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-
- This is the README file for DJ's GCC port to DOS.
-
- Contents:
- * Overview
- * What's available
- * How to install
- * Common questions
- * Deviations and Caveats
- * Copyright information
-
- Disclaimer: This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
- even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- PURPOSE.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Overview:
-
- This package contains a 32-bit 80386 DOS extender with symbolic
- debugger, a C/C++ compiler with utilities, development libraries, and
- source code. It generates full 32-bit programs and supports full
- virtual memory with paging to disk.
-
- Requirements:
-
- A 80386-based IBM compatible PC or PS/2 is required. The 80387 emulator
- currently does not emulate trancendental functions (exp, sin, etc).
- Approximately 4-5Mb of hard drive space is required. 640K RAM is
- required.
-
- Supported Wares:
-
- * Up to 128M of extended (not expanded) memory
- * Up to 128M of disk space used for swapping
- * SuperVGA 256-color mode up to 1024x768
- * 80387
- * XMS & VDISK memory allocation strategies
-
- Unsupported:
-
- * V86 programs, like QEMM, 386MAX, DesqView, Windows/386, etc.
-
-
-
-
-
- File location:
-
- host: grape.ecs.clarkson.edu
- login: ftp
- password: send your e-mail address
- directory: ~ftp/pub/msdos/djgcc
-
- NOTE: In accordance with FSF CopyLeft, you are not allowed to upload
- this program to a distribution site unless that site also makes the FSF
- sources for these programs available. Please read the file COPYING for
- more details. FSF sources are available on prep.ai.mit.edu, and on
- either grape.ecs.clarkson.edu or sun.soe.clarkson.edu
-
- NOTE: If your application links in object modules that were written
- by FSF, your application counts as a "derived work" and must obey
- the provisions of the FSF Copyrights. See the file COPYING for
- details. Specifically, the C++ classes in libc.a and obstacks are
- FSF works that are covered by the GNU GPL. The mere act of compiling
- does not affect the copyright status of your program.
-
-
- File formats:
-
- .ZIP format - djgpp.zip - one 2.2M file, contains everything.
-
- split .ZIP - djgppzip.000 through djgppzip.065 (or so), each
- 32K. Use the merge program to merge them into
- djgpp.zip ("merge djgppzip djgpp.zip").
-
- other - readme, merge.c/.exe, split.c/.exe are separately available
-
-
-
- Directories:
-
- bin all binaries (cpp, cc1, extender, etc)
- lib all libraries (crt0.*, libc.a, libgr.a, libpc.a)
- include all include files (arc'd tar file)
- docs all documents (including this one)
- go32 sources for the extender
- drivers various SuperVGA drivers
- libsrc sources for the libraries (arc'd tar file)
- diffs diffs from FSF distributions to dos-compilable
- utils sources for the utilities
- samples sample C++ sources using graphics & mouse
- emu387 80387 emulator for non-80387 systems (currently TEST version)
-
-
- bin:
- bison.exe lalr(1) parser
- flex.exe lexical parser
- cpp.exe C and C++ preprocessor
- cc1.exe C compiler
- cc1plus.exe C++ compiler
- as.exe 80386/80387 assembler
- ld.exe a.out (BSD) format linker
- ar.exe archive utility
- nm.exe name list utility
- size.exe a.out section size utility
- strip.exe symbol stripper
- objdump.exe display info from .o file
- gcc.exe compilation coordinator
- go32.exe basic 32-bit DOS extender
- debug32.exe 32-bit DOS extender with symbolic debugger
- stub.exe stub to prepend on aout files to make .exe files
- aout2exe.bat turns aout file to .exe by prepending stub.exe
- diff.exe creates diffs, including context diffs
- patch.exe patches source from diffs, including context diffs
- djtarx.exe tar extractor for FSF tarfiles if you don't have a tar
- utod.exe convert Unix text files to DOS text files
- dtou.exe convert DOS text files to Unix text files
- split.exe split big binaries into many little binaries
- merge.exe merge many little binaries back into one big binary
-
- lib:
-
- libc.a all standard routines (BSD style), and C++ methods & support
- libm.a math routines
- libgr.a graphics routines and mouse support
- libpc.a routines for PC support (in/out, getkey, kbhit, screen utils)
- crt0.s C runtime source
- crt0.o C runtime object
- bison.simple bison support
- bison.hairy bison support
- flex.skel flex support file
- libflex.a flex support library
-
- include:
-
- Most BSD-style and SYSV-style include files. These mostly came from
- the G++ sources.
