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Assembly Source File | 1992-06-04 | 24.6 KB | 1,486 lines

;3-D Rotation & Perspective ;By Rich Geldreich ;May 27th, 1992 ;TASM v2.00 source code follows... set tab stops to 8, don't insert spaces ;Also see 3dexp2.bas from which this code was derived from. ;The following keys may be used in the program:(turn NumLock on!) ;spacebar.................stops all rotation ;"r" key..................resets all three angles ;"n" & "m" key............controls the third angle ;arrow keys...............controls the other two angles ;numeric keypad...........controls your position relative to the stars ;escape key...............quits ideal model small dosseg stack 1024 NumPoints = 765 P_Scaler = 4000 Z_Plane_Threshold = 130 ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dataseg even ;used for setting points... line_table: b=0 rept 200 dw b*320 b=b+1 endm points_to_rotate: include "pnt.asm" even ;simple bitmapped character font characters: db 01110000b db 10011000b db 10011000b db 10101000b db 11001000b db 11001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 00100000b db 01100000b db 10100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 11111000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 00010000b db 00100000b db 01000000b db 10000000b db 11111000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 00001000b db 00110000b db 00001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11111000b db 00001000b db 00001000b db 00001000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 11110000b db 00001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10000000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 00001000b db 00010000b db 00100000b db 01000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01111000b db 00001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b minus_sign: db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 01111110b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b space: db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b db 00000000b letters: db 00100000b db 01010000b db 10001000b db 11111000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11110000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11110000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 11110000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 11111000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 11110000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10000000b db 10111000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11111000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 11111000b db 00000000b db 00001000b db 00001000b db 00001000b db 00001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10010000b db 10100000b db 11000000b db 10100000b db 10010000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 11111000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 11011000b db 10101000b db 10101000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 11001000b db 10101000b db 10011000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11110000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 10000000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10101000b db 10011000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 11110000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 11110000b db 10100000b db 10010000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 01110000b db 10001000b db 10000000b db 01110000b db 