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PC-Write Lite Version 1.02 Addendum
PC-Write Lite Version 1.02 has added features which support custom alphabets
in general and Cyrillic (the Russian alphabet) in particular. If you don't
need Cyrillic or other foreign alphabets, you can safely ignore this addendum.
This addendum first explains how to use the Cyrillic feature. The second part,
more technical, explains how to create a new alphabet, like Greek, by defining
the keyboard location, screen appearance, and printing method of each letter.
Using Cyrillic
To view Cyrillic letters your computer needs an EGA or VGA display adapter.
To support Cyrillic, Lite must read the edit control file ED.CYR on the Lite
Utility Disk (to learn about edit control files, see page 159 of the Lite
User's Guide). There are two ways to do this. First, if you always want to
have the Cyrillic feature available, insert the following on a separate line
in your ED.DEF file:
!ED.CYR
Or, if you want Cyrillic available only when you edit a file with a filename
extension of .CYR, insert this line instead (if it isn't there already):
!ED.*
Lite supports the Russian MS-DOS character set (code page 866), including the
Ukrainian and Byelorussian letters, also called the Alternate Soviet standard.
Normally, when Lite exits, it restores the standard character set (code page
437) by doing a "video reset". To avoid this (to keep the Cyrillic characters
loaded, say to use full PC-Write) put the line "&Z:9999" in the ED.CYR file.
Some letters look the same in English and Cyrillic: A, B, C, E, H, M, O, P, X.
These are not the same letters; they only look the same (Cyrillic ones are
shorter on screen). If you plan to exchange files with other users or use the
Russian spelling checker, do not substitute English letters for Cyrillic ones.
Typing in Cyrillic
To type in Cyrillic, press the Caps Lock key. With an alternate keyboard
defined, Caps Lock enables the alternate keyboard instead of giving upper
case. (If you have an extended keyboard, the Alt-/ key may also work.) Press
it again to switch back. Use the shift key to capitalize English and Cyrillic
letters. When using the alternate keyboard, the Push or Over on the top line
is in caps, and the cursor is thicker.
To keep the original meaning of Caps Lock, remove the line "749:697" from the
ED.CYR file. To use another key (besides Alt-/) to switch between the English
and Cyrillic keyboards, assign a different key. For example, to make the Ctl-A
key switch modes, put this line in your ED.CYR file:
A:697
Lite supports both the Soviet and Homophonic Cyrillic keyboard layouts. Note
that the keyboard charts below won't show Cyrillic until you install it.
Soviet Standard Cyrillic Keyboard
This is the default Lite Cyrillic keyboard. It's the usual layout for Russian
typists. Note: the upper keyboard row has completely different characters in
Cyrillic mode. To select it, put the line "!SOVIET.CYR" in your ED.CYR file:
╔════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦════╗
║ 1 ║ 2 ║ 3 ║ 4 ║ 5 ║ 6 ║ 7 ║ 8 ║ 9 ║ 0 ║ ' ║ ( ║ = ║
║ # ║ - ║ / ║ " ║ : ║ , ║ . ║ _ ║ ? ║ % ║ ; ║ ) ║ ! ║
╚═╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦═╝
║ ë ║ û ║ ô ║ è ║ à ║ ì ║ â ║ ÿ ║ Ö ║ ç ║ ò ║ Ü ║
║ ⌐ ║ µ ║ π ║ ¬ ║ Ñ ║ ¡ ║ ú ║ Φ ║ Θ ║ º ║ σ ║ Ω ║
╚═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╝
║ ö ║ ¢ ║ é ║ Ç ║ Å ║ É ║ Ä ║ ï ║ ä ║ å ║ ¥ ║
║ Σ ║ δ ║ ó ║ á ║ » ║ α ║ « ║ ½ ║ ñ ║ ª ║ φ ║
╚══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╝