- sys/*.h MS-DOS specific
- graphics.h for libgr.a
- pc.h for libpc.a
- mouse.h for mouse routines in libgr.a
-
- docs:
-
- readme this document
- copying GNU General Public License
- copying.dj Copyright information for items (C) DJ Delorie
- debug32.doc instructions for the symbolic debugger
- internal.doc information about how the extender works
- libc.a differences and enhancements
- libm.a list of implemented functions
- libpc.a documentation
- libgr.a documentation
-
- go32:
-
- sources for the extender. Requires Turbo C and Turbo Assembler
-
- drivers:
-
- VGA and SuperVGA drivers - source and binary. Use the GO32 environment
- variable to select and configure one of these according to the VGA card
- you have.
-
- libsrc:
-
- Sources for the libraries. These are compiled with gcc. The makefile
- is set up for NDMAKE. The source files came from three sources:
-
- (1) Me. Mostly the system call routines, and some string routines.
- All of libpc.a, libgr.a, libm.a .
- (2) FSF. These are the GCC support routines, C++ support, and
- other routines that came with gcc (malloc, obstack, alloca, etc)
- (3) BSD. These are mostly the stdio and stdlib routines, and
- the rest of the string routines. BSD requires that I mention
- that their sources are copyright BSD and that I have modified
- some to comply with the include files provided by FSF. These
- sources are the "freed files" everyone keeps talking about.
-
- diffs:
-
- Context diffs from the original FSF sources to the GNUDOS sources. See
- the README and VERSIONS files in that directory for more info.
-
- utils:
-
- Sources for djtarx, utod, dtou, split, and merge.
-
- samples:
-
- Various samples showing how to use the mouse, graphics, C++, setjmp(),
- etc.
-
- emu387:
-
- 80387 emulator and source code. Currently, this is a TEST version, as
- I'm not done with it yet. Trig, log, exp functions are missing, for
- starters. I don't expect this to work perfectly, but should cover
- most normal floating point math. To use, add "emu /djgcc/emu387/emu387"
- to the GO32 environment variable. (ie: set GO32=emu /djgcc/emu387/emu387)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- INSTALLING:
-
- To install, you must do the following:
-
- * Create a directory to install in, like c:\djgpp.
-
- * Create a "temp" directory, like c:\tmp.
-
- * Un-zip djgpp.zip in that directory.
- C:\DJGPP> pkunzip -d djgpp.zip
-
- * Add the following lines to C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT:
- set gccbin=c:/djgpp/bin
- set gccinc=c:/djgpp/include
- set gcclib=c:/djgpp/lib
- set gcctmp=c:/tmp (TMP and TEMP are checked if this isn't set)
- set go32=ansi driver c:/djgpp/drivers/tseng4k.grd gw 1024 gh 768
- ^^^ or whatever driver works with your VGA (optional)
- set bison_simple=c:/djgpp/lib/bison.simple
- set bison_hairy=c:/djgpp/lib/bison.hairy
- set flex_skeleton=c:/djgpp/lib/flex.skeleton
- Remember that unless you manually type these at the command line,
- they won't take effect until you reboot. Don't include the "ansi"
- keyword in the "go32" variable if you don't have an ANSI.SYS driver
- or equivalent.
-
- * Add your binaries directory to your PATH in C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
- SET PATH= . . . ;C:\DJGPP\BIN
-
- That's it! G++ is now installed on your system.
-
-
-
-
-
- The GO32 environment variable:
-
-
- This variable controls the options available in go32 or debug32. The
- syntax of this variable is:
-
- SET GO32=[parm [value]] [parm [value]] . . .
-
- Parameters:
-
- ansi Use ANSI commands to control the color in debug32
- mono Use the Monochrome monitor for debugging - useful when
- debugging graphics applications
- emu [path] Use the specified file as the 80387 emulator
- driver [path] Use the specified file as the graphics driver
- gw [width] Default graphics width
- gh [height] Default graphics height
- tw [width] Default text width
- th [height] Default text height
-
- These parameters may occur in any order.
-
- Examples:
-
- C:\> set go32=mono driver c:\djgpp\drivers\tseng4k.grd gw 1024 gh 768 tw 132 th 43
- C:\> set go32=ansi
- C:\> set go32=driver c:\djgpp\drivers\tseng4k.grd ansi
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Common Questions:
-
- Q: When I run "gcc e:\proj\prog.c" it says "undefined escape sequence \p"?
