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CrossBas Manual Power-BASIC Cross-Reference List Creator November 13, 1989 (1990) (c) Lester L. Noll CompuServe Id: 72250,2551 CrossBas.exe version 1.00P ContentsContents 1 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Copyright and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 Running CrossBas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 Changing Defaults File . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 The Summary Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8 What CrossBas Does . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1 Initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.2 InitScreen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.3 ReadCmdLine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.4 OpenFiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.5 CalcFileNames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.6 ReadDefaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.7 CheckStringSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.8 CalcWordArraySize . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.9 PrintScreenTop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.10 ReadAndParseData . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.11 PrintScreen1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.12 Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.13 PrintScreen2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.14 Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.15 PrintScreen3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.16 PrintList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.17 PrintReportBtm . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.18 PrintScreen4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.19 End Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix A CrossBas Files 13 Appendix B Modification History 15 Appendix C Power-BASIC Reserved Words 17 i ii FiguresFigures Figure 1: Summary Report Example . . . . . . . . . . 8 iii CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 1 1 Disclaimer 1 Disclaimer Hear ye, hear ye! Be it known that the author hereby disclaims all warranties expressed or implied as to the quality or performance of this program. The author will not be held liable for any lost profits, lost savings or any other direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use of this program. Your use of this program constitutes your agreement to this disclaimer and your release of the author from any form of liability or litigation. (Really gives you confidence, huh?) 2 Copyright and Usage 2 Copyright and Usage This program, as well as its accompanying files and documents, is copyright by the author, Lester L. Noll. You are free to use and distribute it as you wish as long as you charge no payment, either money or otherwise, for it. Also, you must keep all the associated files together. The files are listed in Appendix I. Use PKUNZIP to unarchive. If you have any questions, comments or suggestions about this program, feel free to contact me at CompuServe: Lester L. Noll [72250,2551] 3 Introduction 3 Introduction CrossBas will scan a Power-BASIC source file and create a cross-reference table of variable names, labels, procedure and function names versus the physical line numbers where those names occur. To do this we must first read in all words in the file. We can skip text to the right of "REM" statements or "'" remark identifiers; text to the right of "DATA" statements; text between quote marks; numbers; and operators. After the program words are read in, we compare them with Power-BASIC reserved words and metastatements. We keep only those that are not Power-BASIC words. Finally, we alphabetize the remaining words and print them out, one word to a line, followed by the physical source file line number(s) where these words are found. The list is sorted without regard to case. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 2 We print the list to an ASCII file and allow the user some control over its format. You may either print it to your printer using the DOS PRINT or TYPE filename.ext>PRN commands or you may use a print program such as Norton's LP. At the end of the file is a summary report showing processing times, number of words processed and a few calculations that may be helpful for customizing CrossBas to your own programming characteristics. 4 Running CrossBas 4 Running CrossBas Run CrossBas from the DOS command line. There is no interactive mode. If you enter "CROSSBAS" with no command line parameters, CrossBas will print a short message showing proper syntax and the optional switches. 