║ ƒ ║ ù ║ æ ║ î ║ ê ║ Æ ║ £ ║ ü ║ ₧ ║ ≡ ║
║ ∩ ║ τ ║ ß ║ ¼ ║ ¿ ║ Γ ║ ∞ ║ í ║ ε ║ ± ║
╚═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╝
Homophonic Standard Cyrillic Layout
On this keyboard, Cyrillic and English letters that sound alike are on the
same key. The upper keyboard row is like the normal English one; the digits
are lower case. To select it, put the line "!PHONIC.CYR" in your ED.CYR file:
╔════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦═════╦════╗
║ ! ║ ; ║ # ║ " ║ % ║ , ║ . ║ : ║ ( ║ ) ║ _ ║ ' ║ ? ║
║ 1 ║ 2 ║ 3 ║ 4 ║ 5 ║ 6 ║ 7 ║ 8 ║ 9 ║ 0 ║ - ║ = ║ / ║
╚═╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦═╝
║ ƒ ║ ÿ ║ à ║ É ║ Æ ║ ¢ ║ ô ║ ê ║ Ä ║ Å ║ ₧ ║ Ö ║
║ ∩ ║ Φ ║ Ñ ║ α ║ Γ ║ δ ║ π ║ ¿ ║ « ║ » ║ ε ║ Θ ║
╚═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╩═╦═══╝
║ Ç ║ æ ║ ä ║ ö ║ â ║ ù ║ ë ║ è ║ ï ║ £ ║ å ║
║ á ║ ß ║ ñ ║ Σ ║ ú ║ τ ║ ⌐ ║ ¬ ║ ½ ║ ∞ ║ ª ║
╚══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╩══╦══╝
║ ç ║ ò ║ û ║ é ║ ü ║ ì ║ î ║ Ü ║ ¥ ║ ≡ ║
║ º ║ σ ║ µ ║ ó ║ í ║ ¡ ║ ¼ ║ Ω ║ φ ║ ± ║
╚═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╩═════╝
Sometimes the key shown on the upper right, stamped \|, is moved elsewhere.
Using either keyboard, the bottom two screen lines show a chart with Cyrillic
letters for each key. You can turn these lines on and off. With an extended
keyboard, the Alt-\ key may do this. If not, you can assign a key to do it.
For example, to make Ctl-Z turn them on and off, put this line in ED.CYR:
Z:694
If you're doing much with Cyrillic, you may want to get stick-on keytop
labels. We recommend those from Hooleon (602-634-7515) for about $22.
The SOVIET.CYR and PHONIC.CYR files have keys for Ukranian ⌠⌡ and ≥≤, and
Byelorussian ÷≈. To use them, remove the "(" from the start of these lines.
When using Cyrillic, the Hard-Hyphen (used to not break a hyphenated word) is
changed to the ² character (code 253), since the normal Hard-Hyphen (code 246)
is a Cyrillic letter. But you still press Ctl-Hyphen to enter a hard-hyphen.
The Cyrillic Character Set
128 Ç 136 ê 144 É 152 ÿ 160 á 168 ¿ 224 α 232 Φ 240 ≡
129 ü 137 ë 145 æ 153 Ö 161 í 169 ⌐ 225 ß 233 Θ 241 ±
130 é 138 è 146 Æ 154 Ü 162 ó 170 ¬ 226 Γ 234 Ω 242 ≥
131 â 139 ï 147 ô 155 ¢ 163 ú 171 ½ 227 π 235 δ 243 ≤
132 ä 140 î 148 ö 156 £ 164 ñ 172 ¼ 228 Σ 236 ∞ 244 ⌠
133 à 141 ì 149 ò 157 ¥ 165 Ñ 173 ¡ 229 σ 237 φ 245 ⌡
134 å 142 Ä 150 û 158 ₧ 166 ª 174 « 230 µ 238 ε 246 ÷
135 ç 143 Å 151 ù 159 ƒ 167 º 175 » 231 τ 239 ∩ 247 ≈
The Accent Key
The Lite accent key (labeled `~) in Cyrillic mode backs up and changes a
letter from Cyrillic to English. Hold it down to continue backing up. For
example, if you type USA in Cyrillic mode, you get â¢ö. Press the Accent key
three times to fix it. But it doesn't change English to Cyrillic. Also, in the
normal keyboard mode, this key does its normal function, backing up to permit
typing accented letters.
When you're typing at a Top Line prompt, the accent key fixes the whole entry
at once. For example, you decide to switch files. You press F1 then F6, then
type "KIEVCOOP.LET" (in Cyrillic mode) and press Enter. You get the message:
File not found; Esc to retype, or F9 to create "ïÿôîæÖÖçεäôà"
Press Esc, then the Accent key, to change "ïÿôîæÖÖçεäôà" to "KIEVCOOP.LET".
For symbols, only use the accent key once. For example the "5" key in Cyrillic
mode gives the ":" symbol. The Accent key changes it to a "5". But pressing it
again gives you "%", and a third time gives you "0". This is normal behavior.