- A: Gcc is a *unix* compiler - you must use *unix* slashes (e:/proj/prog.c).
- Environment variables (like GCCINC) may, however, use either, as they
- are converted.
-
- Q: I type "GCC PROG.C" and ld complains about PROG.C not being an object.
- Q: I type "gcc prog.cxx" to compile a C++ program, and ld complains.
- A: Gcc is *not* case insensitive like DOS is, and it uses the file's
- extension to determine how to compile a file. Valid extensions are:
- .cc = C++ source (passed through cpp)
- .c = C source that must be passed through cpp first
- .i = raw C source (no cpp pass)
- .S = assembler that must be passed through cpp first
- .s = raw assembler source (no cpp pass)
- any other file is passed to the linker
-
- Q: I compile my program, but can't run the output file.
- A: DOS doesn't know how to run unix-style a.out files. That's what the
- extender is for. To run an a.out file called myprog, type
- "go32 myprog . . ."
-
- Q: Gcc doesn't recognize // as a comment in my C programs.
- A: That's because // isn't a comment in C. If you want to compile C++,
- then write C++ programs. Gcc is really two compilers in one, not
- one compiler that compiles both C and C++. That's why you get
- cc1 and cc1plus.
-
- Q: I'm reading in data files, but the data gets corrupted.
- A: The default file type is DOS text, even for read() and write(). You must
- tell the system that a file is binary through the "b" flag in fopen(),
- or O_BINARY in open().
-
- Q: I get "fatal signal 2" when I run gcc.
- A: When gcc reports a "signal", it really means that an error occurred
- trying to run the given program. The "signal" number is the DOS error
- code, and 2 means "file not found". Check the GCCBIN environment
- variable and make sure it points to the directory with cpp.exe,
- cc1.exe, etc.
-
- Q: The binaries I get with the distribution are .exe files, but gcc creates
- a.out files. I rename the a.out's to .EXE's, but they still don't work.
- A: To get an .EXE from an a.out, you must *prepend* either go32.exe,
- debug32.exe, or stub.exe to the file:
- copy /b stub.exe+myprog myprog.exe
-
- Q: What is stub.exe?
- A: Stub.exe simply calles go32.exe, and passes it information it needs to
- run the a.out file attached to it. Stub is much smaller than go32, so
- less disk space is used. Also, if you change go32, you don't have to
- change stub, and all the stub-ized programs will use the new go32
- automatically.
-
- Q: I want to change cc1. How do I do this?
- A: First, get the GNU sources from FSF. They're usually available at
- prep.ai.mit.edu in /u/emacs, if not elsewhere. Use djtarx to un-tar
- them, as djtarx knows how to handle unix file names that aren't valid
- DOS file names. Look in the "diffs" sources to see what to change the
- names to when they conflict. Next, apply the "diffs" over the
- GNU sources (making sure you have the right version of GNU - see the
- versions file). For the gcc-1.39 sources, you must run utod (or some
- other unix-to-dos converter) to compile gcc.exe, then run config-d.bat,
- then run makeall.bat. For gpp-1.39, copy the g++ sources over the
- completed gcc sources, apply the gpp diffs, then run makeall.bat (gpp's
- now). For all other programs, just run make. Note that the makefiles
- are tuned for ndmake, since it knows how to make response files.
-
- Q: I don't have an 80387. How do I compile floating point programs?
- A: Add "emu c:\djgpp\emu387\emu387" to the GO32 environment variable
- (see go32 section above). This tells go32 to use the given file
- as an 80387 emulator. This emulator does not support trancendental
- functions like exp or sin yet, but it works well enough for compiles
- and standard +-*/ functions, including sqrt(). If you don't load
- this emulator, and you try to run floating point without a 387,
- you will get an error.
-
- Q: I installed an 80387 emulator in my AUTOEXEC, but it still doesn't
- work. Why?
- A: The CPU is running in *protected* mode, not real mode, and the information
- needed to emulate the 80387 is different. Not to mention that the
- exceptions never get to the real-mode handler. You must use the emu387
- emulator, which is designed for go32.
-
- Q: I can't run a.out programs under {QEMM,386MAX,Windows}.
- A: Nope, you can't. These applications put the CPU into V86 mode, not
- real mode, so go32 can't manage the real-protected interface
- properly. Go32 literally *takes over* the computer in order to
- properly service the application it is running.
-
- Q: Can I run this on my 286? It has protected mode also...
- A: True, but the 286 isn't a 32-bit processor. A 386 really is required.
