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Shareware Supreme Volume 6 #1
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MODHELP1.ZIP
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FILES.PLH
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1991-01-28
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.TP Files
.DES MS-DOS files
A file is a collection of information (data) that is stored as an
individual unit. Files contain different types of information and
their uses vary. For example, files can contain information that
you create with a word processing application program. These files
are referred to as text or data files. In addition, files can
contain instructions for a computer. These files are referred to
as program files and are meant to be used by your computer.
Each file has its own name. All files that you use with MS-DOS are
stored on floppy diskettes or the fixed disk. MS-DOS uses filenames
to locate files that you want to work with. Filenames are made up of
a name from 1 to 8 characters. Filenames can also contain an optional
extension that you can use to identify the file's type. Extensions
consist of a period character (.) and up to three additional characters.
The period separates the actual name from the extension. When you name
a file you should use a name that reminds you of the file's contents.
.PG
When you name a file, you can use:
- any letters A-Z
(DOS is NOT case sensitive to alphabetic characters)
- any numbers 0-9
- the characters: # $ & @ ! ( ) - { ' ` ~ ^ } _
- ASCII characters with decimal values between 128 and 255
(Use the ALT and the numeric key pad; ALT 255 is a blank)
Note: Spaces (ASCII 032) in filenames are not acceptable; however, the
ASCII BLANK character, 255, is acceptible. In addition, you cannot name
a file using filenames that are reserved for MS-DOS devices. Refer to
the "Devices" help screen for these filenames. It is also NOT a good
idea to use DOS command filenames as your own new filenames. These
commands are listed in CAPITAL letters on the main help screen. ASCII
files can be viewed using the TYPE command. All other files are
BINARY and can be viewed using HEXDUMP or a graphics "viewer".
.PG
The most common extensions you can use to identify file types are
listed below. As mentioned, these extensions identify program or
data files, and enable MS-DOS to recognize their contents.
Extensions commonly used in MS-DOS are:
- .ASC identifies a text file (ASCII)
- .BAK identifies a EDLIN backup file (ASCII)
- .BAT identifies a batch program (ASCII)
- .CHK idenfifies a file recovered using CHKDSK /F
- .COM identifies a non-resident DOS command
- .DAT identifies a numeric data file (ASCII)
- .DEV identifies a device file used in CONFIG.SYS
- .REC identifies a file recovered using RECOVER
- .SYS identifies a device driver used in CONFIG.SYS
- .TMP identifies a temporary file
- .TXT identifies a text file (ASCII)
.PG
Extensions commonly used for MS-DOS applications are:
- .DBF identifies a dBASE database file of data
- .DBT identifies a dBASE database file of text fields
- .DOC identifies a word processing document file
- .DOX identifies a MULTIMATE 4.0 document file
- .EXE identifies a complied executible program
- .MCD identifies a MathCAD document file
- .PRG identifies a dBASE program file (ASCII)
- .PRN identifies a printer file with control charcters
for a printer (ASCII +)
- .WK1 identifies a Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet data file
- .WRK identifies a Symphony worksheet data file
.PG
Extensions commonly used for computer programming languages are:
- .ASM identifies an Assembly program (ASCII source code)
- .BAS identifies a BASIC program (ASCII source code)
- .BIN identifies a binary data file
- .C identifies a "C" program (ASCII source code)
- .COB identifies a COBOL program (ASCII source code)
- .DAT identifies a numeric data file (ASCII)
- .EXE identifies a complied executible program after it's LINK-ed
- .FOR identifies a FORTRAN program (ASCII source code)
- .H identifies a header library file for a "C" program
- .LIB identifies a library file used by a LINK-er
- .LST identifies an program listing for Assembler (ASCII)
- .MAP identifies a list file created by LINK
- .OBJ identifies an object code file after it's compiled
- .PAS identifies a Pascal Program (ASCII source code)
.PG
Extensions commonly used for picture or graphics files:
- .BMP identifies Windows Bitmap pictures
- .CLP identifies Macintosh Clipboard pictures
- .EPS identifies Encapsulated PostScript graphics
- .G3 identifies CCITT Group III pictures
- .GEM identifies GEM image files
- .GIF identifies Graphics Interface (CompuServe) pictures
- .MAC identifies Macintosh Paint pictures
- .MSP identifies MicroSoft Paint pictures
- .PCX identifies PC Paintbrush pictures
- .PIC identifies Dr. Halo or IBM Storyboard pictures
- .RLE identifies Run Length Encoding graphics
- .TIF identifies Tagged Image File Format (Macintosh)
- .WPG identifies Word Perfect Graphics
.PG
Extensions commonly used in file transfer are:
- .ARC identifies a compacted file for ARC utilities
- .ASC identifies a text file (ASCII)
- .BIN identifies a binary data file
- .ZIP identifies a compacted file for PKZIP utilities
Extension used for this HELP utility are:
- .PLH identifies an AT&T help topic file (ASCII)
- .TOC identifies a table-of-contents for help (ASCII)
.PG
The maximum mumber of files that can be put in the root directories of
a floppy varies:
STORAGE SPACE DIMENSION MAX. FILES
360 Kilo-Byte 5 ¼" DD Floppy 112 files maximum
1.2 Mega-Byte 5 ¼" HD Floppy 224 files maximum
720 Kilo-Byte 3 ½" Floppy 112 files maximum
1.44 Mega-Bute 3 ½" HD Floppy 224 files maximum
On a hard disk the maximum is 512 files. Thess numbers of files on a
floppy or hard disks can be increased by creating sub-directories.
In all these cases, room should be left for the two hidden files and
the volume label if the disk or floppy is formatted bootable (/S option).
Also See: Root, Directories, Bytes, Floppies