Checking Russian Spelling
With the Lite Russian spelling checker (available from Quicksoft for $29) you
can check the spelling of about 95,000 Russian words. Just use the normal Lite
spelling check commands. You can even check spelling in documents with mixed
English and Russian. You can add Russian words to the user list WORDS.USE, but
you can't add them to the master file WORDS.MAS with the WORDS.EXE program.
To install the Russian spelling checker, copy the following files on the two
Russian speller diskettes to your work directory:
WORDS.CYC (the spelling checker program)
WORDS.CYM (the dictionary mapping file)
RUSWORDS.BAT (command file to create the dictionary, WORDS.CYD)
WORDS.C02 (part two of the WORDS.CYD dictionary)
WORDS.C01 (part one of the WORDS.CYD dictionary, on a separate disk)
Enter this command to join the two parts of the dictionary to make WORDS.CYD:
RUSWORDS
You can delete the files WORDS.C01, WORDS.C02, and RUSWORDS.BAT if you like.
The Russian Stress Accent
Russian teachers often need to show students which syllable gets the phonetic
stress. To do this, define the Overstrike font to overprint with the ' quote
mark. Put one of these lines into your PR.DEF file (replacing the #O line):
#O=19 +39,8 (for most printers)
#O=19 +27,40,56,85,39,8,R (for LaserJets, this also selects a symbol set)
39 is the code for the ' quote. You can also try 96, the code for the ` quote.
To show stress in ¼«ª¡«, type it ¼<alt-o>«<alt-o>ª¡«.
Printing Cyrillic
If your printer handles Epson graphics mode, or HP LaserJet or DeskJet soft
fonts, you can print Cyrillic directly. Just add one of these lines to your
PR.DEF file:
!EPSON.CYR (Epson dot matrix compatibles)
!HPJET.CYR (HP LaserJet and DeskJet compatibles)
For LaserJet and DeskJet compatibles, F font (10 cpi) and C font (16.66 cpi)
are available. You must first download the enclosed soft font files to the
printer. For the LaserJet, use HPLASCYR.BAT to download QUICK3C.SFP and
QUICK4C.SFP. For the DeskJet, use HPDESCYR.BAT to download QUICK3C.DJP and
QUICK4C.DJP.
Using Cyrillic with Full PC-Write 3.0
You can use Lite 1.02 with PC-Write 3.0 to do Cyrillic with proportional
spacing or use other PC-Write features. Simply do your typing and editing with
Lite, then reformat and print with full PC-Write. Put the line "&Z:9999" in
your ED.CYR file. Then Lite won't remove the Cyrillic character set from your
video adapter when it exits, and then PC-Write will still show Cyrillic on the
screen. (The next major release of PC-Write will have all these features).
Since PC-Write assumes spaces separate words, it doesn't need to know which
letters are Cyrillic, so paragraph reformat and microspace justify both work
fine. You can use the Quicksoft Font Selector with any Cyrillic proportional
soft fonts, and there's a list of Cyrillic soft font suppliers at the end of
this Addendum.
Full PC-Write 3.0 doesn't have the Cyrillic keyboard available. Since it
doesn't know which Cyrillic letters are upper/lower case pairs, the F8 case
change key won't work on Cyrillic letters and lower case Cyrillic doesn't
match upper case in searches. Also, the Russian spelling checker is not
available with full PC-Write.
Other changes in PC-Write Lite 1.02
To avoid conflicts with Cyrillic, the character displayed on the ruler for the
cursor is now code 4 (the Alt-V diamond) instead of 232, and the character
displayed at the end of file in Hide mode is now code 22 (the Alt-Q block)
instead of 240.
