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- This file should be sufficient for anyone with previous editor experience
- to be able to begin using the Public Domain subset of EMACS called UEMACS,
- or, specifically, its successor BIGEMACS.
-
- First off, BIGEMACS is probably called BIG because it can edit big files
- (well, igger than UEMACS' 32k limit, anyway). On a 640k PC with about 550k
- of TPA you won't run out of room until you hit about 280k's worth of data
- in the buffer. Slightly less, maybe, if you've been doing lots of patching.
-
- BIGEMACS (from now on called EMACS for simplicity) contains commands to move
- the cursor (destructively and nondestructively) and buffer commands. Let's,
- however, start at the beginnming....
-
-
- EMACS is invoked by typing its name, optionally followed by a file name.
- If no file name is entered, EMACS will open a buffer and wait for input or
- commands. If a filename was specified, a buffer will be opened and given
- the name of the file. If the file exists and is not empty, it will be read
- into the buffer and the first 22 lines will be displayed.
-
- Line 23 is the status line. From left to right, it contains the following
- information:
- - a star in column 2 means buffer has been modified, a dash is displayed
- otherwise.
- - The name, MicroEMACS
- - the name of the current buffer
- - the name of the current file
-
- There are two terms worth mentioning with regard to EMACS, namely the
- POINT and the MARK. The POINT is the location in text where the next insertable
- character will be inserted and is identical to the cursor location.
- The MARK is a point which can be inserted at the cursor location with a special
- command. The MARK will remain stationary until explicitly moved.
- All buffer commands operate on data between POINT and MARK.
-
- 0. COMMAND CONVENTIONS
- -------------------
-
- There are three types of commands in EMACS:
-
- - single-character commands, which are certain CONTROL characters (ie hold
- down the CTRL key while pressing the command key). They will be shown as
- "^", as in "^C" meaning CONTROL-C
- - double-key commands prefixed by CTRL-X. They will be shown as "^Xx" where
- "x" is the secondary key. You press and repease ^X, then press the seconday
- command key. Example, "^X^C" to exit EMACS.
- - meta commands, which are commands prefixed by ESC just like the "^X" commands.
-
-
- 1. POINT MOVEMENT
- --------------
-
- The point (or cursor) can be moved in all directions with the following
- commands:
-
- 1.1 NONDESTRUCTIVE MOVEMENT
-
- ^P cursor up. If cursor is at the top, move the screen down by 1/2
- screen and position the cursor in the center line.
- ^N cursor up. If cursor is at the bottom, move the screen up by 1/2
- screen and position the cursor in the center line.
- NOTE that the above commands will "remember" the cursor column.
- ^B cursor left. if cursor is at the start of a line, moves cursor to
- the end of the previous line.
- ^F cursor right. If cursor is at the end of a line, move it to the
- start of the next line.
- ^V next page. cursor moves to the next page and is positioned in
- row 1, column 1
- ESC ^V previous page. cursor moves to the previous page, row 1 col 1.
- ESC < sof. cursor moves to start of file.
- ESC > eof. cursor moves to end of file.
- ^A cursor moves to start of line.
- ^E cursor moves to end of line.
- NOTE use the ARROW keys on IBM PC under BIGEMACS, as well as HOME=ESC<,
- END=ESC>, and PgUp and PgDn for movement.
-
- ^X^P (also Alt-P) scrolls the whole screen down
- ^X^N (also Alt-N) scrolls the whole screen up.
-
- ESC F move to next word
- ESC P move to previous word
- ESC ! reposition cursor on screen (moves display so that cursor is
- in row 1 col 1)
- ESC . Set point equal to mark (point at current cursor position)
- ^X^X Exchange MARK and POINT (move cursor to POINT, move POINT to
- previous cursor location).
-
- 1.2 DESTRUCTIVE MOVEMENT AND DELETE/INSERT
-
- ^H (or backspace key) moves the cursor left, removing the character
- to the immediate left. concatenates current and previous line if
- used at the start of a line.
- ^D or
- DEL (delete key) deletes the character UNDER the cursor (logically, it
- is just to the right of the cursor).
- INS (insert key) inserts a newline at the cursor location.
- ^T juxtapose character under cursor and previous character.
- ESC^H delete previous word
- ESC D delete next word
- ESC C capitalize word
- ESC L lowercase word
- ESC U uppercase word
-
- 2. BUFFER COMMANDS
- ---------------
-
- The remainder of the commands, with the exception of the spawn and status
- commands operate on buffers.
-
- 2.1 BUFFER DELETE/UNDELETE
-
- The delete/undelete sequence can be used to move blocks of data. All killed
- data will be stored in a KILL BUFFER until the next kill. It may be retrieved
- from the kill buffer at a keystroke, as many times as desired.
-
- ^K KILL from the cursor position to the end of the line. If the cursor
- is at the end of the line, the newline character will be removed.
- ^W WIPE ALL DATA from the cursor position to the POINT. Note that if
- POINT is at SOF and cursor is at EOF, whole file will be WIPEd.
