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1989-12-30
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(tm)
PC-VT
VT100/102/52
and
4010/4014
Terminal Emulator
(C) Copyright 1985-1990
Mark C. DiVecchio
Athena Systems Development Group
Version 10.0
PC-VT is dedicated to my mother and father
who, when they came to visit, could not
understand why I spent so much time tapping
the keys of my PC.
M.C.D.
Forward
The PC-VT program and documentation were written by Mark
C. DiVecchio.
Many trademarks are used through out this document. They
are:
- PC-VT is a trademark of Mark C. DiVecchio.
- IBM, IBM PC, IBM AT and TopView are trademarks of
International Business Machines Corporation.
- DEC, VMS, VAX and VT are trademarks of Digital Equipment
Corporation.
- Smartmodem is a trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products.
- UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Inc.
- KERMIT is a trademark of Henson Associates, Inc.
- Tektronix is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
- The Everex Edge is a trademark of Everex Systems, Inc.
- Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology,
Inc.
- DESQview is a trademark of Quarterdeck Office Systems.
For more details on the operation of a VT100 or a VT102,
refer to the VT100 and VT102 Video Terminal User Guides available
from:
Digital Equipment Corporation
PO Box CS2008
Nashua, NH 03061
VT100 : Part No. EK-VT100-UG-003
VT102 : Part No. EK-VT102-UG-002
(800)258-1710
For complete details on the operation of the 4010/4014
consult the "4014 and 4014-1 Computer Display Terminal User's
Manual" distributed by:
Tektronix, Inc.
PO BOX 500
Beaverton, OR 97977
Part No. 070-1647-00.
For details on the Everex Edge Monochrome/Graphics
Adapter Card which gives PC-VT its 132 column capability and high
resolution 4014 emulation, you can contact Everex at:
Everex Systems, Inc.
47777 Warm Springs Boulevard
Fremont, CA 94539
For details on the Hercules monochrome graphics card
which gives PC-VT its high resolution 4014 emulation, you can
contact Hercules at:
Hercules Computer Technology
2550 Ninth St.
Berkeley, CA 94710
KERMIT was developed at Columbia University Center for
Computing Activities by Frank da Cruz, Daphne Tzoar, and Bill
Catchings and is included here at no charge because imitation is
the sincerest form of flattery. The supplement to this document
contains a copy of the KERMIT manual.
Conventions
Throughout this manual, hexadecimal numbers are followed
by the letter "H". All other numbers are decimal. Also, the Enter
key on the keyboard sends a carriage return character - ASCII
code 13. A carriage return function moves the cursor to the
beginning of the current line. "ESC" refers to the ASCII
character whose decimal value is 27.
The word "frame" is used to mean what you see on the
screen. It is a collection of words and symbols providing
information. The word "display" is used to mean the screen itself
or the act of causing characters to be shown on the screen.
For the latest news about PC-VT, read the file on the
distribution diskette named READ.ME.
THANKS
Your feedback helps make PC-VT a better and more useful
program. If you have any ideas or comments, please send them to
the address below.
Mark C. DiVecchio
ATHENA SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT GROUP
9888 Carroll Center Road Suite 113
San Diego, CA 92126
(619) 549-4056 RBBS : (619) 549-3927
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 1
Introduction
PC-VT emulates DEC VT100, DEC VT102, DEC VT52, Tektronix
4010 and Tektronix 4014 terminals. It runs on the IBM PC, PCXT,
PCjr, and PCAT under DOS 2.x and 3.x. PC-VT is compatible with
both the DESQview and TopView multiprocessing software packages.
1.1 General Terminal Emulation
Throughout this manual, host refers to the computer "on
the other end of the line" with which PC-VT is communicating.
PC-VT performs these functions which make it a useful
interface between a PC and a host computer:
- Communication over an RS232 port configured as either COM1
or COM2 selectable from the SETUP frame.
- Communications support for all the popular baud rate and
data bit/parity bit combinations.
- On Line HELP by pressing the ALT-H key while in the VT100
or 4014 communications, SETUP, DIALING, or MACRO frames.
- Full feature Upload and Download file capability. ASCII,
XMODEM (CRC capable), and KERMIT are supported. Path name
support is included. ASCII file upload includes handshake
capability to compensate for slow host systems. User can
set his preferred file transfer method as the default in
the SETUP B frame.
- Support for Hayes dialing commands and a dialing directory
with 10 entries. Each entry contains not only phone numbers
and dialing commands but also a complete copy of the USER
MEMORY file with which you can customize PC-VT for each
host. These customized USER MEMORIES are automatically
loaded when PC-VT dials the phone number.
- ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10 are used as macro keys.
- DOS functions or other programs can be run without
terminating PC-VT or disconnecting from the host.
Especially useful since PC-VT monitors the communications
Page 1
Introduction PC-VT v10.0
line and saves all characters received while you are
running other programs. When you return to PC-VT, the
received information is displayed.
- Use of the environment string "PC-VT=" to find the
parameter files.
- Supports buffer sizes of 256 and 2048 characters. The
smaller buffers give faster response to interrupts to the
host while the larger size reduces XON/XOFF handshaking.
- Full Duplex with no EIA modem control. Only data leads have
to be connected (FDX A mode). Suitable for use with a null
modem (direct) connection to the host computer or with a
modem which does not require modem control signals.
- Full receive parity checking.
- Capability to transmit a sustained Break.
1.2 VT100/VT102/VT52
PC-VT is a software emulator which makes the IBM PC
function as a DEC VT102, VT100 or VT52 video terminal. PC-VT
defaults to VT102 emulation.
In this manual, reference to the VT100 emulator
encompasses the VT100/VT102/VT52 emulator package.
PC-VT emulates the majority of the documented functions
of the VT100. Because of either hardware limitations of the IBM
PC or limitations of DOS, some functions cannot be emulated.
Other functions have been slightly modified. Throughout this
document, references are made to these changes and deletions. The
vast majority of users will never notice these hardware and DOS
mandated changes.
The VT user will only need to read Chapters 2 through 5
of this manual. Chapter 6, SETUP frames, is only necessary if any
of the selectable features need to be changed from default
settings. Chapter 7 describes the VT100 "USER MEMORY" which PC-VT
emulates by creating and using a disk file. The Appendices give
more sophisticated users a complete description of the internal
workings of the VT mode of PC-VT.
The following is a brief list of the VT100 functions
handled by PC-VT:
- Emulates both VT100 and VT102 terminals. Emulates VT52
compatibility mode of the VT100.
Page 2
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
- Fast screen update for PC's with the color graphics display
card. Known as snow update. A separate option is provided
to select fast screen mode (known as DMA) for screen saves
and restores only and not for normal character display.
- Handles 8 foreground and 8 background colors on a color
monitor. User can set his color choices from the host.
- Selects either VMS or UNIX host. PC-VT supports EDT and EVE
under VMS and VI under UNIX mode.
- Supports VMS 4.x Line Editing using the PC's Keypad.
- Copy the screen to a disk file at any time.
- NO SCROLL key XON/XOFF support. Can recall up to 8 previous
screens of information and dump all of those screens to
disk upon request.
- Ability to redefine all function and editing keys to send
any text or Escape sequence of up to 50 characters.
- Connects a printer as LPT1 or LPT2 and includes local print
screen operations.
- Capability to echo all displayed characters to LPT1 or LPT2
as a hardcopy record of a terminal session.
- Screen blanking feature turns off the CRT screen after 3
minutes of inactivity.
- Special ALT key combinations provide access to several
special function procedures.
- SETUP A and SETUP B frames to configure PC-VT to the
operating environment.
- Both Numeric and Application Keypad modes.
- Full cursor control.
- Full XON/XOFF support for both transmit and receive.
- ON LINE, LED "Lx" and KBD LOCKED lights are supported on
line 25 of the PC's screen as a Status Line. (4 LED's are
supported for both the VT100 and VT102 emulation.)
- 132 column mode is supported if you have installed the
Everex Edge card in your PC.
- Double width characters are simulated by displaying them
with a space between them so that 40 characters take up one
entire 80 character line.
Page 3
Introduction PC-VT v10.0
- Double height characters are simulated by clearing the top
half line to blanks and making the bottom half line into a
double width line.
The following functions are not handled by PC-VT in VT100
mode:
- VT100 half duplex modes (HDX A and HDX B) and special full
duplex modes (FDX B and FDX C).
- Features used only in these unsupported communications
modes.
- VT100 Tests and Adjustments Escape sequences are not
actually run on the PC. PC-VT does respond with a terminal
OK Device Status Report.
- Certain display attribute handling. The IBM PC does not
handle reverse video (black on white) the same way as the
VT100. It will look the same on the screen but changing
from one to the other mode will be slower and will not
produce the expected results. Underline especially produces
unusual results. The underscore attribute on PC's using the
color graphics display card is displayed with bold or
bold/blinking attributes selectable from the SETUP B frame.
Look Appendix B for details of what combinations work.
- As mentioned earlier, functions for which there is no
essential hardware such as Smooth Scroll mode, 132 column
mode, and Alternate Character ROM modes are not handled.
132 column mode will work if you install the Everex Edge
card.
- Double height and double width characters are simulated.
The emulation is not exact.
- The line printer serves as a capture device only. Escape
sequences are not sent to the line printer.
1.3 4010/4014
PC-VT includes a software emulator which makes the IBM PC
function as a Tektronix 4010/4014 Computer Display Terminal.
In this manual, reference to the 4014 emulator
encompasses the Tektronix 4010/4014 emulator package.
PC-VT emulates the majority of the functions of the 4014.
Because of either hardware limitations of the IBM PC or
limitations of DOS, some functions cannot be emulated. Other
functions have been slightly modified. The differences are listed
below.
Page 4
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
The 4014 user normally only needs to read Chapters 2 and
11 to understand the operation of the 4014 emulator. Chapter 6
is only necessary if any of the selectable features need to be
changed from the default settings. PC-VT defaults to the most
commonly used set of features. The Appendices give detailed
technical descriptions of the operation of PC-VT.
The 4014 emulator requires the IBM Color Graphics Adapter
(CGA) (or equivalent), the Everex Edge Monochrome/Color Graphics
Adapter or the Hercules Graphics Card (or equivalent). If you
have both the IBM Monochrome and IBM Color Graphics Adapters
along with two displays, PC-VT will use both of them in 4014
mode.
PC-VT handles the following 4014 functions :
- Emulates both Tektronix 4010 and 4014 terminals.
Since the PC screen is not the same as the Tektronix 4014
screen, the following adjustment is made (high resolution
coordinates are shown in parentheses):
For the 4010:
X scale = Tekpoints 0-1023 are mapped into PC 0-639(720)
Y scale = Tekpoints 0-779 are mapped into PC 0-199(348)
Y points 780-1023 map above the screen
but are still valid.
For the 4014:
X scale = Tekpoints 0-4095 are mapped into PC 0-639(720)
Y scale = Tekpoints 0-3119 are mapped into PC 0-199(348)
Y points 3120-4095 map above the screen
but are still valid.
- Supports Alpha mode, Graph mode, Point Plot mode, Special
Point Plot mode, Incremental Plot mode, and GIN mode.
- Handles both 0-1023 (4010) and 0-4096 (4014) coordinate
spaces.
- Draws normal, dotted, dot-dashed, short-dash, and long-dash
vectors.
- Supports write thru mode by exclusive-ORing vectors drawn
in that mode into the screen. Therefore, vectors
continually drawn in write thru mode will appear to blink
on the screen.
- Connects a printer as LPT1 or LPT2 and includes local print
screen operations. The IBM supplied GRAPHICS.COM program
must have been run first as it is used for printing the CGA
screen. The high resolution screen is printed by PC-VT,
eliminating the need to run GRAPHICS.COM.
Page 5
Introduction PC-VT v10.0
- Handles Page-Full and Autoprint operations.
- SCROLL LOCK key pauses vector drawing.
- Unlike a real 4014, PC-VT handles XON and XOFF like a VT100
even in 4014 mode. If you do not want this handshaking,
disable the XON/XOFF feature in the SETUP B frame.
PC-VT can not handle the following items in 4014 mode:
- Margin 2 is not implemented. Page Full condition is
selected when a line feed is output on the bottom line of
the screen.
- The IBM PC does not display an Alpha cursor when the screen
is in graphics mode.
- The alternate character set is not supported.
- PC-VT generates two character sets when using either the
IBM CGA, the Everex Edge or the Hercules Graphics cards.
The larger set is 8x8 dots and the smaller is 6x6 dots. The
smaller set contains capital letters only.
- The IBM CGA supports 25 lines by 80 columns and 33 lines by
106 columns. When using the high resolution mode of the
Everex Edge or Hercules cards, PC-VT supports 43 lines by
90 columns and 58 lines by 120 columns.
- Defocused mode is not supported. Handled as regular
vectors.
- Varying intensity vectors are not supported. Only 0% and
100% intensity are supported.
- Special Point Plot mode responds to all vectors with
intensity greater than 0% as 100%. There are no
intermediate intensity levels.
Page 6
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 2
Required Hardware and Software
PC-VT requires an IBM PC, PCXT, PCjr, or PCAT with either
the IBM Monochrome or Color/Graphics adapter, an 80 column
screen, 128K of memory (enough for DOS plus about 58K for the PC-
VT program and about 23K for the HELP frame), one disk drive and
one RS-232 port. The RS-232 port can be jumpered as COM1 or COM2.
A line printer, if present, is supported if it is connected to a
parallel port jumpered as either LPT1 or LPT2. The DOS MODE
command can be used to route LPT1 or LPT2 output to a COM port if
a serial printer is attached. PC-VT operated under DOS 2.x, or
3.x. PC-VT runs from either floppy diskette or fixed disk. PC-VT
is not copy protected.
To run the 4014 emulator, PC-VT requires either the IBM
Color Graphics Adapter and a color monitor, the Everex Edge
Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter and an IBM monochrome monitor
or the Hercules Graphics Card and an IBM monochrome monitor.
To use 132 columns in the VT emulator requires the Everex
Edge Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter and an IBM monochrome
monitor.
To use the Scroll Buffer feature, PC-VT requires an
additional 88K of memory to hold the recalled screen information.
To run the KERMIT file transfer module, PC-VT requires an
additional 83K of memory.
The ANSI.SYS device driver is not needed. When it's
loaded, it will not interfere with PC-VT but will slow down the
program operation. PC-VT will not recognize keyboard
redefinitions performed by ANSI.SYS.
PC-VT supports the Hayes Smartmodem or compatible cards.
Chapter 9 gives the details for their use. The modem card can be
configured as COM1 or COM2. If an external modem is used, the
RS-232 port in the IBM PC can also be configured either as COM1
or COM2.
Page 7
Required Hardware and Software PC-VT v10.0
Page 8
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 3
Installing and Starting PC-VT
3.1 Installation
First, make a backup of the diskette containing the
program and support files. Place the original diskette in a safe
place and use it only to make additional working copies of PC-VT.
3.1.1 Floppy Diskette Installation
Insert the diskette into one of your diskette drives. Set
the default diskette letter in DOS to that drive.
PC-VT creates and uses three files on the disk to save
default parameters. The files are PARAMS.DAT, DIALER.DAT, and
MACRO.DAT. These files are automatically created on the default
drive when you start the program for the first time.
3.1.2 Fixed Disk Installation
Using PC-VT on the IBM fixed disk is the most convenient
way to use the program. There are no special requirements. Copy
the program PC-VT.EXE and the file HELP.DAT to the fixed disk and
using the SET command as described below. If you are going to run
KERMIT file transfers, copy KERMIT.COM to the fixed disk.
PC-VT creates and uses three files on the disk to save
default parameters. The files are PARAMS.DAT, DIALER.DAT, and
MACRO.DAT. These files are automatically created in the default
directory on the default drive. A better way to handle these
files is to specify an environment string telling PC-VT the
directory to store these three files. You should copy the
KERMIT.COM into this directory as well. You can specify the PATH
command which DOS uses to locate the PC-VT program itself. With
these two features, you can execute PC-VT without regard to the
current default directory set on your fixed disk.
Use the DOS SET command as follows:
SET PC-VT=d:path
Page 9
Installing and Starting PC-VT PC-VT v10.0
Where "d" is the drive letter and "path" is the pathname.
The pathname can be any string acceptable to the DOS CHDIR
command. Some examples:
SET PC-VT= PC-VT uses the default
directory on the default disk.
SET PC-VT=C: PC-VT uses the default
directory on the C drive.
SET PC-VT=A:\ PC-VT uses the root
directory on the A drive.
SET PC-VT=C:\PC-VT PC-VT uses the directory
named PC-VT on the C drive.
Again, if you don't bother with this option, PC-VT just
uses the default directory on the default drive.
Here is an example of a command sequence used to load PC-
VT onto a fixed disk. Put the diskette containing the program and
support files into the A diskette drive. Replace the drive letter
C in the example with the drive letter of your fixed disk.
C:
CD \
MKDIR PC-VT
SET PATH=C:\;C:\PC-VT
SET PC-VT=C:\PC-VT
COPY A:PC-VT.EXE C:\PC-VT/V
COPY A:HELP.DAT C:\PC-VT/V
COPY A:KERMIT.COM C:\PC-VT/V
Now you can execute PC-VT without regard to the current
default directory.
3.2 Starting PC-VT
If you have a modem which requires manual dialing, dial
up the host computer and turn on the modem. Start the program by
typing PC-VT. PC-VT is preinitialized to communicate at 1200 baud
with 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit through COM port 1.
If these parameters are not correct for your installation you can
change them. See the discussion of the SETUP frames for
instructions on how to change parameters.
As PC-VT starts up, it initializes the COMx port and
establishes the connection to the modem. The screen displays the
communications frame. Lines 1 through 24 emulate the VT100 screen
which has 24 lines. Line 25 is a Status Line. The first thing
that you see on line 25 is the word "ON LINE" and the version
number of PC-VT in the lower left. This indicates that PC-VT is
Page 10
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
operating normally and is ready to communicate. If you have a
Hayes or Hayes compatible modem, you can now automatically dial
the host's number. Press CTRL-F9 to enter the DIALING frame. See
Chapter 9 for detailed instructions on how to use this dialing
facility. Most host systems require that the terminal initiate
communications, so press ENTER once or twice. Your host computer
should now be responding. From this point on, PC-VT runs your PC
as a VT100 video terminal.
