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- EMBARGOED UNTIL: 3:00 PM (EST) November 2, 1995
-
- CONTACT: Don Savage
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC
- (Phone: 202-358-1547)
-
- Fred Brown
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- (Phone: 301-286-5566)
-
- Ray Villard
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD
- (Phone: 410-338-4514)
-
- PRESS RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR95-44
-
-
- EMBRYONIC STARS EMERGE FROM INTERSTELLAR "EGGS"
-
- Eerie, dramatic new pictures from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope show
- newborn stars emerging from "eggs" -- not the barnyard variety -- but
- rather dense, compact pockets of interstellar gas called evaporating
- gaseous globules (EGGs). Hubble found the "EGGs," appropriately
- enough, in the Eagle nebula, a nearby star-forming region 7,000 light-
- years away in the constellation Serpens.
-
- "For a long time astronomers have speculated about what processes
- control the sizes of stars -- about why stars are the sizes that they
- are," said Jeff Hester of Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. "Now in
- M16 we seem to be watching at least one such process at work right in
- front of our eyes."
-
- Striking pictures taken by Hester and co-investigators with Hubble's
- Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) resolve the EGGs at the tip
- of finger-like features protruding from monstrous columns of cold gas
- and dust in the Eagle nebula (also called M16 -- 16th object in the
- Messier catalog). The columns -- dubbed "elephant trunks" -- protrude
- from the wall of a vast cloud of molecular hydrogen, like stalagmites
- rising above the floor of a cavern. Inside the gaseous towers, which
- are light-years long, the interstellar gas is dense enough to collapse
- under its own weight, forming young stars that continue to grow as they
- accumulate more and more mass from their surroundings.
-
- Hubble gives a clear look at what happens as a torrent of ultraviolet
- light from nearby young, hot stars heats the gas along the surface of
- the pillars, "boiling it away" into interstellar space -- a process
- called "photoevaporation. "The Hubble pictures show photoevaporating
- gas as ghostly streamers flowing away from the columns. But not all of
- the gas boils off at the same rate. The EGGs, which are denser than
- their surroundings, are left behind after the gas around them is gone.
-
- "It's a bit like a wind storm in the desert," said Hester. "As the
- wind blows away the lighter sand, heavier rocks buried in the sand are
- uncovered. But in M16, instead of rocks, the ultraviolet light is
- uncovering the denser egg-like globules of gas that surround stars that
- were forming inside the gigantic gas columns."
-
- Some EGGs appear as nothing but tiny bumps on the surface of the
- columns. Others have been uncovered more completely, and now resemble
- "fingers" of gas protruding from the larger cloud. (The fingers are gas
- that has been protected from photoevaporation by the shadows of the
- EGGs). Some EGGs have pinched off completely from the larger column
- from which they emerged, and now look like teardrops in space.
-
- By stringing together these pictures of EGGs caught at different stages
- of being uncovered, Hester and his colleagues from the Wide Field and
- Planetary Camera Investigation Definition Team are getting an
- unprecedented look at what stars and their surroundings look like
- before they are truly stars.
-
- "This is the first time that we have actually seen the process of
- forming stars being uncovered by photoevaporation," Hester emphasized.
- "In some ways it seems more like archaeology than astronomy. The
- ultraviolet light from nearby stars does the digging for us, and we
- study what is unearthed."
-
- "In a few cases we can see the stars in the EGGs directly in the WFPC2
- images," says Hester. "As soon as the star in an EGG is exposed, the
- object looks something like an ice cream cone, with a newly uncovered
- star playing the role of the cherry on top."
-
- Ultimately, photoevaporation inhibits the further growth of the
- embyronic stars by dispersing the cloud of gas they were "feeding"
- from. "We believe that the stars in M16 were continuing to grow as
- more and more gas fell onto them, right up until the moment that they
- were cut off from that surrounding material by photoevaporation," said
- Hester.
-
- This process is markedly different from the process that governs the
- sizes of stars forming in isolation. Some astronomers believe that,
- left to its own devices, a star will continue to grow until it nears
- the point where nuclear fusion begins in its interior. When this
- happens, the star begins to blow a strong "wind" that clears away the
- residual material. Hubble has imaged this process in detail in
- so-called Herbig-Haro objects.
-
- Hester also speculated that photoevaporation might actually inhibit the
- formation of planets around such stars. It is not at all clear from
- the new data that the stars in M16 have reached the point where they
- have formed the disks that go on to become solar systems," said Hester,
- "and if these disks haven't formed yet, they never will."
-
- Hester plans to use Hubble's high resolution to probe other nearby
- star-forming regions to look for similar structures. "Discoveries
- about the nature of the M16 EGGs might lead astronomers to rethink some
- of their ideas about the environments of stars forming in other
- regions, such as the Orion Nebula," he predicted.
-
- * * * * * *
-
- The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of
- Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), for NASA, under
- contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The
- Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
- between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed on
- Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:
-
- GIF JPEG
- PRC95-44a M16 3 Pillars gif/M16Full.gif jpeg/M16Full.jpg
- PRC95-44b M16 1 Pillar gif/M16WF2.gif jpeg/M16WF2.jpg
- PRC95-44c M16 B&W Detail gif/M16HaBW.gif jpeg/M16HaBW.jpg
-
- Higher resolution versions (300dpi JPEG) of the release photographs
- will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp: 95-44a.jpg,
- 95-44b.jpg and 95-44c.jpg.
-
- GIF and JPEG images, captions and press release text are available via
- World Wide Web at URL http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/44.html, or
- via links in http://www.stsci.edu/Latest.html and
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
-
- Space Telescope Science Institute press release text and other
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