00001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01110000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01010000b db 00100000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 10101000b db 10101000b db 11011000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01010000b db 00100000b db 01010000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 00000000b db 10001000b db 10001000b db 01010000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00100000b db 00000000b db 11111000b db 00001000b db 00010000b db 00100000b db 01000000b db 10000000b db 11111000b db 00000000b even ;sine table; 360 values each entry multiplied by 16,384 sine_table: dw 0, 285, 571, 857, 1142, 1427, 1712, 1996, 2280, 2563, 2845, 3126, 3406 dw 3685, 3963, 4240, 4516, 4790, 5062, 5334, 5603, 5871, 6137, 6401, 6663 dw 6924, 7182, 7438, 7691, 7943, 8192, 8438, 8682, 8923, 9161, 9397, 9630 dw 9860, 10086, 10310, 10531, 10748, 10963, 11173, 11381, 11585, 11785 dw 11982, 12175, 12365, 12550, 12732, 12910, 13084, 13254, 13420, 13582 dw 13740, 13894, 14043, 14188, 14329, 14466, 14598, 14725, 14848, 14967 dw 15081, 15190, 15295, 15395, 15491, 15582, 15668, 15749, 15825, 15897 dw 15964, 16025, 16082, 16135, 16182, 16224, 16261, 16294, 16321, 16344 dw 16361, 16374, 16381, 16384, 16381, 16374, 16361, 16344, 16321, 16294 dw 16261, 16224, 16182, 16135, 16082, 16025, 15964, 15897, 15825, 15749 dw 15668, 15582, 15491, 15395, 15295, 15190, 15081, 14967, 14848, 14725 dw 14598, 14466, 14329, 14188, 14043, 13894, 13740, 13582, 13420, 13254 dw 13084, 12910, 12732, 12550, 12365, 12175, 11982, 11785, 11585, 11381 dw 11173, 10963, 10748, 10531, 10310, 10086, 9860, 9630, 9397, 9161, 8923 dw 8682, 8438, 8191, 7943, 7691, 7438, 7182, 6924, 6663, 6401, 6137, 5871 dw 5603, 5334, 5062, 4790, 4516, 4240, 3963, 3685, 3406, 3126, 2845, 2563 dw 2280, 1996, 1712, 1427, 1142, 857, 571, 285, 0,-285,-571,-857,-1142 dw -1427,-1712,-1996,-2280,-2563,-2845,-3126,-3406,-3685,-3963,-4240,-4516 dw -4790,-5062,-5334,-5603,-5871,-6137,-6401,-6663,-6924,-7182,-7438,-7691 dw -7943,-8192,-8438,-8682,-8923,-9161,-9397,-9630,-9860,-10086,-10310 dw -10531,-10748,-10963,-11173,-11381,-11585,-11785,-11982,-12175,-12365 dw -12550,-12732,-12910,-13084,-13254,-13420,-13582,-13740,-13894,-14043 dw -14188,-14329,-14466,-14598,-14725,-14848,-14967,-15081,-15190,-15295 dw -15395,-15491,-15582,-15668,-15749,-15825,-15897,-15964,-16025,-16082 dw -16135,-16182,-16224,-16261,-16294,-16321,-16344,-16361,-16374,-16381 dw -16384,-16381,-16374,-16361,-16344,-16321,-16294,-16261,-16224,-16182 dw -16135,-16082,-16025,-15964,-15897,-15825,-15749,-15668,-15582,-15491 dw -15395,-15295,-15190,-15081,-14967,-14848,-14725,-14598,-14466,-14329 dw -14188,-14043,-13894,-13740,-13582,-13420,-13254,-13084,-12910,-12732 dw -12550,-12365,-12175,-11982,-11785,-11585,-11381,-11173,-10963,-10748 dw -10531,-10310,-10086,-9860,-9630,-9397,-9161,-8923,-8682,-8438,-8191 dw -7943,-7691,-7438,-7182,-6924,-6663,-6401,-6137,-5871,-5603,-5334,-5062 dw -4790,-4516,-4240,-3963,-3685,-3406,-3126,-2845,-2563,-2280,-1996,-1712 dw -1427,-1142,-857,-571,-285, 0, 285, 571, 857, 1142, 1427, 1712, 1996 dw 2280, 2563, 2845, 3126, 3406, 3685, 3963, 4240, 4516, 4790, 5062, 5334 dw 5603, 5871, 6137, 6401, 6663, 6924, 7182, 7438, 7691, 7943, 8192, 8438 dw 8682, 8923, 9161, 9397, 9630, 9860, 10086, 10310, 10531, 10748, 10963 dw 11173, 11381, 11585, 11785, 11982, 12175, 12365, 12550, 12732, 12910 dw 13084, 13254, 13420, 13582, 13740, 13894, 14043, 14188, 14329, 14466 dw 14598, 14725, 14848, 14967, 15081, 15190, 15295, 15395, 15491, 15582 dw 15668, 15749, 15825, 15897, 15964, 16025, 