In addition to the items described above, the Status Line
also shows the status of the attached modem if the cable to the
modem carries all signals or if the modem is an internally
mounted unit. These three icons are displayed:
- DSR - Data Set Ready - the modem is ready to accept data.
- CD - Carrier Detect - the modem has detected a carrier on
the phone line.
- CTS - Clear To Send - the modem has established a
connection and is ready to send data to the host.
If you are using a intelligent modem, the modem may
signal CD and CTS even when not connected to the host. There is
usually a switch on the modem to switch these two lines to their
correct operation. Keep in mind that PC-VT doesn't care about
these lines, it just displays them for your information.
The CD and DSR lines can be used by the dialer during a
modem dial operation. See Chapter 9 for dialer details.
A new copy of Command.COM can be started without
terminating PC-VT or breaking the host connection. To do this,
press ALT-F (hold down the ALT key and then press the F key). The
contents of the communications frame is saved by PC-VT. Then the
screen clears and a DOS prompt appears on the screen. You can now
execute all DOS commands and even start up other programs. Be
careful, though, that you do not run a program that uses the same
communications port or disk files as being used by PC-VT. The
other program may leave the communications port in an unknown
state and PC-VT may not be able to regain control of it. When you
wish to return to PC-VT, type "exit" at the Command.COM prompt
and control returns to the PC-VT communications frame.
PC-VT uses the environment string "COMSPEC=" to locate
the command processor. Since DOS sets this string up
automatically, you don't have to concern yourself with it. The
most useful reason for getting back to DOS by this method instead
of terminating PC-VT is that PC-VT remains in memory and
constantly monitors the communications port. Then when you return
to PC-VT by typing "exit", PC-VT immediately displays all
information which it received and saved while you were running
other DOS programs. Of course, if you terminate PC-VT to run
other DOS programs, PC-VT is cleared from memory and the
Page 11
Installing and Starting PC-VT PC-VT v10.0
communications port is no longer monitored. All information
received on the port is lost.
PC-VT outputs both tones and clicks on the internal PC
speaker to indicate attempted illegal operations. PC-VT beeps
under the following conditions:
1. when an undefined key is pressed on the keyboard,
2. when a control character of ASCII 7 (BEL) is received,
3. when margin bell has been selected in the SETUP B frame and
the cursor enters the 8th column from the right from the
9th column from the right under control of the keyboard or
the host,
4. when the host tries to output to the line printer and the
line printer is not ready,
5. when an attempt is made to perform an illegal or undefined
operation in the SETUP, DIALING or MACRO frames, or
6. when the modem has lost communications or cannot transmit,
PC-VT times out after trying to send a character for one-
half second.
PC-VT clicks under the following conditions:
1. when the keyboard has been locked by the host and a key is
typed or
2. when the user requests a BREAK to be sent to host.
3.3 Command Line Options
When you start up PC-VT by typing the program name at the
DOS command prompt, you can follow the name with the following
command line options. You must do this at least once if you are
using the Everex Edge or Hercules Graphics cards. To make your
selections permanent once you have started PC-VT, go to the SETUP
A frame and press "S" to save this information in your USER
MEMORY on disk. Then when you next start PC-VT, the selected mode
will be automatically started.
/g tells PC-VT not to display the opening banner but
to go directly into the communications frame.
/dn tells PC-VT to dial the number in the DIALING
frame corresponding to n, where n is a number from
1 to 10. PC-VT takes the entry in the DIALING
directory and dials the number during its start up
Page 12
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
sequence. This lets you start the program and
immediately dial a number. The dialing entry can
be a complete logon macro as described in the
Chapter 9.
/ln tells PC-VT to load the SETUP data for the host in
the DIALING frame corresponding to n, where n is a
number from 1 to 10. PC-VT takes the entry in the
DIALING directory and loads the SETUP data during
its start up sequence. This lets you start the
program and have the SETUP data for a particular
host. This is useful if you are already dialed in
to a host and just want to reset PC-VT or if you
are on a direct connection to a host.
/c tells PC-VT to use the other communications port.
That is, if the default you have set is COM1, when
PC-VT starts, it uses COM2.
/t causes PC-VT to immediately go into 4014 mode.
Normally, PC-VT starts up in VT100 mode and you
must switch it to 4014 mode by pressing ALT-T.
/b tells PC-VT that you have both the IBM monochrome
and IBM Color Graphics Adapter installed. That way
you can use the monochrome display for VT100
emulation and the graphics display for 4014
emulation. The displays are not cleared as you
switch between emulators. To let PC-VT make the
most of this mode, you should start the program
from the monochrome display.
/e tells PC-VT that you have an Everex Edge
Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter Card with an IBM
monochrome monitor installed in your PC. With this
card, PC-VT can display the 132 column VT100
screen, the regular 80 column screen and the 4014
high resolution graphic screens on the same
display. The display is automatically switched as
you switch emulators. Caution : If you select this
option and you do not have the Everex Edge card
installed, the results are unpredictable. This
mode REQUIRES the IBM monochrome monitor be
connected to the Edge card.
/h tells PC-VT that you have either an Everex Edge
Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter or a Hercules
Graphics Card installed in your PC. PC-VT produces
4014 graphics using the 720 by 348 pixel modes
supported by these cards. You don't have to use
this option if you have already used the /e
option. Caution : If you select this option and
you do not have an Everex Edge or Hercules card
installed, the results are unpredictable. This
Page 13
Installing and Starting PC-VT PC-VT v10.0
mode REQUIRES the IBM monochrome monitor be
connected to the Edge card. 132 column mode is not
supported if you just use the /h option and you
have the Everex Edge card installed - in that
case, use the /e option.
/i tells PC-VT that you want to use what ever monitor
is attached to your system. This is the default
and needs only be entered if you want to reset a
/h, /b, or /e option specified previously.
Page 14
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 4
Stopping PC-VT
Since CTRL-C is a valid key for the VT100 and the 4014,
PC-VT intercepts both that key and CTRL-BREAK before DOS can use
them to terminate the program. Even in the non communications
frames, PC-VT cannot be terminated by pressing CTRL-C or CTRL-
BREAK.
Therefore, to terminate PC-VT, press CTRL-F8 from the
communications frame.
The screen clears, control returns to DOS and the DOS
prompt appears. The host connection is not broken (DTR and RTS
are kept active) and restarting PC-VT re-establishes
communications.
Page 15
Stopping PC-VT PC-VT v10.0
Page 16
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 5
VT100 Keyboard Assignments
Since the keyboard on the IBM PC is not the same as the
VT100, certain keys have to be mapped. The basic keyboard is the
same of course. The keypad, cursor keys and certain other control
keys are in different positions on the two keyboards. The other
major difference is the lack of separate cursor keys on the PC
(the cursor keys and the keypad occupy the same keys). You can
also make a custom keyboard mapping described in the section
titled Keyboard Redefinition.
5.1 Regular Key Mapping
VT100 PC Notes Key
Equivalent
Key
DELETE
Backspace The backspace key on the IBM PC
keyboard emulates the DELETE key on the VT100. An
option on the SETUP B frame lets you change the
IBM PC backspace key to send an ASCII 8 to the
host instead of the ASCII 127 per the VT100
definition.
Del When the keyboard is in numeric keypad
mode, the Del key sends a DEL character to the
host (ASCII 127). In application keypad mode, the
keypad is redefined to work with one of the text
editors: EDT, EVE or VI.
BACKSPACE
Shift-Tab The SHIFT-Tab key sends a backspace
character (ASCII 8) to the host.
Page 17
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Backspace Alternate method. Use the SETUP B
frame to change the IBM PC backspace key to send a
backspace (ASCII 8) to the host.
CTRL-H The CTRL-H key always sends a
backspace character (ASCII 8).
LINEFEED
CTRL-J This key combination sends a line feed
character to the host.
CTRL-@
CTRL-@ This key combination sends a NUL
character (ASCII 0) to the host. This is the same
as the VT100.
NO SCROLL
SCROLL LOCK The SCROLL LOCK key on IBM PC freezes
the display and emulates the NO SCROLL key on the
VT100. PC-VT displays the word "SCR" on the status
line of the display to remind you that the SCROLL
LOCK key has been depressed once.
Depressing the key again resets SCROLL
LOCK and clears the status line reminder. PC-VT
continues to accept characters from the host until
PC-VT's communications buffer fills at which point
PC-VT sends an XOFF.
Pressing the Keypad + (plus) key dumps
the screen onto a disk file. The screen
information is appended to the file if it already
exists. The file is named SCRNDUMP.DAT and is
created on the default drive. Trailing spaces are
removed from each screen line as the data is
written to disk.
The Scroll Buffer section in this
chapter, describes PC-VT features activated when
you press the SCROLL LOCK key.
ARROWS
Page 18
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Cursor Keys The four cursor keys on the IBM PC
keyboard emulate the four cursor keys on the
VT100. NUM LOCK must be off for these keys to
function. If NUM LOCK is set, the keypad generates
the numeric characters shown on the keys.
HERE IS
ALT-B The ALT-B key emulates the HERE IS key
on the VT. That is, the answerback message is
transmitted.
----
NUM LOCK The NUM LOCK key places the IBM PC
keypad in numeric mode. The NUM LOCK key functions
locally in the PC only and does not transmit any
characters to the host computer. PC-VT displays
the word "NUM" on the status line of the display
to remind you that the NUM LOCK key has been
depressed once. Depressing the key again resets
NUM LOCK and clears the reminder.
----
CAPS LOCK The CAPS LOCK key places the IBM PC
keyboard in uppercase mode. The CAPS LOCK key
functions locally in the PC only and does not
transmit any characters to the host computer. PC-
VT displays the word "CAP" on the status line of
the display to remind you that the CAPS LOCK key
has been depressed once. Depressing the key again
resets CAPS LOCK and clears the reminder.
Page 19
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
5.2 Keypad Mapping
In VT100 Numeric Keypad mode, F1 thru F4 on the IBM PC
keyboard emulate the PF1 thru PF4 keys on the VT100.
In VT100 Application Keypad mode, F1 thru F10 map onto
the VT100 keypad as follows (PC-VT displays the Greek letter
alpha on the status line to indicate that Application Keypad mode
is set. This mode is set and reset only by an escape sequence
from the host computer.):
IBM PC Key ..... VT100 Key
F1 ................... PF1
F2 ................... PF2
F3 ..................... 7
F4 ..................... 8
F5 ..................... 4
F6 ..................... 5
F7 ..................... 1
F8 ..................... 2
F9 ..................... 0
F10 .................... 0
SHIFT-F1 ............. PF3
SHIFT-F2 ............. PF4
SHIFT-F3 ............... 9
SHIFT-F4 ............... -
SHIFT-F5 ............... 6
SHIFT-F6 ............... ,
SHIFT-F7 ............... 3
SHIFT-F8 ........... ENTER
SHIFT-F9 ............... .
SHIFT-F10 .......... ENTER
This assignment was closely follows the physical layout
of the keypad on the VT100. The VT100 has four columns of keys in
the keypad. PC-VT emulates the two left columns with the function
keys and emulates the two right columns with the shifted function
keys. Users who are familiar with the VT100 keypad and have
memorized the position of each key should have little trouble
using this function key mapping. Note that the "0" key and the
ENTER key are mapped onto two of the PC keys. This is because on
the VT100, the "0" and ENTER keys are double width.
Note : NUM LOCK is handled locally in the IBM PC. For the
keypad keys to work correctly when using PC-VT, NUM LOCK should
not be set.
Page 20
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Figure 1 shows this mapping. The name of the IBM PC key
is in the upper left of each key and the emulated key or function
is shown in the center of the key.
Page 21
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Figure 1 KEYPAD FUNCTION MAPPING
FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F1 │ │F2 │ │F1 │ │F2 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ PF1 │ │ PF2 │ │ PF3 │ │ PF4 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F3 │ │F4 │ │F3 │ │F4 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ 7 │ │ 8 │ │ 9 │ │ - │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F5 │ │F6 │ │F5 │ │F6 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ 4 │ │ 5 │ │ 6 │ │ , │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F7 │ │F8 │ │F7 │ │F8 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ 1 │ │ 2 │ │ 3 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ ENTER │
┌───────────────────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│F9 F10 │ │F9 │ │F10 │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ 0 │ │ . │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 22
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
5.3 VMS Line Editing Keypad Mapping
In VT100 Numeric Keypad mode, which is the normal mode of
operation, PC-VT supports the VMS line editing commands using the
PC's Keypad. This mapping is in effect only in Numeric Keypad
mode; in Application Keypad mode, the selected text editor, EVE,
EDT or VI, takes over the PC's keypad.
IBM PC Key ............ Line Editing Function Performed
Keypad + ................ Enter key on the VT100 Keypad
Del key .................. Deletes the character to the
left of the cursor
Up Arrow .................. Recall the previous command
Down Arrow .................... Recall the next command
Left Arrow ....................... Move the cursor left
Right Arrow ..................... Move the cursor right
Ins key ............... Toggles Insert/Overstrike mode
Home key ................ Moves the cursor to the start
of the line
End key .................. Moves the cursor to the end
the line
PgUp key .................. Deletes characters from the
beginning of the line to the cursor
PgDn key ...................... Deletes the word at the
cursor
Figure 2 shows this mapping. The name of the IBM PC key
is in the upper left of each key and the emulated key or function
is then shown in the center of the key.
Page 23
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Figure 2 PC-VT SPECIAL VMS LINE EDIT MAPPING
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into VMS Line Editing
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│CURSOR TO │ │ RECALL │ │ DELETE │ │ │
│ START │ │ PREVIOUS │ │ BOL TO │ │ │
│ OF LINE │ │ COMMAND │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ CURSOR │ │ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ CURSOR │ │ RECALL │ │ DELETE │ │ ENTER │
│ TO END │ │ NEXT │ │ WORD │ │ │
│ OF LINE │ │ COMMAND │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ TOGGLE │ │ DELETE │ │ │
│ INSERT/OVERSTRIKE │ │ CHARACTER │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 24
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
5.4 EDT Keypad Mapping
In VT100 Application Keypad mode, which is set by the VMS
EDT text editor, the following keys cause special escape
sequences to be transmitted. Observe that some of these special
keys transmit sequences that require two or more keystrokes on
the VT100. PC-VT displays the Greek letter alpha on the status
line to indicate that this mode is active.
Bits in the SETUP frame select either VMS or UNIX mode
and select EDT or EVE keypad support for this special mapping.
For this mapping, VMS mode and EDT keypad support should be
selected.
IBM PC Key ..................... EDT Function Performed
Keypad + ................ Enter key on the VT100 Keypad
Keypad - .. DEL L (delete line) key on the VT100 Keypad
Del key ...................... DEL C (delete character)
Backspace ................ Deletes the character to the
or left of the cursor (DELETE key
ALT-= on the VT100)
Ins key .................................... OPEN LINE
Home key .......................................... TOP
End key ....................................... BOTTOM
PgUp key .................................. BACKUP SECT
PgDn key ................................. ADVANCE SECT
CTRL-Home key ............ Deletes the word to the left
or of the cursor (LINEFEED key
CTRL-J on the VT100)
CTRL-End key ............ ADVANCE DEL EOL - Erases from
the cursor to the end
of the line.
CTRL-PgUp key ............................. BACKUP PAGE
CTRL-PgDn key ............................ ADVANCE PAGE
CTRL-Left Arrow key ....... BACKUP EOL - Move cursor to
the end of the
previous line.
CTRL-Right Arrow key .... ADVANCE EOL - Move the cursor
to the end of the
current line.
SHIFT-Tab ......................... Moves the cursor to
the beginning of the line
(BACKSPACE key on the VT100).
Figure 3 shows this mapping. The name of the IBM PC key
is in the upper left of each key and the emulated key or function
is then shown in the center of the key.
Page 25
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Figure 3 VT100 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING
FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS
For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First.
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F1 │ │F2 │ │F1 │ │F2 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ GOLD │ │ HELP │ │ FNDNXT │ │ DEL L │
│ │ │ │ │ (FIND) │ │ (UND L) │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F3 │ │F4 │ │F3 │ │F4 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ PAGE │ │ SECT │ │ APPEND │ │ DEL W │
│(COMMAND) │ │ (FILL) │ │(REPLACE) │ │ (UND W) │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F5 │ │F6 │ │F5 │ │F6 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ADVANCE │ │ BACKUP │ │ CUT │ │ DEL C │
│ (BOTTOM) │ │ (TOP) │ │ (PASTE) │ │ (UND C) │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F7 │ │F8 │ │F7 │ │F8 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ WORD │ │ EOL │ │ CHAR │ │ │
│(CHNG C) │ │ (DEL EOL)│ │(SPECINS) │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ ENTER │
│ (SUBS) │
│ │
┌───────────────────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│F9 F10 │ │F9 │ │F10 │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ LINE │ │ SELECT │ │ │
│ (OPEN LINE) │ │ (RESET) │ │ │
└───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 26
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
VT100 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT
For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First.
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ TOP │ │ CURSOR │ │ BACKUP │ │ DEL L │
│ │ │ UP │ │ SECT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ CURSOR │ │ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ BOTTOM │ │ CURSOR │ │ ADVANCE │ │ ENTER │
│ │ │ DOWN │ │ SECT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ OPEN LINE │ │ DEL C │ │ │
│ (LINE) │ │ (UND C) │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 27
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
VT100 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ DELETE TO│ │ │ │ BACKUP │ │ │
│ START OF │ │ │ │ PAGE │ │ │
│ WORD │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ CURSOR TO│ │ │ │ CURSOR TO│ │ │
│ END OF │ │ │ │ END OF │ │ │
│ LAST LINE│ │ │ │ LINE │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ ERASE TO │ │ │ │ ADVANCE │ │ │
│ END OF │ │ │ │ PAGE │ │ │
│ LINE │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 28
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Figure 4 VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING
FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS
For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First.
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F1 │ │F2 │ │F1 │ │F2 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ GOLD │ │ HELP │ │ DEL L │ │ NOT │
│ │ │ │ │ (UND L) │ │ USED │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F3 │ │F4 │ │F3 │ │F4 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ PAGE │ │ FNDNXT │ │ DEL W │ │ NOT │
│(COMMAND) │ │ (FIND) │ │ (UND W) │ │ USED │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F5 │ │F6 │ │F5 │ │F6 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ADVANCE │ │ BACKUP │ │ DEL C │ │ NOT │
│ (BOTTOM) │ │ (TOP) │ │ (UND C) │ │ USED │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F7 │ │F8 │ │F7 │ │F8 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ WORD │ │ EOL │ │ CUT │ │ │
│(CHNG C) │ │ (DEL EOL)│ │ (PASTE) │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ ENTER │
│ (SUBS) │
│ │
┌───────────────────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│F9 F10 │ │F9 │ │F10 │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ LINE │ │ SELECT │ │ │
│ (OPEN LINE) │ │ (RESET) │ │ │
└───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 29
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT
For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First.