-
- Q: Can I use gcc on my 512K machine?
- A: Yes, but the disk better have at least 4Mb of free space for paging.
- Go32 will use all available extended memory (up to 128M) and up to
- 128M of disk space, for a grand total of 256M of virtual memory for
- your application. Try a malloc(50*1024*1024) some day.
-
- Q: Why do my compiles are running VERY SLOW, even though I use a ramdisk
- for swap and a disk cache?
- A: Gcc requires at least 1Mb of virtual memory to run, usually close to 1.5M.
- If there isn't this much real memory available, it starts paging to disk.
- It's good to leave about 1M of extended (not expanded) memory available
- for go32 to run programs with. When it needs to page a lot, you spend
- most of your time paging and little time actually running.
-
- Q: How much memory is available when I use the system() call?
- A: Everything but what go32 is loaded with. The program is completely
- paged out to memory (including the page tables themselves) before
- the second program is executed.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Deviations and Caveats:
-
- GCC/G++ deviates from the U**x version in a number of ways, mostly to
- accomodate deficiencies in the MS-DOS environment, and my own laziness.
-
- * An 80387 is required to do floating point. An emulator is provided,
- but it does not support all the 80387 functions (it does +-*/ sqrt).
- cc1 and cc1plus shouldn't use the 387 unless compiling floating point
- code. The environment variable "387" can override the auto-detection
- routine:
- SET 387=YES to force 387 handlers to be enabled
- SET 387=NO to force 387 accesses to fault
- SET 387=QUERY to get a message showing the results of the auto-detection
- If no 80387 is present and the program attempts to use it, a message
- indicating where the instruction is will be displayed. To use the
- 387 emulator, add "emu c:\djgpp\emu387\emu387" to the GO32 environment
- variable
-
- * The VDISK method of allocating extended memory is supported. The
- INT 15h method is also. When the extender runs out of conventional and
- extended memory, it uses a paging file named $(GCCTMP)/pageXXXX.386, where
- XXXX is an unspecified hex value. This file is normally removed on exit.
-
- * Up to 128 MB of physical memory and 128 MB of disk swap space are allowed.
- A 512K machine is sufficient, but very slow due to paging.
-
- * The utilies support the MS-DOS standard response file method for giving
- more than 128 bytes of command line. Example: "gcc -o foo @foo.lnk" where
- foo.lnk contains a list of .o files.
-
- * Since MS-DOS does not distinguish case in file names, some .h files
- used for C++ have had underscores prepended to them to avoid conflict
- (ie: String.h conflicts with string.h, so it became _String.h).
-
- * When using ar to create archives, be warned that the ar version
- supplied cannot update an archive that's been sequenced (ar s foo.a),
- and cannot sequence a file that's been sequenced. Also, ld cannot
- use an archive that's not sequenced. The following method is suggested:
- ar rv mylib.a $(OBJS)
- cp mylib.a mylib2.a
- ar rvs mylib2.a
- (and then link with mylib2.a)
-
- * The extender can be added to any gcc-compiled program by copying go32.exe
- to be <program>.exe, where <program> is the 32-bit program. For example,
- cc1plus is a gcc-compiled a.out file. cc1plus.exe is a copy of go32.exe.
- When the extender runs, it looks for a file of the same name but without
- extension in the same directory, and executes it if present. Otherwise,
- the first parameter is the executable (ie: go32 cc1plus foo.cc).
-
- * The extender can be merged to create one .exe file that is the extender
- and the executable in one file, by using the stub.exe program:
- copy /b stub.exe+myprog myprog.exe
- This will only work if go32.exe is in your search path, because stub.exe
- runs it. Alternatively, you can prepend go32.exe itself to an a.out file
- to get a single executable (stub.exe is much smaller). Note that if
- you re-compile go32 or stub, you must strip off the symbol table first.
-
- * The extender runs programs at logical address 0. A copy of the first
- 1 MB of physical memory (including the AT channel) is mapped to
- 0xE0000000 in the program's address space. The stack grows down from
- 0x7FFFFFFC in the program's address space. Data usually starts at
- 0x00400000.