16082, 16135, 16182, 16224 dw 16261, 16294, 16321, 16344, 16361, 16374, 16381, 16383, 16381, 16374 dw 16361, 16344 even ;current angles of rotation angle_1 dw 0 angle_2 dw 0 angle_3 dw 0 ;cosine and sine of each angle cos_1 dw 0 sin_1 dw 0 cos_2 dw 0 sin_2 dw 0 cos_3 dw 0 sin_3 dw 0 ;perspective variables... s_pos dw -200 m_pos dw 0 ;current origon origon_x dw 0 origon_y dw 70 origon_z dw -1500 ;added to each angle every frame... delta_1 dw 1 delta_2 dw 1 delta_3 dw 2 ;added to the origon every frame.... move_x dw 0 move_y dw 0 move_z dw 0 ;temporary variables for the rotate32 procedure Y1 dw 0 X2 dw 0 Y3 dw 0 ;current coordinates of points being rotated Xo dw 0 Yo dw 0 Zo dw 0 ;highest & lowest Z coordinates used for intensity of each pixel lowest_z dw 0 highest_z dw 0 ;temporary variables used by rotate32 source dw 0 dest dw 0 ;frames per second stuff frames dw 0 frames_sec dw 0 ;used for printing numbers number_buffer dw 0,0,0,0,0,0 ;buffer for the points to erase point_loc dw offset point_buffer_2 ;number of points left to rotate used by rotate32 points_left dw 0 ;my stupid title string_1: db 9,0,'3D ROTATION AND PERSPECTIVE',0 db 12,1,'BY RICH GELDREICH 1992',0 db 6,9,'IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR IDEAS',0 db 12,11,'I CAN BE CONTACTED AT',0 db 16,13,'410 MARKET ST',0 db 11,15,'GLOUCESTER CITY NJ 08030',0 db 16,17,'609-742-8752',0 db 11,24,'PRESS ANY KEY TO BEGIN',0 ;each holds x,y,z coordinates even point_buffer_1 dw NumPoints*3 dup(?) ;for plotting point_buffer_2 dw NumPoints*3 dup(?) ;for erasing ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- codeseg even start: mov ax, @data mov ds, ax mov es, ax cld assume ds:@data,es:nothing,ss:nothing mov ax, 013h int 010h call print_title call set_palette ;notice that I fool with the timer tick count in BIOS memory... not ;cool but it works! push es mov ax, 040h mov es, ax mov [word es:06ch], 0 pop es even @@main_loop: ;have we done enough frames for a good estimate of speed? mov ax, [ds:frames] inc ax cmp ax, 61 jne @@notyet push es ;yup; get # clicks mov ax, 040h mov es, ax xor cx, cx xchg cx, [es:06ch] pop es ;multiply be 60*18 and then scale the answer by 10 ;so we have one decimal digit too mov ax, (60*18*10) xor dx, dx and cx, cx ;don't divide by zero(just in case...) jnz @@timable xor ax, ax jmp short @@notyet even @@timable: div cx mov [ds:frames_sec], ax xor ax, ax @@notyet: mov [ds:frames], ax ;update user's origon mov ax, [ds:move_x] add [ds:origon_x], ax mov ax, [ds:move_y] add [ds:origon_y], ax mov ax, [ds:move_z] add [ds:origon_z], ax ;update the angles of rotation mov ax, [ds:angle_1] add ax, [ds:delta_1] cmp ax, 359 jng @@05 xor ax, ax @@05: and ax, ax jnl @@05a mov ax, 359 @@05a: mov [ds:angle_1], ax mov ax, [ds:angle_2] add ax, [ds:delta_2] cmp ax, 359 jng @@06 xor ax, ax @@06: and ax, ax jnl @@06a mov ax, 359 @@06a: mov [ds:angle_2], ax mov ax, [ds:angle_3] add ax, [ds:delta_3] cmp ax, 359 jng @@07 xor ax, ax @@07: and ax, ax jnl @@07a mov ax, 359 @@07a: mov [ds:angle_3], ax mov ax, @data mov es, ax ;set the cosine and sine for each angle call set_angles ;rotate the points mov si, offset points_to_rotate mov di, offset point_buffer_1 mov cx, NumPoints mov [ds:lowest_z], 32767 mov [ds:highest_z], -32768 call rotate_32 ;get ready to write to screen mov ax, 0a000h mov es, ax ;put v_wait in if your computer's too fast ;call v_wait ;erase the old points call erase ;fix up the highest_z(highest_z=higest_z-lowest_z) mov ax, [ds:highest_z] sub ax, [ds:lowest_z] and ax, ax jnz @@15 ;handle special case when highest_z=lowest_z(which