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- FOR RELEASE: January 16, 1996
-
- PHOTO NO.: STScI-PRC96-03 and JPL-P-46536
-
- HUBBLE FINDS SEARCHLIGHT BEAMS AND MULTIPLE ARCS
- AROUND A DYING STAR
-
- This image of the Egg Nebula, also known as CRL2688 and located roughly
- 3,000 light-years from us, was taken in red light with the Wide Field
- and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
- The image shows a pair of mysterious "searchlight" beams emerging from
- a hidden star, criss-crossed by numerous bright arcs. This image sheds
- new light on the poorly understood ejection of stellar matter which
- accompanies the slow death of Sun-like stars. The image is shown in
- false color. The central star in CRL2688 was a red giant a few hundred
- years ago. The nebula is really a large cloud of dust and gas ejected
- by the star, expanding at a speed of 20 km/s (115,000 mph). A dense
- cocoon of dust (the dark band in the image center) enshrouds the star
- and hides it from our view. Starlight escapes more easily in
- directions where the cocoon is thinner, and is reflected towards us by
- dust particles in the cloud, giving it its overall appearance. Objects
- like CRL2688 are rare because they are in an evolutionary phase which
- lasts for a very short time (~1,000 to 2,000 years). However, they may
- hold the key to our understanding of how red giant stars transform
- themselves into planetary nebulae. For the first time, we can see a
- 10,000 year-old history of mass-ejection in a red giant star in such
- exquisite detail. The arcs in CRL2688 represent dense shells of matter
- within a smooth cloud, and show that the rate of mass ejection from the
- central star has varied on time scales of ~100 to 500 years throughout
- its mass-loss history. With Hubble we have detected matter in this
- nebula to a radius of 0.6 light-years -- much further out than has been
- possible before, giving a better estimate of the amount of matter in
- the nebula. Other unexpected results seen in this image are the very
- sharply defined edges of the beams and fine spoke-like features which
- suggest that, contrary to previous models, the searchlight beams are
- formed as a result of starlight escaping from ring-shaped holes in the
- cocoon surrounding the star. The spoke- like features result from
- shadows cast by blobs of material distributed within the region of the
- ring-like holes. Such holes may be carved out by a wobbling,
- high-speed stream of matter -- they will play a crucial role in the
- shaping of the planetary nebula which will result from CRL2688.
- Alternatively, the searchlight beams may result from starlight
- reflected off fine jet-like streams of matter being ejected from the
- center, and confined to the walls of a conical region around the
- symmetry axis. Such fine jets are not unprecedented: they have
- recently been observed in Hubble images of a planetary nebula (the
- Cat's Eye Nebula). Both the above scenarios require the ejection of
- high-speed material in a narrow beam. The presence of such material in
- CRL2688 has been inferred from other observations. However, the
- mechanism for ejecting high-speed jets or for producing the cocoon are
- not understood. But it seems likely that if the central star in such
- objects has a faint companion star, the gravitational interaction
- between the two stars and/or the outflowing matter from the red giant
- star may play an important role in the production of the cocoon and the
- jets.
-
- When Sun-like stars get old, they become cooler and redder, increasing
- their sizes and energy output tremendously: they are called red giants.
- Most of the carbon (the basis of life) and particulate matter (crucial
- building blocks of solar systems like ours) in the universe is
- manufactured and dispersed by red giant stars. When the red giant star
- has ejected all of its outer layers, the ultraviolet radiation from the
- exposed hot stellar core makes the surrounding cloud of matter created
- during the red giant phase glow: the object becomes a planetary
- nebula. A long-standing puzzle is how planetary nebulae acquire their
- complex shapes and symmetries, since red giants and the gas/dust clouds
- surrounding them are mostly round. Hubble's ability to see very fine
- structural details (usually blurred beyond recognition in ground-based
- images) enables us to look for clues to this puzzle.
-
- Credit: Raghvendra Sahai and John Trauger (JPL), the WFPC2 science
- team, and NASA
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed
- on Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo.
-
- GIF JPEG
- PRC96-03 Egg Nebula gif/EggNeb.gif jpeg/EggNeb.jpg
-
- Higher resolution digital versions (300dpi JPEG) of the release
- photograph will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp:
- 96-03.jpg.
-
- GIF and JPEG images, captions and press release text are available via
- World Wide Web at URL http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/03.html, or
- via links in http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html and
- http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
-
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