5 Command Line Options 5 Command Line Options The only required command line parameter is the input file (source file) path/name. The output file path/name and switches are optional. If no output file is entered, I append ".cb" to the input file name to create an output file name. If a file having the same name as output file already exists, I write over it -- so be warned. Command line options can be entered in any order. In fact, the only rule is that the input file path/name must be entered before the output file path/name. You may enter switches, one after the other, without separating spaces. If, however, you enter a switch before a file path/name you must leave at least one space between the file path/name and the preceding switch. Syntax: crossbas infile[.ext][outfile][.ext][/bw][/p][/u][/s][/l:n][/w:n] Switches: /bw Set screen colors to black and white. /p Paginate output file and print page headers. /u Print variables to output file in upper case. /s Print the list to the screen as well as to file. /l:n Set the printer left margin to n columns. /w:n Override CrossBas' word array dimension calculation. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 3 Input File infile [required] The input file path/name must be a valid DOS pathname. If no path is entered, the default path is assumed. If the input file path/name is not found, CrossBas prints an appropriate message and quits. Output File outfile [optional] The output file path/name must be formed using valid DOS pathname and filename syntax. If no path is entered, the default is assumed. If no output file path/name is entered or if the entered output file path/name is invalid, I append ".cb" to the input file path/name for the output file. I do not check if a file with the same name already exists. If one does exist, I write over it. If you have a main file with the extension ".bas" and an include file with the extension ".inc" you are responsible for providing output file names that do not conflict with each other. By allowing CrossBas to use its default output file name, both cross-reference files would have the same name, which means the second one would overwrite the first. Black & White /bw [optional] The black and white switch, /bw, sets the screen color to black and white. The default screen colors are yellow (#14) foreground on a blue (#1) background. The upper and lower screen lines (lines 1 and 25) use the same colors but with foreground and background colors reversed. Since only colors numbered 0 through 7 are allowed for background colors, and since yellow is 14, the upper and lower screen line colors are blue foreground and brown (#6) background (14 minus 8). Paginate /p [optional] The paginate switch, /p, causes the output file to be written with page breaks and page headers. The header contains the current system date, the page number and the source file name. To print a paginated file, type either "TYPE filename.ext > PRN" or "PRINT filename.ext" from the DOS command line. Blank lines and form-feeds are inserted in the output file in order to leave two blank lines at the top of the page and three blank lines at the bottom of the page. The header appears on line three of each page, followed by one blank line. On line five is a column header indicating "Variable/Label/Proc" name on the left, and "Physical Line Number" on the right. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 4 If the paginate switch is not selected, the output file is printed without page breaks or headers. This method may be preferable if you use a print formatter like Norton Utilities' LP, which does its own page formatting. In either case, the summary report will be printed on the last page without breaks. Thus if there are not enough lines to print the entire report on what remains of the last page, I insert a form-feed and print it on a new page. Upper-case /u [optional] The upper-case switch, /u, causes the variable, label, procedure and function names to be written to the output file in all upper-case. If this switch is selected, two words, the same in name but written in different case, would only appear once in the output listing. If this switch is not selected, for example, "Label1:", LABEL1:" and "label1:" would all be listed separately. If you use case to clarify your labels, such as, "ThisIsLabelOne:", you will probably choose to not use this switch. Sorting is always done in upper-case order, therefore "AAA", "aaa" and "Aaa" would be treated equally. (Because I use UCASE$(word$) to sort the list, the three previous examples could appear in any order.) Screen /s [optional] The screen switch, /s, causes the sorted list to print to the screen at the same time it prints to the output file. After 22 lines print to the screen, the scroll stops with a "...Press Q to Quit screen list, any other key to continue" message. When you press a key the scroll continues for 22 more lines. If you press <Q> or <ESC> the screen list stops but output to output file continues until the list print is completed. [Note: The list prints to the output file at the same time it prints to the screen. Therefore, if you decide you don't want to see anymore and press <Ctrl><Break>, you will also abort the write to file.] Left Margin /l:n [optional] The left margin switch and parameter, /l:n, will insert a printer setup string at the top of the output file to set the left margin at "n" columns. The left margin range is 0 to 8 columns. Since the page width is 72 columns, having a left margin of more than 8 would push the page off the edge of an 80 column page. If you enter a left margin greater than 8, the value defaults to 8. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 5 [Note: I use the Epson escape sequence, <ESC> "l" n, where n equals the left margin column. If you have a different printer you must modify the code or not use this option.] Word Array Dimension Override /w:n [optional] The word dimension override switch and parameter, /w:n, will override CrossBas' internal word dimension calculation. You may need to use this if the source file is less densely commented than CrossBas expects. Let me explain. CrossBas uses a string array to hold all the words read in from the input file. I use two default parameters to calculate how many words to dimension the word array for. The two parameters are Average Word Length and Packing Factor. The word array will hold all of the non-comment, non-number words found in a source file. To calculate the word array dimension, I first read the source file size in bytes. Then I multiply it by the Packing Factor. The Packing Factor is a number, less than 1, that represents the ratio of non-comment, non-number word bytes versus the total bytes in the file. Then I divide the result by the Average Word Length. These two parameters are read in from the defaults file, CROSSBAS.DEF, when CrossBas first starts. Normally, this calculation is accurate enough. However, if the actual packing factor of a particular source file is considerably greater than the default or the actual average word length is considerably smaller than the default, you may need to use this switch. To use the /w:n switch: approximate the number of words, both Power-BASIC reserved words and non-reserved words: labels, procedure names, function names, variable names, in the source file. Do not include comment words, data words or numbers in the total. This number will become the 'n' parameter of the word array dimension switch. 6 Changing Defaults File 6 Changing Defaults File You can change the defaults file with any ASCII editor. When you run CrossBas the first time it will create CROSSBAS.DEF. The next time it runs it will look for that file in the default directory. If it finds it, CrossBas will read in two parameters: Average Word Length, and Packing Factor. These two parameters are both in the first line of the defaults file, separated by a comma. The rest of the defaults file contains a few lines of text explaining the default parameters. You may do anything you like to this file except modify the format of the first line. Change the values, if you like but be sure the first number, the Average Word Length, is a CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 6 number greater than one. Likewise, the second number, the Packing Factor, must be a decimal number less than one. The two numbers must be separated by a comma. To determine the best default parameters, check the summary report, at the end of your CrossBas listings. It shows the default values used by CrossBas. It also shows the actual parameters that CrossBas found after reading in the words from the source file. After CrossBas-ing a few of your source files, you can get an idea of the Average Word Lengths and Packing Factors you use in your files. 7 The Summary Report 7 The Summary Report A summary report appears at the end of the CrossBas cross- reference file listing. The top two-thirds of the report is the same as what CrossBas prints to the screen as it processes the source file. Your command line options are listed on the top two rows. The next three lines show the read and parse procedure statistics. This is where CrossBas reads in source file text lines, parses them into words and saves all the words that are not comments (REM or '), data words (DATA), operators (*, AND, =, etc.), or numbers. The remaining words get stored in a word array. Line number references for each of the saved words are stored in a line number array. These three lines show the number of lines in the source file, the number of words saved to the word array and the start, end and elapsed processing times. The next three lines show the compare procedure statistics. Up to this point, the word array contains Power-BASIC reserved words, label names, variable names, subprogram (SUB) names and function (FN) names. Now CrossBas compares each word in the word array with Power-BASIC reserved words. If the words compare we do not save them. These three report lines show the number of words compared, the number of non-Power-BASIC words in the source file (if the same word appears 5 times then it is counted as 5 words at this point) and the start, end and elapsed processing times. The next two lines show the sort procedure statistics. CrossBas sorts the remaining words in alphabetical order, without regard for case. These two report lines show the number of words sorted and the start, end and elapsed processing times. The next two lines show the printing to file statistics. CrossBas prints the sorted words to the output file in the