doesn't happen ;at all in this version) inc ax mov [ds:lowest_z], -1 @@15: mov [ds:highest_z], ax ;plot the new points mov si, offset point_buffer_1 mov cx, Numpoints call plot ;print the numbers at bottom of screen mov ax, [ds:angle_1] mov di, 320*192+10 mov dl, 66 call print_number mov ax, [ds:angle_2] mov di, 320*192+10+50 call print_number mov ax, [ds:angle_3] mov di, 320*192+10+100 call print_number mov ax, [ds:origon_x] mov di, 320*192+10+150 call print_number mov ax, [ds:origon_y] mov di, 320*192+10+200 call print_number mov ax, [ds:origon_z] mov di, 320*192+10+250 call print_number mov ax, [ds:frames_sec] xor di, di call print_number ;check key @@20: mov ah, 011h int 16h jnz @@30 jmp @@main_loop @@30: mov ah, 010h int 16h ;PLEASE IGNORE THE FOLLOWING CODE TO PROCESS EACH KEY: I WASN'T FEELING ;THAT WELL WHEN I MADE IT... I should of used a damn jump table! cmp al, '4' jne @@k1 inc [move_x] jmp @@main_loop even @@k1: cmp al, '6' jne @@k2 dec [ds:move_x] jmp @@main_loop even @@k2: cmp al, '8' jne @@k3 inc [ds:move_y] jmp @@main_loop even @@k3: cmp al, '2' jne @@k4 dec [ds:move_y] jmp @@main_loop even @@k4: cmp al, '5' jne @@k5 xor ax, ax mov [ds:move_x], ax mov [ds:move_y], ax mov [ds:move_z], ax jmp @@main_loop even @@k5: cmp al, 'r' jne @@k4a xor ax, ax mov [ds:delta_1], ax mov [ds:delta_2], ax mov [ds:delta_3], ax mov [ds:angle_1], ax mov [ds:angle_2], ax mov [ds:angle_3], ax jmp @@main_loop even @@k4a: cmp al, ' ' jne @@k5a xor ax, ax mov [ds:delta_1], ax mov [ds:delta_2], ax mov [ds:delta_3], ax jmp @@main_loop even @@k5a: cmp al, 'm' jne @@k5b inc [ds:delta_2] jmp @@main_loop even @@k5b: cmp al, 'n' jne @@k5c dec [ds:delta_2] jmp @@main_loop even @@k5c: cmp al, '+' jne @@k6 dec [ds:move_z] jmp @@main_loop even @@k6: cmp al, '-' jne @@k7 inc [ds:move_z] jmp @@main_loop even @@k7: cmp al, 27 je @@exit cmp ah, 72 jne @@k9 inc [ds:delta_1] jmp @@main_loop even @@k9: cmp ah, 80 jne @@k10 dec [ds:delta_1] jmp @@main_loop even @@k10: cmp ah, 75 jne @@k11 dec [ds:delta_3] jmp @@main_loop even @@k11: cmp ah, 77 jne @@k12 inc [ds:delta_3] jmp @@main_loop even @@k12: jmp @@main_loop @@exit: mov ax, 00003h int 10h mov ah, 4Ch int 21h ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;rotation routine even proc rotate_32 mov [ds:points_left], cx mov [ds:source], si mov [ds:dest], di even @@10: ;copy the current points to rotate to a work area mov si, [ds:source] mov di, offset Xo mov cx, 3 rep movsw mov [ds:source], si ;do first calculation: ;X1 = (Xo * C1 - Yo * S1) \ 16384 mov bp, [ds:sin_1] mov bx, [ds:cos_1] mov ax, [ds:yo] imul bp ;Yo*S1 mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, [ds:xo] imul bx ;Xo*C1 sub ax, si sbb dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 mov cx, dx ;now do Y1 = (Xo * S1 + Yo * C1) \ 16384 mov ax, [ds:xo] imul bp ;Xo*S1 mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, [ds:yo] imul bx ;Yo*C1 add ax, si adc dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 mov [ds:y1], dx ;second vector ;X2 = (X1 * C2 - Zo * S2) \ 16384 - Mx + Ox mov bp, [ds:sin_2] mov bx, [ds:cos_2] mov ax, [ds:zo] imul bp mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, bx imul cx ;X1*c2 sub ax, si sbb dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 add dx, [ds:origon_x] mov [ds:x2], dx ;Z2 = (X1 * S2 + Zo * C2) \ 16384 mov ax, bp imul cx ;X1*S2 mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, [ds:zo] imul bx ;Zo*C2 add ax, si adc dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 mov cx, dx ;third vector ;Y3 = (Y1 * C3 - Z2 * S3) \ 16384 - My + Oy mov bp, [ds:sin_3] mov bx, [ds:cos_3] mov ax, bp imul cx ;Z2*S3 mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, bx imul [ds:y1] ;Y1*C3 sub ax, si sbb dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 add dx, [ds:origon_y] mov [ds:y3], dx ;Z4 = (Y1 * S3 + Z2 * C3) \ 16384 mov ax, bp imul [ds:y1] ;Y1*S3 mov si, ax mov di, dx mov ax, bx imul cx ;Z2*C3 add ax, si adc dx, di sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 sal ax, 1 rcl dx, 1 mov di, [ds:dest] ;save the z coordinate in the output table mov [ds:di+4], dx ;check to see if lowest or highest z cmp dx, [ds:lowest_z] jnl @@notlower mov [ds:lowest_z], dx @@notlower: cmp dx, [ds:highest_z] jng @@notgreater mov [ds:highest_z], dx @@notgreater: add dx, [ds:origon_z] ;now do V=(Spos-Z)/(Mpos-Z) neg dx mov bx, dx add bx, [ds:m_pos] ;is the point in view? cmp bx, Z_Plane_Threshold jg @@in_view ;nope mov ax, -32768 mov cx, 3 rep stosw mov [ds:dest], di jmp @@next_point even @@in_view: ;V= (p_scaler*(Spos-Z)) / (Mpos-Z) add dx, [ds:s_pos] mov ax, dx mov cx, P_Scaler imul cx idiv bx neg ax ;x=160+x2+(x2*-v)\p_scaler ;(or really x=160+x2+(-x2*v)\p_scaler ) mov bx, ax mov bp, [ds:x2] mov ax, bp imul bx ;x2 * v idiv cx add ax, bp add ax, 160 stosw ;y=100+y2+(y2*-v)\p_scaler mov bp, [ds:y3] mov ax, bp imul bx idiv cx add ax, bp add ax, 100 stosw ;skip by the already stored Z coordinate inc di inc di mov [ds:dest], di @@next_point: dec [ds:points_left] jz @@20 jmp @@10 even @@20: ret endp rotate_32 ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;plots the points to the 320x200x256 screen proc plot mov [ds:point_loc], offset point_buffer_2 even @@10: lodsw and ax, ax jl @@not_in_view_1 cmp ax, 319 jg @@not_in_view_1 mov di, ax lodsw and ax, ax jl @@not_in_view_2 cmp ax, 190 jg @@not_in_view_2 mov bx, ax add bx, bx add di, [word ds:line_table+bx] ;color_of_point = 10 + ( 53*(Z-Lowest_Z) ) / Highest_Z ;where color 10 is dark and color 63 is bright lodsw sub ax, [ds:lowest_z] mov bp, 53 imul bp idiv [ds:highest_z] add al, 10 mov bx, [ds:point_loc] mov [ds:bx], di inc bx inc bx mov [ds:point_loc], bx stosb loop @@10 ret even @@not_in_view_1: add si, 4 loop @@10 ret even @@not_in_view_2: inc si inc si loop @@10 ret endp plot ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;erases points last set proc erase xor bl, bl mov dx, [ds:point_loc] mov si, offset point_buffer_2 cmp si, dx je @@exit even @@10: rept 8 lodsw mov di, ax mov al, bl stosb cmp si, dx je @@exit endm lodsw mov di, ax mov al, bl stosb cmp si, dx jne @@10 @@exit: ret endp erase ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;waits for vertical retrace proc v_wait mov dx, 03dah mov ah, 8 @@10: in al, dx and al, ah jnz @@10 even @@20: in al, dx and al, ah jz @@20 ret endp v_wait ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;sets up cosine and sign of each angle ;sine(A)=sine(A) ;cosine(A)=sine(A+90) proc set_angles mov bx, [ds:angle_1] add bx, bx mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx] mov [ds:sin_1], ax mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx+90*2] mov [ds:cos_1], ax mov bx, [ds:angle_2] add bx, bx mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx] mov [ds:sin_2], ax mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx+90*2] mov [ds:cos_2], ax mov bx, [ds:angle_3] add bx, bx mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx] mov [ds:sin_3], ax mov ax, [word ds:sine_table+bx+90*2] mov [ds:cos_3], ax ret endp set_angles ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;sets up the blue palette proc set_palette