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │ │ │
│ TOP │ │ UP │ │ BACKUP │ │ DEL L │
│ │ │(REPLACE) │ │ SECT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ CURSOR │ │ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
│ (APPEND) │ │ │ │ (SPECINS)│ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │ │ │
│ BOTTOM │ │ DOWN │ │ ADVANCE │ │ ENTER │
│ │ │ (SECT) │ │ SECT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ OPEN LINE │ │ DEL C │ │ │
│ (LINE) │ │ (UND C) │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 30
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ DELETE TO│ │ │ │ BACKUP │ │ │
│ START OF │ │ │ │ PAGE │ │ │
│ WORD │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ CURSOR TO│ │ │ │ CURSOR TO│ │ │
│ END OF │ │ │ │ END OF │ │ │
│ LAST LINE│ │ │ │ LINE │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ ERASE TO │ │ │ │ ADVANCE │ │ │
│ END OF │ │ │ │ PAGE │ │ │
│ LINE │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 31
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
5.5 EVE Keypad Mapping
In VT100 Application Keypad mode, which is set by the VMS
EVE text editor, the following keys cause special escape
sequences to be transmitted. PC-VT displays the Greek letter
alpha on the status line to indicate that this mode is active.
Bits in the SETUP frame select either VMS or UNIX mode
and select EVE or EVE keypad support for this special mapping.
For this mapping, VMS mode and EVE keypad support should be
selected.
IBM PC Key ..................... EVE Function Performed
Keypad + ........................................... Do
Keypad - .......................... Moves the cursor to
the beginning of the line
Del key ........................................ Remove
Backspace ................ Deletes the character to the
or left of the cursor (DELETE key
ALT-= on the VT100)
Ins key .................................. Insert Here
Home key ......................................... Find
End key ....................................... Select
PgUp key .............................. Previous Screen
PgDn key .................................. Next Screen
CTRL-Home key .................................... Help
CTRL-End key .......................... Forward/Reverse
CTRL-PgUp key ...................................... Do
CTRL-PgDn key .............................. Erase Word
CTRL-Left Arrow key ................. Insert/Overstrike
CTRL-Right Arrow key ..................... Move by Line
SHIFT-Tab ......................... Moves the cursor to
the beginning of the line
(BACKSPACE key on the VT100).
Figure 5 shows this mapping. The name of the IBM PC key
is in the upper left of each key and the emulated key or function
is then shown in the center of the key.
Page 32
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Figure 5 PC-VT SPECIAL EVE KEY MAPPING
FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F1 │ │F2 │ │F1 │ │F2 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ FIND │ │ HELP │ │ FORWARD/ │ │ DO │
│ │ │ │ │ REVERSE │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F3 │ │F4 │ │F3 │ │F4 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ SELECT │ │ REMOVE │ │ INSERT │ │ MOVE BY │
│ │ │ │ │ HERE │ │ LINE │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F5 │ │F6 │ │F5 │ │F6 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ not used │ │ CURSOR │ │ not used │ │ ERASE │
│ │ │ UP │ │ │ │ WORD │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│F7 │ │F8 │ │F7 │ │F8 │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ CURSOR │ │ CURSOR │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ DOWN │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ INSERT/ │
│OVERSTRIKE│
│ │
┌───────────────────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│F9 F10 │ │F9 │ │F10 │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ NEXT │ │ PREVIOUS │ │ │
│ SCREEN │ │ SCREEN │ │ │
└───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 33
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
PC-VT SPECIAL EVE KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EVE
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ CURSOR TO│
│ FIND │ │ CURSOR │ │ PREVIOUS │ │ START OF │
│ │ │ UP │ │ SCREEN │ │ LINE │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ CURSOR │ │ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ SELECT │ │ CURSOR │ │ NEXT │ │ DO │
│ │ │ DOWN │ │ SCREEN │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ INSERT HERE │ │ REMOVE │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 34
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
PC-VT SPECIAL EVE KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EVE - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ HELP │ │ │ │ DO │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ INSERT/ │ │ │ │ MOVE BY │ │ │
│OVERSTRIKE│ │ │ │ LINE │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ FORWARD/ │ │ │ │ ERASE │ │ │
│ REVERSE │ │ │ │ WORD │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 35
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
5.6 VI Keypad Mapping
In VT100 Application Keypad mode, which is set by the
UNIX VI text editor, the following keys cause special escape
sequences to be transmitted. Some of these special keys transmit
sequences that require two or more keystrokes on the VT100. PC-VT
displays the Greek letter alpha in the status line to indicate
that this mode is active.
A bit in the SETUP frame selects either VMS or UNIX mode
for this special mapping. For this mapping, UNIX mode should be
selected.
IBM PC Key ...................... VI Function Performed
Del key ............................ Delete a character
ALT-= ......................... DELETE key on the VT100
Ins key ........................... Go into Insert Mode
Home key .................. Go to beginning of the file
End key ......................... Go to end of the file
PgUp key ........................... Scroll up the file
PgDn key ......................... Scroll down the file
CTRL-Home key ..................... Go to start of line
CTRL-End key ........................ Go to end of line
CTRL-PgUp key ................. Go to top of the screen
CTRL-PgDn key .............. Go to bottom of the screen
CTRL-Left Arrow key ............... Go to previous word
CTRL-Right Arrow key .................. Go to next word
This VI keypad mapping is only supported in VT100/102
mode not in VT52 compatibility mode.
Figure 6 shows this mapping. The name of the IBM PC key
is in the upper left of each key and the emulated key or function
is then shown in the center of the key.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Figure 6 VT100 SPECIAL VI KEY MAPPING
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into VI
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ GO TO │ │ CURSOR │ │ SCROLL │ │ │
│ TOP │ │ UP │ │ UP │ │ │
│ OF FILE │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ CURSOR │ │ │ │ CURSOR │ │ │
│ LEFT │ │ │ │ RIGHT │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ GO TO │ │ CURSOR │ │ SCROLL │ │ │
│ END │ │ DOWN │ │ DOWN │ │ │
│ OF FILE │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ ENTER INSERT │ │ DELETE │ │ │
│ MODE │ │ A CHARACTER │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 37
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
VT100 SPECIAL VI KEY MAPPING..continued
PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into VI - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY
══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│7 │ │8 │ │9 │ │-[minus] │
│ GO TO │ │ │ │ GO TO │ │ │
│ START OF │ │ │ │ TOP OF │ │ │
│ LINE │ │ │ │ SCREEN │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│4 │ │5 │ │6 │ │+[plus] │
│ GO TO │ │ │ │ GO TO │ │ │
│ PREVIOUS │ │ │ │ NEXT │ │ │
│ WORD │ │ │ │ WORD │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │
│1 │ │2 │ │3 │ │ │
│ GO TO │ │ │ │ GO TO │ │ │
│ END OF │ │ │ │ BOTTOM OF│ │ │
│ LINE │ │ │ │ SCREEN │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │
│ │
│ │
┌─────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │
│0 │ │.[period] │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ └──────────┘
Page 38
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
5.7 Control Function Keys
CTRL-F1: PC-VT enters the SETUP frame. See Chapter 6.
CTRL-F2: Lets you change the default directory for
uploading and downloading files. See Chapter 8.
CTRL-F3: Receives a file (ASCII, XMODEM, or KERMIT). See
Chapter 8.
CTRL-F4: Transmits a file (ASCII, XMODEM, or KERMIT). See
Chapter 8.
CTRL-F5: Prints screen. The screen is printed on the
selected printer (LPT1 or LPT2), if present. The
printer is selected in the SETUP B frame.
Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [
i" sequence. If the Print Termination Character is
set in the SETUP B frame, the printer paper
advances to the top of the next page after the
screen is printed.
CTRL-F6: Echoes to selected printer (LPT1 or LPT2). Toggles
On/Off echoing to the selected printer, if
present. The printer is selected in the SETUP B
frame. Prints all characters received or
transmitted to/from the host. Characters displayed
on the status line (line 25) are never printed.
Performs the same function as receipt of "ESC [ ?
5 i" and "ESC [ ? 4 i" sequences. A 'P' is
displayed in column 42 of the status line to
remind you that printer echo is on. A Formfeed
which is normally translated to a linefeed by PC-
VT is retained as a formfeed when printer echo is
on.
CTRL-F7: Sends a break to the host. Confirmation of the
operation is a click at the start of the break and
another click at the end of the operation. If the
disconnect character feature is selected in the
SETUP B frame, PC-VT sends an EOT character (ASCII
4) before it sends the break. A BREAK is a "space"
condition on the line for at least 275
milliseconds. To send a long BREAK or disconnect,
press ALT-Q.
CTRL-F8 or ALT-C :
Terminates PC-VT and returns to DOS. Use the ALT
key for PCjr's.
Page 39
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
CTRL-F9 or ALT-V :
Enters the DIALING frame. See Chapter 9 for
instructions. The ALT key is for PCjr users.
CTRL-F10 or ALT-O :
Enters the MACRO frame. See Chapter 10 for
instructions. The ALT key is for PCjr users.
5.8 ALT Keys
ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10 :
Can be used as macro keys.
ALT-B: Emulates the HERE IS key on the VT. PC-VT sends
the answerback message which is set in the SETUP B
frame.
ALT-H: Enters the HELP frame. Once you are in the HELP
frame, use the PgDn key to look at the next HELP
page. Use the PgUp key to look at the previous
HELP page and use the Esc key to exit HELP and
return to the emulator. HELP works from most
frames and is context sensitive. For example, if
you need HELP within the SETUP frames, you get
SETUP information.
ALT-K : Starts up the KERMIT module. See the attached
KERMIT document for details on its command set.
ALT-F : Starts up another copy of COMMAND.COM. This is
done without terminating PC-VT or breaking the
host connection. Once the new COMMAND.COM is
started, you can run any DOS function or other PC
program. CAUTION : You should be careful that you
don't run a program that uses the same
communications port as PC-VT is using. The other
program may leave the port in an unexpected state.
PC-VT may not then be able to get control of the
port again. Also be careful that you don't alter
any files which PC-VT may be using. To exit from
the new copy of COMMAND.COM and return to PC-VT,
type "exit" at the command prompt.
ALT-Q : Long BREAK or Disconnect. Causes PC-VT to drop the
RTS and DTR lines for one-half second.
Confirmation of the operation is a click at the
start of the long BREAK along with another click
at the end of the operation. If the disconnect
character feature is selected in the SETUP B
frame, PC-VT sends an EOT character (ASCII 4)
before it sends the BREAK.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
ALT-X : Resets XOFF Flag. If PC-VT has received an XOFF
character, PC-VT stops transmitting. If you type a
character, PC-VT beeps and ignores the key. This
is part of the VT100 definition. If something
happens and PC-VT receives an XOFF because of
garbage on the line, you can reset the XOFF flag
by pressing ALT-X. PC-VT tells you when it
receives the XOFF by displaying an 'X' on the
status line.
ALT-Z : Hangs up the phone. PC-VT performs the same
functions as if you had entered the DIALING frame
and pressed F5. That is, the Hayes compatible hang
up command is sent to the modem.
5.9 Scroll Buffer
When you press the SCROLL LOCK key, you can have PC-VT
recall previous screens of information. PC-VT saves the last
eight 80 column screens or the last five 132 column screens.
To start this feature, set the Scroll Buffer selection in
the SETUP B frame. This feature needs a lot of memory and PC-VT
tries to get it from DOS. If PC-VT can't get the memory, this
feature will not function even if selected.
You can start this feature manually as well from the
VT100 communications frame by pressing ALT-S. If you do set the
bit in the SETUP B frame, then PC-VT attempts to allocate the
Scrolling Buffer each time that it starts. The DMA feature must
also be selected in the SETUP B frame since the Scroll Buffer
directly accesses video memory.
To activate the recall, press the SCROLL LOCK key. 'SCR'
appears on the status line. At this point, you can scroll through
the previous screens by pressing these keys:
PgUp : recalls the previous screens, one screen at a
time.
PgDn : moves forward one screen at a time.
Home : recalls the oldest information in the buffer.
Up Arrow : recalls the previous screens one line at a time.
Down Arrow : once you go backward in the buffer, this key moves
forward one line at a time.
End : recalls the last active screen but remains in
Scroll Buffer mode.
Page 41
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
SCROLL LOCK : clears the Scroll Lock, displays the last active
screen, and resets the screen to normal operation.
Shift PrtSc : prints the screen on the printer. You can print
any previous screen by using the movement keys and
then pressing this key.
Keypad + (plus):
dumps the screen onto a disk file. The screen
information is appended to the file if it already
exists. The file is named SCRNDUMP.DAT and is
created on the default drive. Trailing spaces are
removed from each screen line as the data is
written to disk. You can dump any previous screen
by using the movement keys and then pressing this
key.
Keypad - (minus) :
dumps the entire Scroll Buffer onto a disk file.
The Scroll Buffer information is appended to the
file if it already exists. The file is named
SCRNDUMP.DAT and is created on the default drive.
Trailing spaces are removed from each screen line
as the data is written to disk.
The scrolling stops at each end of the buffer. That is,
once you reach the oldest line, pressing the Up Arrow or PgUp key
does nothing.
The Scrolling Buffer is cleared whenever you switch
between 80 and 132 column modes.
5.10 Keyboard Redefinition
You can download new definitions for all function and
editing keys in both numeric keypad and application keypad modes
for both the VT100 and VT52 emulators.
The escape sequence is:
ESC [ Pt ; Pk ; "string" p
sets extended key Pk in translation table Pt to the string given.
The double quotes and all other characters shown are required.
The numbers Pt and Pk must be sent as ASCII characters just like
all other sequences.
An error code is available with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n"
sequence. See the technical appendix.
The string can be any sequence of ASCII characters. It
cannot include a carriage return or escape character. If you need
Page 42
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
to include a carriage return, use the tilde character '~'. If you
need an escape character, use the underline character '_'. PC-VT
translates them when it processes the string.
Pt indicates the internal table which is changed. The
tables are:
0 Reserved to indicate Macro Key
redefinition. See Chapter 10.
1 VT100 Numeric Keypad Mode.
2 VT52 Numeric Keypad Mode.
3 VT100 Application Keypad Mode if VMS and EDT are
selected in SETUP B.
4 VT100 Application Keypad Mode if UNIX is
selected in SETUP B.
5 VT52 Application Keypad Mode.
6 VT100 Application Keypad Mode if VMS and EVE are
selected.
7-15 Reserved.
Pk indicates the extended function or editing key to be
redefined. They are:
3 ......................................... CTRL-@
15 ..................................... SHIFT-Tab
16-25 .................... ALT-Q,W,E,R,T,Y,U,I,O,P
30-38 ...................... ALT-A,S,D,F,G,H,J,K,L
44-50 .......................... ALT-Z,X,C,V,B,N,M
59-68 ................................ F1 thru F10
71 .......................................... Home
72 ...................................... Up Arrow
73 .......................................... PgUp
74 .............................. Keypad Minus Key
75 .................................... Left Arrow
77 ................................... Right Arrow
78 ............................... Keypad Plus Key
79 ........................................... End
80 .................................... Down Arrow
81 .......................................... PgDn
82 ........................................... Ins
83 ........................................... Del
84-93 .......................... SHIFT-F1 thru F10
94-103 .......................... CTRL-F1 thru F10
104-113 .......................... ALT-F1 thru F10
115 .............................. CTRL-Left Arrow
116 ............................. CTRL-Right Arrow
117 ..................................... CTRL-End
118 .................................... CTRL-PgDn
119 .................................... CTRL-Home
120-129 ............................. ALT-1 thru 0
130 ................................... ALT-(dash)
131 .................................. ALT-(equal)
132 .................................... CTRL-PgUp
Page 43
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Remember that Application Keypad Mode is set and reset by
the host computer. You can tell that it is selected because PC-VT
displays the Greek letter alpha in the middle of the status line.
Application Keypad Mode is usually set by editors, such as EDT,
EVE and VI, and other programs, such as VMS Mail, which use the
full screen capabilities of the VT100.
PC-VT can handle up to 1000 characters of new strings.
After that, additional redefinitions are ignored. The change is
permanent until PC-VT is terminated and restarted.
Caution : if you redefine CTRL-F8, the user will not be
able to terminate PC-VT without turning off the PC.
Examples (spaces for clarity only):
To set the Home key in the Numeric Keypad mode
table:
ESC [ 1 ; 71 ; "run able~dir~set def [dir1.dir2]~logout~" p
To set the PgDn key in the VT100 Application
Keypad Mode VMS table to produce a down arrow
sequence:
ESC [ 3 ; 80 ; "_OB" p
To set the ALT-H key to send the PF2 Escape
sequence followed by the Keypad Enter key
sequence:
ESC [ 3 ; 35 ; "_OQ_OM" p
This redefinition can also be done locally within the PC.
Use your favorite text editor and create a file which contains
all of the redefinitions which you wish to make. Then start up
PC-VT. Use the "view a file" option of Transmit (Upload) file to
have PC-VT send the file to itself. PC-VT interprets the Escape
sequences and redefines the keys. For more information on viewing
a file, see the Chapter 8 section titled Viewing Files or look in
the index under Viewing a File.
Here is an example of a file which when received by PC-VT
will cause the KEYPAD to map in a reasonable way for the VMS EVE
editor. This mapping is the same as the mapping which you get if
you select EVE keypad support in the SETUP B frame.
Page 44
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Assign KEYPAD Keys for the EVE/TPU VMS Text Editor
-------------------------------------------------
(Home) = Find <ESC>[3;71;"_OP"p
(up arrow) = Up Arrow <ESC>[3;72;"_Ou"p
(PgUp) = Prev Screen <ESC>[3;73;"_On"p
(left arrow) = Left Arrow <ESC>[3;75;"_Oq"p
(right arrow) = Right Arrow <ESC>[3;77;"_Os"p
(End) = Select <ESC>[3;79;"_Ow"p
(down arrow) = Down Arrow <ESC>[3;80;"_Or"p
(PgDn) = Next Screen <ESC>[3;81;"_Op"p
(Ins) = Insert Here <ESC>[3;82;"_Oy"p
(Del) = Remove <ESC>[3;83;"_Ox"p
(ctrl Home) = Help <ESC>[3;119;"_OQ"p
(ctrl PgUp) = Do <ESC>[3;132;"_OS"p
(ctrl right arrow) = Move by Line <ESC>[3;116;"_Om"p
(ctrl End) = Forward/Reverse <ESC>[3;117;"_OR"p
(ctrl PgDn) = Erase Word <ESC>[3;118;"_Ol"p
(ctrl left arrow) = Insert Overstrike <ESC>[3;115;"_OM"p
EOF
You must replace the word <ESC> with the escape character
(ASCII 27).
