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- PHOTO FILE NO.: STScI-PF95-14
- FOR RELEASE: APRIL 5, 1995
-
- HUBBLE VIEWS DISTANT GALAXIES THROUGH A COSMIC LENS
-
- This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of the rich galaxy cluster,
- Abell 2218, is a spectacular example of gravitational lensing. The
- arc-like pattern spread across the picture like a spider web is an
- illusion caused by the gravitational field of the cluster.
-
- The cluster is so massive and compact that light rays passing through
- it are deflected by its enormous gravitational field, much as an
- optical lens bends light to form an image. The process magnifies,
- brightens and distorts images of objects that lie far beyond the
- cluster. This provides a powerful "zoom lens" for viewing galaxies
- that are so far away they could not normally be observed with the
- largest available telescopes.
-
- Hubble's high resolution reveals numerous arcs which are difficult to
- detect with ground-based telescopes because they appear to be so thin.
- The arcs are the distorted images of a very distant galaxy population
- extending 5-10 times farther than the lensing cluster. This population
- existed when the universe was just one quarter of its present age. The
- arcs provide a direct glimpse of how star forming regions are
- distributed in remote galaxies, and other clues to the early evoution
- of galaxies.
-
- Hubble also reveals multiple imaging, a rarer lensing event that
- happens when the distortion is large enough to produce more than one
- image of the same galaxy. Abell 2218 has an unprecedented total of
- seven multiple systems.
-
- The abundance of lensing features in Abell 2218 has been used to make a
- detailed map of the distribution of matter in the cluster's center.
- From this, distances can be calculated for a sample of 120 faint
- arclets found on the Hubble image. These arclets represent galaxies
- that are 50 times fainter than objects that can be seen with
- ground-based telescopes.
-
- Studies of remote galaxies viewed through well-studied lenses like
- Abell 2218 promise to reveal the nature of normal galaxies at much
- earlier epochs than was previously possible. The technique is a
- powerful combination of Hubble's superlative capabilities and the
- "natural" focusing properties of massive clusters like Abell 2218.
-
- The image was taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
-
- Credits: W.Couch (University of New South Wales), R. Ellis
- (Cambridge University), and NASA
-
-
- Image files in GIF and JPEG format may be accessed via
- anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:
-
- GIF: /pubinfo/gif/A2218.gif
- JPEG: /pubinfo/jpeg/A2218.jpg
-
- The same images are available via World Wide Web from links in URL
- http://www.stsci.edu/public.html.
-
- NOTE TO EDITORS: Requests for a black/white photo or a black/white
- 35mm slide should be sent via e-mail to "gundy@stsci.edu" or via fax
- to 410-338-4579.
-
-