manner specified by the command line options. These two lines show the number of unique words (if the same word appears 5 times it is CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 7 counted as only one unique word) printed to the output file and the start, end and elapsed processing times. The next line shows the total CrossBas processing times: start, end and elapsed, from the start of the read and parse procedure to the end of the print to file procedure. Next we have an analysis of the source file. Use this to help you customize your CROSSBAS.DEF file. The total number of bytes used by the word array is taken at the time when it contained both non-reserved words (labels, procedures, functions, variables) and Power-BASIC reserved words. I use this figure (actually a projection of this figure using the input file length and the default Packing Factor) to determine if there will be enough string space to process the source file. The default word array dimension is the number used to dimension the word array. This is a calculated value unless you included a command line override (/w:n). The command line override is shown at the top of the report. If no override option was included, the screen report will show "No o/r." The actual word array dimension is the actual number of words found in the source file. The default Average Word Length is the number read in from the CROSSBAS.DEF file. I use this, along with the default Packing Factor, to calculate the default word array dimension. The actual average word length is the actual average word length of the non-reserved words in the source file. I guess that explains itself. The default Packing Factor is the number read in from the CROSSBAS.DEF file (a number less than one). I use this, along with the Average Word Length, to calculate the word array dimension. I use this also to determine if there is enough string space to process the source file. Finally, we list the source and output file names and sizes. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 8 -+-+-+- Summary Report -+-+-+- Options: Upper-case: No Screen: No Paginate: Yes Left Margin: 6 ArrayDim: No o/r Read: 448 lines from source file CROSSBAS.INC Found: 919 non-comment words. Times: Start: 15:06:59 End: 15:07:16 Elapsed: 00:00:17 Compared: 919 non-comment words from source file CROSSBAS.INC Found: 432 non-reserved words (variables, labels, procedures) Times: Start: 15:07:17 End: 15:07:27 Elapsed: 00:00:10 Sorted: 432 non-reserved words (variables, labels, procedures) Times: Start: 15:07:28 End: 15:08:01 Elapsed: 00:00:33 Printed: 93 unique, non-reserved words to CROSSBAS.CBI Times: Start: 15:08:02 End: 15:08:04 Elapsed: 00:00:02 Totals: Start: 15:06:59 End: 15:08:04 Elapsed: 00:01:05 Word Array Size: 4,852 bytes Default Word Array Dim.: 1,124 wds Actual Word Array Dim.: 919 wds Default Avg.Word Length: 6 byt Actual Avg.Word Length: 5 byt Default Packing Factor: 45.00 % Actual Packing Factor: 32.35 % Source, CROSSBAS.INC, File size: 14,998 bytes Cross-Ref, CROSSBAS.CBI, File size: 6,984 bytes Figure 1: Summary Report Example Figure 1 8 What CrossBas Does 8 What CrossBas Does CrossBas' main program flow consists of a series of GOSUB- type subroutines. The following is a description of each one in the order in which they occur. 8.1 Initialize 8.1 Initialize Initialize the screen type and color variables. Most of my numbers will be integers so I define all number variables as integers. Set up an error trap. 8.2 InitScreen 8.2 InitScreen Print initializing message to the screen. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 9 8.3 ReadCmdLine 8.3 ReadCmdLine Read in the DOS command line parameters. Set up the paginate, screen print and upper-case flags, and the left margin and word array dimension variables. Get input file path/name. The second parameter that is not a valid switch is assumed to be the output file path/name. If no input file path/name is found then print the appropriate message to the screen and die. 8.4 OpenFiles 8.4 OpenFiles Attempt to open the input and output files. If I fail while opening the input file, I check to see if it has an extension. If it doesn't, I append ".bas" and try again. If I fail again, I print the appropriate message to the screen and die. If the input I open the input file ok, I next attempt to open the output file. If no file path/name is given I append ".cb" to the end of the input file (after stripping the extension, if one exists). If I fail, I somewhere along the way, I print the appropriate message to the screen and die. If I am successful I close the output file until I'm ready to write to it. [Note: A previously existing file with the same name as the output file is, at this point, replaced by a file of 0 bytes.] 8.5 CalcFileNames 8.5 CalcFileNames Strip off the drive and directory specs from the input and output file path/names. I use these stripped names for output file page headers and screen and file report headers. 