Note: The Pt > 0 sequence can be used to reassign Macro
Keys as well as any other key. If this is used, the user will not
see the reassignment in the MACRO frame. You should use the Pt =
0 sequence for Macro key reassignment.
Page 45
VT100 Keyboard Assignments PC-VT v10.0
Page 46
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 6
SETUP Frames
The SETUP frames are accessed by pressing CTRL-F1 from
the VT100 communications frame. SETUP A is entered first. The
contents of the communications frame are preserved and are
restored when you exit SETUP.
The SETUP frames let you set program defaults used by all
of the emulators within PC-VT.
PC-VT includes nine frames in which you can control the
operation of the emulator.
6.1 SETUP A
The SETUP A frame is used to perform the functions listed
below. The bottom two lines of the frame represent the tab stops
which are set. The bottom line counts the columns and the line
above it shows a "T" in each column where a tab is set. Here are
the functions available in SETUP A:
Exit SETUP : The ESC key or the CTRL-F1 key combination returns
PC-VT to the communications frame. If unsolicited
terminal parameter reported is enabled in VT100
emulation mode, the terminal parameters are
reported. This does not occur in VT102 emulation
mode.
Reset : The "0" key clears the tabs and features and
reloads them from the USER MEMORY disk file,
PARAMS.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT then
returns to the communications frame.
Set/Clear Tabs:
The "2" key sets or clears a tab at the column
position of the cursor. The left and right arrows,
the tab key, the space bar, and the ENTER key can
be used to move the cursor to the column in which
you want to set or clear the tab. A "T" appears to
indicate that a tab was set or the "T" is blanked
Page 47
SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
to indicate that a tab was cleared. In either
case, the character is highlighted to indicate
that a change was made.
Clear All Tabs:
The "3" key clears all tab stops. All of the "T"
tab stop indicators are cleared.
Go to SETUP B :
The "5" key selects the SETUP B frame.
Store into USER MEMORY:
The "S" key stores all currently set tab stops and
features selected by SETUP B onto a disk file on
the PC-DOS default drive. The name of the file is
PARAMS.DAT.
Reset : The "R" key clears the tabs and features and
reloads them from the USER MEMORY disk file,
PARAMS.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT remains in
the SETUP A frame.
Select General Default:
The "D" key clears any user set tabs and features
(from SETUP B) and resets them to PC-VT defined
defaults.
Select Tab Default:
The "T" key clears any user set tabs and resets
them to every 8 columns as follows:
Columns 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 65, and 73.
A "T" appears in each of these columns on the
second line from the bottom of the SETUP A frame
to indicate that a tab is set.
Incr/Decr Line Turnaround Character = xx (ASCII : y) :
This character is used in conjunction with ASCII
file upload. When uploading, PC-VT can be told to
wait for this character (the =t option) to be sent
by the Host before PC-VT sends the next line. For
our purposes, a line ends when a carriage return
(ASCII 13) is uploaded. The value of xx is the
ASCII value of the character, and y is the actual
ASCII character. The character is not displayed
if it is less than 32 or equal to 255. The "L"
key increments this value and the "K" decrements
it. You must execute a "S - store into USER
MEMORY" command to save the new value of this
character on disk. Otherwise, the next time that
you start PC-VT, the original value is restored.
The first time that PC-VT starts, this character
is set to the dollar sign character, ASCII 36.
Page 48
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
6.2 SETUP B
The SETUP B frame is used to perform the functions listed
below. The bottom line of the frame represents the features which
are set or reset. See the next section for details of the
features. The number of data bits and the parity type are
displayed. The COM port speed is displayed. The selected COM port
is displayed. LPTx is displayed to indicate the selected printer
(either LPT1 or LPT2).
The currently selected host is displayed in the center of
the screen. If no host has been selected in the DIALER frame,
this field displays as all periods. See Chapter 9 for details
about saving unique host setup information.
The default file transfer mode is displayed. This mode
will be used whenever a file transfer is started without an
option. Toggle through the options by using the "x" key.
Permanently save the selected option by pressing "s" in the SETUP
A frame to save the USER MEMORY on disk. Modes which are not
supported in both receive and transmit are set as follows:
Receive Transmit
Mode File File
XMODEM XMODEM XMODEM
XMODEM CRC XMODEM CRC XMODEM CRC
ASCII (wait for LF) ASCII (wait for LF) ASCII
ASCII (immediate) ASCII (immediate) ASCII
ASCII (CTRL-Z) ASCII ASCII (CTRL-Z)
ASCII with Turnaround ASCII ASCII with
Turnaround
View a File ASCII View a File
KERMIT KERMIT KERMIT
See Chapter 8 for details on each of these modes.
The selected monitor mode is displayed to show which
monitor is being used by PC-VT. The monitor mode is selected when
you first start up PC-VT and are saved when you save the USER
MEMORY data on disk. Check the index entry on Command Line
Options for more information. Monitor modes are:
Default: PC-VT uses either the IBM monochrome or the IBM
Color Graphics Adapter whichever is the default
monitor when PC-VT is stated.
Both: PC-VT uses both the IBM monochrome or the IBM
Color Graphics Adapters. The monochrome monitor is
used for VT emulation and the CGA is used for 4014
emulation.
Page 49
SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
Everex Edge: PC-VT uses the Everex Edge card and monochrome
monitor for both VT and 4014 Emulation. Supports
132 column mode in the VT emulator and 720 by 348
high resolution graphics in the 4014 emulator.
Hercules: PC-VT uses the Hercules Graphics card and
monochrome monitor for both VT and 4014 Emulation.
Supports 720 by 348 high resolution graphics in
the 4014 emulator.
Here are the functions available in the SETUP B frame:
Exit SETUP : The ESC key or CTRL-F1 exits SETUP B and returns
to the communications frame. If unsolicited
terminal parameter reported is enabled in VT100
emulation mode, the terminal parameters are
reported. This does not occur in VT102 emulation
mode.
Go to SETUP A :
The "5" key selects the SETUP A frame.
Toggle 1/0: The "6" key sets(1) or resets(0) a feature at the
column position of the cursor. The left and right
arrows, the tab key, the space bar, and the ENTER
key can be used to move the cursor to the column
in which you want to set or clear the feature.
Features displayed with an "X" are set to an
automatic default and cannot be changed. Other
features change from a "1" to a "0" or from a "0"
to a "1" to indicate that the state of the feature
has been changed. Features marked as "Reserved"
should not be toggled. The digit is highlighted to
indicate that a change was made. To preserve these
features in your USER MEMORY disk file use the "S
- Store into USER MEMORY" command in the SETUP A
frame. Otherwise, the old values will be reloaded
the next time PC-VT starts.
COM Port Selection :
COM1 or COM2 can be selected by flipping the 4th
bit of the 6th group of feature bits on the
bottom of the SETUP B frame. The word COM1 or COM2
displays next to the word MODEM on this frame to
indicate which RS232 port is in use by PC-VT. To
change ports, just go to SETUP B frame, space over
to the 4th bit of the 6th group and then press the
"6" key. This causes the 1 or 0 in the feature bit
to flip. Then return to the SETUP A frame by
pressing "5" and store the new value into USER
MEMORY by pressing "S".
Page 50
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Modem Speed Control:
The "7" key causes PC-VT to display the various
modem speeds supported. The currently selected
speed is displayed under the MODEM title on the
screen. Press the "7" key repeatedly until the
speed you need is displayed. The new speed
selected is highlighted to indicate that a change
was made. The supported speeds are:
100 baud 150 baud
300 baud 600 baud
1200 baud (default) 2400 baud
4800 baud 9600 baud
To preserve this speed selection in your USER
MEMORY disk file use the "S - Store into USER
MEMORY" command in the SETUP A frame. Otherwise,
the old values will be reloaded the next time PC-
VT starts.
Select Data/Parity Bits:
The "P" key causes PC-VT to display the various
data bits/parity bits supported. The currently
selected Data bits/Parity bits combination is
displayed on the screen under the MODEM title.
Press the "P" key repeatedly until the data
bits/parity bits combination you need is
displayed. The new selection is highlighted to
indicate that a change was made. The supported
combinations are:
7O ...... 7 data bits - odd parity
7E ...... 7 data bits - even parity
7N ...... 7 data bits - no parity
8O ...... 8 data bits - odd parity
8E ...... 8 data bits - even parity
8N ...... 8 data bits - no parity
(default)
The 7E setting is the best for UNIX and the 8N
setting is best for VMS.
To preserve these Data bit/Parity bit combinations
in your USER MEMORY disk file use the "S - Store
into USER MEMORY" - command in the SETUP A frame.
Otherwise, the old values will be reloaded the
next time PC-VT starts. If you are running a 212A
modem, certain of the data bits/parity/stop bit
combinations are invalid. Check your modem manual
for the valid combinations.
Note that actual parity checking is enabled by
setting a feature in this frame. Parity checking
defaults to off. See the next section.
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SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
Set Answerback Message:
The "A" key permits you to enter a message which
PC-VT uses to respond to an Enquire control
character. Any character with an ASCII code from 0
to 127 can be entered in this message (Including
the use of the ALT key and the numbers on the PC's
keypad to enter special characters). To enter the
message, press "A". PC-VT displays the prompt
"A=". The prompt is highlighted and blinking. You
may then type in the message. The first character
typed is considered a delimiter by PC-VT. This
character must not be present in the answerback
message itself and is used only to bracket the
message since control characters like carriage
return can be part of the message. Following the
message, type the delimiter character and the
message is stored in memory.
If you make a typing mistake, you must type the
delimiter character and start the process over.
This is because the backspace key does not act as
a text editor but is actually entered as part of
the answerback message. While you are entering
this message, non-displayable characters are shown
as a diamond. The message is highlighted to
indicate that a change is being made. To preserve
this message in your USER MEMORY disk file use the
"S - Store into USER MEMORY" - command in the
SETUP A frame. Otherwise, the old message, if any,
will be reloaded the next time PC-VT starts.
The default answerback message is null, that is,
nothing is transmitted in response to an Enquire
control character.
The ALT-B key on the PC emulates the HERE IS key
on the VT and causes this message to be sent to
the host.
Change Default File Transfer Mode:
The "X" key lets you change the default file
transfer mode. Pressing that key shows each
possible mode. To preserve this selection in your
USER MEMORY disk file use the "S - Store into USER
MEMORY" - command in the SETUP A frame. Otherwise,
the old transfer mode will be set the next time
PC-VT starts.
6.2.1 SETUP B Features and Defaults
The SETUP B frame is used to select features of PC-VT.
The features are listed below along with their defaults. The
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
procedures for changing and saving these features were described
in the first part of this section. As you move the cursor across
the bottom of the frame using the cursor keys, a short
description of the meaning of the feature and its values are
displayed.
A default of (X) indicates that the feature is not
supported or is reserved. The default values are shown in
parentheses.
Group 1
Scroll (X) The design of the IBM PC does not support smooth
scroll.
Auto Repeat (1)
0 = Disable autorepeat. PC-VT can only approximate
this function since it is handled within the
keyboard. PC-VT clears the keyboard buffer after
each key is read. This effectively clears the
buffer of any auto repeated characters.
1 = Enable autorepeat.
Screen Background (0)
0 = dark background
1 = light background
Cursor (0) 0 = underline cursor
1 = block cursor
Group 2
Margin Bell (0)
Selects margin bell.
0 = Off
1 = On
If this feature is turned on, PC-VT beeps the
speaker each time that the cursor enters the 8th
rightmost column from the 9th rightmost column
under control of the keyboard or the host. This
feature is best used when entering text from the
keyboard. Any other use may cause unpredictable
results especially in full screen modes.
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SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
VMS Editor Support (0)
Selects Keypad mapping for VMS editor. Also
selectable from the host, see Appendix J.
0 = Keypad supports the EDT editor.
1 = Keypad supports the EVE editor.
ANSI/VT52 (1) Selects terminal mode.
0 = VT52 compatibility mode.
1 = ANSI mode. That is, either VT100 or VT102
depending on the setting of the Terminal Type bit
in Group 6 below.
Auto XON/XOFF (1)
0 = XOFF is ignored. PC-VT's buffer may overflow
without warning or indication.
1 = XOFF stops PC-VT from transmitting. PC-VT
stops transmitting characters when an XOFF is
received and transmits an XOFF when 75% of its
receive buffer is full (1536 characters). It then
transmits XON when the buffer has been emptied to
10% full (204 characters). If the host ignores the
XOFF character and continues to send, PC-VT
displays a '#' character to indicate that data has
been lost. When PC-VT receives an XOFF, an 'X' is
displayed in column 41 of the status line. If you
try to type a character when the 'X' is displayed,
PC-VT beeps and rejects it. If the 'X' comes on
because of noise on the communications line, you
can clear it by pressing the ALT-X key. See the
ALT-X key definition in the appendix for more
details.
Group 3
Character Set (0)
0 = Selects US Characters. The US character set is
selected as the default.
1 = Selects UK Characters. The UK character set is
selected as the default.
(Note that the only difference between the two is
the SHIFT-3 character. In the US set, it is the
"#" sign. In the UK set, it is the UK Pound sign.)
Auto Wrap (0) 0 = Auto wrap off. If the cursor is at the right
margin and another character is received, PC-VT
displays that character and all following received
characters at the right margin position,
effectively writing over one another.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
1 = Auto wrap on - If the cursor is at the right
margin and another character is received, PC-VT
performs a carriage return and linefeed before
displaying that character. Be careful when you use
this feature. When performing full screen editing,
the host may lose track of the cursor position if
you set autowrap locally in PC-VT and you do not
inform the host. In VMS, look at the SET TERM as
well as commands in the EDT editor.
Linefeed / New Line (0)
0 = LF/NL off - Pressing ENTER sends only a
carriage return to the host. The host must echo a
carriage return and linefeed to move the cursor to
the beginning of the next line.
1 = LF/NL on - Pressing ENTER sends both a
carriage return and a linefeed to the host. A
linefeed is processed just like a carriage return.
Local Echo (0)
0 = Local echo off. - The host must echo back all
typed characters in order for them to be displayed
on the screen. Linefeed characters are not
transmitted during an ASCII file transfer.
1 = Local echo on - PC-VT automatically displays
all characters typed. The host need not echo them
back. Linefeed characters are transmitted during
an ASCII file transfer.
Group 4
Print Termination Character (1)
0 = none - No control characters are sent to the
printer following a print screen operation.
1 = Form feed - A form feed is sent to the printer
following a print screen operation.
Print Extent (1)
0 = Scrolling region - A print screen operation
prints the scrolling region as set by the host
computer only.
1 = Full screen - A print screen operation prints
the entire screen.
Stop Bits (0) 0 = 1 stop bit is used by the RS232 interface.
1 = 2 stop bits are used by the RS232 interface.
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SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
Receive Parity (0)
0 = Parity on received data is not checked.
1 = Parity checking is enabled. PC-VT displays a
'!' character in place of the character with the
bad parity.
Group 5
Backspace (0) 0 = Send the backspace key as 7Fh (ASCII 127) -
the VT100 DELETE key.
1 = Send the backspace key as 08h - the IBM PC
standard. When you are doing this, you can still
send a DEL (ASCII 127) by pressing ALT-=. (Press
the ALT key and the equal sign key at the same
time.)
Disconnect Character Enable (0)
0 = Terminal ignores the disconnect character.
1 = If PC-VT receives the disconnect character (
an EOT with an ASCII value of 4), it transmits a
sustained Break and disconnects from the host
computer.
Fast Screen (0)
0 = Prevent PC-VT from doing direct reads or
writes into video memory. This is the most DOS
compatible mode. It is also the slowest mode. The
color graphics display adapter may not be able to
keep up with 9600 baud in this mode. Note that no
data will be lost. PC-VT will send XOFF and XON.
Must be set to 0 for TopView if you want to do
windowing.
1 = Permit PC-VT to do direct reads and writes
into video memory. This mode will cause
interference, or "snow", on the color graphics
display adapter but PC-VT should be able to keep
up with 9600 baud. For the monochrome card, this
setting has no effect.
Operating System (1)
0 = The UNIX VI keypad mapping is selected for the
IBM PC keypad. Control-D is selected as the End of
File character for ASCII file upload.
1 = The VMS EDT keypad mapping is selected for the
IBM PC keypad. Control-Z is selected as the End of
File character for ASCII file upload.
See Chapter 5 for the VT keypad mapping and
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 8 for ASCII file upload description. Also
selectable from the host, see Appendix J.
Group 6
Printer (0) 0 = LPT1 is selected.
1 = LPT2 is selected.
Buffer Size (1)
0 = Use a 256 byte communications buffer.
1 = Use a 2048 byte communications buffer.
Use of the larger buffer causes fewer XON/XOFF
sequences between PC-VT and the host. It also
slows the response to CTRL-C, CTRL-O and CTRL-Y
commands. For some text editors which do not use
XON/XOFF, the larger buffer size works better.
Terminal Type (0)
0 = PC-VT emulates a VT102.
1 = PC-VT emulates a VT100.
COM Port (0) 0 = PC-VT uses COM1 as the communications port.
1 = PC-VT uses COM2 as the communications port.
Group 7
DMA (1) 0 = Prevents PC-VT from doing direct memory reads
or writes into video memory while saving the
screen when you switch into the SETUP or other
auxiliary frame. The screen will still be saved
but at the much slower pace of the BIOS. This is
the most DOS compatible mode. Must be set to 0 for
TopView if you want to do windowing.
1 = Permit PC-VT to use direct memory reads and
writes into video memory while saving the screen
when you switch into the SETUP or other auxiliary
frame. Permits operation of Scroll Buffer - see
Group 10 below.
Reserved (X) Reserved for PC-VT.
Clock (1) 0 = Do not display the clock and MODEM status on
the status line.
