as isgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also fsgn(), lsgn() TCHK 2.1 Page 178 Function ishandlelocal - is handle local or remote Syntax int ishandlelocal(int handle); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks ishandlelocal() detects if a handle is local (Microsoft Networks) or remote (redirected to server). ishandlelocal requires DOS 3.x+ Return value ishandlelocal returns: 0: remote 1: local -1: error If there was an error, Borland's variable errno will contain the error code as follows: 1 function number invalid 4 no handle available 5 access denied 6 handle invalid or not open 13 data invalid See also iscdevicemoderaw(), isdrivelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isRedirectStdout(), isremoveable(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 179 Function isHiliteable - can a menu command be hilighted Syntax boolean isHiliteable(char cmdtype, unsigned flagparms); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks determines if a menu command can be hilighted. This function is used internally by several menu functions. Return value TRUE if the menu command can be hilighted, FALSE otherwise. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h TCHK 2.1 Page 180 Function isInvisible - is this the invisible program under Double DOS Syntax boolean isInvisible(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks detects if the current program is the invisible program under Double DOS. Return value returns TRUE if the current program is the invisble program under Double DOS, FALSE otherwise. See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isDoubleDOS() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("This program is "); if (! isInvisible()) printf("not "); printf("the invisible program"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 181 Function isleapyear - is a year a leap year Syntax boolean isleapyear(int checkyear); Prototype in datehk.h (isleapyear) Remarks checks if checkyear is a leap year (29 days in February.) Return value returns TRUE if checkyear is a leap year, FALSE otherwise. See also valid_date() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { int year; /* assign some value to year */ printf("year %d is ",year); if (! isleapyear(year)) printf("not "); printf("a leap year\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 182 Function isMCA - is the bus Micro Channel Architecture Syntax int isMCA(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks isMCA() detects if the bus is Micro Channel Architecture. Return value returns 1 if the bus is Micro Channel Architecture, 0 if it is not, and -1 if this function is not supported. Note the 1/10/86 XT BIOS returns an incorrect value for this function, so if the machine is an IBM XT or compatible with a BIOS date of 1/10/86, do not use this function. See also machine_id(), ROM_date(), ROM_id() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("BUS type: "); switch (isMCA()) { case -1: printf("Error"); break; case 0: printf("PC"); break; case 1: printf("MCA"); break; } TCHK 2.1 Page 183 Function ismouse - is a mouse installed Syntax boolean ismouse(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks ismouse() detects if a mouse is installed, and if so, how many buttons it has. If a mouse is installed, _mouse1 will contain the returned AX register (is a mouse installed), and _mouse2 will contain the number of buttons on the mouse (BX register), as follows: -1 = 2 buttons 3 = Mouse Systems mouse 0 = other than 2 buttons Return value returns TRUE if a mouse is installed, FALSE otherwise. Note This function will also reset the mouse if one is installed. See also MGetVerType(), MouseReset() Example #include <mousehk.h> main() { extern int _mouse2; printf("mouse: "); if (ismouse()) switch (_mouse2) { case -1: printf("2 buttons"); case 3: printf("Mouse Systems"); case 0: printf("!= 2 buttons (3?)"); } else printf("not installed"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 184 Function isNetwork - is a network installed Syntax boolean isNetwork(void); Prototype in network.h Remarks checks if a network is installed. Return value returns TRUE if a network is installed, FALSE otherwise. Note this function requires DOS 3.1+ Example #include <network.h> main() { printf("A network is "); if (! isNetwork()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 185 Function isNLSFuncCom - is NLSFUNC.COM installed Syntax unsigned char isNLSFuncCom(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if NLSFUNC.COM is installed. Return value returns one of the following values: 0x00 - not installed, OK to install 0x01 - not installed, not OK to install 0xFF - installed Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("NLSFUNC.COM is "); if (isNLSFuncCom() != 0xFF) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 186 Function isNovellNetavail - is Novell Network installed Syntax boolean isNovellNetavail(void); Prototype in network.h Remarks checks if a Novell network is installed. Return value returns TRUE if a Novell network is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <network.h> main() { printf("Novell network is "); if (! isNovellNetavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 187 Function isodd - is a number odd Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (boolean) isodd(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks isodd checks if x is odd (not evenly divisible by 2). This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if x is odd, otherwise FALSE. See also iseven() TCHK 2.1 Page 188 Function ispathname - character classification Syntax boolean ispathname(int c); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks determines if a character is valid for a DOS pathname. The following characters are NOT allowed: ; , = + tab space < > | / " [ ] Return value returns true if c is a valid DOS pathname character, FALSE otherwise. Note This function checks if a character is legal for a DOS pathname. Use isfilename() to check for a valid DOS filename.ext character. See also isfilename() TCHK 2.1 Page 189 Function ispcAnywhere - is pcAnywhere installed Syntax boolean ispcAnywhere(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks determines if pcAnywhere is installed. Return value returns TRUE if pcAnywhere is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also SetpcAnywhere() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("pcAnywhere is "); if (! ispcAnywhere()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 190 Function isPRINTavail - is PRINT.COM installed Syntax int isPRINTavail(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks detects if PRINT.COM is installed. Return value returns PRINT_ERROR if DOS 3.1 or greater is not being used, otherwise returns PRINT_OK, PRINT_NOOK or PRINT_INSTALLED, depending on the current status. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 191 Function isPM - the the hour AM or PM Syntax #include <timehk.h> (boolean) isPM(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks determines if hr in 24-hour army time is AM or PM. Return value returns TRUE if hr is noon (12) or later or FALSE if hr is AM. See also time_convert(), to24hour(), tohour() TCHK 2.1 Page 192 Function isrealtimeclock - is a real time clock installed Syntax int isrealtimeclock(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks isrealtimeclock() detects if a real time clock is installed. Return value returns 1 if a real time clock is installed, 0 if it is not, and -1 if this function is not supported. Note the 1/10/86 XT BIOS returns an incorrect value for this function, so if the machine is an IBM XT or compatible with a BIOS date of 1/10/86, do not use this function. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("real time clock: "); switch (isrealtimeclock()) { case -1: printf("Error"); break; case 0: printf("No"); break; case 1: printf("Yes"); break; } TCHK 2.1 Page 193 Function isRedirectStdin - is stdin redirected Syntax boolean isRedirectStdin(void); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks isRedirectStdin() detects if standard input (stdin) is redirected. Return value isRedirectStdin returns TRUE if standard input (stdin) is redirected, FALSE otherwise. See also iscdevicemoderaw(), isdrivelocal(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdout(), isremoveable(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 194 Function isRedirectStdout - is stdout redirected Syntax boolean isRedirectStdout(void); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks isRedirectStdout() detects if standard output (stdout) is redirected. Return value isRedirectStdout returns TRUE if standard output (stdout) is redirected, FALSE otherwise. See also iscdevicemoderaw(), isdrivelocal(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isremoveable(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 195 Function isremoveable - is device removeable Syntax int isremovable(char drive); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks isremoveable() detects if a device determined by drive, where 0=default, 1=A, 2=B, etc. is removeable (i.e. Bernouli boxes) or fixed (i.e. hard drives). isremoveable requires DOS 3.x+ Return value isremoveable returns: 0: removeable 1: fixed 15: invalid drive -1: error If there was an error, Borland's variable errno will contain the error code. See also iscdevicemoderaw(), isdrivelocal(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isRedirectStdout(), setcdevicemode() TCHK 2.1 Page 196 Function isScrnSav2 - is SCRNSAV2.COM by Alan Ballard installed Syntax boolean isScrnSav2(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if ScrnSav2.COM is installed (screen saver for PS/2s w/VGA by Alan Ballard) Return value returns TRUE if SCRNSAV2.COM is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("ScrnSav2 is "); if (! isScrnSav2()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 197 Function isShareavail - is SHARE installed Syntax boolean isShareavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if SHARE is installed. Return value returns TRUE if SHARE is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also isAppendavail(), isAssignAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("SHARE is "); if (! isShareavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 198 Function isstate - is string a state abbreviation Syntax boolean isstate(char *state); Prototype in statehk.h Remarks isstate() looks up the state abbreviation given in States[]. The search is case independent Return value returns TRUE if found, otherwise FALSE. Note in addition to the 50 states, the following are also recognized: CZ - Canal Zone DC - District of Columbia GU - Guam PR - Puerto Rico VI - Virgin Islands See also statehk.h iszip(), stateindex() Example #include <statehk.h> { printf("AL is "); if (!isstate("AL")) printf("NOT "); printf("a valid state abbreviation\n"); } Program output AL is a valid state abbreviation TCHK 2.1 Page 199 Function isVERIFYon - check VERIFY flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> isVERIFYon() Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks the state of the verify flag. The VERIFY status flag can be set from DOS by VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the verify flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. See also isBREAKon(), setBREAK(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("VERIFY flag is "); if (! isVERIFYon()) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 200 Function isVidclock - is VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin installed Syntax boolean isVidclock(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin is installed. Return value returns TRUE if VIDCLOCK.COM is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("VidClock is "); if (! isVidclock()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 201 Function isWhoa - is WHOA!.COM by Brad Crandall installed Syntax boolean isWhoa(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if WHOA!.COM is installed (system slow-down utility by Brad Crandall). Return value returns TRUE if WHOA!.COM is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also setWhoa(), uninstallWhoa() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("Whoa! is "); if (! isWhoa()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 202 Function iswildcarded - checks a string for DOS wildcards Syntax boolean iswildcarded(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks checks if the DOS wildcard characters *,? are contained in str. Return value returns TRUE * or ? is in str, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char filename[] = "TCHK*.LIB"; printf("%s is ",filename); if (!iswildcarded(filename)) printf("NOT "); printf("wildcarded"); } Program output TCHK*.LIB is wildcarded TCHK 2.1 Page 203 Function isXMSinstalled - is XMS installed Syntax boolean isXMSinstalled(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if the eXtended Memory Specification driver HIMEM.SYS or some compatibile is available. At this time, HIMEM 2.06 is the latest version. Return value returns TRUE if XMS is available, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <doshk.h> main() { printf("XMS is "); if (! isXMSinstalled()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 204 Function iszip - is a zip code valid for a state Syntax boolean iszip(char *state, char *zip); Prototype in statehk.h Remarks iszip() checks if a zip code is valid for the state given by its abbreviation. See isstate for valid state abbreviations. Currently, iszip() requires the zip code to be a string, which is internally converted to a long via atol(). This was done to provide potential future expansion to support non-numeric zip codes (i.e. Canada, etc.) in the future. Return value returns TRUE if the zip code is valid for the state given. If the state abbreviation is not valid, or the zip code is not valid for the state, FALSE is returned. Note For Canal Zone (CZ), any zip code will return as valid. I could not determine the range of valid zip codes for the Canal Zone. See also statehk.h isstate(), stateindex() Example #include <statehk.h> { printf("11554 is "); if (!iszip("NY","11554")) printf("NOT "); printf("a valid zip code for NY\n"); } Program output AL is a valid state abbreviation TCHK 2.1 Page 205 Function joystickAx - read joystick input Ax Syntax unsigned joystickAx(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks reads the joystick input Ax. Return value returns the joystick input Ax. See also isgameport(), joystickAy(), joystickBx(), joystickBy(), joysticksettings() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { while (inkey(FALSE) == 0) { printf("Joystick Inputs\n"); printf("A: (%u,%u)\n",joystickAx(), joystickAy()); printf("B: (%u,%u)\n",joystickBx(), joystickBy()); } } Program output continuously polls joystick inputs and displays their values until a key is pressed. TCHK 2.1 Page 206 Function joystickAy - read joystick input Ay Syntax unsigned joystickAy(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks reads the joystick input Ay. Return value returns the joystick input Ay. See also isgameport(), joystickAx(), joystickBx(), joystickBy(), joysticksettings() Example See joystickAx(). TCHK 2.1 Page 207 Function joystickBx - read joystick input Bx Syntax unsigned joystickBx(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks reads the joystick input Bx. Return value returns the joystick input Bx. See also isgameport(), joystickAx(), joystickAy(), joystickBy(), joysticksettings() Example See joystickAx(). TCHK 2.1 Page 208 Function joystickBy - read joystick input By Syntax unsigned joystickBy(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks reads the joystick input By. Return value returns the joystick input By. See also isgameport(), joystickAx(), joystickAy(), joystickBx(), joysticksettings() Example See joystickAx(). TCHK 2.1 Page 209 Function joysticksettings - read joystick switch settings Syntax char joysticksettings(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks reads the joystick switch settings. Return value returns the joystick switch settings. See also isgameport(), joystickAx(), joystickAy(), joystickBx(), joystickBy() TCHK 2.1 Page 210 Function Jul... - family of Julian date conversion functions Syntax double JultoCal(double jul); double JultoCalCent(double jul); char *JultoGreg(double jul); char *JultoGregEuro(double jul); char *JultoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *Jultoddate(double jul); double JulAtoCal(double jul); double JulAtoCalCent(double jul); char *JulAtoGreg(double jul); char *JulAtoGregEuro(double jul); char *JulAtoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *JulAtoddate(double jul); double JulBtoCal(double jul); double JulBtoCalCent(double jul); char *JulBtoGreg(double jul); char *JulBtoGregEuro(double jul); char *JulBtoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *JulBtoddate(double jul); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks Jul.toCal converts a Julian date to Calendar date Jul.toCalCent converts a Julian date to Calendar date (w/century) Jul.toGreg... converts a Julian date to the appropraite Gregorian date Jul.toddate converts a Julian date to struct ddate Return value Jul.toCal return a Calendar date Jul.toCalCent return a Calendar date (w/century) Jul.toGreg.. return the appropriate Gregorian date Jul.toddate return a struct ddate See also Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 211 Function keyclick - turn on key click Syntax void keyclick(boolean on); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks keyclick() will enable or disable key clicking depending on the value of the parameter on. Return value nothing. Note This function only works on the PC Convertible and PCjr. TCHK 2.1 Page 212 Function leftstr - return the left portion of a string Syntax char *leftstr(char *source, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks leftstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart LEFT$(). leftstr returns the left part of a string. Return value leftstr returns the leftmost len characters of source. If the length of source is less than len, the entire string is returned. leftstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also midstr(), rightstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *l; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); l = leftstr(msg,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",l); } Program output This is another test This an TCHK 2.1 Page 213 Function litebar_alloc - allocate memory for a litebar menu Syntax struct litebar_header *litebar_alloc(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char *frame, char *title, int titlejustify, int count, char *command[], int cmdleft[], int cmdright[], int cmdup[], int cmddown[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int cmdx[], int cmdy[], char *message[], int msgx, int msgy, int argq, int quitkey[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int colmessage, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks litebar_alloc creates a litebar menu with the following information: Coordinates of the frame of the litebar menu are (left,top) to (right,bottom), the border, if any, is made up of the 9 or 11 chars in frame (0 to 8 or 10) as per boxwindow(), with an optional title on the top edge of the menu border, justified left, right or center (see howard.h for more details). If frame == NULL there will be no border. If titlejustify = NONE there will be no title, or pre-/post-title separators. Unlike the popup menus, a count parameter is required, specifiying how many commands there are. The command array is a list of strings or text to be displayed on the screen. The cmdleft, cmdright, cmdup and cmddown parameters are lists of where the respective key will move the hilite bar. These values should correspond to an index of the command[], with the exception noted below. For example, if the hilite bar is on command[0] and you wish the right arrow to move to command[10], then cmdright[0] = 10. The exception is when an arrow is to be disabled. Specifying a -1 as a direction element will disable that direction for that command (i.e. at command[0] to make the left arrow do nothing, then cmdleft[0] = -1.) Each command can have a hotkey associated with it, denoted by the appropriate cmdkey[]. The 'hotkey' is actually a one-touch key, instantly moving to and selecting a choice. The cmdkey value is an TCHK 2.1 Page 214 offset into the command string. For example, a command "Edit" with a hotkey of the "E" would have a cmdkey value of 0 (an offset from the beginning of the command). A command without a hotkey has a cmdkey value of -1. Each command has an appropriate cmdflag field. A command may be either: ENABLED - a valid choice DISABLED - displayed, but not selectable NOTOPTION - not a command (static text) These are defined in menuhk.h. Other values may cause unpredictable results. The cmdx and cmdy arrays are lists of where the commands should be displayed, respective to the box. This is in a 'windowing' sense. If the box coordinates are (10,10) to (20,20) and you wish something to appear at the physical coordinates (12,10) then (cmdx,cmdy) for the proper command should be (2,0). This is an exception to the normal coordinate system beginning at (1,1). In a litebar menu, the 'border' is not excluded from the display output and can be written over (this is true regardless of whether or not a frame is displayed.) TCHK litebar menus can display a message for each command as it is hilited, much like Lotus style menus. This message is optional, and if the appropriate message[] is not NULL, it will be displayed at (msgx,msgy). If the message[] element is NULL, no message will be displayed. These coordinates are relative to the menu coordinates, just as cmdx and cmdy are. A list of key codes that cause immediate return of the user selection of the menu are in the quitkey list, consisting of argq elements. The following colors are used: colframe - frame around menu (if any) coltitle - title (if any) colnorm - enabled commands colcmdkey - hotkey in command colhilite - currently hilited option coldisable - disabled options coldishilite - disabled and currently hilited colnotopt - static text (NOTOPTION) colmessage - message (if any) TCHK 2.1 Page 215 defaultcommand is the command initially hilited. If an invalid command is chosen (the command is static text, or does not exist, etc.) the first valid command is the default. flags is a 2-byte bit field of flags QEFxxxxH UDIRCEDW where Q = Quit after selection E = ESC means quit F = Free memory on quit H = Hierarchial menu (not implemented yet) U = call _idle_menu() after keyboard input D = free time slices under DESQview I = cmdkeys are case Independent R = Restore cursor before returning C = don't hide Cursor E = Erase menu on free/cleanup D = Disabled not hiliteable W = Wraparound Briefly, Quit will restore the display to the state it was in before the litebar menu was called (settextinfo(), etc.). With E, if ESC is pressed the menu is removed, for any other selection no cleanup is done (unless Q is specified). Free memory on quit calls litebar_free() after a selection is made. Hierarchial menus are not implemented yet. Keys are input via inkey(), inkeyc(), inkeydv() or inkeycdv(), depending on case Independency and freeeing time slices under DESQview. When litebar_get() is called, the cursor is hidden unless C is given. The cursor is unhidden only if R is given. E will cause the menu to be erased from the screen if quitting. Disabled commands are normally selectable, unless D is on. Wraparound allows the selecting hilite bar to wrap over the top and under the bottom. After input is polled, if the user defined function flag is set (UDFIDLE) the function _idle_menu is called. Currently, the definition of _idle_menu is: int _idle_menu(void) Possible uses for such a function is an onscreen clock, printing, or some other background task. In the future _idle_menu() will receive releveant TCHK 2.1 Page 216 parameters. To define _idle_menu as the user defined function int myfunction(void), try: _idle_menu = (far *)myfunction; The full definition for _idle_menu() is: int (far *_idle_menu)(void); You should declare myfunction() as type int, with void parameters, and you should typecast the function as a far pointer when you assign it to _idle_menu. Return value allocates and returns a pointer to a litebar header structure if the menu was successfully created, otherwise returns NULL if an error occurred. litebarerrno will have the following values: 0 success 1 error, could not allocate litebar header 2 error, could not allocate videosave 3 error, could not allocate menusave 4 error, invalid title justification 5 error, could not allocate popup field 7 error, no menu item enabled (no commands) 8 error, could not allocate quit keylist Note The litebar_header structure contains important information about the menu, including pointers to linked lists for the fields, saved video displays, etc. I strongly advise that you don't even think of modifying this information yourself. Let the litebar...() functions handle it for you. These functions have been developed and used over a period of several months, programs and conditions which proves them to be virtually bug free. If you really want to mess with them yourself, feel free. But I certainly wouldn't want to attempt it. Modifying these functions even with the source code is a headache. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.1 Page 217 Function litebar_free - frees memory allocated by a litebar menu Syntax void litebar_free(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks frees all memory allocated to a litebar menu. Return value nothing. Note see litebar_alloc() See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.1 Page 218 Function litebar_get - get user's choice from a litebar menu Syntax int litebar_get(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks litebar_get does the actual prompting the user for input. The following keys can be used to navigate in the menu: Up, Down, Move select bar to another Left, Right command, as per parms to litebar_alloc(). See litebar_alloc() for more details. ENTER Select the hilited option ESC Abort in addition to any cmdkeys and quitkeys. Other actions may be taken before returning from this function, according to the flags for the menu. See litebar_alloc() for more details. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit. If an command was chosen, litebar_get() returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). If a quitkey was hit, the return value will be the key code for the quitkey, plus 1000 (i.e. Ctrl-Z, key code 26, as a quitkey will return 1026 when it is hit.) See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.1 Page 219 Function litehilite - hilite a litebar menu command Syntax void litehilite(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a litebar menu command in the hilited color via Borland's console i/o. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litemessage(), liteunlite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno TCHK 2.1 Page 220 Function litemessage - change the message for a litebar menu Syntax void litemessage(struct litebar_header *lh, int len); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks changes the message for a litebar menu. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), liteunlite(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno TCHK 2.1 Page 221 Function liteunlite - unhilite a litebar menu command Syntax void liteunlite(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a litebar menu command in its unhilited color(s). This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), menu_litebar() litebarerrno TCHK 2.1 Page 222 Function longtodostime - convert 1/100 seconds to DOS time Syntax struct time longtodostime(long t); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks this function will convert the time from a long value of the time in 1/100s of a second to a DOS time structure. Return value returns the time as a DOS time structure. See also dostimetolong() TCHK 2.1 Page 223 Function lpow - raise a base to an exponent Syntax long lpow(long base, int exponent); Prototype in real.h Remarks lpow() calculates base raised to the exponent power. If base is zero or exponent is negative (lpow() does not handle either of these cases), it is treated as a singularity error (_rmatherror = RSING). Underflow and overflow are trapped with the appropriate error value in _rmatherror. Return value returns zero if an error occurred, with an appropriate error value in _rmatherror, otherwise the calculated value (non-zero). Note This function is called internally by several simulated FP functions. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. See also real.h _rmatherror TCHK 2.1 Page 224 Function lsgn - sign of a long integer Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) lsgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks lsgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macro lsign() is defined as lsgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also fsgn(), isgn() TCHK 2.1 Page 225 Function ltrim - trims leading blanks Syntax char *ltrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks remove leading blanks in a string. The string passed to ltrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("ltrim [%s]\n",ltrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] ltrim [Hello everyone ] TCHK 2.1 Page 226 Function machine_id - determine machine type Syntax int machine_id(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks identifies the machine by use of the ROM byte and model byte (available through a DOS call.) Return value returns a code number depending on the machine type. See ibm.h for more details. Note This function cannot differentiate between a PS/2 Model 25 and PS/2 Model 30. However, the Model 30 has a hard drive, the Model 25 has none. For now the Model 30 return code means the presence of a Model 30 or a Model 25. The PS/2 Model 70 cannot currently be identified properly. Also, the Portable PC cannot be 100% identified through this function. Aside from the ROM byte (which is identical to the XT) I don't know of any distinguishing criteria. Anyone have ideas? See also ibm.h cpu_id(), ndp_id(), ROM_date(), ROM_id() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Machine ID() code = %d\n", machine_id()); } Program output Machine ID code = 1 /* on my PC */ TCHK 2.1 Page 227 Function MButtonPress - mouse button press data Syntax int MButtonPress(int button); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines button press information for the given button, where the parameter button is 0 for the left button, 1 for the right button, and 2 for the middle button (Mouse Systems mouse). _mouse1 is a bit field xxxxxxxx xxxxxMRL where M = middle button pressed R = right button pressed L = left button pressed _mouse2 contains the number of times the specified button has been pressed since the last call. the specified button was last pressed at the coordinate (_mouse3,_mouse4) Return value returns the number of times the button has been pressed since the last call. See also MButtonRelease(), MButtonStatus() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 228 Function MButtonRelease - mouse button release data Syntax int MButtonRelease(int button); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines button release information for the given button, where the parameter button is 0 for the left button, 1 for the right button, and 2 for the middle button (Mouse Systems mouse). _mouse1 is a bit field xxxxxxxx xxxxxMRL where M = middle button released R = right button released L = left button released _mouse2 contains the number of times the specified button has been released since the last call. the specified button was last released at the coordinate (_mouse3,_mouse4) Return value returns the number of times the button has been released since the last call. See also MButtonPress(), MButtonStatus() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 229 Function MButtonStatus - mouse position and button status Syntax int MButtonRelease(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines mouse position and button status information. _mouse2 is a bit field xxxxxxxx xxxxxMRL where M = middle button pressed R = right button pressed L = left button pressed the mouse is at the coordinate (_mouse3,_mouse4) Return value returns the mouse button status information (see _mouse2 above). See also MButtonPress(), MButtonRelease() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 230 Function MCursorGraphic - define graphic cursor Syntax void MCursorGraphic(int hotx, int hoty, char *bitmap); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks defines the mouse cursor used in graphic mode. The hotx and hoty parameters are the x and y coordinates of the hot spot in the bitmap (-16 to 16). The parameter bitmap is a pointer to a graphic cursor bitmap, comprising of a 16 word screen mask and a 16 word cursor mask (64 bytes in total). See Appendix E for more details. Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorOn(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorRangey(), MGotoxy(), MCursorText() Example see Appendix E see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 231 Function MCursorOff - turns off (hide) the mouse cursor Syntax void MCursorOff(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks turns the mouse cursor off (hides the mouse cursor). This function is nestable, so multiple calls to MCursorOff() to hide the mouse cursor will require multiple calls to MCursorOn() to unhide it. Return value nothing. See also MCursorOn(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorRangey(), MCursorText(), MGotoxy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 232 Function MCursorOn - turns on (show) the mouse cursor Syntax void MCursorOn(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks turns the mouse cursor on (shows the mouse cursor). Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorRangey(), MCursorText(), MGotoxy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 233 Function MCursorRangex - define horizontal cursor range Syntax void MCursorRangex(int left, int right); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks defines the minimum and maximum x-coordinates the mouse may move to. Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorOn(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangey(), MCursorText(), MGotoxy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 234 Function MCursorRangey - define vertical cursor range Syntax void MCursorRangey(int top, int bottom); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks defines the minimum and maximum y-coordinates the mouse may move to. Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorOn(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorText(), MGotoxy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 235 Function MCursorText - define text cursor Syntax void MCursorText(boolean usehardware, int parm1, int parm2); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks defines the mouse cursor used in text mode. If usehardware is TRUE, parm1 is the screen mask and parm2 is the cursor mask. Otherwise, parm1 is the starting scan line and parm2 is the ending scan line. If the software cursor is selected, the character/attribute data at the current screen position is ANDed with the screen mask and then XORed with the cursor mask. Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorOn(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorRangey(), MGotoxy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 236 Function MDriverSize - get driver storage requirements Syntax unsigned int MDriverSize(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines the size of a buffer needed to store the driver state. Return value returns the size of a buffer needed to store the driver state. See also MGetDriver(), MPutDriver() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 237 Function memory_strategy - get/set memory alloc strategy Syntax int memory_strategy(boolean read, int *strategy); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks this function will get or set the memory allocation strategy. The variable read determines whether the function will read or write (get or set) the strategy value stored at *strategy. Return value returns zero if successful (and *strategy is the strategy being used) or, if an error occurs, the error code (in which case the value in *strategy is meaningless.) Note this function requires DOS 3.xx. See also ibm.h Example #include <ibm.h> #define GET TRUE /* read */ #define SET FALSE /* write */ main() { int memstrat; if (memory_strategy(GET,&memstrat) != MEM_STRAT_BEST) memory_strategy(SET,MEM_STRAT_BEST); } /* Bad, no error checking done. When you document 100+ functions, you write the best code, don't you? */ TCHK 2.1 Page 238 Function MEmulateLightpenOff - mouse light pen emulation off Syntax void MEmulateLightpenOff(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks turns off mouse emulation of a light pen. Return value nothing. See also MEmulateLightpenOn() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 239 Function MEmulateLightpenOn - mouse light pen emulation on Syntax void MEmulateLightpenOn(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks turns on mouse emulation of a light pen. Return value nothing. See also MEmulateLightpenOff() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 240 Function menu_litebar - litebar style menu Syntax int menu_litebar(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char *frame, char *title, int titlejustify, int count, char *command[], int cmdleft[], int cmdright[], int cmdup[], int cmddown[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int cmdx[], int cmdy[], char *message[], int msgx, int msgy, int argq, int quitkey[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int colmessage, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks an all-in-one function, menu_litebar() is equivalent to calling litebar_alloc(), litebar_get() and litebar_free(), with the flags Quit, Erase menu, case Independent and Wraparound. See litebar_alloc() and litebar_get for more details about parameters and menu keys. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit, otherwise returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). Note Use litebarpopup() when you want a one-shot menu, and the litebar...() functions when you plan on keeping the menu on the screen for multiple choices (perhaps when overlaying submenus). See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), isHiliteable(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.1 Page 241 Function menu_popup - popup style menu Syntax int menu_popup(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[], char *title, int titlejustify, char *command[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks an all-in-one function, menu_popup() is equivalent to calling popup_alloc(), popup_get() and popup_free(), with the flags Quit, Erase menu, case Independent and Wraparound. See popup_alloc() and popup_get for more details about parameters and menu keys. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit, otherwise returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). Note Use menu_popup() when you want a one-shot menu, and the popup...() functions when you plan on keeping the menu on the screen for multiple choices (perhaps when overlaying submenus). See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.1 Page 242 Function MGetDisplayPage - get mouse display page number Syntax unsigned MGetDisplayPage(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks gets the mouse display page number. Return value returns the mouse display page number. See also MSetDisplayPage() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 243 Function MGetDriver - save mouse driver state Syntax void MGetDriver(char far *savebuffer); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks saves the driver state in the memory location pointed to by savebuffer. Make sure savebuffer points to sufficient allocated memory to save the entire driver state or unpredictable results may occur. See MDriverSize() to determine the size needed to save the driver state. Return value nothing. See also MDriverSize(), MPutDriver() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 244 Function MGetSensitivity - get mouse sensitivity Syntax unsigned MGetSensitivity(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks gets the mouse sensitivity. _mouse2 is the horizontal mickey/pixel ratio, as used by MSetRatio(). _mouse3 is the vertical mickey/pixel ratio, as used by MSetRatio(). _mouse4 is the double speed threshold, as used by MSetThreshold(). Return value returns the double speed threshold. See also MSetRatio(), MSetSensitivity(), MSetThreshold() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 245 Function MGetVerType - get software version and mouse type Syntax unsigned int MGetVerType(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines the mouse software version and the mouse type. _mouse1 is the major version number of the mouse software _mouse2 is the minor version number of the mouse software _mouse3 is the type of mouse, where: 1 = bus 2 = serial 3 = InPort 4 = PS/2 5 = HP _mouse4 is the interrupt request line used by the mouse, where: 0 = PS/2 2..7 = IRQ2..IRQ7 Return value returns the version number in the form major/minor where the high byte is the major version number and the low byte is the minor version number. If an error occurred, 0xFFFF is returned and the mouse variables _mouse# (# = 1 to 4) are all set to 0. Note The global variables _mouse# do NOT return registers on a 1-to-1 basis for this function. Rather, _mouse1/_mouse2 form the BX register and _mouse3/_mouse4 form the CX register. Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 246 Function MGotoxy - position mouse cursor Syntax void MGotoxy(int x, int y); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks positions the mouse cursor at the coordinate (x,y). Return value nothing. See also MCursorOff(), MCursorOn(), MCursorGraphic(), MCursorRangex(), MCursorRangey(), MCursorText() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 247 Function mid - is a number within a range Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (boolean) mid(a,x,b) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks mid checks if x is between a and b, inclusive. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if x is between a and b, inclusive, otherwise FALSE. See also nmid() TCHK 2.1 Page 248 Function midstr - return the middle portion of a string Syntax char *midstr(char *source, int begin, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks midstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart MID$(). midstr returns the middle part of a string. Return value midstr returns the substring of source, using begin as the offset from the beginning to start the substring, for len characters. midstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also leftstr(), rightstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *m; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); m = midstr(msg,5,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",m); } Program output This is another test is anot TCHK 2.1 Page 249 Function MMickeysMovedx - number of mickeys mouse moved horizontally Syntax int MMickeysMovedx(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines the number of mickeys the mouse has moved horizontally since the last call. _mouse3 contains the number of mickeys the mouse has moved horizontally since the last call. _mouse4 contains the number of mickeys the mouse has moved vertically since the last call. Return value returns the number of mickeys the mouse has moved horizontally since the last call. Note positive values indicate down/right. See also MMickeysMovedy() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 250 Function MMickeysMovedy - number of mickeys mouse moved vertically Syntax int MMickeysMovedy(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks determines the number of mickeys the mouse has moved vertically since the last call. _mouse3 contains the number of mickeys the mouse has moved horizontally since the last call. _mouse4 contains the number of mickeys the mouse has moved vertically since the last call. Return value returns the number of mickeys the mouse has moved vertically since the last call. Note positive values indicate down/right. See also MMickeysMovedx() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 251 Function monthexpand - convert a month abbrev to its name Syntax char *monthexpand(int month); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks monthexpand returns the name of a month given its numeric abbreviation. monthexpand returns an element of a static char array, so you should not make any changes directly to the returned value, but rather copy the returned value to a safe piece of memory. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if the month given is invalid. See also Months[], MonthAbbr[] (global variables) Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { printf("Month 4 = %s\n",monthexpand(4)); } Program output Month 4 = April TCHK 2.1 Page 252 Function MouseReset - reset mouse software only Syntax boolean MouseReset(void); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks if a mouse is installed, MouseReset() will reset the mouse software only, leaving the mouse hardware alone. Unlike ismouse(), the number of buttons is not detected via this function, nor is the mouse itself reset, only the mouse software. Return value returns TRUE if a mouse is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also ismouse(), MGetVerType() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 253 Function MPutDriver - restore mouse driver state Syntax void MPutDriver(char far *savebuffer); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks restores the driver state from the memory location pointed to by savebuffer. Return value nothing. See also MDriverSize(), MGetDriver() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 254 Function MSetDisplayPage - set mouse display page number Syntax void MSetDisplayPage(unsigned page); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks sets the mouse display page number to the value of the parameter page. Return value nothing. See also MGetDisplayPage() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 255 Function MSetRatio - set mickey to pixel ratio Syntax void MSetRatio(int mickeyx, int mickeyy); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks sets the mickey to pixel ratio, where mickeyx is the number of mickeys per 8 pixels horizontally (default = 8) and mickeyy is the number of mickeys per 8 pixels vertically (default = 16). Return value nothing. See also MGetSensitivity(), MSetSensitivity(), MSetThreshold() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 256 Function MSetSensitivity - set mouse sensitivity Syntax void MSetSensitivity(int horiz, int vert, int dspeedthresh); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks sets the mouse sensitivity. The horiz and vert parameters set the mickey/pixel ratio, as per MSetRatio(), and the dspeedthresh parameter sets the double speed threshold, as per MSetThreshold(). Return value nothing. See also MGetSensitivity(), MSetRatio(), MSetThreshold() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 257 Function MSetThreshold - set double speed threshold Syntax void MSetThreshold(int speed); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks sets the double speed threshold in mickeys/second, according the the paramter speed. If speed == 0 a default threshold speed of 64 mickeys/second is used. When the mouse speed exceeds the threshold, the cursor's on-screen motion is doubled. Return value nothing. See also MGetSensitivity(), MSetRatio(), MSetSensitivity() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 258 Function MUpdateScreen - define screen region for updating Syntax void MUpdateScreen(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in mousehk.h Remarks defines a region of the screen to be updated, from the coordinates (left,top) to (right,bottom). Return value nothing. Note The mouse cursor is hidden during updating and must be explicitly turned on again (via MCursorOn()) to be visible. See also MCursorOn() Example see demomous.c TCHK 2.1 Page 259 Function ndp_id - identify the math coprocessor Syntax int ndp_id(void); Prototype in chiphk.h Remarks ndp_id does some opcode magic to identify the numerical data processor (math coprocessor as it's commonly called.) If a math coprocessor is present, ndp_id recognizes the 8087, 80287, and the 80387. ndp_id does not check dip switches but uses the recommended method of identifying a math chip by opcode instructions. Return value returns a value identifying the math coprocessor. See chiphk.h for further details. Note Other (not 8087, 287 or 387) chips will not be identified correctly. For some reason this function keeps crashing on my machine. Consider this function under works, not necessarily finished. If you figure out what the problem is, please let me know. I hope to have it bug free by the next release, but time is at a premium. See also cpu_id(), machine_id() TCHK 2.1 Page 260 Function nmid - is a number outside a range Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (boolean) nmid(a,x,b) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks nmid checks if x is less than a or greater than b. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if x is less than a or greater than b, otherwise FALSE. See also mid() TCHK 2.1 Page 261 Function NumLock - set the Num Lock key state Syntax void NumLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Num Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), InsLock(), ScrollLock() TCHK 2.1 Page 262 Function parsefilename - parses a filename, supports paths Syntax struct filespec *parsefilename(char *fspec); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks parsefilename parses a string pointed to by fspec for a file name. The file name is placed in a struct filespec as a drive, path, and filename.ext. Wildcards are supported. The struct filespec is returned as follows: drive NULL (\0) if not given, else drive letter path NULL string ("") if not given, else the path with a \ added to the end of the path string filename.ext NULL string ("") if no file name given, else a filename.ext as per standard DOS file names. The filename.ext is not expanded (i.e. c:tchk.lib has a filename.ext of tchk.lib, but c:tchk. has a filename.ext of tchk., and c:tchk has a filename.ext of tchk.). parsefilename is intelligent enough to know that c:. expands out to C:.\*.*, where . is a path. parsefilename is very similar to Borland's parsefnm(), except Borland's function does NOT handle paths, whereas parsefilename will (since parsefnm() is just a DOS call, and we all know who writes that wonderful operating system MS-DOS, don't we?) Limited error checking is performed, so beware. The string will be parsed properly, but errors due to long strings (i.e. strlen(fspec) > 100) and other miscellania can cause extensive damage due to pointer manipulations. Furthermore, an invalid string (i.e. C:\TC\;HK\Z.C) will not be treated as an error. The string is parsed from the beginning to look for a drive letter, and scanned from the right to the left, stopping at the first \. If a \ is found, everything to the right of it is considered the file name, everything to the left is the path (excluding the drive). You are responsible for making sure fspec is a valid DOS drive, path and file name. TCHK 2.1 Page 263 Return value parsefilename returns the DOS file name fspec broken down into drive, path and filename.ext. parsefilename returns a pointer to the storage location containing the struct filespec, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getfilespec(), parsefnameext(), resolvepath() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.1 Page 264 Function parsefnameext - parses a filename into name and extension Syntax struct fnameext *parsefnameext(char *filename); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks parsefnameext parses a string pointed to by filename into its elements, filename and extension. The struct fnameext is returned with the file name and extension as fixed length strings, padded with spaces as necessary. parsefnameext is useful for separating a DOS filename into its discrete parts. Return value parsefnameext returns the DOS file name filename broken down into the structure fnameext as the name and extension. parsefnameext returns a pointer to the storage location containing the struct fnameext, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getfilespec(), parsefilename(), resolvepath() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.1 Page 265 Function pause - wait for a time or until a keypress Syntax int pause(int wait); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks waits for a time, or until a key is pressed. Similiar to delay(), but can be aborted by a keypress. wait is given in 1/100s of a second Return value returns zero if the time elapsed, otherwise the scan code of the key pressed. TCHK 2.1 Page 266 Function PMT - calculate the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal Syntax double PMT(double principal, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PMT calculates the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal over some amount of periods. Return value returns the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal over an amount of periods. See also FV(), FVa(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.1 Page 267 Function popup_alloc - allocate memory for a popup menu Syntax struct popup_header *popup_alloc(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char *frame, char *title, int titlejustify, char *command[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks popup_alloc creates a popup menu with the following information: Coordinates of the frame of the popup menu are (left,top) to (right,bottom), the border is made up of the 9 or 11 chars in frame (0 to 8 or 10) as per boxwindow(), with an optional title on the top edge of the menu border, justified left, right or center (see howard.h for more details). The command array is a list of strings or text to be displayed on the screen. popup_alloc knows how many commands it needs by the size of the box, one per line (i.e. coordinates (1,1) to (10,5) would need 3 commands since there are 3 lines inside the popup box). Each command can have a hotkey associated with it, denoted by the appropriate cmdkey[]. The 'hotkey' is actually a one-touch key, instantly moving to and selecting a choice. The cmdkey value is an offset into the command string. For example, a command "Edit" with a hotkey of the "E" would have a cmdkey value of 0 (an offset from the beginning of the command). A command without a hotkey has a cmdkey value of -1. Each command has an appropriate cmdflag field. A command may be either: ENABLED - a valid choice DISABLED - displayed, but not selectable NOTOPTION - not a command (static text) These are defined in menuhk.h. Other values may cause unpredictable results. TCHK 2.1 Page 268 The following colors are used: colframe - frame around menu coltitle - title (if any) colnorm - enabled commands colcmdkey - hotkey in command colhilite - currently hilited option coldisable - disabled options coldishilite - disabled and currently hilited colnotopt - static text (NOTOPTION) defaultcommand is the command initially hilited. If an invalid command is chosen (the command is static text, or does not exist, etc.) the first valid command is the default. flags is a 2-byte bit field of flags QEFxxxxH UDIRCEDW where Q = Quit after selection E = ESC means quit F = Free memory on quit H = Hierarchial menu (not implemented yet) U = call _idle_menu() after keyboard input D = free time slices under DESQview I = cmdkeys are case Independent R = Restore cursor before returning C = don't hide Cursor E = Erase menu on free/cleanup D = Disabled not hilitable W = Wraparound Briefly, Quit will restore the display to the state it was in before the popup menu was called (settextinfo(), etc.). With E, if ESC is pressed the menu is removed, for any other selection no cleanup is done (unless Q is specified). Free memory on quit calls popup_free() after a selection is made. Hierarchial menus are not implemented yet. Keys are input via inkey(), inkeyc(), inkeydv() or inkeycdv(), depending on case Independency and freeeing time slices under DESQview. When popup_get() is called, the cursor is hidden unless C is given. The cursor is unhidden only if R is given. E will cause the menu to be erased from the screen if quitting. Disbaled commands are normally selectable, unless D is on. Wraparound allows the selecting hilite bar to wrap over the top and under the bottom. TCHK 2.1 Page 269 After input is polled, if the user defined function flag is set (UDFIDLE) the function _idle_menu is called. Currently, the definition of _idle_menu is: int _idle_menu(void) Possible uses for such a function is an onscreen clock, printing, or some other background task. In the future _idle_menu() will receive releveant parameters. To define _idle_menu as the user defined function int myfunction(void), try: _idle_menu = (far *)myfunction; The full definition for _idle_menu() is: int (far *_idle_menu)(void); You should declare myfunction() as type int, with void parameters, and you should typecast the function as a far pointer when you assign it to _idle_menu. Return value allocates and returns a pointer to a popup header structure if the menu was successfully created, otherwise returns NULL if an error occurred. popuperrno will have the following values: 0 success 1 error, could not allocate popup header 2 error, could not allocate videosave 3 error, could not allocate menusave 5 error, could not allocate popup field 6 error, could not allocate command string 7 error, no menu item enabled (no commands) Note The popup_header structure contains important information about the menu, including pointers to linked lists for the fields, saved video displays, etc. I strongly advise that you don't even think of modifying this information yourself. Let the popup...() functions handle it for you. These functions have been developed and used over a period of several months, programs and conditions which proves them to be virtually bug free. If you really want to mess with them yourself, feel free. But I certainly wouldn't want to attempt it. Modifying these functions even with the source code is a headache. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), TCHK 2.1 Page 270 pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.1 Page 271 Function popup_free - frees memory allocated by popup menu Syntax void popup_free(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks frees all memory allocated to a popup menu. Return value nothing. Note see popup_alloc() See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.1 Page 272 Function popup_get - get user's choice from a popup menu Syntax int popup_get(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks popup_get does the actual prompting the user for input. The following keys can be used to navigate in the menu: Up Arrow Move select bar up one option Down Arrow Move select bar down one option Home Move select bar to first option End Move select bar to last option ENTER Select the hilited option ESC Abort in addition to any cmdkeys. Other actions may be taken before returning from this function, according to the flags for the menu. See popup_alloc() for more details. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit, otherwise returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.1 Page 273 Function popup_restore - restore video from a popup menu Syntax void popup_restore(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks restores the display overlaid by a popup menu and appropriate display information. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.1 Page 274 Function popup_setcurrent - set internal popup menu information Syntax int popup_setcurrent(struct popup_header *ph, int current); Prototype in Remarks sets internal variables for a popup menu regarding the currently hilited item. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value returns return value for newly hilited command. IF there are no other selectable commands, returns -1. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.1 Page 275 Function pophilite - hilite a popup menu command Syntax void pophilite(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a popup menu command in the hilited color via Borland's console i/o. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.1 Page 276 Function popunlite - unhilite a popup menu command Syntax void popunlite(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a popup menu command in its unhilited color(s). This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h isHiliteable(), menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite() popuperrno TCHK 2.1 Page 277 Function print_screen - issue a PrintScreen Syntax int print_screen(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks issues a Print Screen command as if PrtSc were pressed. Return value returns zero if the PrtSc is done, a one if the PtrSc is in progress and 0xFF is an error occurred. See printhk.h for further information. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 278 Function PRINTadd - add a file to the print queue Syntax int PRINTadd(char *filename, int level); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks adds a file to the print queue. The filename may NOT have wildcards. The priority level is determined by level. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 279 Function PRINThold - hold print queue for status read Syntax int PRINThold(char far *queue); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks puts the print queue on hold and gets the status of the print queue. The parameter queue is a far pointer to a series of filename entries. Each entry is 64 bytes long and contains a null terminated string that is a file specification. The first file specification in the queue is the one currently being printed. The last slot in the queue is an empty string (the first byte is '\0'). The print queue will not resume until a PRINTresume() is issued. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 280 Function PRINTpurge - remove all files from print queue Syntax int PRINTpurge(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks removes all files from the print queue. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 281 Function PRINTremove - remove a file from print queue Syntax int PRINTremove(char *filename, int level); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks removes a file from the print queue. Wildcards are allowed, so multiple files may be removed from the queue with one call. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.1 Page 282 Function PRINTresume - resume printing after a PRINThold Syntax int PRINTresume(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks resumes printing from the print queue after a PRINTresume() has been issued. The print queue will not resume until a PRINTresume() is issued. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove() TCHK 2.1 Page 283 Function putk - put a character w/attribute on the screen Syntax void putk(byte c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putk puts character c on the screen at the cursor via INTerrupts. The cursor does NOT advance. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putsay(), putstr(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(12,40); putk('*'); } TCHK 2.1 Page 284 Function putsay - put a string with attribute on the screen Syntax void putsay(int col, int row, byte *c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putsay puts string c on the screen at location (col,row) via direct screen writes. It does retrace checking to prevent snow on CGA systems. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putstr(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { putstr(12,40,(byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 285 Function putstr - put string with attribute on the screen Syntax void putstr(byte *c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putstr puts string c on the screen at the cursor via INTerrupts. When finished the cursor will be 1 spot after the string. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putsay(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(12,40); putstr((byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 286 Function PV - calculate the Present Value of a single amount Syntax double PV(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PV calculates the Present Value of a single amount given the future value of the principal, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the present value of a single amount. See also FV(), FVa(), PMT(), PVa() TCHK 2.1 Page 287 Function PVa - calculate the Present Value of an annuity Syntax double PVa(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PVa calculates the Present Value of an annuity given the amount of each payment, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the present value of an annuity. See also FV(), FVa(), PMT(), PV() TCHK 2.1 Page 288 Function radd - add two REAL numbers Syntax struct REAL radd(struct REAL val, struct REAL sval, int precision); Prototype in real.h Remarks val and sval are added together. The result will have precision decimal places. See rsub() for more details. Return value returns val plus sval to the specified precision. See rsub() for further details. See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr rceil(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 289 Function rceil - rounds up Syntax long rceil(struct REAL rx); Prototype in real.h Remarks rceil finds the smallest integer not less than rx. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value rceil returns the integer found (as a long). See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr radd(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 290 Function rdiv - divide using REAL math Syntax struct REAL rdiv(long int numer, long int denom, int precision); Prototype in real.h Remarks rdiv divides numer by denom to precision decimal places, returning the quotient as a REAL. The actual value is calculated to precision+1 accuracy and rounded to precision accuracy. Errors, such as division by zero and requests for a quotient with a precision larger than the maximum precision allowed, are trapped and the returned structure's rint and rfrac values will be -1. If division by zero occurs, precision will be -1 and the error code will be RDIVBYZERO. If the precision requested is greater than the maximum allowed precision, precision will be set to MAXPRECISION and the error code will be RPLOSS. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value returns numer divided by denom as a REAL with precision decimal places. If an error occurred, the returned structure's values will all be -1 (rint, rfrac and precision) and _rmatherr will contain the error code. See also _rmatherr radd(), rceil(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 291 Function read_attrib - gets the attribute under the cursor Syntax byte read_attrib(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the attribute under the cursor via INT 0x10, Function 9. Return value returns the attribute under the cursor. See also read_char() TCHK 2.1 Page 292 Function read_char - gets the character under the cursor Syntax byte read_char(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the character under the cursor via INT 0x10, Function 9. Return value returns the character under the cursor. See also read_attrib() TCHK 2.1 Page 293 Function read_cursor - reads cursor information Syntax unsigned int read_cursor(int *row, int *col); Prototype in video.h Remarks reads the cursor location and scan lines via INTerrupts. Return value returns the scan lines of the cursor as a word, the high order byte the start and low order byte the end. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor(), whereh(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { int x,y; unsigned int scan; scan = read_cursor(&x,&y); printf("Scan start %d and end %d\n", scan&0xFF00, scan&0xFF); } Program output Scan start 6 and end 7 /* on CGA */ TCHK 2.1 Page 294 Function read_mode - find screen width, mode and page Syntax void read_mode(byte *width, byte *mode, byte *page); Prototype in video.h Remarks detects the screen width (number of columns,) video mode and video page via INT 0x10, Service 0x0F. Return value nothing. See also video.h set_mode() Example #include <video.h> main() { byte width, mode, page; read_mode(&width, &mode, &page); printf("# columns: %d Mode: %d Page: %d\n", width, mode, page); } Program output # columns: 80 Mode: 3 Page: 1 TCHK 2.1 Page 295 Function reboot - reboots the machine Syntax void reboot(boolean warmboot); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks calling this function will reboot your machine via the ROM reboot code located at F000:000. You can specify a warm or cold boot (like hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL or turning the power on.) Return value nothing. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { boolean bootstyle; /* set bootstyle */ reboot(bootstyle); } TCHK 2.1 Page 296 Function ResetPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface Reset Interface Syntax int ResetPointDevice(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks ResetPointDevice() will reset the pointing device interface. Return value returns the device id on success and -1 on failure. The success code is stored in Borland's global variable errno. Here are the possible error values: 0x00 Success 0x01 Invalid function 0x02 Invalid input 0x03 Interface error 0x04 Need to resend 0x05 No device handler installed Because the device id is returned, you should cross check any returned value of -1 with errno to insure the function did fail. Only if -1 is returned AND errno != 0 did the function fail. Note This function is only available on PS/2 machines or under DESQview 2.x. See also GetTypePointDevice(), SetPointDevice(), SetRatePointDevice(), SetResPointDevice() TCHK 2.1 Page 297 Function resolvepath - resolve a path to a fully qualified path Syntax char *resolvepath(char *str, char *buffer); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks resolvepath uses an internal DOS Function (0x60) only available under DOS 3.x (and probably later versions.) The path string is expanded into a fully qualified path with the results placed in buffer. Borland provides access to a similar function parsfnm() which calls a DOS function. However, parsfnm() can NOT handle paths (drive, filename and extension only.) Return value returns a pointer to buffer. See also getfilespec(), parsefilename(), parsefnameext() TCHK 2.1 Page 298 Function rfloor - rounds down Syntax long rfloor(struct REAL rx); Prototype in real.h Remarks rfloor finds the largest integer not greater than rx. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value rfloor returns the integer found (as a long). See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr radd(), rceil(), rdiv(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 299 Function rightstr - return the right portion of a string Syntax char *rightstr(char *source, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks rightstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart MID$(). rightstr returns the middle part of a string. Return value rightstr returns the rightmost len characters of source. If the length of source is less than len, the entire string is returned. rightstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also leftstr(), midstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *r; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); r = right(msg,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",r); } Program output This is another test er test TCHK 2.1 Page 300 Function rnegate - change sign Syntax struct REAL *rnegate(struct REAL *rx); Prototype in real.h Remarks rnegate changes the sign of rx. Since REALs are structures and not actual variables, you cannot simply say rx = -rx; Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value rnegate returns a pointer to the negated real rx. See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr radd(), rceil(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnormalize(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 301 Function rnormalize - fix precision Syntax void rnormalize(struct REAL *r1, struct REAL *r2); Prototype in real.h Remarks rnormalize normalizes the precision of the reals r1 and r2, such that both values have equal precision. Only the precision and fractional portion of the real adjusted will be modified. If _r_maximum is TRUE, the number with the smaller precision has its fractional portion extended to match the precision of the other real. If _r_maximum is FALSE, the number with the larger precision has its fractional portion truncated to match the precision of the other real. After returning, the global variables _r_maxpre and _r_minpre will contain the minimum and maximum precision of the reals r1 and r2 before any adjustments were made. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value nothing. See also _r_maximum, _r_maxpre, _r_minpre radd(), rceil(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rsign(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 302 Function ROM_date - gets the ROM id date Syntax byte ROM_date(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks finds the ROM id date at F000:FFF5 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also ibm.h machine_id(), ROM_id() Example #include <ibm.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("ROM BIOS date = %s",ROM_date()); } Program output ROM BIOS date = 06/10/85 TCHK 2.1 Page 303 Function ROM_id - gets the ROM id byte Syntax byte ROM_id(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks finds the ROM id byte at F000:FFFE Return value returns the ROM id byte Note on Compaq machines the ROM id byte is found at a memory location close to, but not at, F000:FFFE. Not having access to a Compaq, I did not include a check for this. Maybe a future version... See also ibm.h machine_id(), ROM_date() Example #include <ibm.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("ROM id byte = %X",ROM_id()); } Program output ROM id byte = FF TCHK 2.1 Page 304 Function round - round a real to a decimal place Syntax double round(double x, int n); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks round will round off a double to x amount of decimal places. Only zero or greater values are valid for n (non-zegative). No error checking is done. Return value returns x rounded to n decimal places. See also frac() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("Round %lf to %d places = %lf\n",2.307, 2,round(2.307,2)); Program output Round 2.307 to 2 places = 2.31 Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 305 Function rsign - determine the sign of a REAL number Syntax int rsign(struct REAL rx); Prototype in real.h Remarks rsign will determine the sign of rx. Zero is considered positive. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. Return value returns -1 if rx is negative, otherwise 1. See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr radd(), rceil(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsub() TCHK 2.1 Page 306 Function rsub - subtract two REAL numbers Syntax struct REAL rsub(struct REAL val, struct REAL sval, int precision); Prototype in real.h Remarks sval is subtracted from val. The result will have precision decimal places. See rsub() for more details. Return value returns sval minus val to the specified precision. If an error occurred, the returned structure's values will all be -1 (rint, rfrac and precision) and _rmatherr will contain the error code. Refer to the section SIMULATED FP MATH for further details. See also _r_minpre, _rmatherr radd(), rceil(), rdiv(), rfloor(), rnegate(), rnormalize(), rsign() TCHK 2.1 Page 307 Function rtrim - trims trailing blanks Syntax char *rtrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks removes trailing blanks in a string. The string passed to rtrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("rtrim [%s]\n",rtrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] rtrim [ Hello everyone] TCHK 2.1 Page 308 Function scrbuff - calculate size of screen buffer Syntax #include <video.h> scrbuff(l,t,r,b) Prototype in video.h Remarks this is really just a define to calculate the size of a buffer need by Borland's gettext() and puttext() functions. Return value returns the number of bytes needed to store a segment of screen from (l,t) to (r,b), with attributes. See also video.h TCHK 2.1 Page 309 Function scroll_down - scroll window down Syntax void scroll_down(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks scroll a box, delineated by the coordinates, down 1 line. A blank line will be inserted at the top, and the bottom line will be lost. The scrolling is done via INT 0x10, Function 7. Coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also scroll_up() Example #include <video.h> main() { scroll_down(0,0,4,79); /* scroll bottom 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 310 Function scroll_up - scroll window up Syntax void scroll_up(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks scroll a box, delineated by the coordinates, up 1 line. A blank line will be inserted at the bottom, and the top line will be lost. The scrolling is done via INT 0x10, Function 6. Coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also scroll_down() Example #include <video.h> main() { scroll_up(0,0,4,79); /* scroll top 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 311 Function ScrollLock - set the Scroll Lock key state Syntax void ScrollLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Scroll Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), InsLock(), NumLock() TCHK 2.1 Page 312 Function set_color - set the default attribute (color) Syntax void set_color(byte colors); Prototype in video.h Remarks set_color just sets the global variable char_attribute to colors. I got tired of declaring char_attribute as extern in every function that output to the screen, so I made this function. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putstr() Example #include <video.h> #include <color.h> main() { set_color(RED | B_WHITE | BLINK); /* red blinking text on white background */ gotoxy(12,40); putstr((byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 313 Function set_cursor - sets cursor scan lines Syntax #include <video.h> set_cursor(h,l) Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the cursor scan lines via setcursor(), passing h | l as the cursor scan code. This function is a macro. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), setcursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { set_cursor(0,7); } TCHK 2.1 Page 314 Function set_handles - set handle count Syntax int set_handles(int handles); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks sets the handle count via DOS Function 0x67. If more than 255 handles are specified (the maximum allowable) set_handle tries to set the handle count to 255. Return value returns zero if execution was successful, a nonzero error code otherwise. Note This function requires DOS 3.3+. Example #include <filehk.h> main() { set_handles(127); } TCHK 2.1 Page 315 Function set_mode - set the video mode Syntax void set_mode(byte mode); Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the video mode via INT 0x10, Service 0. Return value nothing. See also video.h read_mode() Example #include <video.h> main() { set_mode(3); /* text mode */ printf("# columns: %d Mode: %d Page: %d\n", width, mode, page); } Program output # columns: 80 Mode: 3 Page: 1 TCHK 2.1 Page 316 Function setAutoPark - set parking delay for AUTOPARK.COM Syntax void setAutoPark(unsigned long count); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks sets the parking delay for AUTOPARK.COM (resident hard disk parker by Alan D. Jones) as follows: count * 55ms timer ticks Return value nothing. See also isAutoPark() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { if (isAutoPark()) setAutoPark(1000lu); /* set delay to 55s (1000 * 0.055s = 55s) */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 317 Function setBREAK - set Ctrl-BREAK flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> boolean setBREAK(boolean break_status); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the state of the Ctrl-BREAK flag. The BREAK status flag can be set from DOS by BREAK ON or BREAK OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the break flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. Note the return value is based on the CURRENT setting. If you set the break flag, setBREAK will return what you set the flag to, not what the flag was set to before. See also isBREAKon(), isVERIFYon(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("BREAK flag was "); if (! setBREAK(TRUE)) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 318 Function setcdevicemoderaw - set character device mode Syntax int setcdevicemoderaw(int handle, boolean setraw); Prototype in doshhk.h Remarks setcdevicemoderaw() sets the mode for a character device associated with handle to "cooked" or "raw" mode. In cooked mode, DOS performs some translation of characters, while in raw mode no translation is performed. Return value setcdevicemoderaw returns the device's original mode settings as follows: 1: raw mode 0: cooked mode -1: error If there was an error, Borland's variable errno will contain the error code as follows: 1 function number invalid 4 no handle available 5 access denied 6 handle invalid or not open 13 data invalid See also iscdevicemoderaw(), isdrivelocal(), ishandlelocal(), isRedirectStdin(), isRedirectStdout(), isremoveable() TCHK 2.1 Page 319 Function setcursor - sets cursor scan lines Syntax void set_cursor(unsigned int cursor); Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the cursor scan lines via INT 0x10, Function 1. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { setcursor(7); } TCHK 2.1 Page 320 Function SetpcAnywhere - enable/disable pcAnywhere Syntax void SetpcAnywhere(boolean enabled); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks SetpcAnywhere() is used to enable or disable pcAnywhere, depending on the parameter passed. This function assumes pcAnywhere is installed. Return value nothing. See also ispcAnywhere() Example #include <doshk.h> #include <howard.h> /* for TRUE */ main() { printf("pcAnywhere is "); if (ispcAnywhere()) { SetpcAnywhere(TRUE); printf("enabled"); } else printf("not installed"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 321 Function SetPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface: Enable/Disable Pointing Device Syntax int SetPointDevice(boolean enable); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks SetPointDevice() will enable or disable the pointing device through the Pointing Device BIOS Interface, depending on the value of the parameter enable. Return value returns 0 on success and -1 on failure, with the error code stored in Borland's global variable errno. Here are the possible error values: 0x01 Invalid function 0x02 Invalid input 0x03 Interface error 0x04 Need to resend 0x05 No device handler installed Note This function is only available on PS/2 machines or under DESQview 2.x. See also GetTypePointDevice(), ResetPointDevice(), SetRatePointDevice(), SetResPointDevice() TCHK 2.1 Page 322 Function SetRatePointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface: Set Sampling Rate Syntax int SetRatePointDevice(unsigned char samplerate); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks SetRatePointDevice() will set the sampling rate defined by samplerate. The values of samplerate currently supported are: 0x00 10/second 0x01 20/second 0x02 40/second 0x03 60/second 0x04 80/second 0x05 100/second 0x06 200/second Return value returns 0 on success and -1 on failure, with the error code stored in Borland's global variable errno. Here are the possible error values: 0x01 Invalid function 0x02 Invalid input 0x03 Interface error 0x04 Need to resend 0x05 No device handler installed Note This function is only available on PS/2 machines or under DESQview 2.x. See also GetTypePointDevice(), ResetPointDevice(), SetPointDevice(), SetResPointDevice() TCHK 2.1 Page 323 Function SetResPointDevice - Pointing Device BIOS Interface: Set Resolution Syntax int SetResPointDevice(unsigned char countpermm); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks SetResPointDevice() will set the resolution based on the value of countpermm. The values of countpermm currently supported are: 0x00 1 count per mm 0x01 2 counts per mm 0x02 4 counts per mm 0x03 8 counts per mm Return value returns 0 on success and -1 on failure, with the error code stored in Borland's global variable errno. Here are the possible error values: 0x01 Invalid function 0x02 Invalid input 0x03 Interface error 0x04 Need to resend 0x05 No device handler installed Note This function is only available on PS/2 machines or under DESQview 2.x. See also GetTypePointDevice(), ResetPointDevice(), SetPointDevice(), SetRatePointDevice() TCHK 2.1 Page 324 Function settextinfo - set text mode video information Syntax void settextinfo(struct text_info *inforec); Prototype in video.h Remarks settextinfo sets the Borland internal text mode settings to the values in the text_info structure pointed to by inforec, in the following order: mode (via textmode()) window (via window()) attribute (via textattr()) cursor location (via gotoxy()) Only those settings needed to be modified are actually changed. This function does the exact opposite of gettextinfo(), and was designed to be used in conjunction with it. Do a gettextinfo() to save the current settings, do whatever, then restore the settings via settextinfo(). Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 325 Function setVERIFY - set VERIFY flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> boolean setVERIFY(boolean verify_status); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the state of the verify flag. The VERIFY status flag can be set from DOS by VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the verify flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. Note the return value is based on the CURRENT setting. If you set the verify flag, setVERIFY will return what you set the flag to, not what the flag was set to before. See also isBREAKon(), isVERIFYon(), setBREAK() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("VERIFY flag was "); if (! setVERIFY(TRUE)) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 326 Function setWhoa - set delay count for WHOA!.COM by Brad Crandall Syntax boolean setWhoa(unsigned int delaycount); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks sets the delay count for WHOA!.COM (system slow-down utility by Brad Crandall). The systems slows more as values for delaycount get larger. Return value returns TRUE if WHOA!.COM is successfully slowed, FALSE otherwise. See also isWhoa(), uninstallWhoa() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { if (isWhoa()) { printf("Whoa! is "); if (! setWhoa(100u)) printf("not "); printf("successfully slowed\n"); } else printf("Whoa! is not installed"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 327 Function shadow - draw a shadowed box Syntax void shadow(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[]); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a shadowed box at the coordinates (left,top) to (right,bottom). The coordinates will contain the box and any shadowing necessary. In the example below, the smallest value for bottom should be 3, which would draw: abbbbbbc gffffffe+ ++++++++ The characters in frame[] are used to generate the frame. Also, frame must be have at least 9 elements (char frame[9]). The box characters are frame[0] (top left) to frame[7] (left wall), going clockwise. If frame[8] != '\0' the box is filled with it. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. All coordinates are based on the actual screen (1,1 to width,height) and not the current window() setting. All shadowing uses _shadowchar and _shadowcolor to determine the character and color used. This function does virtually no error checking. Return value nothing. See also video.h _shadowstyle, _shadowchar, _shadowcolor box(), boxwindow() Example #include <video.h> main() { extern int _shadowstyle; extern char _shadowchar; char framebox[] = "abcdefgh"; _shadowstyle = SHADOW_R|SHADOW_BR|SHADOW_B; _shadowchar = '+'; shadow(1,1,9,5,framebox); } TCHK 2.1 Page 328 Program output abbbbbbc h d+ h d+ gffffffe+ ++++++++ TCHK 2.1 Page 329 Function shorttoddate - convert a short date to struct Syntax struct ddate *shorttoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks shorttoddate converts a date from a short date format to the structure ddate format Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also see Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.1 Page 330 Function soundex - convert a string to soundex form Syntax char *soundex(char *str, char *soundexstr); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks soundex() will convert a character string to soundex form (phonetic complement). The soundex form will always a be null terminated string 5 characters long. The first character of the soundex form will always be the first character in str (capitalized). The remaining 4 characters will be '0' to '5', using the following conventions: all non-alphabetic characters are ignored soundex() is case independent alphabetic characters are converted to a digit using the following table: 1 = BFPV 2 = CGJKQRSXZ 3 = DT 4 = L 5 = MN all others are ignored run lengths of characters are ignored (i.e. the 2nd 'r' in mirror) Processing ends when either str is fully processed, or the soundex string is 5 characters long (not including the null terminator). If str is fully processed, the soundex string will be padded with '0' to give it a length of 5. This function is based on the soundex algorithm published by Nicklaus Wirth. Return value returns soundexstr. Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char *str[] = {"Billy","bill", "mirror","marred", "Borland International" }; char temp[30]; int i; TCHK 2.1 Page 331 for (i=0; i<5; i++) printf("%s = %s",str[i], soundex(str,temp); } Program output Billy = B4000 bill = B4000 mirror = M2200 marred = M2300 Borland International = B2453 TCHK 2.1 Page 332 Function sqr - square of a value Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (type) sqr(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks sqr will calculate the square of x. This function is a macro. Return value returns the square of x. TCHK 2.1 Page 333 Function stateindex - get index for a given state Syntax int stateindex(char *state); Prototype in statehk.h Remarks stateindex() looks up the state abbreviation given in States[] and returns the index (array subscript). The compare is case independent Return value returns the index (array subscript) for the given state, if found. If not found, returns -1. Note see isstate() for the list of valid states See also statehk.h isstate(), iszip() Example #include <statehk.h> { printf("AL is subscript %d\n", stateindex("AL")); } Program output AL is subscript 0 TCHK 2.1 Page 334 Function stddev - calculate the standard deviation of a set of reals Syntax double stddev(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks variance calculates the standard deviation of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the standard deviation of a set of n numbers. See also average(), summation(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Std dev is %.9lf\n",stddev(3,num)); } Program output Std dev is 2.060339778 TCHK 2.1 Page 335 Function straight_line_dep - calculate straight line depreciation Syntax double straight_line_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, straight_line_dep will calculate the periodic deprecitation according to the straight line method of depreciation. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8.) The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the periodic depreciation in the same units as the cost, as per the straight line depreciation method. Note The macro SLD(c,s,l) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 336 Function strcapital - capitalizes the first letter of each word in a string Syntax char *strcapital(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strcapital capitalizes the first letter of each word in the string str. A word is defined an an alphabetic sequence of letters. The string passed to strcapital is modified. Return value returns str. TCHK 2.1 Page 337 Function strclean - remove non-printable ASCII codes Syntax char *strclean(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strclean removes any non-printable ASCII characters from the string str. Non-printable is defined as per the isprint() function. The string passed to strclean is modified. Return value returns str. TCHK 2.1 Page 338 Function strcomma - convert a string to xx,xxx,xxx format Syntax char *strcomma(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strcomma converts a string of numbers into the comma delimited format (xx,xxx,xxx). The number is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) A leading sign will be copied before converting the number. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the comma formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. See also strtocomma() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char sint[15], *comma; strcpy(sint,"12839.44"); comma = strcomma(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,comma); } Program output 12839.44 -> 12,839.44 TCHK 2.1 Page 339 Function strdel - delete part of a string Syntax char *strdel(char *source, char *old); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strdel deletes the first occurence of the string old from the string source. This function is case dependent. Return value returns source See also strins() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[45], fragment[15], *new; strcpy(msg,"Did you register yet? Did you?"); strcpy(fragment,"you"); printf(" [%s]\n",msg); printf("- [%s]\n",fragment); new = strdel(msg,fragment); printf("= [%s]\n",new); } Program output [Did you register yet? Did you?] - [you] = [Did register yet? Did you?] TCHK 2.1 Page 340 Function strfill - fill a string with a character Syntax char *strfill(char *str, char c, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strfill makes a string of c characters of count length. Similar to strrep(), strfill() uses an existing piece of memory pointed to by str. Functions like strnset set a piece of memory with a character, but do not make it a valid C string (null terminated.) Return value returns the pointer passed to strfill. See also strrep() TCHK 2.1 Page 341 Function strins - insert one string into another Syntax char *strins(char *source, char *new, char *ptr); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strins inserts the string new into the string source at the location ptr in source. Basically, strins copies source up to, but not including, ptr into a new location, concatenates the new (inserted) string, and then concatenates the remainder of source (the string pointed to by ptr.