8.6 ReadDefaults 8.6 ReadDefaults Read in the default values for Average Word Length and Packing Factor from the defaults file, CROSSBAS.DEF. If this file does not exist, I make one. If you run CrossBas from other than its home directory, it will not find its defaults file and will create a new one in the default directory. This won't bother CrossBas but if you have modified the CROSSBAS.DEF and are assuming your modified default parameters will be used, you may be surprised. In that case, you had better change directory to the CrossBas directory and run the program from there. See the default section for more on modifying the defaults file. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 10 8.7 CheckStringSpace 8.7 CheckStringSpace [Note: I removed this subroutine from the Power-BASIC version of CrossBas because of PB's increased string space capacity. To use it with Turbo-BASIC, reinstall.] Check to see that there is enough free string space for storing the anticipated input file words. I read the input file size and multiply it by the packing factor. This should give me the approximate number of bytes of non-comment, non-number words in the input file. Then I compare this "effective file size" with the free string space. If not enough string space, I print the appropriate message to the screen and die. 8.8 CalcWordArraySize 8.8 CalcWordArraySize First check to see if there is a command line Word Array Dimension override (/w:n). If so, use this value to dimension the word array. If not calculate the approximate number of words in the input file. Find the effective input file size by multiplying the input file size by the Packing Factor. Then divide the effective file size by the Average Word Length. Packing Factor and Average Word Length are values read in from the defaults file in the ReadDefaults section. 8.9 PrintScreenTop 8.9 PrintScreenTop Print the first few lines of the screen report. These show the input file name, less any drive or directory specifications; the condition of the three command line switch flags; and the option values for left margin and word array dimension override. 8.10 ReadAndParseData 8.10 ReadAndParseData Read in the input file line by line, and parse out the non- comment, non-number words. Save these words, along with their physical line numbers in separate arrays. Keep a running total of the bytes in the word array. Print the current input file line number and word to the status bar at the bottom of the screen after every input file line. Also, check the free string space after each line and, if it gets below 300 bytes (249 column limit per line, plus a few extra for good measure) then abort and print the appropriate message to the screen and die. 8.11 PrintScreen1 8.11 PrintScreen1 Print the number of lines read from the input file, the number of non-comment, non-number words read and saved in the word array, and the start and end times for the operation to the screen. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 11 8.12 Compare 8.12 Compare Compare the word array words with Power-BASIC reserved words. If the words are not Power-BASIC words, then save them and their associated line-number array elements. Print the current word number to the status bar at the bottom of the screen after every non-Power-BASIC word is saved. By checking the first letter of the word array word, I only need to compare the word array word with Power-BASIC words beginning with the same letter. Save the non-Power-BASIC words back into the same array but at a lower location. Lets say words 1,2 and 3 were Power-BASIC words. Word 4 is a label. Therefore I save word array element number 4 back to the same array but as element 1. I also save the associated line-number array element, in this case, 4 to 1. When I have compared all the words in the array, I blank out the remaining, non-used elements in the word array to free up string space. 8.13 PrintScreen2 8.13 PrintScreen2 Print the number of non-reserved words saved back to the word array and the start and end times for the operation to the screen. 8.14 Sort 8.14 Sort Sort the remaining non-Power-BASIC words into alphabetical order. I use a modified bubble sort and compare upper-case values of the words. Print the current pass to the status bar at the bottom of the screen. If there are J words in the word array then I make J-1 passes through the array, comparing a word with the word after it. If the words are in order, I check the next two words. If the words are out of order I swap them and their associated line-number array elements. If I make an entire pass without making any swaps, then the sorting is complete. 8.15 PrintScreen3 8.15 PrintScreen3 Print the number of non-reserved words sorted and the start and end times for the operation to the screen. 8.16 PrintList 8.16 PrintList Print the word list to the output file. The words are listed in the left column. The associated line numbers are listed in the right eight columns. Print the current page and word number to the status bar at the bottom of the screen. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 12 o If a left margin (/l:n) is selected, print the printer setup string at the top of the file. o If the upper-case switch (/u) is selected, convert the words at print time. o If the screen print switch (/s) is selected, print the words and line-numbers to the screen as they print to file. o If the paginate switch (/p) is selected, print a page header at the top of each page and a form-feed at the bottom of each page. 8.17 PrintReportBtm 8.17 PrintReportBtm Print the summary report on the last page of the report. If the paginate switch (/s) is selected then if there is not enough room on the last page for the entire report, send out a form-feed and put it on a new page. If the paginate switch is not selected then send out a form-feed to start a new page. The report contains read, compare, sort and print information, similar to that displayed on the screen. Additionally I print total procedure times; source and output file sizes; word array words and bytes, both default and actual; and Packing Factors and Average Word Lengths, default and actual. 8.18 PrintScreen4 8.18 PrintScreen4 Print the number of unique words printed to the output file and the start and end times for the operation to the screen. Erase the status bar and print a "CrossBas finished" message. 8.19 End Routines 8.19 End Routines Finally, I close all open files, flush the keyboard buffer and wait for the user to acknowledge he has read the report screen by pressing a key. I included this step because some versions of DOS erase the screen when they reload COMMAND.COM. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 13 Appendix AAppendix A CrossBas FilesCrossBas Files CrossBas uses the following files: CRSBAS.ZIP CrossBas archive file that contains the CrossBas files. CROSSBAS.EXE CrossBas executable file. CROSSBAS.DEF CrossBas defaults file. (CrossBas creates this file the first time it runs.) CROSSBAS.BAS CrossBas main source file. CROSSBAS.INC CrossBas subprograms file. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas document file (this file). CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 14 CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 15 Appendix BAppendix B Modification HistoryModification History version 1.00P 12/ 1/90 Uploaded CrossBas version 1.00P to CompuServe PCVENB, Spectra forum. version 1.000 11/13/89 Uploaded CrossBas version. 1.00 to CompuServe BPROGA forum, LIB 9. KEYWORDS: CROSS-REFERENCE, TABLE, LIST, NON-RESERVED WORDS, BASIC, CREF, XREF Description: CrossBas will read in a Power-BASIC source file and create an alphabetized cross-reference listing of non-reserved words, i.e., variable, subprogram, function and label names, along with the physical line number(s) where they appear. The list is printed to file. Handy for cleaning up unused variable names, labels, etc. CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 16 CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 17 Appendix CAppendix C Power-BASIC Reserved WordsPower-BASIC Reserved Words $COM BLOAD DEF FILEATTR() $COM1 BSAVE DEFBCD FILES $COM2 DEFDBL FIX() $COMPILE CALL DEFEXT FIXDIGITS $CPU CASE DEFFIX FLEXCHR$ $DEBUG CBCD() DEFFLX FN $DYNAMIC CDBL() DEFINT FOR $ELSE CEIL() DEFLNG FRE() $ENDIF CTEXT() DEFQUD FREEFILE $ERROR CFIX() DEFSNG FROM $EVENT CHAIN DEFSTR FUNCTION $FLOAT CHDIR DELAY $IF CHR$() DELETE GET $INCLUDE CINT() DESCEND GET() $INLINE CIRCLE() DIM GET$ $LIB CLEAR DO GOSUB $LINK CLNG() DRAW GOTO $LIST CLOSE DYNAMIC $OPTION CLS HEX$() $SEGMENT COLLATE ELSE $SOUND COLOR ELSEIF IF $STACK COM() END IMP $STATIC COMMAND$ ENDMEM IN $STRING COMMON ENVIRON INCR COS() ENVIRON$() INKEY$ ABS() CQUD() EOF() INP() ABSOLUTE CSNG() EQV INPUT AND CSRLIN ERADR INPUT # ANY CVB() ERASE INPUT$() APPEND CVD() ERDEV INSERT ARRAY CVE() ERDEV$ INSTAT AS CVF() ERL INSTR() ASC() CVI() ERR INT() ASCEND CVL() ERROR INTERRUPT ASCII() CVMD() EXECUTE IOCTL DATA CVMS() EXIT IOCTL$ AT CVQ() EXP() ATN() CVS() EXP10() KEY EXP2() KEY() BASE DATA EXTERNAL KILL BEEP DATE$ EXTRACT$() BIN$() DECLARE LBOUND() BINARY DECR FIELD LCASE$() CROSSBAS.DOC CrossBas Manual page 18 LEFT$() OCT$() RESET TALLY() LEN() OFF RESTORE TAN() LET ON RESUME THEN LINE OPEN RETURN TIME$ LINE() OPTION RIGHT$() TIMER LIST OR RMDIR TIMER() LOC() OUT RND TO LOCAL OUTPUT RND() TROFF LOCATE ROUND() TRON LOF() PAINT() RSET LOG() PALETTE RTRIM$() UBOUND() LOG10() PEEK() RUN UCASE LOG2() PEEK$() UCASE$() LOOP PEEKI() SAVE UNTIL LPOS() PEEKL() SCAN USING LPRINT PEN SCREEN USING$() LPRINT # PEN() SCREEN() USR LSET PLAY SEEK USR0 LTRIM$() PLAY() SEG USR1 PMAP() SELECT USR2 MAP POINT() SERVICE USR3 MAX() POKE SGN() USR4 MAX$() POKE$ SHARED USR5 MAX%() POKEI SHELL USR6 MEMSET POKEL SIN() USR7 MID$() POS SORT USR8 MIN() POS() SOUND USR9 MIN$() PRESET SPACE$() MIN%() PRINT SPC() VAL() MKDIR PRINT # SQR() VARPTR() MKB$() PSET() STATIC VARPTR$() MKD$() PUBLIC STEP VARSEG() MKE$() PUT STICK() VERIFY() MKF$() PUT() STOP VIEW MKI$() PUT$ STR$() VIEW() MKL$() STRIG MKMD$() RANDOM STRIG() WAIT MKMS$() RANDOMIZE STRING$() WEND MKQ$() READ STRPTR() WHILE MKS$() REDIM STRSEG() WIDTH MOD REG SUB WINDOW MTIMER REG() SWAP WINDOW() REM SYSTEM WITH NAME REMOVE$() WRITE NEXT REPEAT$() TAB() WRITE # NOT REPLACE TAGARRAY XOR