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SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
1 = Display the time of day clock and MODEM status
on the status line.
256 Char (0) 0 = If 8 bit data is selected for receive, the 8th
bit (high order bit) is cleared to binary zero if
it is a binary one when received. PC-VT displays
characters only from the first 128 ASCII codes.
(XMODEM always uses all 8 bits.)
1 = If 8 bit data is selected for receive, the 8th
bit is interpreted as the high order bit of an 8
bit ASCII character. This permits 256 character
codes to be displayed on the screen. This is NOT a
VT function and the use of this option may cause
unpredictable results.
Group 8
CGA Underline (0)
0=Bold. PC-VT displays the underline attribute as
bold on the Color Graphics Adapter.
1=Bold and Blinking. PC-VT displays the underline
attribute as bold & blinking on the Color Graphics
Adapter. The monochrome adapter handles this
attribute correctly as underline.
Controls (0) 0=Interpret. PC-VT, when running as a VT emulator,
interprets and acts upon all escape sequences.
1=Display. PC-VT does not interpret escape
sequences. They are displayed on the screen just
as they are received. The escape character is
displayed as <ESC>.
Columns (0) 0=80. PC-VT operates in normal 80 column mode.
1=132. PC-VT operates in 132 column mode. The
Everex Edge Monochrome/Color Graphics Adapter card
must be installed. PC-VT ignores the escape
sequence to go into 132 column mode unless you
have the card installed and you have started PC-VT
with the /e option on the command line.
4014 Page Full (1)
0=Off
1=On. Causes a Page Full condition to occur when
the emulator linefeeds past the last line on the
screen. PC-VT beeps the speaker with a low pitch
tone and waits for the user to press the F2 key.
The screen is cleared and displaying continues.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
This must be set to use the Autoprint feature
described below.
Group 9
4014 CR Effect (0)
0=CR only. PC-VT transmits only a Carriage Return
code when the PC Enter key is pressed.
1=CR and LF. PC-VT transmits both a carriage
return and a linefeed code when the PC Enter key
is pressed.
4014 LOY (1) 0=RUBOUT. The RUBOUT character (ASCII 127) is
ignored.
1=LOY. The RUBOUT character is treated as a Low
Order Y coordinate address.
4014 LF Effect (0)
0=LF only. PC-VT transmits only a linefeed code
when the PC CTRL-J (linefeed) key is pressed.
1=LF and CR. PC-VT transmits both a linefeed and a
carriage return code when the CTRL-J key is
pressed.
4014 GIN Term. (1)
0=None. PC-VT only sends the graphics coordinates
when GIN mode is terminated.
1=CR. PC-VT sends a Carriage Return following the
graphics coordinates when GIN mode is terminated.
Group 10 Shown as Group 0 on the frame.
4014 Autoprint (0)
0=Off.
1=On. If the Page Full feature is set, a Page-Full
condition causes PC-VT to make a hardcopy of the
screen. Completion of the hardcopy clears the
Page-Full condition and erases the screen.
Scroll Buffer (0)
0=Do not attempt to allocate memory for the Scroll
Buffer. The Scroll Lock key functions as the NO
SCROLL key on the VT100. The buffer function is
disabled. Must be set to 0 for TopView if you want
to do windowing.
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SETUP Frames PC-VT v10.0
1=Attempt to allocate memory for the Scroll
Buffer. Chapter 5 describes the operation of this
function. This feature requires that the DMA
feature be selected in Group 7 above. Scroll
Buffer directly accesses video memory. Do not use
this feature if you already have a Scroll Lock key
handler installed.
Screen Blanking (0)
0=Screen blanking is disabled.
1=PC-VT blanks the VT emulator screen after three
minutes of inactivity. Receipt of data from the
host or any key press turns the screen back on.
Pressing the SHIFT key will turn the screen back
on without generating a character. This feature is
never active in 4014 mode. Do not use this feature
if you already have a screen blanking program
installed.
Reserved (X) Reserved for PC-VT.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 7
The PARAMS.DAT File
PC-VT maintains a USER MEMORY file on disk. This file is
used to save user selected features and tab stops. The file is
read each time that you start up PC-VT so your selected
configuration is restored each time.
7.1 Creation
The file is automatically created with default values as
defined in Chapter 6 if the file does not exist on the default
drive.
7.2 Location
A file named PARAMS.DAT is created in the directory
pointed to by the 'PC-VT='string in the environment. If you
haven't specified that string, the file is created on the DOS
default drive. Chapter 3 on starting PC-VT describes how to use
this string.
7.3 Updating
The file is rewritten upon request while in the SETUP A
frame by pressing "s".
7.4 Error Messages
There are several messages generated by PC-VT while
manipulating this file.
"New USER MEMORY File Created":
PC-VT could not find PARAMS.DAT on the default
disk drive so it created a file with the default
feature selections and tab stops. PC-VT continues.
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The PARAMS.DAT File PC-VT v10.0
"Disk Directory Full":
PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the
default disk drive when it tried to create the
PARAMS.DAT file. PC-VT terminates.
"Disk Full While Writing USER MEMORY File":
PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive
while creating the PARAMS.DAT file. PC-VT
terminates.
"Disk Swap Error - See User Manual":
PC-VT found a different diskette in the default
drive from the time that the directory entry was
created and the file PARAMS.DAT was written. Since
the time between these two events is very small,
this error message indicates a severe hardware or
system failure. PC-VT terminates. This error
should never happen if PC-VT is run from a fixed
disk.
"Error While Opening USER MEMORY File":
PC-VT failed to successfully open the PARAMS.DAT
file on the default disk. This usually means that
the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT
terminates.
"USER MEMORY File Access Error":
An error occurred while reading the PARAMS.DAT
file from the default disk. Usually means that the
file has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT
terminates.
"Can't find PARAMS.DAT.F1 to cancel,space to try again.":
This usually means that the default diskette drive
is empty or the door is open. Correct the
situation and hit the space key to continue. Press
F1 to terminate PC-VT.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 8
Transmitting and Receiving Files
PC-VT has complete transmit (upload) and receive
(download) facilities. These facilities are accessed using the
CTRL-F4 and CTRL-F3 keys, which are active whenever you are in
either the VT100 or 4014 communications frames. PC-VT performs
these functions on any ASCII character or binary file. The binary
file transfer uses the XMODEM protocol and must be over a
communications line set at 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit
(PC-VT automatically switches the communications line to 8-N-1
before it starts an XMODEM transfer and restores your set value
when the transfer is complete). XMODEM can be used to transfer
ASCII files for greater error detection capability. Both the
ASCII and XMODEM protocols are compatible with computer bulletin
board software such as RBBS or FIDO.
In the descriptions which follow, the computer referred
to as the host is assumed to be a VAX-11 running VMS. All
references to an IBM PC filename include a drive letter, the
path, the filename and the file extension, for example -
a:\usr\bin\file.ext. If no drive letter or path is given, PC-VT
accesses the current default directory. You can change the
default drive and directory by pressing CTRL-F2. See the last
section in this chapter for details.
The file transfer mode can be set when you enter the
filename to be transferred or it can be set in the SETUP B frame.
In that frame, press "x" until your desired mode is displayed.
Then go to the SETUP A frame and press "s" to store the
information into USER MEMORY on disk.
When you active any of the functions described in this
chapter from the VT emulator, PC-VT opens a window on the screen
in which the described interaction takes place. In 4014 mode, a
window is not opened but the interaction takes place as normal
screen output.
8.1 Transmitting ASCII Files (Uploading)
To transmit or upload an ASCII file to the host, the host
must be set to receive the file and then PC-VT can be told to
transmit it. The host computer can be told to execute a program
which reads the terminal or more simply, you can use the VMS COPY
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Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v10.0
command. Once you have started PC-VT and logged onto the host,
you will see the "$" VMS command line prompt. You use the VMS
COPY command as follows:
COPY TT: <filename>
There must be space between the TT: and the filename.
The host then waits for characters to be transmitted by the
terminal. To request PC-VT to start uploading, press CTRL-F4. PC-
VT prompts for the name of the PC file to upload. Type the
filename followed by "=a" and then press ENTER. Just pressing
ENTER cancels the transmit request. If PC-VT finds the file as
specified, it transmits it to the host. If the file is not found,
you will be prompted again for the filename. The "=a" option on
the end of the filename indicates ASCII file transfer mode.
At the end of the file, if you have selected the VMS
operating system in the SETUP frame, PC-VT asks if you want a
CTRL-Z (ASCII code 26) sent to the host. The CTRL-Z terminates
the VMS COPY command. An upper or lower case "y" must be typed
followed by ENTER to send the CTRL-Z. If you have selected the
UNIX operating system and have done a CAT command, PC-VT asks if
you want a CTRL-D sent to the host.
PC-VT normally strips all Line Feed characters (ASCII
code 10) before it transmits the file. All other characters are
transmitted. If you have set Local Echo in the SETUP frame, PC-VT
sends the linefeed characters. This is the only case when it
does. PC-VT detects the end of the PC file by using the byte
count in the directory entry for the file. PC-VT does not require
that you have a CTRL-Z at the end of the PC file.
A very useful feature of this routine is that it handles
XOFF/XON characters received from the host during uploading. This
prevents the host from losing data if it is busy. The host sends
an XOFF if its buffer is filling. PC-VT automatically stops
transmitting until an XON is received indicating that the host
has emptied its buffer. You should be sure that this feature is
enabled under your logon on the VMS system. To do this, use the
VMS SET command as shown below:
SET TERMINAL /HOSTSYNC
This command should be put in your LOGIN.COM file unless your VMS
system sets this feature as a default.
If you wish to cancel the transmission before it is
complete, simply press CTRL-F4 at any time. PC-VT prompts with
the CTRL-Z/CTRL-D message and then terminate the upload. PC-VT
ignores all other keys pressed during an upload.
If you don't request the transmission of a CTRL-Z/CTRL-D,
you can press CTRL-F4 again and send another file. The new file
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
transmitted will be read by the same COPY command entered
earlier. You can use this function to append many files to one
another as you transmit them.
In addition, in VMS mode, the host can cancel the upload
if it needs to. If the host sends a CTRL-Z (ASCII 26) while PC-VT
is doing an ASCII file upload, PC-VT immediately cancels the
upload. In UNIX mode, the host can also cancel the upload if it
needs to. If the host sends a CTRL-D while PC-VT is doing an
ASCII file upload, PC-VT immediately cancels the upload.
There are several messages generated by PC-VT while
transmitting a file:
"Current default directory is ":
The current default directory is displayed.
"Drive d: xxxxxx bytes free":
The number of free bytes on the default drive is
displayed.
"Default File Transfer Mode is ASCII
Enter Name of the PC File to Transmit
[d:][path][filename[.ext]][={a,z,x,c,k,t,v}]
(Press ENTER to cancel upload and return to emulator):":
PC-VT is asking for the name of the PC file to
transmit. Type the filename in the standard DOS
format and press ENTER. Pressing just ENTER
cancels the transmitting routine. If you do not
specify a drive or path, PC-VT accesses the
default directory. The default directory can be
changed with the CTRL-F2 command. See the last
section in this chapter for details.
The "=a" and "=z" options start up ASCII file
transfer. The "=a" option uses the byte count from
the disk directory to set the length of the
transferred file. The "=z" option ignores the
length and stops transmitting when a CTRL-Z is
encountered in the file.
The "=x" and "=c" options start up the XMODEM
protocol. The "=t" option starts up file transfer
with handshaking. These are both explained below.
The "=k" option starts up the KERMIT file transfer
program.
The "=v" option lets you look at a file on the
screen. See a later section in this chapter to
view a file.
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Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v10.0
PC-VT DEFAULTS to XMODEM protocol if you do not
enter an option and have not selected a file
transfer mode in the SETUP B frame. The current
default is displayed as a reminder.
"Transmitting xxx bytes (yyy blocks)":
PC-VT calculates the size of the file and displays
the number of bytes (and blocks) to be
transmitted. There are 128 bytes in a block which
corresponds to the XMODEM block size.
"Should a CTRL-Z be transmitted? (y or n) :":
If you have selected the VMS operating system in
the SETUP frame and PC-VT detects the end of file,
it does not transmit a CTRL-Z to the host unless
you respond positively to this query. Type an
upper or lower case "y" followed by ENTER and PC-
VT transmits a CTRL-Z. If you type any other
character or just ENTER, CTRL-Z is not
transmitted. With this feature, CTRL-F4 can be
activated again and several PC files can be
concatenated into one host file.
"Should a CTRL-D be transmitted? (y or n) :":
If you have selected the UNIX operating system in
the SETUP frame and PC-VT detects the end of file,
it does not transmit a CTRL-D to the host unless
you respond positively to this query. Type an
upper or lower case "y" followed by ENTER and PC-
VT transmits a CTRL-D. If you type any other
character or just ENTER, CTRL-D is not
transmitted. With this feature, CTRL-F4 can be
activated again and several PC files can be
concatenated into one host file.
"Transmission Complete":
File uploading is complete.
"Transmission Canceled":
CTRL-F4 was pressed during a file transmission.
The uploading is immediately canceled.
"Filename is not in correct format":
The filename entered in response to the filename
inquiry is not a valid DOS filename. You may re-
enter the filename.
"File not found as specified":
PC-VT could not find the file on the specified
disk. Usually caused by either the wrong drive
letter, directory or a mistyped filename. You may
re-enter the filename.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
8.1.1 Uploading with Handshake
If you append an "=t" on the end of the filename when you
type itin, PC-VT uploads the ASCII file as described above except
that the program waits for a turnaround character before it sends
the next line. The turnaround character is set in the SETUP-A
frame. This feature is useful if the host is not buffered. PC-VT
won't send any characters until the host has processed the last
line transmitted and prompts for another line. This turnaround
character is sometimes called a bypass character. For a typical
VAX system you may want to set this to a linefeed (ASCII 10) or a
dollar sign (ASCII 36) which is the default value for PC-VT. In
addition, a CTRL-Z/CTRL-D is not transmitted at the end of the
file. This upload as well as the regular ASCII upload can be
canceled by pressing CTRL-F4.
Pressing the space bar overrides the wait for the
turnaround character. If the turnaround character is missed or
lost, PC-VT waits forever. By pressing the space bar, you tell
PC-VT to send the next line of the file. PC-VT sends the next
line and waits again. Other keys are ignored while the upload is
in progress. (This lets you set the turnaround character to some
totally unused code and use the space bar to transmit one line at
a time to the host.)
Operation is as follows: initiate the upload by pressing
CTRL-F4. Give PC-VT the filename with the "=t" appended. PC-VT
sends the first line of the file up to a carriage return (ASCII
13). PC-VT then waits until the host sends the turnaround
character. PC-VT then sends the next line of the file up to a
carriage return and so on. Following the last line of the file,
the keyboard is enabled again for you to type to the host.
Three dynamic features make this easier to use:
The turnaround character can be changed in the middle of an
uploaded file. To do this, as you are creating the file
enter an ASCII 1 into the file followed by the new
turnaround character. The ASCII 1 (a CTRL-A) signals PC-VT
that the next character read from the file is be to set as
the new turnaround character. Neither the ASCII 1 nor the
new turnaround character is sent to the host. This new
turnaround character is visible in the SETUP A frame. This
does mean that you cannot have an ASCII 1 in any uploaded
text handshake file, but that should not be a problem since
ASCII 1 is rarely used in a text file.
An ASCII 2 (a CTRL-B) in the file signals PC-VT to wait for
1 second before proceeding to the next character. This is a
"pause" feature. You can have as many of these characters
in a row as you like to make up longer pauses. The ASCII 2
is not sent to the host. This also means that you cannot
have an ASCII 2 in any upload text handshake file, but that
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should not be a problem since ASCII 2 is rarely used in a
text file.
An ASCII 20 (a CTRL-T) in the file signals PC-VT that the
next character in the file is a binary value specifying the
number of seconds to wait after the receipt of the
turnaround character before PC-VT sends the next line. For
example, to have PC-VT wait for 5 seconds before responding
to each turnaround character, enter a CTRL-T followed by a
CTRL-E (ASCII 5) into the file. Once this value is set, it
remains set until you terminate PC-VT or you set it to some
other value. Remember, it waits after the receipt of each
turnaround character. Default value is zero seconds.
Scanning for these three special control characters only
takes place if you started the upload with the "=t" option. If
you started a regular upload (the "=a" option) these characters
are uploaded just like all others and the handshake is disabled.
If, while you are setting up your files, you make a mistake and
PC-VT is waiting for a turnaround character which never occurs,
just press CTRL-F4 and PC-VT returns to normal keyboard input
mode.
8.1.2 Example of a Transmission Session
This is typical of what you would see and type to
transmit a file to the host.
$ copy tt: up.fil
Press the CTRL-F4 key
Current default directory is
a:\usr\me\pcvt
Drive a: 3435423 bytes free
Default File Transfer Mode is ASCII
Enter Name of the PC File to Transmit
[d:][path][filename[.ext]][={a,z,x,c,k,t,v}]
(Press ENTER to cancel upload and return to emulator)
b:\mydire\pc.asc=a
Transmitting 3543 bytes (28 blocks)
Now the PC file named b:\mydire\pc.asc is transmitted,
the file is displayed on the screen as it is
echoed back from the host.
Should a CTRL-Z be transmitted? (y or n) : y
A CTRL-Z is sent to the host.
Transmission complete
^Z
The host file named up.fil is closed. The host COPY
command is terminated.
$
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8.1.3 A Useful VAX .COM Upload File
This simplified upload facility uploads a file from a PC
disk file to a VAX system running VMS.
Create a file on the VAX system named "pcup.com"
consisting of the following commands:
$ on error then goto err1
$ on control_y then goto ctrl
$ if p1.eqs."" then inquire p1 "Enter Name of VAX File to " -
$ "Contain Uploaded Data"
$ if p1 .eqs. "" then goto ctrl
$ set term/nobroad
$ write sys$output "<ESC>[?22h"
$ copy tt: 'p1'
$ exit:
$ set term/broad
$ exit
$ err1:
$ write sys$output "A VAX error has occurred. Please try again."
$ ctrl:
$ write sys$output "Upload Canceled."
$ goto exit
The symbol <ESC> is the ESCAPE character 27. You have to
use your host's text editor to replace the <ESC> with the real
ESCAPE character.