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly concatenated string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. See also strdel() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char old[25], *ptr, *new; strcpy(old,"ABCDEFG"); ptr = old + 3; /* *ptr = 'D' */ new = strins(old,"abc",ptr); printf("%s -> %s\n",old,new); } Program output ABCDEDFG -> ABCabcDEFG TCHK 2.1 Page 342 Function stroccur - count the occurences of a substring within a string Syntax int stroccur(str *str, char *substr); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks stroccur counts the number of times the string substr appears with the string str. Return value returns the number of times the string substr appears within the string str. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char original[] = "This is his test"; printf("%d\n",stroccur(original,"is")); } Program output 3 TCHK 2.1 Page 343 Function strpadleft - pad the left of a string Syntax char *strpadleft(char *str, char c, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks str will be padded on the left with len characters of c. Make sure space allocated for str is big enough to hold the new padded string. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly padded string. See also strpadright() Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char temp[30]; strcpy(temp,"This is a sample."); printf("Before: %s\n",temp); printf(" After: %s\n",strpadleft(temp,'.',3)); } Program output Before: This is a sample. After: ...This is a sample. TCHK 2.1 Page 344 Function strpadright - pad the right of a string Syntax char *strpadright(char *str, char c, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks str will be padded on the right with len characters of c. Make sure space allocated for str is big enough to hold the new padded string. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly padded string. See also strpadleft() Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char temp[30]; strcpy(temp,"This is a sample."); printf("Before: %s\n",temp); printf(" After: %s\n", strpadright(temp,'?',3)); } Program output Before: This is a sample. After: This is a sample.??? TCHK 2.1 Page 345 Function strrep - replicate a char Syntax char *strrep(char c, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strrep creates a string len long entirely of character c. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly replicated string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also strfill() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char *rep; printf("%s\n",rep = strrep('k',7)); } Program output kkkkkkk TCHK 2.1 Page 346 Function strshleft - shift string left Syntax void strshleft(char *source, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strshleft shifts the characters in the string source left count places, padding with spaces. Return value returns source. See also strshright() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25]; strcpy(msg,"Buy a Mac II"); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",strshleft(msg,4)); } Program output Buy a Mac II a Mac II TCHK 2.1 Page 347 Function strshright - shift string right Syntax void strshright(char *source, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strchright shifts the characters in the string source right count places, padding with spaces. Return value returns source. See also strshleft() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25]; strcpy(msg,"Buy a Mac II"); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",strshright(msg,4)); } Program output Buy a Mac II Buy a Ma TCHK 2.1 Page 348 Function strspace2tab - compress spaces to tabs Syntax char *strspace2tab(char *source, char *dest, int tablen); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks copies the string source to dest with all groups of tablen spaces replaced with tabs ('\t'). The converted string will be returned in dest, so you must make sure there is sufficient space allocated. Return value returns dest. See also strtabexpand() Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char spacestr[30] = "Spaces are nice."; char tabstr[30]; printf("Converted string: %s\n", strspace2tab(spacestr,tabstr,3); } Program output Converted string: Spaces\tare\t nice. (In the output, \t represents a tab character.) TCHK 2.1 Page 349 Function strtabexpand - expand tabs to spaces Syntax char *strtabexpand(char *source, char *dest, int tablen); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks copies the string source to dest with all tabs ('\t') replaced with tablen spaces. The converted string will be returned in dest, so you must make sure there is sufficient space allocated. Return value returns dest. See also strspace2tab() Example #include <stringhk.h> main() { char spacestr[30]; char tabstr[30] = "Tabs\tare\tnice."; printf("Converted string: %s\n", strtabexpand(tabstr,spacestr,4); } Program output Converted string: Tabs are nice. TCHK 2.1 Page 350 Function strtocomma - convert a string to xx,xxx format Syntax char *strtocomma(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strtocomma converts a string of numbers into the comma delimited format (xx,xxx,xxx). The number is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) A leading sign will be copied before converting the number. The comma delimited string will be returned in source, so you must make sure there is sufficient space allocated. Return value returns a pointer to source. This function writes over the string passed to it. See also strcomma() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char temp[15]; strcpy(temp,"12839.44"); printf("-> %s\n",strtocomma(temp)); } Program output -> 12,839.44 TCHK 2.1 Page 351 Function strtoddate - convert a date string to a structure Syntax struct ddate *strtoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks strtoddate converts a date abbreviation to a structure of type ddate. The abbreviation can use dashes or slashes (- or /) to separate the fields of the date. All fields MUST be of length two (i.e. 02/07/87 is valid, but 2/7/87 and 02/07/1987 are not valid.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate *today; char strtoday[9]; strcpy(strtoday,"04/01/67"); if ((today = strtoddate(strtoday) != NULL) { printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today->dmon, today->dday, today->dyear); printf("or %s\n", strtoday); } } Program output today is 4-1-67 or 04/01/67 TCHK 2.1 Page 352 Function strtodol - converts a string to dollar format Syntax char *strtodol(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strtodol converts a string pointed to by source to dollar format ($-12,839.44). An optional leading sign is copied. Only the first 2 decimal places are copied (the string is truncated, not rounded.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the dollar formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char sint[15], *dollar strcpy(sint,"12839.44"); dollar = strtodol(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,dollar); free(dollar); strcpy(sint,"+62939445.1"); dollar = strtodol(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,dollar); free(dollar); } Program output 12839.44 -> $12,839.44 +62939445.1 -> $+62,939,445.10 TCHK 2.1 Page 353 Function strtotime - convert a string to a time structure Syntax struct time *strtotime(char *source); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks strtotime converts a string to a time structure, checking for AM/PM or 24-hour format. If seconds or hundredths of seconds are not in the string, their values will be set to 0 in the structure. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the time string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also timetostr() Example #include <timehk.h> main() { struct time *now; strcpy(strnow,"5:12 PM"); if ((now = strtotime(strnow)) != NULL) printf("%d hours, %d min, %d.%d secs\n", now->ti_hour, now->ti_min, now->ti_sec, now->ti_hund); } Program output 17 hours, 12 min, 0.0 secs TCHK 2.1 Page 354 Function strwcmp - compares a wild-carded string to another string Syntax int strwcmp(char *wstr, char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strwcmp performs an unsigned comparison of wstr and str, starting with the first character in each string and continuing with subsequent characters until the corresponding characters differ or until the end of the strings is reached. Wildcards (*,?) are supported, as per DOS (* wildcards 0 or more characters, ? wildcards a single character). Return value strwcmp returns an int value that is < 0 if wstr is less than str = 0 if wstr is the same as str > 0 if wstr is greater than str Furthermore, if a comparison falls through during a wildcard matching, -2 or 2 is returned. If a mismatch is found without using wildcards, a -1 or 1 is returned. See also strwicmp() TCHK 2.1 Page 355 Function strwicmp - compares a wild-carded string to another string, without case sensitivity Syntax int strwicmp(char *wstr, char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strwicmp performs an unsigned comparison of wstr and str, starting with the first character in each string and continuing with subsequent characters until the corresponding characters differ or until the end of the strings is reached. Wildcards (*,?) are supported, as per DOS (* wildcards 0 or more characters, ? wildcards a single character). The comparison is not case sensitive. Return value strwicmp returns a value that is < 0 if wstr is less than str = 0 if wstr is the same as str > 0 if wstr is greater than str Furthermore, if a comparison falls through during a wildcard matching, -2 or 2 is returned. If a mismatch is found without using wildcards, a -1 or 1 is returned. See also strwcmp() TCHK 2.1 Page 356 Function sum_year_digits_dep - calculate sum of the years digits depreciation Syntax double sum_year_digits_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, sum_year_digits_dep will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the sum of the years digits depreciation method. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the sum of the years digits depreciation method. Note The macro SYD(c,s,l,p) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.1 Page 357 Function summation - calculate a summation of integers Syntax int summation(int max); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks summation calculates a summation denoted by Σ Xi where i ranges from 1 to max. Beware of overflow, calculations are done as ints. Return value returns the summation denoted by Σ Xi where i ranges from 1 to max. If max <= 1, summation returns a 1. See also average(), factorial(), stddev(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("Summation is %d\n",summation(10)); } Program output Summation is 55 TCHK 2.1 Page 358 Function swap - swap two values Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (void) swap(x,y) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks swap will swap two values, regardless of type, but should be of equal type. This function is a macro. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.1 Page 359 Function time_convert - convert time formats Syntax boolean time_convert(void *source, void *dest, int stype, int dtype); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks time_convert will convert a time from virtually any time format to any other. The parameters *source and *dest must be pointers pointing to a piece of memory allocated as the proper data type. stype and dtype determine the format of source and dest. Due to the great number of formats supported, a chart of valid time formats is provided in Appendix C. Limited error checking is done on passed data. If an invalid time format is passed, unpredictable results will occur. Return value returns TRUE is the conversion was successful and FALSE if the time could not be converted. Note This function does NO function calls. I've tried to optimize this function as much as possible for speed, not size. If you only need to convert between a couple of specific formats, you may be better off doing a pair of sprintfs. See also Appendix C strtotime(), timetostr() Example see demotime.c TCHK 2.1 Page 360 Function timetostr - convert time structure to a string Syntax char *timetostr(struct time *tsource, boolean seconds, boolean hundreds, boolean ampm); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks timetostr converts a time structure to a string, with the following options: seconds = put seconds in string hundreds = put hundreths of seconds in string ampm = append AM/PM to string if ampm is FALSE, 24-hour time will be used. if hundreds is TRUE, seconds are automatically put into the string. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the time string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also strtotime() Example #include <timehk.h> main() { char *strnow; struct time now; gettime(&now); if ((strnow = timetostr(&now, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE)) != NULL) printf("The time is %s\n",strnow); } Program output The time is 11:23:14.22 PM TCHK 2.1 Page 361 Function to24hour - converts hours to 24-hour format Syntax #include <timehk.h> (int) to24hour(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks converts midnight (0) to the 24th hour. Return value returns 0 if hr is midnight (0), otherwise returns hr. See also isPM(), time_convert(), tohour() TCHK 2.1 Page 362 Function tocapkey - convert the key code to uppercase Syntax int tocapkey(int k); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks if the key code k is a letter, it is converted to upper case. Return value if the key code is a lower case letter, tocapkey returns the upper case of that letter, otherwise tocapkey returns the key code unchanged See also inkeyc(), inkeycdv() TCHK 2.1 Page 363 Function todosdate - make a DOS file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) todosdate(y,m,d) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks makes a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todostime() TCHK 2.1 Page 364 Function todostime - make a DOS file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) todostime(h,m,s) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks makes a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate() TCHK 2.1 Page 365 Function tohour - converts 24-hour format to 12-hour Syntax #include <timehk.h> (int) tohour(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks converts hr from 24-hour time to 12-hour time. Return value returns the hour of the day, as would appear on a 12-hour clock (1-12). See also isPM(), time_convert(), to24hour() TCHK 2.1 Page 366 Function Tone - play a tone Syntax void Tone(unsigned frequency, unsigned duration); Prototype in sound.h Remarks Tone() will play a tone of a specific frequency for duration milliseconds. See sound.h for definitions of common tones. Return value returns nothing. See also beep() Example #include <sound.h> main() { Tone(sA4s,2000u); /* play A sharp for 2 seconds */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 367 Function uninstallWhoa - uninstall WHOA!.COM by Brad Crandall Syntax boolean uninstallWhoa(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks removes WHOA!.COM from memory (system slow-down utility by Brad Crandall). Return value returns TRUE if WHOA!.COM is successfully uninstalled, FALSE otherwise. See also isWhoa(), setWhoa() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { if (isWhoa()) { printf("Whoa! is "); if (! uninstallWhoa()) printf("not "); printf("successfully uninstalled\n"); } else printf("Whoa! is not installed"); } TCHK 2.1 Page 368 Function valid_date - check if a date is valid Syntax boolean valid_date(int month, int day, int yearnum); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks valid_date checks if the given date is valid. Return value returns TRUE if the date is valid, FALSE otherwise. See also isleapyear() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { int i, d[3] = { 11,5,2 }, m[3] = { 31,12,29}; int y[3] = { 70, 1987, 1981 }; for (i=0; i<3; ++) { printf("%d/%d/%d ", m[i], d[i], y[i]); if (valid_date(m[i], d[i], y[i]) printf("valid\n"); else printf("INVALID\n"); } } Program output 11/31/70 INVALID /* Nov has 30 days */ 5/13/1987 valid 2/29/1981 INVALID /* 1981 not a leap year */ TCHK 2.1 Page 369 Function variance - calculate the variance of a