-
- * The paging mechanism understands how SuperVGA's map their memory onto
- the AT bus and automatically swaps pages as the program tries to
- access them. The program sees a linear range from 0xD0000000 to
- 0xD0100000 that corresponds to each pixel in the 256-color modes
- of SuperVGAs. To use this feature, you'll have to set the GO32
- environment variable like this:
- C>set go32=driver c:\djgpp\drivers\tseng4k.grd gw 640 gh 480 tw 132 th 43
- These parameter pairs can be omitted or rearranged as needed. They are
- the "driver" name, default graphics width and height, and default
- text width and height. Libgr.a doesn't have to be recompiled, nor
- do graphics programs, when a different graphics mode is selected
- (the extender handles it). It is strongly recommended that the program
- use the GR_default_graphics and GR_default_text modes to switch to
- graphics or text. These modes use the parameters specified by the
- GO32 environment variable, allowing the user to select a favorite
- graphics and text mode.
-
- * Symbols are stored in virtual memory, so you won't run out of symbol
- space until both extended memory and the disk are all used up. For
- large programs, you might notice a slight delay while it looks up
- symbols.
-
- * Signals are not reported to the program. However, interrupts do continue
- to get serviced while in protected mode (ie: keypress, timer, etc).
- CTRL-C will get you back to the debugger in debug32, and you can continue
- from where you stopped. All signals (ie: exceptions) cause debugging
- traps in debug32, or general faults in go32.
-
-
-
- Copyright Information:
-
- * Source code for the GNU utilities is copyright (c) Free Software Foundation.
- For more information on the FSF copyright, see their source code or write
- Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- A copy of their file "COPYING" is included in doc.arc. Some of the FSF
- source code has been modified to operate properly in the MS-DOS environment.
-
- * Source code for most of libc.a are copyright (c) Regents of the University
- of California. These files include copyright information in them. The
- utilities are compiled against these libraries, and thus contain software
- developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and its contributors.
- Some of the BSD source code has been modified to operate properly in the
- MS-DOS environment.
-
- * Any sources not falling under the copyrights of FSF or UCB (as above) are
- Copyright (c) 1991 DJ Delorie, 24 Kirsten Ave, Rochester NH 03867-2954.
- To contact me via E-Mail, sent to "dj@ctron.com". Cabletron Systems Inc
- is in no way involved with this project; I just happen to work for them
- during the day.
-
- Terms and Conditions:
-
- * Source code copyright FSF is distributed under the terms of the GNU
- Public General License. See the file "COPYING" in doc.arc for more
- information. If your program links in object modules (in libc.a) that
- are compiled from GNU sources, then your entire program must be
- distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL as a "derived work". These
- modules are the C++ class library (including the streams classes) and
- obstacks. The sources in libsrc have the copyright notices in them
- for the various modules.
-
- * Source code copyright UCB is distributed under the terms listed in the
- UCB source code itself.
-
- * Source code copyright DJ Delorie is distributed under the terms of the
- GNU General Public Licence, with the following exceptions:
- (source code and executables copyright DJ Delorie are referred to as
- "djcode" below)
-
- 1 If the user of this software develops an application that requires
- djcode to run, and that application is distributed under the terms
- of the GNU General Public License (GPL), a binary executable of
- djcode may be distributed with binary executables of the application,
- and source files for djcode must be available with source files for
- the application, under the terms of the GNU GPL.
-
- 2 If the user of this software develops an application that requires
- djcode to run, and that application is NOT distributed under the terms
- of the GNU General Public License (GPL), a binary executable of
- djcode may be distributed with binary executables of the application,
- provided a royalty of 5% of the total sale price or $5 (whichever is
- more) per copy sold is paid to DJ Delorie (at the address above).
- Requests for exceptions may be made to DJ Delorie, but the granting of
- an exception covers only the work excepted and does not apply to
- other works, even if distributed under the same conditions. Exceptions
- will not be granted for any work sold for profit.
-
- 3 A person or organization who develops software that requires djcode
- but does not distribute that software under the terms of the GNU GPL
- relinquishes all rights to obtain or redistribute the source code
- for djcode, including any rights granted by the GNU General Public
- License, and may only distribute executables of djcode under the
- terms of exception 2, above.
-
- The intent of this copyright is this: If you make money by using the
- programs I wrote, I get some of it. If you use your sources to
- teach others how to write programs, I'll support you.
-
- Changes to source code copyright BSD or FSF are copyright DJ Delorie, but
- fall under the terms of the original copyright.
-
-
-
-
-
- Donations may be made to any of the following:
-
- DJ Delorie
- 24 Kirsten Ave
- Rochester, NH 03867-2954
- USA
-
- Free Software Foundation
- 675 Mass Ave
- Cambridge, MA 02139
- USA
-
- University of California
- Berkeley, CA (sorry, I don't know their ZIP code)
- USA
-