Once you have started PC-VT on the PC and you have logged
onto a VAX, upload files from the PC to the VAX by:
1. Type this in response to the "$" VMS prompt:
@pcup <filename>
2. If you did not enter the filename on the command line, the
facility asks you for the name of the VAX file which you
wish to create with the uploaded data (include directory
information if needed)
dra1:[user1.dire.lev2]z.com
3. If you just press ENTER, the upload is canceled.
4. The facility asks you for the name of the PC file which you
wish to upload (include disk drive letter if needed)
zzzzz.com=a
5. If you just press ENTER, the upload is canceled.
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6. The rest is automatic. The data displays on the PC's screen
as it is echoed. The upload is complete when the "$" VMS
prompt appears.
7. To abort the upload before it is complete, press:
CTRL-F4
8. The VAX file contains whatever data was uploaded to the
point where you aborted the upload. You may see some extra
characters displayed on the screen, this is just the
communications buffer emptying.
The ESC [ ? 22 h sequence is a special PC-VT private
sequence described in Appendix J.
8.2 Transmitting Binary Files (Uploading)
PC-VT supports the XMODEM protocol for binary or ASCII
file transfer. Support is included for both checksum error
checking compatible with RBBS and for Cyclic Redundancy Code
(CRC) error checking. This transfer mode requires that the host
computer be capable of handling this protocol.
To run XMODEM, start up the host XMODEM program and then
follow the instructions for transmitting ASCII files but include
"=x" after the filename("=c" is equivalent for transmit). The
XMODEM module is automatically started and the transfer proceeds
without further intervention. The transfer is started in checksum
mode; the receiver has the option of switching to CRC mode. PC-VT
clicks the speaker with each block transmitted.
PC-VT automatically changes the communications to 8 data
bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if you are not already set at
that protocol. PC-VT then restores the protocol to your set value
when the XMODEM transfer is complete.
To cancel the transfer while it is progress, press CTRL-
X. This may require a few seconds to take effect because PC-VT
must gracefully terminate the protocol.
Refer to already published texts for details on the
XMODEM protocol.
8.3 Receiving ASCII Files (Downloading)
To receive an ASCII file, PC-VT must be told to start
receiving and then the host must be told to transmit. To activate
Receive File, press CTRL-F3. This can be done at any time in the
communications frame. PC-VT asks for the filename on which to
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write the received characters. Type in the filename followed by
either "=a" or "=A" followed by ENTER. Just pressing ENTER
terminates the receive request. If the file already exists, PC-VT
asks if you wish to overwrite it. If you type "y" followed by
ENTER, PC-VT deletes the old file and starts to create another.
You can now tell the host to type out a file and PC-VT
writes it onto the IBM PC disk. At the VMS dollar sign prompt,
enter this command:
TYPE <filename>
The option following the filename tells PC-VT that you
want to do an ASCII download. If you use the "=A" option, ALL
further characters received from the host except 00H and 7FH are
written onto the disk file.
If You use the "=a" option, PC-VT waits until it receives
a Line Feed character, then ALL further characters received from
the host except 00H and 7FH are written onto the disk file. PC-VT
doesn't write out data to disk until a linefeed is received in
order to let you to enter the VMS TYPE command. This prevents
the TYPE command from being written to the file.
To terminate Receive File, press CTRL-F3 again. PC-VT
closes the disk file and resumes normal operation.
This mode is also called File Capture Mode. Since PC-VT
cannot tell the difference between a file and any other
characters sent by the host, all characters (except - 00H and
7FH) received go onto the disk file. This includes ESCAPE
sequences and all VMS command language interaction. This can be a
useful feature if you are programming with some of these
sequences and your program is not working correctly. PC-VT
preserves these characters on disk for your inspection. Once the
file is closed, you must exit PC-VT and enter a text editor to
strip off any unwanted characters from the file.
PC-VT puts an End of File indicator at the end of the
disk file before it closes the file. For the IBM PC this is a
CTRL-Z character (ASCII code 26). As a reminder, "RCV" is
displayed on the Status Line while Receive File is active. The
receipt of a CTRL-Z in VMS mode or a CTRL-D in UNIX mode
terminates Receive File and closes the received file. If you
terminate PC-VT, the received file is closed as if a CTRL-Z
character was received.
Receive File terminates if it runs out of disk space for
the downloaded file. The last block (up to 512 characters)
received is lost and no CTRL-Z (End of File) indicator is
written. The file, however, is closed.
There are several messages generated by PC-VT while
receiving a file:
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Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v10.0
"Current default directory is ":
The current default directory is displayed.
"Drive d: xxxxxx bytes free":
The number of free bytes on the default drive is
displayed.
"Default File Transfer Mode is ASCII
Enter Name of the PC File to Receive
[d:][path][filename[.ext]][={a,A,x,c,k}]
(Press ENTER to cancel download and return to emulator):":
PC-VT is asking for the name of the PC file to
receive. Type the filename in the standard DOS
format and press ENTER. Pressing just ENTER
cancels the receiving routine. If you do not
specify a drive or path, PC-VT accesses the
default directory. The default directory can be
changed with the CTRL-F2 command. See the last
section in this chapter for details.
The "=a" and "=A" options start up ASCII file
transfer. The "=a" option waits for a line feed
character, the other option does not.
The "=x" and "=c" options start up the XMODEM
protocol.
The "=k" option starts up the KERMIT file transfer
program.
If you do not specify a option, PC-VT assumes
XMODEM protocol. The currently set default is
displayed as a reminder. It can be changed in the
SETUP B frame.
"Filename is not in correct format":
The filename entered in response to the filename
inquiry is not in the standard DOS format. You may
re-enter the filename.
"Insert diskette with received file. Press ENTER to
continue....":
PC-VT found a different diskette in the disk drive
than the one it opened the download file on.
Replace the original diskette in the drive and
press the ENTER key. Pressing any other key and
then pressing ENTER terminates the file transfer.
The data on the diskette may not be correct or
complete.
"File already exists. Do you want to overwrite it? (y or n)":
The filename which you entered already exists. If
you respond with a lower or upper case "Y"
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
followed by the ENTER key, PC-VT deletes the file
and creates a new one with the same name. Any
other response preserves the file and receive file
is canceled.
"File is being overwritten":
PC-VT confirms that the old file has been deleted
and a new file is being created.
"Invalid path/filename or directory full. Receive terminated":
PC-VT could not create the file because the
directory on the specified diskette was full, the
file was marked read-only, or the path/filename
specified is invalid.
"Disk full. Receive terminated":
PC-VT ran out of space on the disk. The file
already written is closed. A CTRL-Z is not placed
at the end of the file. The last block (up to 512
characters) received is lost.
8.3.1 Example of a Receive Session
This is typical of what you would see and type to receive
a file from the host. Comments are underlined.
$
Press the CTRL-F3 key
Current default directory is
a:
Drive a: 32234 bytes free
Default File Transfer Mode is ASCII
Enter Name of the PC File to Receive
[d:][path][filename[.ext]][={a,A,x,c,k}]
(Press ENTER to cancel download and return to emulator)
b:receive.txt=a
RCV is displayed on the Status Line and any characters
sent by the host are copied to the PC disk file.
type host.dat
The host file named host.dat is received by PC-VT
and placed on the PC disk file named b:receive.txt.
$
Press the CTRL-F3 key
The file is closed and RCV is cleared from the Status
Line.
8.3.2 A Useful VAX .COM Download File
This simplified Download facility downloads a file from a
VAX system running VMS to a PC disk file. Create a file on the
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VAX system named "pcdown.com" consisting of the following
commands:
$ on error then goto err2
$ on control_y then goto ctrl
$ if p1.eqs."" then inquire p1 "Enter Name of VAX File to
Download"
$ if p1 .eqs. "" then goto ctrl
$ open for008 'p1'/error=err1
$ close for008
$ set term/nobroad
$ write sys$output "<ESC>[?21h"
$ copy 'p1' tt:
$ write sys$output "^Z"
$ exit:
$ set term/broad
$ exit
$ err1:
$ write sys$output "VAX File Not Found."
$ ctrl:
$ write sys$output "Download Canceled."
$ goto exit
$ err2:
$ write sys$output "A VAX error has occurred, Please try again."
$ goto ctrl
The symbol <ESC> is the ESCAPE character 27. The symbol
^Z is the CTRL-Z character 26. You have to use your host's text
editor to replace the <ESC> with the real ESCAPE character and
the ^Z with a real CTRL-Z character.
Once you have started PC-VT on the PC and you have logged
onto a VAX, download files from the VAX to the PC by:
1. Type this in response to the "$" VMS prompt:
@pcdown <filename>
2. If you did not enter the filename on the command line, the
facility asks you for the name of the VAX file which you
wish to download (include directory information if needed)
[upload]xmit.com
3. If you just press ENTER, the download is canceled.
4. The facility asks you for the name of the PC file which you
wish to create with the downloaded data (include disk drive
letter if needed)
a:pcfile.dat=a
5. If you just press ENTER, the download is canceled. If the
name you give for the PC file already exists, PC-VT asks if
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
you want to overwrite the file. If you answer "y", all the
new data replaces the old data on the PC file. If you
answer "n" or just press ENTER, the download is canceled.
6. The rest is automatic. The data displays on the PC's screen
while it is being downloaded. The download is complete when
the "$" VMS prompt appears.
7. To abort the download before it is complete, press:
CTRL-F3
8. The PC file contains whatever data was downloaded to the
point where you aborted the download. You may see some
extra output on the screen; this is just the communications
buffer emptying.
The ESC [ ? 21 h sequence is a special PC-VT private
sequence described in Appendix J.
8.4 Receiving Binary Files (Downloading)
PC-VT supports the XMODEM protocol for binary or ASCII
file transfer. Support is included for both checksum error
checking compatible with bulletin boards such as RBBS and FIDO
and for Cyclic Redundancy Code(CRC) error checking. This transfer
mode requires that the host computer be capable of handling this
protocol.
To run XMODEM, start up the host XMODEM program and then
follow the instructions for receiving ASCII files but include
"=x" after the filename for checksum mode or "=c" for CRC mode.
The XMODEM module is automatically started and the transfer
proceeds without further intervention. Since PC-VT is the
receiver, you have the option of selecting the error checking
mode. Checksum mode detects all burst errors of less than 8 bits
in length and 99.6% of all burst errors longer than 8 bits. CRC
mode detects all single and double bit errors, all errors with an
odd number of bits, all burst errors of length 16 or less and
99.997% of all 17 bit and longer bursts. The CRC supported is the
CCITT recommended x^16 + x^12 + x^5 + 1.
PC-VT automatically changes the communications to 8 data
bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if you are not already set at
that protocol. PC-VT restores the protocol to your set value when
the XMODEM transfer is complete. PC-VT clicks the speaker with
each block received.
To cancel the transfer while it is progress, press CTRL-
X. This may require a few seconds to take effect because PC-VT
must gracefully terminate the protocol. PC-VT does not delete the
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Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v10.0
partial file already created on disk but closes it and leaves it
for you to examine and delete.
Refer to already published texts for details on the
XMODEM protocol.
8.5 Viewing Files
PC-VT lets you view files on the display when you press
the CTRL-F4 (Transmit a file) key. Use the option "=v" at the end
of the filename. PC-VT displays the file on the screen.
The viewing is in the context of the emulator which is
running. That is, if the VT100 emulator is active, any Escape
sequences read from the file are acted upon. The same is true if
the VT52 or 4014 emulator is running.
For example, you can use Receive file with "=A" option to
capture a session with your host computer. The Receive file with
"=A" option saves all received characters in the disk, including
all escape sequences. With the "=v" option, you can review the
session later and see the same cursor movement and full screen
editing features as when you were on line to the host computer.
As described in Chapter 5, you can use this feature to
redefine any of PC-VT's extended function and editing keys.
An even more useful feature is to use the "=A" option on
Receive file to capture a 4014 plot for later playback. Just use
Transmit file with the "=v" option while in the 4014 emulator and
you will see the plot again.
8.6 KERMIT File Transfer
PC-VT supports the official release of KERMIT. To access
this feature press ALT-K from the communications frame. A
supplement to this document is a reprint of a KERMIT manual from
Columbia University. That manual is a complete description of how
to use KERMIT and is supplied at no charge. Of course, your host
computer must have its version of KERMIT running.
CTRL-F3 and CTRL-F4 let you go directly to KERMIT for
receiving or transmitting one file at a time. When you enter the
filename prompted for, put an "=k" after the filename. PC-VT
constructs the necessary commands for KERMIT and then starts up
the program. When KERMIT is finished transferring the file, the
PC-VT communications frame is automatically restarted.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
8.7 Changing the Default Directory
PC-VT supports path names for ASCII and XMODEM file
transfers. PC-VT accesses the default drive and path unless you
explicitly enter them. You can change the default values by
pressing CTRL-F2 from the communications frame. PC-VT displays
the current default, ask for the new default, and then display
the complete new default path. The input to this command follows
the syntax for the CHDIR command to DOS. The amount of free space
on the default drive is also displayed.
Here is what you would see and type:
Current default directory is
c:\level1
Drive c: 34543 bytes free
Enter new default directory
[[d:][\][dirname][\dirname[...]]]
level2
Default directory is now
c:\level1\level2
Drive c: 34543 bytes free
When you type in the new directory, you can enter the
change just as you would enter a change to the CHDIR command:
- a drive letter followed by a ":" changes the drive only
(since DOS remembers the path associated with each disk
drive, the default directory is set to whatever path had
been active on the specified drive), e.g. c:
- a path name starting at the root, e.g. c:\mydir\nextdir
- the root, e.g. f:\
- a directory name starting at the current directory, e.g.
nextdir
Error Message
"Invalid directory entered - not changed":
You entered an invalid disk or directory. PC-VT
did not change the default setting.
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Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 9
DIALING Frame
The DIALING frame is accessed by pressing CTRL-F9 from
the VT100 communications frame. The content of the communications
frame is preserved and restored when you exit the DIALING frame.
9.1 Dialing Instructions
The DIALING frame handles Hayes or Hayes compatible
modems. The frame can hold 10 host names and phone numbers. Each
entry is broken into two fields. A name can be typed in columns 1
to 20. This is for your information only. PC-VT does not use this
information but it is stored on the disk file. The dialing
commands and phone number can be stored in columns 21 to 70. The
"!" above column 21 is to remind you that, when dialing, PC-VT
sends the data in columns 21 thru 70 to the modem as the dialing
command.
Each time that you save the DIALING frame using the F4
key (see below), PC-VT saves the complete SETUP information for
the host pointed to by the cursor. Then when you later dial that
host using the F1 key, PC-VT restores the SETUP information. This
permits you to save unique SETUP information for each of the 10
hosts. Be certain though, that when you press F4, that the cursor
is on the line of the host in which you are interested.
When PC-VT starts up, it looks for a dialing directory on
the default drive or the drive and directory pointed to by the
environment string 'PC-VT='. If it does not find one, PC-VT
creates a blank directory. The name field is filled with dashes.
The command field contains "ATDT" in the first four columns and
is then filled with spaces. The SETUP information associated with
each host is set to the default values.
The first thing that you need to do is enter the name of
the number's owner. You can use the cursor keys, the Enter key,
the Tab key, the Home key and the End key to position the cursor
to any line. The "Ins" key inserts a space at the cursor position
and the "Del" key deletes a character at the cursor position.
Move the cursor to column 1 and type in the name. It should not
go past column 20. Then to enter the phone number, move the
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DIALING Frame PC-VT v10.0
cursor to column 24 using the TAB key and type in the number. The
new directory can be saved by pressing the F4 key. The number can
be dialed by pressing the F1 key.
Pressing any key while the dialer is running causes PC-VT
to stop dialing and return to the communications frame.
Here is how each cursor control key functions in this
frame:
Left arrow : moves the cursor one column to the left. If the
cursor is already in column 1, PC-VT beeps and no
action is taken. Use this key for a backspace then
enter a space to clear any character that may have
been mistyped.
Right arrow : moves the cursor one column to the right. If the
cursor is already in column 70, PC-VT beeps and no
action is taken.
Up arrow : moves the cursor up one row. If the cursor is
already in the top row of the directory, PC-VT
beeps and no action is taken.
Down arrow : moves the cursor down one row. If the cursor is
already in the bottom row of the directory, PC-VT
beeps and no action is taken.
Home : moves the cursor to column 1 of the top row of the
directory.
End : moves the cursor to column 1 of the bottom row of
the directory.
Enter : moves the cursor to column 1 of the next row of
the directory. If the cursor is already in the
bottom row of the directory, the cursor is moved
to column 1 of that row and PC-VT beeps.
Tab : moves the cursor to column 24 of the current row.
Ins : inserts a space at the cursor position. This key
operates within either the name field (columns 1
thru 20) or the number field (columns 21 thru 70).
All characters from the cursor to right of the
field are moved one column to the right. Anything
in the rightmost column of the field is lost. If
you press Ins within the name field, the number
field is not affected.
Del : deletes a character at the cursor position. This
key operates within either the name field (columns
1 thru 20) or the number field (columns 21 thru
70). All characters from the right of the cursor
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
to the rightmost column of the field are moved one
column to the left. A space is inserted into the
rightmost column of the field. If you press Del
within the name field, the number field is not
affected.
In addition, as a simple macro style logon facility, PC-
VT does a little more work. If you enter the tilde key (the ~),
PC-VT translates that into a carriage return (ASCII 13) when sent
to the modem. This permits you to send multiple lines to the
modem. PC-VT translates the underscore, '_', into the Escape
character (ASCII 27).
PC-VT interprets several control characters in the dialer
command line as special commands:
CTRL-W : causes the dialer to wait 5 seconds before
continuing with the command. CTRL-W appears in the
directory as an underlined up-down arrow.
CTRL-B : causes the dialer to wait 1 second before
continuing with the command. CTRL-B appears in the
directory as a Happy Face.
CTRL-X : stops the dialing at that point in the command.
PC-VT then, as usual, sends its final carriage
return to the modem. CTRL-X appears in the
directory as an up-arrow.
CTRL-D : causes the dialer to wait for the Carrier Detect
signal from the modem before continuing to send
the dialer command. While PC-VT is waiting, you
can press any key and PC-VT goes on to the next
character in the command. CTRL-D appears in the
directory as a diamond. Some modems require you to
set a special switch in the modem itself for
Carrier Detect to operate correctly. Check your
modem manual.
CTRL-F : causes the dialer to wait for the Data Set Ready
signal from the modem before continuing to send
the dialer command. While PC-VT is waiting, you
can press any key and PC-VT goes on to the next
character in the command. CTRL-F appears in the
directory as a spade.