set of reals Syntax double variance(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks variance calculates the variance of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the variance of a set of n numbers. See also average(), stddev(), summation() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Variance is %lf\n",variance(3,num)); } Program output Variance is 4.245 TCHK 2.1 Page 370 Function vert_line - draw a vertical line Syntax void vert_line(byte c, int len, int col, int row); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a vertical line of characters c of length len beginning at (col,row) via INTerrupts, using the current char_attribute setting for color. Screen coordinates are absolute. horiz_line does no error checking on the passed parameters. Return value nothing. See also box(), horiz_line() Example #include <video.h> main() { vert_line('*',7,4,4); /* draw 7 *'s */ } TCHK 2.1 Page 371 Function whereh - X-coordinate of cursor Syntax int whereh(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks returns the X-coordinate (column) of the cursor's current location via INT 0x10, Service 3. Return value returns the X-coordinate of the cursor's current location. See also gotohv(), read_cursor(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { printf("Cursor's column = %d\n",whereh()); } Program output Cursor's column = 12 TCHK 2.1 Page 372 Function wherev - Y-coordinate of cursor Syntax int wherev(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks returns the Y-coordinate (row) of the cursor's current location via INT 0x10, Service 3. Return value returns the Y-coordinate of the cursor's current location. See also gotohv(), read_cursor(), whereh() Example #include <video.h> main() { printf("Cursor's row = %d\n",wherev()); } Program output Cursor's row = 4 TCHK 2.1 Page 373 Index _cursorinsert 131, 145 _cursoroverwrite 131, 145 _dvmajor 148, 149 _mouse1 183, 227, 228, 245 _mouse2 183, 227, 228, 229, 244, 245 _mouse3 227, 228, 229, 244, 245, 249, 250 _mouse4 227, 228, 229, 244, 245, 249, 250 _rmatherror 223 _r_maximum 301 _r_maxpre 301 _r_minpre 288, 289, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 _shadowchar 327 _shadowcolor 327 _shadowstyle 327 A Accum_dep 8, 60, 97, 335, 356 ACC_DDB 8 ACC_SLD 8 ACC_SYD 8 Ansiback 10, 11, 12 Ansifore 10, 11, 12 Ansi_call 9, 11, 12 Atrim 13 Average 14, 334, 357, 369 B Beep 15, 66, 366 Bitrevb 16, 17, 18 Bitrevl 16, 17, 18 Bitrevw 16, 17, 18 Box 19, 20, 21, 29, 144, 195, 213, 214, 267, 309, 310, 327, 370 Boxwindow 19, 20, 21, 213, 267, 327 C Cal... 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 CapsLock 23, 151, 261, 311 CEDadd 24, 25, 164 CEDremove 24, 25, 164 Center 20, 21, 26, 131, 213, 267 Changelitebar 27, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Char_attribute 144, 283, 284, 285, 312, 370 Checksum_block 28, 45, 46, 47, 48 Clear 9, 29, 30, 31 Clear_typeahead 30 Cls 9, 29, 31 TCHK 2.1 Page 374 Color 9, 10, 11, 12, 20, 21, 32, 37, 40, 144, 165, 214, 219, 221, 268, 275, 276, 283, 284, 285, 312, 327, 370 Commit 33 Compaq386GetCpuSpeed 34, 35, 36 Compaq386GetCpuSpeed 34, 35, 36 Compaq386KbdType 34, 35, 36 CompaqExternalMonitorType 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqGetMasterMode 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqGetMonitor 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqInternalMonitorType 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqModeSwitchDelay 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqSelectMonitor 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 CompaqSetMasterMode 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 Cpu_id 44, 226, 259 CRC16tupdate 28, 45, 46, 47, 48 CRC16update 28, 45, 46, 47, 48 CRC16_block 28, 45, 46, 47, 48 CRC32tupdate 28, 45, 46, 47, 48 Cursor_blink 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 Cursor_flip 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 CURSOR_HALFBLOCK 50, 145 Cursor_off 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 Cursor_on 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 CURSOR_UNDERBAR 50, 145 D Date_convert 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 Dayofweek 54, 55 Dayofyear 55, 56, 87 Daysleft 55, 56, 87 Ddatetofull 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 Ddatetoshort 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 Ddatetostr 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 DDB 8, 97 Depreciation 8, 60, 97, 335, 356 DESQapilevel 61, 86 DESQappnum 62 DESQbeginc 63, 67 DESQcommonmem 64, 65, 69 DESQconvenmem 64, 65, 69 DESQdisperror 66, 78 DESQendc 63, 67 DESQexit 68 DESQexpandedmem 64, 65, 69 DESQgetbuf 70 DESQgetmem 71, 81 DESQiskmouse 72, 74, 75 DESQjustify 73 TCHK 2.1 Page 375 DESQkmouse_off 72, 74, 75 DESQkmouse_on 72, 74, 75 DESQostack 76, 85 DESQpause 77, 79, 83, 84 DESQpoke 78 DESQposttask 77, 79, 83, 84 DESQpushkey 80 DESQputmem 71, 81 DESQsound 82 DESQstart 77, 79, 83, 84 DESQstop 77, 79, 83, 84 DESQustack 76, 85 DESQversion 61, 86, 148, 149 Diffddate 55, 56, 87 DISABLED 214, 267 Diskchanged 88, 89 Disktype 88, 89 Dosday 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Doshour 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Dosmin 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Dosmonth 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Dossec 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Dostimetolong 95, 222 Dosyear 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 DoubleDOSfreeCPU 98, 99, 100, 168, 180 DoubleDOSGetVirtual 98, 99, 100, 168, 180 DoubleDOSTaskSwitch 98, 99, 100, 168, 180 Double_decline_bal_dep 8, 60, 97, 335, 356 DVERROR_BEEP 66 DVERROR_EITHER 66 DVERROR_LEFT 66 DVERROR_RIGHT 66 E EMMversion 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 171 EMSGetStatus 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 171 EMSinfo 102, 103, 171 EMSpages 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 171 EMSwarmbootprep 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 171 ENABLED 214, 267 Endstri 106, 107 Endstrp 107 Expandfilespec 108 Extendedtotal 109, 174 F Factorial 110, 357 Fileexist 111, 167 Fname_match 112, 113 Fncmp 112, 113 Frac 114, 301, 304 Fsgn 115, 177, 224 TCHK 2.1 Page 376 Fulltoddate 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 FV 117, 118, 266, 286, 287 FVa 117, 118, 266, 286, 287 G GetAssignmemseg 119, 159 GetBootBlock 120, 121, 122, 140 GetBootBlock4 120, 121, 122, 140 GetBPB 120, 121, 122, 140 Getci_match 124, 135 Getcursor 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 Getc_match 123, 124, 134, 135, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149 Getdatehk 126 Getdouble 127, 133, 137 Getfilespec 108, 128, 263, 264, 297 Getfname 129 Getget 129, 130, 131, 136, 138, 145 Getint 127, 133, 137 Getk 123, 124, 134, 135, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149 Getlogical 123, 124, 134, 135, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149 Getpw 136 Getreal 127, 133, 137 Getstr 132, 138 GetTypePointDevice 139, 296, 321, 322, 323 GetVolSerialNum 121, 140 Getyn 123, 124, 134, 135, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149 Gotohv 19, 29, 142, 283, 285, 371, 372 Greg... 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 H Horiz_line 19, 20, 144, 370 I Initkeyvars 145 Inkey 30, 123, 124, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 166, 175, 188, 205, 211, 215, 268, 362 Inkeyc 134, 135, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149, 215, 268, 362 Inkeycdv 146, 147, 148, 149, 215, 268 Inkeydv 131, 132, 146, 147, 148, 149, 215, 268 InsLock 23, 151, 261, 311 Intlen 150 TCHK 2.1 Page 377 Is2nd8259 152 Isallalpha 153, 154, 155, 156 Isallalphanum 153, 154, 155, 156 Isalllower 153, 154, 155, 156 Isallupper 153, 154, 155, 156 IsAnarkey 157 IsAppendavail 158, 159, 197 IsAssignavail 119, 158, 159, 197 IsAutoPark 160, 316 IsBlogical 161 IsBREAKon 162, 199, 317, 325 Iscdevicemoderaw 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195 IsCEDavail 24, 25, 164 IsCGA 165 Iscolor 165 Isdate 166 Isdir 108, 111, 167 IsDoubleDOS 98, 99, 100, 168, 180 Isdrivelocal 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195, 318 IsDriverSys 170 IsEGA 165 IsEMSavail 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 171 IsEnhanceKbd 172 Iseven 173, 187 IsExtended 109, 174 Isfilename 175, 188 Isgameport 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 Isgn 115, 177, 224 Ishandlelocal 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195, 318 IsHerc 165 IsHiliteable 27, 179, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240, 241, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 IsInvisible 98, 99, 100, 168, 180 Isleapyear 53, 181, 368 IsMCA 182 IsMDA 165 Ismono 165 Ismouse 183, 252 IsNetwork 184 IsNLSFuncCom 185 IsNovellNetavail 186 Isodd 173, 187 Ispathname 175, 188 IspcAnywhere 189, 320 IsPM 191, 361, 365 IsPRINTavail 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 Isrealtimeclock 192 IsRedirectStdin 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195, 318 IsRedirectStdout 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195, 318 Isremoveable 163, 169, 178, 193, 194, 195, 318 IsScrnSav2 196 IsShareavail 158, 159, 197 Isstate 198, 204, 333 TCHK 2.1 Page 378 IsVERIFYon 162, 199, 317, 325 IsVidclock 200 IsWhoa 201, 326, 367 Iswildcarded 202 IsXMSinstalled 203 Iszip 198, 204, 333 J JoystickAx 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 JoystickAy 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 JoystickBx 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 JoystickBy 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 Joysticksettings 176, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 Jul... 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 K Keyclick 211 Key_extended 134 Key_status 134 L Leftstr 212, 248, 299 Litebarerrno 27, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Litebar_alloc 27, 213, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Litebar_free 27, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Litebar_get 27, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Litehilite 27, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Litemessage 27, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Liteunlite 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Longtodostime 95, 222 Lpow 223 Lsgn 115, 177, 224 Ltrim 225 M Machine_id 44, 182, 226, 259, 302, 303 MAXDOUBLE 110 MButtonPress 227, 228, 229 MButtonRelease 227, 228, 229 MButtonStatus 227, 228, 229 MCursorGraphic 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 MCursorOff 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 MCursorOn 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246, 258 MCursorRangex 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 MCursorRangey 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 MCursorText 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 TCHK 2.1 Page 379 MDriverSize 236, 243, 253 Memory_strategy 237 MEmulateLightpenOff 238, 239 MEmulateLightpenOn 238, 239 Menu_litebar 27, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 240 Menu_popup 241, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 MGetDisplayPage 242, 254 MGetDriver 236, 243, 253 MGetSensitivity 244, 255, 256, 257 MGetVerType 183, 245, 252 MGotoxy 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 246 Mid 95, 212, 227, 228, 229, 247, 248, 260, 299, 361 Midstr 212, 248, 299 MMickeysMovedx 249, 250 MMickeysMovedy 249, 250 Monthexpand 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 MouseReset 183, 252 MPutDriver 236, 243, 253 MSetDisplayPage 242, 254 MSetRatio 244, 255, 256, 257 MSetSensitivity 244, 255, 256, 257 MSetThreshold 244, 255, 256, 257 MUpdateScreen 258 N Ndp_id 44, 226, 259 Nmid 247, 260 NOTOPTION 214, 267, 268 NumLock 23, 151, 261, 311 P Parsefilename 108, 128, 262, 263, 264, 297 Parsefnameext 108, 128, 263, 264, 297 Pause 265 PMT 117, 118, 266, 286, 287 Pophilite 241, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popunlite 241, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popuperrno 241, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popup_alloc 241, 267, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popup_free 241, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popup_get 241, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Popup_restore 241, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 TCHK 2.1 Page 380 Popup_setcurrent 241, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 PRINTadd 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 PRINThold 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 PRINTpurge 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 PRINTremove 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 PRINTresume 190, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282 Print_screen 277 Putk 19, 29, 123, 283, 284, 285, 312 Putsay 283, 284, 285 Putstr 135, 141, 283, 284, 285, 312 PV 117, 118, 266, 286, 287 PVa 117, 118, 266, 286, 287 R Radd 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rceil 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rdiv 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Read_attrib 291, 292 Read_char 291, 292 Read_cursor 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 142, 293, 313, 319, 371, 372 Read_mode 294, 315 Reboot 295 ResetPointDevice 139, 296, 321, 322, 323 Resolvepath 128, 263, 264, 297 Rfloor 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rightstr 212, 248, 299 Rnegate 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rnormalize 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 ROM_date 182, 226, 302, 303 ROM_id 182, 226, 302, 303 Round 114, 289, 290, 298, 304, 352 Rsign 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rsub 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Rtrim 307 S Scrbuff 20, 21, 308 ScrollLock 23, 311 Scroll_down 309, 310 Scroll_up 309, 310 SetAutoPark 316 SetBREAK 162, 199, 317, 325 TCHK 2.1 Page 381 Setcdevicemoderaw 318 Setcursor 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 SetpcAnywhere 189, 320 SetPointDevice 139, 296, 321, 322, 323 SetRatePointDevice 139, 296, 321, 322, 323 SetResPointDevice 139, 296, 321, 322, 323 Settextinfo 215, 268, 324 SetVERIFY 162, 199, 317, 325 SetWhoa 201, 326, 367 Set_color 283, 284, 285, 312 Set_cursor 49, 50, 51, 52, 125, 293, 313, 319 Set_handles 314 Set_mode 9, 294, 315 Shadow 327 SHADOW_B 327 SHADOW_BR 327 SHADOW_R 327 Shorttoddate 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 SLD 8, 335 Soundex 330, 331 Sqr 332 Stateindex 198, 204, 333 States 198, 333 Stddev 14, 334, 357, 369 Straight_line_dep 8, 60, 97, 335, 356 Strcapital 336 Strclean 337 Strcomma 150, 338, 350 Strdel 339 Strfill 340 Strins 341 Stroccur 342 Strpadleft 343, 344 Strpadright 343, 344 Strrep 340, 345 Strshleft 346 Strshright 347 Strspace2tab 348, 349 Strtabexpand 348, 349 Strtocomma 338, 350 Strtoddate 22, 53, 57, 58, 59, 116, 143, 210, 251, 329, 351 Strtodol 352 Strtotime 353, 359, 360 Struct BIOSParmBlock 122 Struct BootBlock 120, 121 Struct BootBlock4 121 Struct ddate 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 87, 116, 210, 329, 351 Struct DESQmemory 64, 65, 69 Struct EMSrecord 103, 104 Struct filespec 262, 263 Struct fnameext 264 TCHK 2.1 Page 382 Struct litebar_field 27 Struct litebar_header 27, 213, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221 Struct popup_header 267, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 Struct REAL 288, 289, 290, 298, 300, 301, 305, 306 Strwcmp 354, 355 Strwicmp 354, 355 Summation 14, 110, 334, 357, 369 Sum_year_digits_dep 8, 60, 97, 335, 356 Swap 358 SYD 8, 356 T Timetostr 353, 359, 360 Time_convert 191, 359, 361, 365 To24hour 191, 361, 365 Tocapkey 146, 147, 148, 149, 362 Todosdate 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Todostime 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 363, 364 Tohour 191, 361, 365 Tone 15, 366 U UDFIDLE 131, 215, 269 UninstallWhoa 201, 326, 367 V Valid_date 181, 368 Variance 14, 334, 357, 369 Vert_line 19, 20, 144, 370 W Whereh 142, 293, 371, 372 Wherev 142, 293, 371, 372