- ^Y YANK (unkill) contents of kill buffer at current cursor location.
-
- NOTE that consecutive ^Ks append to the kill buffer until any other
- command is issued! Thus (and you may try this), ^K^K^N^Y moves
- a line below the next line, while ^K^K^N^K^K^Y irretrievably
- deletes the first-killed line, and moves the second-killed
- line in place.
- The KILL BUFFER is global in nature, ie the contents may be yanked
- in any buffer or window.
-
- 2.2 BUFFER MOVEMENT
-
- EMACS can use many different buffers with different files active in each.
-
- ^XB select new buffer. You will be asked to enter a buffer name. If it
- does not exist, the screen is cleared and a new buffer is created.
- Otherwise, the contents of the new buffer are displayed.
- ^XN switch to next buffer (below current buffer). Good only if more than
- one buffer is displayed.
- ^XP switch to previous buffer (above current buffer).
-
- ^X1 expand current buffer to fill the screen (use after splitting screem)
- ^X2 split current buffer on screen. repeated use creates successively
- smaller screen windows. The same buffer is displayed in both windows,
- but a different buffer may be selected with the ^XB command.
-
- 2.3 BUFFER LOAD/SAVE
-
- Buffers are loaded form disk or saved to disk with one of the following
- commands. All commands operate on the current buffer only!
-
- ^X^R Prompts for a file to be read into the current buffer. You will be
- reminded of unsaved changes before they are overwritten.
- ^X^S Saves the current buffer to its associated filename. No operation if
- the buffer does not have a file name.
- ^X^W prompts for a file name and saves the current buffer under that name.
- ^Z quick getaway. saves buffer under current file name and exits.
- NOTE that ^X^S and ^Z do not perform any disk write if the buffer is
- unchanged!
- ^X^C exit EMACS
- NOTE THAT ^Z and ^X^C will ask for verification if ANY buffer contains
- updated (but unwritten) data!
- ^X^V visit file. reads a file into a buffer by the same name (creates buffer
- if need be) and makes that buffer the current buffer.
- ^X^F names the current buffer's associated file.
- ^XK kill specified buffer
-
- 3. SEARCH
- ------
-
- You can search for charcters or character sequences with the folloqing commands:
-
- ^S prompts for search string. RETURN delimits string and starts search
- FORWARD. Cursor is only moved if a match is found.
- ^R same as ^S, but searches backwards.
- NOTE that hitting RETURN as the only character will repeat the previous
- search.
- NOTE that you can search for control-sequences by prefixing with the QUOTE
- character. (see below)
- NOTE that ^R and ^S are NOT case sensitive (ie eMaCs will match EmAcS...)
-
-
- 4. SEARCH AND REPLACE
- ------------------
-
- Sorry, folks. Not in this version of EMACS, but see below...
-
- 5. MISCELLANEOUS
- -------------
-
- ^Q QUOTE character. Causes the NEXT character to be inserted, even if it
- would normally be a command character.
-
- EMACS is always in INSERT mode. Any character typed which is not a command
- character is inserted at the cursor position. Note that an invalid second
- character in a 2-character sequence is IGNORED.
-
- ^L Redisplay the screen, useful is something (??) caused your screen
- display to become jumbled...
-
- ^X^B displays a list of buffers, their associated file names and contents
- in characters. Also splits screen, so if no longer needed, hit ^X1.
- ^G stop command with no execution. also rings the bell.
- ^U or
- ^Un (where optional "n" is a positive signed integer) - set repeat factor.
- The repeat factor applies to the following command ONLY. Typing ^U
- repeatedly will increment the repeat factor by 4 (4-16-64-256...).
-
- ^X^Z shrink the current window by 1 line (if more than 1 window)
- ^XZ enlarge current window by 1.
-
- ^X= show current position (row/col, current character in hex, number of
- between sof and point, location in file, percentage wise)
-
- 5. ADVANCED STUFF
- --------------
-
- ^X! prompts for a DOS command to be executed while in EMACS
- ^C execues COMMAND.COM while in EMACS to allow many commands to be
- run until EXIT is entered at the DOS prompt
-
- EMACS has a very powerful macro definition facility. In this version, only
- one macro may be defined as follows:
-
- ^X( followed by commands, followed by ^X). This, in effect, constitutes one
- execution of the macro.
- ^XE executes the macro (^U times, if specified).
-
- This way, you CAN do a global search-replace...
-
-
- 6. MORE...
- -------
-
- There are some more commands according to COMMANDS.DOC (distributed with
- UEMACS/BIGEMACS) but they don't seem to work. Full EMACS has many, many
- more commands available, but you also spend many, many more dollars.
- You can't beat the price of BIGEMACS and it certainly works. After using
- it for a few days I refuse to use anything else... except full EMACS,
- maybe.
-
- Now who has the source to BIGEMACS for some improvements??????
-
- Sigi Kluger, Thousand Oaks CA
- For comments, GEmail to S.F.Kluger, or call 1000 Oaks RCPM 805-492-5472