Foreign Alphabet Customization
Keyboard Remap
With this feature, any typewriter key (actually, any key with a code 0 to 127)
can be mapped to a different value (0 to 255) when alternate keyboard mode is
active. Remap mode is toggled with operation code 697. In alternate keyboard
mode, the Accent key works as described above. Example control line:
033:= 049 (Key code 33 "!" gives character 49 "1" when remap mode is on)
The key's redefinition can only be a single character, not any sequence. But
remapped keys can also invoke normal keyboard macros. For example:
097:= 128 (Key code 97 "a" gives char code 128)
128: 'Anderson-Young Project' (Char code 128 invokes a text string)
Letter and Case Information
Lite must know which characters are letters, and which are upper/lower case
pairs. This is used by the F8 and Alt F8 functions that change the case of a
letter, and the search function, where lower case matches upper. To do this,
use the control line:
65:> 97 (character 65 is the upper case of character 97)
In some character sets (not Cyrillic), a character with a code that was a
letter might now be a non-letter. This is done with the control line:
65:< (character 65 is no longer a letter)
A character set may use code 246 (the Hard Hyphen, Byelorussian ÷). To change
the Hard Hyphen to code 253 (the ²) instead of 246, add:
253:- (character 253 is now hard hyphen)
31:253 (Ctl-Hyphen key enters code 253)
$253=45 (print character 253 as a hyphen)
$246=246 (print character 246 as itself)
A character set may also use code 250 (the Hard Space). Then you will need:
254:+ (character 254 is now hard space, entered with Ctl-Space)
$254=32 (print character 254 as a space)
$250=250 (print character 250 as itself)
Screen Character Set Changes
With this feature and an EGA or VGA display, the screen character displayed
for any character code (the bitmap) may be changed. Example control line:
%145: 0,0,0,60,102,194,192,192,192,194,102,60,0,0 (Cyrillic æ
Each screen character is drawn into a box, 8 dots wide by (normally) 14 dots
high. The 14 numbers above are byte values for the bitmap, starting at the top
of the box. For example, the value 192 (bits 128 and 64) has the two leftmost
dots on (128 is the leftmost dot), which is the mid-horizontal slice of the æ.
It's unfortunately not easy to create an entirely new character set by hand,
although small changes to individual letters aren't hard to do. Use graph
paper to make it easier. When editing a control file with bitmaps, use the
sequence F1 then F3 (save file) then F2 then F6 (read control file) to check
your work.
The &Z:43 command sets 50 line mode on a VGA display (you also need &Y:49). In
this mode, a character is 8 dots high instead of 14. You need an 8 byte bitmap
for each character; each line has 8 numbers instead of 14. Also include the
line %256:8 (to set 8x8 mode) before any %nnn lines. This should work in EGA
43 line mode with &Y:42. You can also use %256:16 to use VGA 8x16 bitmaps.
One more note: &Z:43 or any %nnn screen character change normally makes Lite
do a video reset on exit. To avoid this reset, insert the line &Z:9999.
Keyboard Reminder Lines
You can define two keyboard reminder lines at the bottom of the screen, to
show the keyboard assignments. There are four possible two line sets: one
shown if the Shf key is held down, one for the Ctl key, one for the Alt key,
and one if none of these keys is down. Operation 694 toggles these lines on
and off. Some examples:
744:'1# 2- 3/ 4" 5: 6, 7. 8_ 9? 0% -; =) \!',13,10; (none, line 1)
" q⌐ wµ eπ r¬ tÑ y¡ uú iΦ oΘ pº [σ ]Ω ",13,10 (none, line 2)
745:"!1 @2 #3 $4 %5 ^6 &7 *8 (9 )0 _' +( |=",13,10; (shf, line 1)
" Që Wû Eô Rè Tà Yì Uâ Iÿ OÖ Pç {ò }Ü ",13,10 (shf, line 2)
746:"A<word S<char D>char F>word ",13,10; (ctl, line 1)
"W:pgdn Z:pgup E:up X:down ",13,10 (ctl, line 2)
747:"B:bold H:higher L:lower U:underline",13,10; (alt, line 1)
"E:elite F:fast P:pica Q:quality ",13,10 (alt, line 2)
Cyrillic Fonts and Support
Exceller Software, Cornell Research Park, 223 Langmuir Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850.
1-800-426-0444. HP LaserJet Cyrillic fonts: 8, 10, 12, 14, 24pt.
Weaver Graphics, 5165 S. Hwy A1A, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951. (407) 728-4000.
HP LaserJet Cyrillic fonts: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72pt
Digi-Fonts, 528 Commons Drive, Golden, CO 80401. (303) 526-9435.
Has scaleable 3-720 point fonts for HP LaserJet II and III and DeskJet, in normal,
bold, and italic. You need the Digi-duit package for your printer, and disk 27.
ISS FonTmax, 3463 State Street #283, Santa Barbara, CA 93105. (805) 373-0212.
Has nice HP LaserJet fonts. Call for more information.
Image Processing Software, P.O. Box 5016, Madison, WI 53705. (608) 233-5033.
Makes Turbofonts, a Cyrillic support package. Includes HP LaserJet fonts.
VN Labs, P.O. Box 9878, Newport Beach, CA 92658-9878. (714) 474-6968.
Diplomat Software Series, a Cyrillic support package. Includes HP LaserJet fonts.
Gamma Productions, 710 Wilshire Blvd #609, Santa Monica, CA 90401. (213)
394-8622. Russian-English dictionary: verifies spelling, meaning of Russian words.