CTRL-Q : quotes the next character. That is, the next
character in the command is sent to the host no
matter what it is. This is used if you need to
send one of the control characters described in
this section which PC-VT normally uses as a
special command.
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DIALING Frame PC-VT v10.0
CTRL-V : causes the dialer to send a BREAK signal. A BREAK
is a mark condition on the communications line for
approximately 300 milliseconds. CTRL-V appears in
the directory as a small square block.
CTRL-T : causes the dialer to wait for the character after
the CTRL-T in the command before it continues with
the command. Neither the CTRL-T nor the turnaround
character following is sent to the modem. While
PC-VT is waiting, you can press any key and PC-VT
goes on to the next character in the command.
CTRL-T appears in the directory as a PI symbol.
Only your imagination limits you as to how you can use these
dialer commands. You can have PC-VT dial your host, wait 10
seconds, enter your userid, wait 10 seconds, and then enter your
password.
Special notes on the directory: You have complete control
over the entire directory from columns 1 to 70. You can type over
the "ATDT" command and you can type any special modem commands
like "," or ";". You can enter any key (including the Backspace
key) except the control keys listed above into the command. You
can change the "ATDT" to any other modem command. For example,
you can change the last line to "ATM2;" and when you move the
cursor to that line and press F1, the modem is commanded to turn
on the speaker at all times. Just remember that PC-VT sends any
character in columns 21 to 70 to the modem when you press the F1
key. PC-VT always sends a carriage return right after it sends
the last character in the number field. For users of the PCjr,
you can enter the CTRL-N command required by its internal modem.
In the examples below, the CTRL-F is shown as a ? and the
CTRL-X is shown as a ^.
Here are some possible entries:
!
Mark C DiVecchio ATDT,,555-1212
The computer ATDT 1 - 506 - 555 - 1234,,,,,222* 432#
Speaker on ATM2;
Full Logon ATDT,555-1212~?~userid~password~^
In that last example, the modem is summoned, it is to
wait 2 seconds for the dial tone (a Hayes modem command), it
dials the number, waits for Data Set Ready to indicate the
connection is made, sends a single carriage return which wakes up
the host, enters the userid and then enters the password. Note
the final CTRL-X. This is needed to tell PC-VT not to send the
spaces between the password and column 70 to the host since they
may be seen as part of the password.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
One other thing is done by this facility in order to get
around the buffer size within the modem. Spaces and dashes in the
phone number are not sent to the modem. With several modems, the
buffers could overflow if all 50 characters in the phone number
field were sent. PC-VT resumes sending spaces after it encounters
the first tilde. This means that spaces can be included as part
of the logon sequence.
Here are the functions available in the DIALING frame:
Exit DIALING :
The Esc key returns PC-VT to the communications
frame.
Dial : The "F1" key dials the number in the line pointed
to by the cursor. Before the dialing takes place,
PC-VT restores the SETUP information to the state
it was when you initially saved this host phone
number. This permits you to save a specific set of
SETUP features with each host phone number. PC-VT
then returns to the communications frame.
Toggle DTR : The "F2" key toggles the DTR signal out of the
serial port to the opposite state. A message
appears at the bottom of the screen indicating the
new state.
Read Directory:
The "F3" key clears the displayed dialing
directory and reloads it from the disk file,
DIALER.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT remains in
the DIALING frame. The SETUP information which was
saved with the selected host is restored.
Store Directory:
The "F4" key stores the displayed dialing
directory into a disk file on the DOS default
drive or the drive pointed to by the "PC-VT="
string in the environment. The name of the file is
DIALER.DAT. In addition to the directory, PC-VT
saves the SETUP information for each entry in a
special spot in the dialing directory. This means
that when you later dial this number, PC-VT
reloads all of the SETUP options like baud rate
and feature selections associated with this host.
Be certain though, that you select the host with
the cursor. This selected host is the one which is
associated with the current SETUP information. A
message appears at the bottom of the frame to
indicate that the new directory is written to
disk.
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DIALING Frame PC-VT v10.0
Hang up: The "F5" key sends the command to the modem to
hang up the phone. This procedure takes about 2-3
seconds due to the modem protocol. A message
appears at the bottom of the display to indicate
that the phone line is hung up. PC-VT uses the
Hayes commands "+++" and "ATH0" to do this
function. This function can also be performed by
pressing ALT-Z in the communications frame.
The current host is shown on the SETUP B frame. This is
to remind you when you are updating the SETUP information which
host's information you are modifying.
9.2 Saving SETUP Information
As mentioned above, PC-VT saves a complete picture of the
SETUP information with each of the 10 hosts in the dialing
directory.
Each time that the F4 key is pressed in the DIALING
frame, PC-VT saves not only the 10 entry dialing directory but
also saves the current SETUP information and associates it with
the host pointed to by the cursor.
To update the SETUP information for a particular host
follow these steps:
1. From the communication frame press CTRL-F9 to enter the
DIALING frame.
2. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the cursor to the
line of the host (the cursor can be anywhere on the line).
3. Press the F3 key which loads any SETUP information
previously associated with that host into PC-VT.
4. Press the Esc key to return to the communications frame.
5. Press the CTRL-F1 key to enter the SETUP frame.
6. Proceed to modify the SETUP information as appropriate to
the host.
7. Press the Esc key to return to the communications frame.
8. At this point, you may call the host and be sure that the
SETUP information set is correct.
9. Press the CTRL-F9 key to enter the DIALING frame.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
10. Make sure that the cursor is pointing to the line of the
host.
11. Press the F4 key to save the SETUP information and
associate it with this host.
Now each time that you dial this host using the F1 key,
PC-VT reloads the SETUP information before it starts to dial.
9.3 Dialing From the DOS Command Line
You can tell PC-VT to dial the number in the DIALING
frame as soon at it starts running. Do this from the DOS prompt
by starting PC-VT with:
pc-vt/dnn
where n is a number from 1 to 10. The number picks the
corresponding entry in the dialing directory and dials the number
during the PC-VT start up sequence. This lets you start the
program and immediately dial a number. The dialing entry can be a
complete logon macro as described above.
9.4 The DIALER.DAT File
PC-VT maintains a dialing directory file on disk. This
file is used to record user defined phone numbers or other modem
commands.
The file consists of 10 hosts. With each host there is
stored the host name, the phone numbers, and complete setup
information.
The host names and phone numbers are read each time that
you start up PC-VT so your dialing directory is restored each
time. The setup information is read only if you specifically dial
the host using the F1 key from the DIALING frame.
9.4.1 Creation
The file is automatically created as an empty directory
if the file does not exist on the default drive when PC-VT
starts.
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DIALING Frame PC-VT v10.0
9.4.2 Location
The file name is DIALER.DAT. The file is created in the
directory pointed to by the 'PC-VT='string in the environment.
If there is no such string in the environment the file is created
on the DOS default drive. Chapter 3 on starting PC-VT describes
how to use this string.
9.4.3 Updating
The file is rewritten by pressing F4 while in the DIALING
frame.
9.5 Error Messages
There are several messages generated by PC-VT while
manipulating this file.
"New Dialing Directory Created":
PC-VT could not find DIALER.DAT on the default
disk drive so it created a blank file. PC-VT
continues.
"Disk Directory Full":
PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the
default disk drive when it tried to create the
DIALER.DAT file. PC-VT terminates.
"Disk Full While Writing Dialing Dir":
PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive
while creating the DIALER.DAT file. PC-VT
terminates.
"Disk Swap Error - See User Manual":
PC-VT found a different diskette in the default
drive from the time that the disk directory entry
was created and the file DIALER.DAT was written.
Since the time between these two events is very
small, this error message indicates a severe
hardware or system failure. PC-VT terminates. This
error should never happen if PC-VT is run from a
fixed disk.
"Error While Opening Dialing Directory":
PC-VT failed to successfully open the DIALER.DAT
file on the default disk. This usually means that
the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT
terminates.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
"Dialing Directory Access Error":
An error occurred while reading the DIALER.DAT
file from the default disk. Usually means that the
file has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT
terminates.
"Can't find DIALER.DAT. F1 to cancel, space to try again.":
This usually means that the default diskette drive
is empty or the door is open. Correct the
situation and hit the space bar to continue. Press
F1 to terminate PC-VT.
"DIALER.DAT could not be written":
This usually means that the disk is write
protected or you specified an illegal drive letter
in the "PC-VT=" environment string.
"Data Terminal Ready (DTR) now a 0/1":
You have pressed F2 and PC-VT has changed the
state of the DTR line to the modem.
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DIALING Frame PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 10
MACRO Frame
The MACRO frame is used to update the currently defined macro
keys and is accessed by pressing CTRL-F10 from the VT100
communications frame. The contents of the communications frame
are preserved and restored when you exit MACRO. A macro can be
sent by pressing ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10 directly from the
communications frame. Only these 10 keys are supported by the
macro processor.
Here are the functions available in the MACRO frame:
Function Key(s)
Exit MACRO : "Esc" returns PC-VT to the communications frame.
Dial : "F1" sends the macro in the line pointed to by the
cursor. PC-VT then returns to the communications
frame. To send the macro directly from the
communications frame, press ALT-Fx right from the
communications frame. There is no need to press
CTRL-F10 first.
Read Directory:
"F3" clears the displayed macro directory and
reloads it from the disk file, MACRO.DAT, on the
default drive. PC-VT remains in the MACRO frame.
Store Directory:
"F4" stores the displayed macro directory into a
disk file on the DOS default drive or the drive
and directory specified in the 'PC-VT=' string in
the environment. The name of the file is
MACRO.DAT. A message appears at the bottom of the
frame to indicate that the new directory is
written to disk.
10.1 Instructions for MACRO
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MACRO Frame PC-VT v10.0
The MACRO frame is used to create, update and save macro
key definitions. The frame can hold 10 macro keys. The 10
definable keys, ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10, are listed on the left of
the screen. The macro commands are stored in columns 21 to 70.
The "!" above column 21 is to remind you that, when expanding a
macro, PC-VT sends the data in columns 21 thru 70 to the modem as
the macro command.
When PC-VT starts up, it looks for a Macro Directory on
the default drive or the drive and directory pointed to by the
environment string 'PC-VT='. If it does not find one, PC-VT
creates a blank directory.
10.1.1 Defining Macro Keys
You use the cursor keys, the Enter key, the Home key and
the End key to position the cursor to any line. The "Ins" key
inserts a space at the cursor position and the "Del" key deletes
a character at the cursor position.
Here is how each of cursor control keys functions in the
macro frame:
Left arrow : moves the cursor one column to the left. If the
cursor is already in column 21, the speaker beeps
and no action is taken. Use this key as a
backspace then press the space bar to clear the
character.
Right arrow : moves the cursor one column to the right. If the
cursor is already in column 70, the speaker beeps
and no action is taken.
Up arrow : moves the cursor up one row. If the cursor is
already in the top row of the directory, the
speaker beeps and no action is taken.
Down arrow : moves the cursor down one row. If the cursor is
already in the bottom row of the directory, the
speaker beeps and no action is taken.
Home : moves the cursor to column 21 of the top row of
the directory.
End : moves the cursor to column 21 of the bottom row of
the directory.
Enter : moves the cursor to column 21 of the next row of
the directory. If the cursor is already in the
bottom row of the directory, the cursor is moved
to column 21 of that row and the speaker beeps. If
you want to use the 'Enter' as part of the macro
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
definition, use the tilde key '~'. PC-VT replaces
the tilde with a carriage return when the macro is
expanded.
Ins : inserts a space at the cursor position. All
characters from the cursor to right of the field
are moved one column to the right. Anything in the
rightmost column of the field is lost.
Del : deletes a character at the cursor position. All
characters from the right of the cursor to the
rightmost column of the field are moved one column
to the left. A space is inserted into the
rightmost column of the field.
Move the cursor to the first column of the key which you
want to define. Then enter the definition. Save the new directory
by pressing F4.
10.1.2 Sending Macros
The macro can be sent by pressing the F1 key. Once you are back
in the communications frame, you can send the macro just by
pressing the ALT-Fx key. There is no need to press CTRL-F10
first.
Pressing any key while the macro is being transmitted
causes PC-VT to stop the expansion and return to the
communications frame.
Special notes on the macro directory: You have complete
control over the entire directory from columns 21 to 70. Just
remember that PC-VT sends any character in columns 21 to 70 to
the Host when you invoke the macro. PC-VT does not send a
carriage return after it sends the last character in the line. If
you want a carriage return, enter the tilde character. If you
don't put in a tilde, PC-VT sends whatever characters you have
defined and then just goes back into keyboard input mode. You can
type in additional characters or manually press the enter key.
In addition, PC-VT does a little more work. As mentioned
above, if you enter the tilde key (the ~), PC-VT translates that
into a carriage return (ASCII 13) when sent to the Host. This
permits you to send multiple lines. PC-VT translates the
underscore, '_', into the Escape character (ASCII 27).
PC-VT interprets several control characters in the macro
command line as special commands:
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MACRO Frame PC-VT v10.0
CTRL-W : causes the macro to wait 5 seconds before
continuing with the command. CTRL-W appears in the
directory as an underlined up-down arrow.
CTRL-B : causes the macro to wait 1 second before
continuing with the command. CTRL-B appears in the
directory as a Happy Face.
CTRL-X : stops the macro at that point in the command.
CTRL-X appears in the directory as an up-arrow.
PC-VT returns to keyboard input mode.
CTRL-D : causes the macro to wait for the Carrier Detect
signal from the modem before continuing to send.
While PC-VT is waiting, you can press any key and
PC-VT goes on to the next character in the macro.
CTRL-D appears in the directory as a diamond. Some
modems require you to set a special switch in the
modem itself for Carrier Detect to operate
correctly. Check your modem manual.
CTRL-F : causes the macro to wait for the Data Set Ready
signal from the modem before continuing to send.
While PC-VT is waiting, you can press any key and
PC-VT goes on to the next character in the macro.
CTRL-F appears in the directory as a spade.
CTRL-Q : quotes the next character. That is, the next
character in the macro is be sent to the host no
matter what it is. This is used if you need to
send one of the control characters described in
this section which PC-VT normally uses as a
special command.
CTRL-T : causes the macro to wait for the character after
the CTRL-T in the command before it continues with
the command. Neither the CTRL-T nor the turnaround
character following is sent to the host. While PC-
VT is waiting, you can press any key and PC-VT
goes on to the next character in the macro. CTRL-T
appears in the directory as a PI symbol.
Only your imagination limits you as to how you can use this. You
can have PC-VT enter a command, wait 10 seconds, enter an option,
wait 6 seconds, end a job and log you off the host. All other
control characters can be entered into the macro definition
including backspace and CTRL-C. They are sent to the host when
the macro is expanded.
In the examples below, the CTRL-W is shown as a ? and the
CTRL-X is shown as a ^.
Here are some possible entries:
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
!
ALT-F1 run myjob~^
ALT-F2 mail~?1~???~~~~ex~^
ALT-F3 ATDT5551212~^
ALT-F4 _[A^
It is always wise to put a CTRL-X a the end of every
macro so that PC-VT knows exactly where to stop sending. PC-VT
sends the spaces out to column 70 if you leave off the CTRL-X. In
most cases this probably won't matter but when trailing spaces
are significant(like in a password), you need the CTRL-X.
You can also use the macro key definition to dial through
a smart modem. Simply put the dialing command in as a macro. Then
press the appropriate ALT-Fx key from the communications frame.
10.2 Downloading Macro Keys
The 10 macro keys used by PC-VT can be set from the host
when the emulator is in VT mode. Up to 50 characters can be
specified in the same format as described above. Use the tilde ~
character for the Enter key. You cannot include the Escape
character in the string. If you want an Escape character, use the
underline character, '_', in the string which you send. PC-VT
converts the underline to an Escape character. You cannot
download any of the special CTRL characters which are acceptable
to the macro processor when entered from the keyboard.
The Escape sequence is:
ESC [ 0 ; Pk ; "string" p
Sets macro key Pk to the string given. The double
quotes and all other characters shown are
required. The number Pk must be sent as ASCII
characters just like all other sequences.
Example to set the ALT-F1 key:
ESC [ 0 ; 1 ; "run able~dir~set def [dir1.dir2]~logout~" p
ESC [ 0 ; Pk ; 0 ; Pk p
Clears the macro key Pk to a null string.
Example to clear any definition associated with
the ALT-F4 key:
ESC [ 0 ; 4 ; 0 ; 4 p
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MACRO Frame PC-VT v10.0
where Pk is:
1 ALT-F1
2 ALT-F2
3 ALT-F3
4 ALT-F4
5 ALT-F5
6 ALT-F6
7 ALT-F7
8 ALT-F8
9 ALT-F9
10 ALT-F10
10.3 The MACRO.DAT File
PC-VT maintains a macro directory file on disk. This file
is used to record user defined macro key definitions. The file is
read each time that you start up PC-VT so your macro directory is
restored each time.
10.3.1 Creation
The MACRO.DAT file is automatically created as an empty
directory if the file does not exist on the default drive when
PC-VT starts.
10.3.2 Location
The file name is MACRO.DAT. The file is created in the
directory pointed to by the "PC-VT="string in the environment.
If there is no such string in the environment the file is created
on the DOS default drive. Chapter 3 on starting PC-VT describes
how to use this string.
10.3.3 Updating
The MACRO.DAT file is rewritten upon request while in the
MACRO frame by pressing F4.
10.4 Error Messages
Several error messages can be generated by PC-VT while
manipulating this file.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
"New Macro Key File Created":
PC-VT could not find MACRO.DAT on the default disk
drive so it created an empty directory. PC-VT
continues.
"Disk Directory Full":
PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the
default disk drive when it tried to create the
MACRO.DAT file. PC-VT terminates.
"Disk Full While Writing Macro Key File":
PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive
while creating the MACRO.DAT file. PC-VT
terminates.
"Disk Swap Error - See User Manual":
PC-VT found a different diskette in the default
drive from the time that the disk directory entry
was created and the file MACRO.DAT was written.
Since the time between these two events is very
small, this error message indicates a severe
hardware or system failure. PC-VT terminates. This
error should never happen if PC-VT is run from a
fixed disk.
"Error While Opening Macro Key File":
PC-VT failed to successfully open the MACRO.DAT
file on the default disk. This usually means that
the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT
terminates.
"Macro Key File Access Error":
An error occurred while reading the MACRO.DAT file
from the default disk. Usually means that the file
has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT
terminates.