mov dx, 03c7h mov cx, 64 xor ax, ax even @@10: out dx, al inc dx out dx, al inc dx xchg al, ah out dx, al out dx, al xchg al, ah out dx, al dec dx dec dx inc ax loop @@10 ret endp set_palette ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;takes a binary number in ax and turns it into a series of digits proc make_number and ax, ax jnl @@00 neg ax mov [ds:number_buffer], offset minus_sign jmp short @@01 even @@00: mov [ds:number_buffer], offset space @@01: mov bp, 10 xor bx, bx mov cx, offset characters std mov di, offset number_buffer+10 rept 5 mov dx, bx div bp xchg ax, dx shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 add ax, cx stosw xchg ax, dx endm cld ret endp make_number ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even proc write_number mov cx, 6 push offset number_buffer even @@10: pop si lodsw push si mov si, ax push cx push di call write_char pop di pop cx add di, 7 loop @@10 pop ax ret endp write_number ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;writes a bit-mapped font to screen proc write_char mov bp, 320-5 mov cx, 7 even @@10: lodsb mov bl, al mov al, ch shl bl, 1 jc @@write_1 stosb @@e1: shl bl, 1 jc @@write_2 stosb @@e2: shl bl, 1 jc @@write_3 stosb @@e3: shl bl, 1 jc @@write_4 stosb @@e4: shl bl, 1 jc @@write_5 stosb @@e5: add di, bp loop @@10 ret even @@write_1: xchg al, dl stosb xchg al, dl jmp short @@e1 even @@write_2: xchg al, dl stosb xchg al, dl jmp short @@e2 even @@write_3: xchg al, dl stosb xchg al, dl jmp short @@e3 even @@write_4: xchg al, dl stosb xchg al, dl jmp short @@e4 even @@write_5: xchg al, dl stosb xchg al, dl jmp short @@e5 even endp write_char ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;prints a number to the screen proc print_number mov bx, @data mov es, bx push dx push di call make_number pop di pop dx mov ax, 0a000h mov es, ax call write_number ret endp print_number ;------------------------------------------------------------------------------- even ;prints a asciz string to the screen proc print_string push dx mov al, bl mov dl, 7 mul dl mov di, ax mov al, bh xor ah, ah mov bx, 320*8 mul bx add di, ax pop dx push si even @@10: pop si lodsb push si and al, al jz @@exit sub al, 'A' js @@space xor ah, ah shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 add ax, offset letters mov si, ax @@cont: push di call write_char pop di add di, 7 jmp @@10 even @@exit: pop si ret even @@space: cmp al, '0'-'A' jl @@n1 cmp al, '9'-'A' jg @@n1 add al, 'A'-'0' xor ah, ah shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 shl ax, 1 add ax, offset characters mov si, ax jmp short @@cont even @@n1: cmp al, '-'-'A' jne @@n2 mov si, offset minus_sign jmp short @@cont even @@n2: mov si, offset space jmp short @@cont endp print_string even ;my stupid title... proc print_title mov ax, 0a000h mov es, ax mov dx, 03c7h mov al, 65 out dx, al inc dx out dx, al inc dx xor al, al rept 3 out dx, al endm mov si, offset string_1 mov cx, 8 mov dl, 65 @@1: lodsw mov bx, ax push cx call print_string pop cx loop @@1 mov cx, 0100h even @@2: call v_wait mov dx, 03c7h mov al, 65 out dx, al inc dx out dx, al inc dx xor al, al out dx, al out dx, al mov al, cl out dx, al call v_wait mov dx, 03c7h mov al, 65 out dx, al inc dx out dx, al inc dx mov al, 63 out dx, al xor al, al out dx, al out dx, al add cl, ch cmp cl, 64 jne @@20 mov ah, 011h int 16h jnz @@30 neg ch add cl, ch even @@20: and cl, cl jnl @@2 neg ch add cl, ch jmp short @@2 even @@30: mov ah, 010h int 16h mov cx, 32000 xor ax, ax mov di, ax rep stosw ret endp print_title ;that's all have fun end