"Can't find MACRO.DAT. F1 to cancel, space to try again.":
This usually means that the default diskette drive
is empty or the door is open. Correct the
situation and hit the space key to continue. Press
F1 to terminate PC-VT.
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MACRO Frame PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 11
4014 Emulation
The 4014 emulator requires either the IBM Color Graphics
Adapter, the Everex Edge Monochrome/Color Graphics Card or the
Hercules Graphics Card. You start the emulator by pressing ALT-T
from the VT100 Emulator or by starting PC-VT with the /t command
line option. You must have specified /e when you started PC-VT if
you have the Everex Edge card installed and you must have
specified /h if you have the Hercules Graphics Card installed.
If you don't have a graphics card in your PC, you will
see an error message at the bottom of the screen and PC-VT stays
in VT emulation mode.
When the 4014 emulator starts up, you will see a short
help message in the upper right of the screen and the rest of the
screen will be blank. What you won't see is a cursor. Neither
IBM's Color Graphics Adapter card, Everex's Edge card, or the
Hercules card supplies a cursor when those boards are operated in
graphics mode. This shouldn't be a problem in most cases as the
last prompt indicates the cursor position.
The F2 key emulates the PAGE key on the 4014. Pressing
that key clears the screen and places the invisible cursor at the
upper left of the screen. If you have selected the Page Full
feature in the SETUP B frame, the speaker beeps when the screen
fills with text. This beep is lower pitched beep so you can
distinguish it from other beeps. You must press the F2 key to
continue.
Terminal Setup, Dialing Directory and Macro key
definition must be done from VT100 emulation mode.
Since the PC screen is not the same as the Tektronix 4014
screen, the following adjustment is made (high resolution
coordinates are shown in parentheses):
For the 4010:
X scale = Tekpoints 0-1023 are mapped into PC 0-639(720)
Y scale = Tekpoints 0-779 are mapped into PC 0-199(348)
Y points 780-1023 map above the screen but are
still valid.
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4014 Emulation PC-VT v10.0
For the 4014:
X scale = Tekpoints 0-4095 are mapped into PC 0-639(720)
Y scale = Tekpoints 0-3119 are mapped into PC 0-199(348)
Y points 3120-4095 map above the screen but are
still valid.
Because of these adjustments, many Tekpoints map into a
single dot on the PC's screen.
The other adjustment that is made concerns the number of
character positions on the screen. The 4014 supports 4 character
sets. PC-VT supports two character sets if you are using the IBM
Color Graphics Adapter - 25 lines by 80 columns and 33 lines by
106 columns. Because of this, the exact character positions on
some graphics output from the host may not appear in the same
position as on a real 4014. The same is true if you have the
Everex Edge or Hercules card installed. The situation is a little
better, though, as hardware supports 43 lines of 90 characters
and 58 lines of 120 characters which more closely emulates the
4014.
With all three graphics cards, the smaller character set
produces capital letters only.
Unlike a real 4014, PC-VT handles XON and XOFF like a
VT100 even in 4014 mode. If you do not want this handshaking, you
must disable the XON/XOFF feature in the SETUP B frame.
11.1 4014 Options
Strap options on the 4014 are selectable from the SETUP B
frame:
Strap 1 Carriage Return effect - the ENTER key on the PC
can be set to send either a carriage return or a
carriage return and a linefeed. Default is
carriage return only.
Strap 2 DEL Implies LOY - PC-VT can be set to interpret
DEL (ASCII 127) as a low order Y code or as a
RUBOUT. Defaults to low order Y code.
Strap 3 Line Feed effect - the CTRL-J (linefeed) key on
the PC can be set to send either just a line feed
or a line feed and a carriage return. Default is
line feed only.
Strap 4 GIN Terminator - A single carriage return is
normally sent as the GIN Terminator. You can
change this to no GIN terminator.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
11.2 4014 Keyboard Mapping
All ASCII character keys on the IBM PC's keyboard map
directly into the corresponding keys for the 4014. The 4014 has a
very simple keyboard layout. Most of the keyboard's special keys
have no effect in this mode.
11.2.1 Regular Key Mapping
4014 Key PC Equivalent Key Notes
PAGE KEY
F2 acts as the PAGE key on the 4014. The
screen is cleared and the cursor is returned to
the home position.
RESET
CTRL-HOME acts as the RESET key on the 4014. The
screen is cleared, the cursor is homed and all
options are reset.
Arrow Keys
Arrow Keys The PC's arrow keys are used for
cursor movement. In conjunction with the Ins key,
the arrow keys cause faster cursor movement. Press
and release the Ins key and PC-VT moves the cursor
in larger steps. Press and release the Ins key
again and PC-VT returns cursor movement to 1 pixel
steps.
RUBOUT
Del "Del" emulates the RUBOUT key on the
4014.
BACKSPACE
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4014 Emulation PC-VT v10.0
Backspace The backspace key sends a backspace
character to the host. The character sent can
either be an ASCII 8 or an ASCII 127 depending on
the setting of the backspace character bit in the
SETUP B frame.
TTY LOCK
Caps Lock The Caps Lock key acts as the TTY lock
key on the 4010.
----
Scroll LockThe 4014 does not a have a hold screen
function. With PC-VT you can press SCROLL LOCK to
stop vector drawing. Pressing SCROLL LOCK again
resumes drawing.
11.2.2 Control Function Keys
Most CTRL-Fx keys operate the same manner as in VT100
emulation mode:
Key Function
F1 Returns to VT100 emulation.
CTRL-F2 Changes the default disk directory for uploading
and downloading files. See Chapter 8.
CTRL-F3 Receives a file (ASCII or XMODEM). See Chapter 8.
CTRL-F4 Transmits a file (ASCII or XMODEM). See Chapter 8.
CTRL-F5 Prints the screenon the selected printer (LPT1 or
LPT2), if present. The printer is selected in the
SETUP B frame. If the Print Termination Character
is set in the SETUP B frame, the paper is moved to
the top of the next page after the screen is
printed.
CTRL-F7 Sends a BREAK. To send a sustained break to the
host, press CTRL-F7. Confirmation of the operation
is a click at the start of the break along with
another click at the end of the operation.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
CTRL-F8 Terminates the program, clears the screen and
returns control to DOS.
11.2.3 ALT Keys
ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10 :
Can be used as macro keys.
ALT-H: Enters the HELP frame. Once you are in the HELP
frame, use the PgDn key to look at the next HELP
page, use the PgUp key to look at the previous
HELP page, and use the Esc key to exit HELP and
return to the emulator. HELP works from most
frames and is context sensitive. That is, if you
need HELP within the 4014 communication frame, you
get 4014 information.
ALT-K : Starts up the KERMIT module. See the attached
KERMIT document for details on its command set.
ALT-F : Starts up another copy of COMMAND.COM. This is
done without terminating PC-VT or breaking the
host connection. Once the new COMMAND.COM is
started, you can run any DOS function or other PC
program. You should be careful that you don't run
a program that uses the same communications port
as PC-VT is using since the other program may
leave the port in an unexpected state. PC-VT may
not then be able to get control of the port again.
Also be careful that you don't alter any files
which PC-VT may be using. To exit from the new
copy of COMMAND.COM and return to PC-VT, type
"exit" at the command prompt.
ALT-Z : Hangs up the phone.PC-VT performs the same
functions as if you had entered the DIALING frame
and pressed F5. That is, the Hayes compatible hang
up command is sent to the modem.
11.3 4014 Error Messages
"4014 Graphics Emulation Requires the Color Graphics Adapter"
PC-VT could not find a Color Graphics Adapter
card. If you have both Monochrome and Color
Graphics Adapter cards in your system, you may
have left off the /b option from the command line
when you started PC-VT. If you have the Everex
Edge card installed, you left off the /e option.
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4014 Emulation PC-VT v10.0
If you have the Hercules card installed, you left
off the /h option.
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Chapter 12
PC-VT Status Line
When in the VT100 communications frame, PC-VT uses line
25 of the monitor as a status line. The VT100 only requires 24
lines for proper operation. The 4014 emulator does not display
this line. The meaning of each of the fields displayed is
summarized in this chapter.
On Line PC-VT is actively monitoring the COMx port. It is
on line to a host only if you have established the
connection.
Local PC-VT is performing some local function and data
received on the COMx port is not displayed. The
data is not lost but is buffered and displayed
when PC-VT returns to on line mode. Note that on
the PCjr this may not be true. If the PCjr is
doing a diskette operation, all other interrupts
are masked off. If data is received on the COMx
line, it is lost.
Vx.x The version number of PC-VT. Please include this
number if you write to us.
KBD LOCKED The host computer has locked the keyboard. The
host is also responsible for unlocking the
keyboard. PC-VT clicks the speaker if a key is
pressed when the keyboard is locked.
CAP The Caps Lock key has been depressed on the
keyboard.
NUM The Num Lock key has been depressed on the
keyboard.
SCR The SCROLL LOCK key has been depressed on the
keyboard. This key functions as the NO SCROLL key
on the VT100.
" " The Greek letter alpha is displayed to indicate
that PC-VT is in VT100 Applications Keypad mode.
This permits the PC's function and keypad keys to
transmit special codes. See chapter 5. The host
controls entrance and exit to this mode.
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PC-VT Status Line PC-VT v10.0
X Indicates that the host's buffer has filled up and
that the host is not accepting any more characters
from the PC. This clears automatically when the
host's buffer has emptied. Press ALT-X to clear
this flag in the cases where some noise on the
communications line happened to set it.
P Indicates that printer echo is turned on and all
characters displayed on the screen are printed on
the printer. Characters displayed on the status
line are never printed. Printer echo can be turned
on by the host via an Escape sequence or by
pressing CTRL-F6 on the PC's keyboard.
HH:MM:SS Displays the time of day. This can be turned off
by resetting the CLOCK bit in the SETUP B frame.
DSR Indicates that the modem has raised its Data Set
Ready line. This indicator as well as the next two
modem status indicators can be turned off by
resetting the CLOCK bit in the SETUP B frame. Most
smart modems keep this line high at all times to
indicate that they are ready to receive commands.
Note that PC-VT does not really care. It displays
this only for information.
CTS Indicates that the modem has raised its Clear To
Send line. Some modems maintain this line high at
all times. There is usually a switch on the modem
which causes this line to function normally. Note
that PC-VT does not really care. It displays this
only for information.
CD Indicates that the modem has raised its Carrier
Detect line. Some modems maintain this line high
at all times. There is usually a switch on the
modem which causes this line to function normally.
Note that PC-VT does not really care. It displays
this only for information.
L1L2L3L4 These represent the LED's on the VT100. All four
are used on the VT100 and the VT102, and none are
used on the VT52.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Chapter 13
Error Messages
This chapter lists error messages which do not appear in
other chapters or which deserve a more detailed explanation.
Error messages regarding the USER MEMORY file
(PARAMS.DAT) may be found at the end of Chapter 7. Messages
regarding file transfer may be found at the end of Chapter 8.
Dialer messages are at the end of Chapter 9. Macro messages are
at the end of Chapter 10.
PC-VT detects all errors which occur while it is running
in order to notify the user and terminate gracefully if
necessary.
"PC-VT Requires DOS 2.0 or later.":
PC-VT requires DOS 2.0 or later in order to
execute.
"Sorry, not enough memory for HELP":
PC-VT dynamically allocates memory for the HELP
data. This message says that the Operating System
could not allocate PC-VT the additional memory
that it needed for the HELP frame.
"Sorry, could not load the HELP file":
PC-VT could not find the HELP.DAT file on the
default drive or the drive specified by the "PC-
VT=" environment string. If you are running a
diskette system, you must have the PC-VT diskette
with the HELP.DAT file in the drive the first time
that you press ALT-H. This is when PC-VT reads the
file into memory. After the first press of the
HELP key, the file is kept in memory so that the
copy on the diskette is no longer needed.
"File COMMAND.COM could not be found. Error xx":
You just pressed ALT-F to start up another copy of
COMMAND.COM and PC-VT could not locate it on disk.
This usually means that if you are running PC-VT
from a floppy diskette, you must copy COMMAND.COM
to that floppy diskette. PC-VT uses the
environment string "COMSPEC=" to locate the
COMMAND.COM program. This string is set
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Error Messages PC-VT v10.0
automatically to the boot drive when you start up
PC-VT. To check to see if it is set correctly,
type in the "SET" command from the DOS prompt
after you terminate PC-VT by pressing CTRL-F8. The
error number is described in the DOS Software
Technical Reference Manual. Some of the more
common errors are:
02 COMMAND.COM not found
03 Path given in the "COMSPEC="
string is invalid
05 Access Denied
"File KERMIT.COM could not be found. Error xx":
You just pressed ALT-K to start up KERMIT.COM and
PC-VT could not locate it on disk. This usually
means that if you are running PC-VT from a floppy
diskette, you must copy KERMIT.COM to that floppy
diskette. PC-VT looks for the program first in the
DOS search path set by the environment variable,
"PATH=". Then it looks in the directory specified
by the "PC-VT=" variable. To check to see if
either of these variables are set correctly, type
in the "SET" command from the DOS prompt after you
terminate PC-VT by pressing CTRL-F8. The error
number is described in the DOS Software Technical
Reference Manual. Some of the more common errors
are:
02 KERMIT.COM not found
03 Path given in the "PATH=" or
"PC-VT=" strings is invalid
05 Access Denied
"Disk not ready or Fixed Disk error. Abort or Retry (Press a or
r) ?": PC-VT just encountered a disk error. The error
most likely was caused by a door open on a floppy
diskette drive. Correct the situation and have PC-
VT retry the operation by pressing 'r'. To have
PC-VT abort the disk operation and terminate,
press 'a'.
"Fatal FAT Error. PC-VT Terminating. Press any key.":
PC-VT just found a fatal error in the disk File
Allocation Table (FAT). PC-VT cannot continue and
terminates as soon as you press any key.
"PC-VT Requires an 80 Column Display":
The VT100 is an 80 column device so PC-VT must
have an 80 column output device.
"PC-VT Terminated...":
Indicates that PC-VT successfully terminated. It
closed the communications buffer so that any data
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
received is lost. If you want to get back to DOS
without closing the communications buffer, press
ALT-F instead of CTRL-F8.
"Found old versions of PARAMS.DAT and DIALER.DAT files."
"Delete them and restart PC-VT"
Your diskette or fixed disk has copies of the
PARAMS.DAT and DIALER.DAT files from an older
version of PC-VT. The newer versions of PC-VT
cannot use these files. Delete these two files and
then restart the program. PC-VT automatically
recreates the files in their new format.
"EVEREX EDGE card must be in monochrome mode"
"use this command at the DOS prompt :"
"SETMODE -amono -c80 -r25 -mmono"
You have told PC-VT to use the Everex Edge card
for display output and the card is set for color
mode. In order for PC-VT to use the card, it must
be in monochrome mode. At the DOS prompt, type in
the command shown.
"When using both monitors, start PC-VT from"
" the Monochrome monitor"
You have told PC-VT to use both the color and the
monochrome displays. PC-VT must be started from
the monochrome display in this case. At the DOS
prompt, enter the DOS command "mode mono".
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Appendix 13 PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix A
VT100 Control Characters
These appendices describe the internal operation of PC-
VT. They show the various control characters and escape sequences
which PC-VT interprets as commands. The character "ESC" is an
ASCII control character with the decimal value of 27. These
appendices can be skipped if your only use of PC-VT is simply as
a VT100 Video Terminal.
ASCII codes from 0 to 31 and 127 are control characters.
PC-VT responds to these characters as listed in the following
table.
Name Code Function
Null 0 This character is ignored. It can be
used as a fill character. A fill
character is sometimes used to take
up space in a messages for timing
reasons.
End of Text 3 Not supported. PC-VT ignores this
character.
End of 4 This character can be selected as a
Transmission disconnect character by the SETUP B
frame. If selected, its receipt
causes PC-VT to disconnect from the
communications line by sending a Break.
Enquire 5 Causes PC-VT to transmit its answerback
message. The answerback back message is
set in the SETUP B frame.
Bell 7 Causes PC-VT to beep the IBM PC speaker.
Backspace 8 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor back one
column and delete the character there.
If the cursor is already in column 1,
this character is ignored.
Horizontal Tab 9 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor to the
next tab stop. If there are no tab stops
between the current cursor position and
column 80, the cursor is moved to column
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Appendix A PC-VT v10.0
80. The tab stops are set in
the SETUP A frame.
Line Feed 10 Causes the cursor to move down one
line in the current column. If the
cursor moves below the screen output
area, the lines above the cursor move up
one line, and a blank line is added to
the bottom of the screen. The operation
of this key is modified by the Line Feed/
New Line feature selected in SETUP B.
Vertical Tab 11 Handled as a line feed.
Form Feed 12 Handled as a line feed except when being
sent to a line printer via one of the
print commands. It those cases, it is
sent to the line printer as a Form
Feed.
Carriage Return 13 The cursor is moved back to the left
margin. Cursor remains in the current
line.
Shift Out 14 Causes PC-VT to change its character set
to the G0 character set. The G0 character
set is selected by the Select Character
Set escape sequence.
Shift In 15 Causes PC-VT to change its character set
to the G1 character set. The G1 character
set is selected by the Select Character
Set escape sequence.
XON (Device 17 Causes PC-VT to continue or restart
Control 1) sending characters.
XOFF (Device 19 Causes PC-VT to stop transmitting Control
3) characters. It does not stop PC-VT
from sending XON or XOFF.
Cancel 24 Causes PC-VT to interrupt and cancel any
in process escape control sequence.
If received during the parsing of
an escape sequence, it cancels the
sequence without notification.
Substitute 26 Handled as Cancel. If received during
the parsing of an escape sequence, it
cancels the sequence and displays an
upsidedown question mark. It is also
used as an End of File indicator
during ASCII file transfers.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Escape 27 Indicates the start of a special escape
control sequence. If received during
the parsing of an escape sequence, it
cancels the sequence without
notification.
Delete 127 This character is ignored when received.
All other control characters are ignored.
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Appendix A PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix B
VT100 Received Escape Sequences
PC-VT constantly monitors the communications line for the
incoming escape sequences listed below. When they are received,
PC-VT performs the function as shown. The escape character and
the characters which follow it and are part of the sequence are
not displayed. When receiving (downloading) an ASCII file, PC-VT
copies these characters to the PC disk file being created. The
escape character is shown below as "ESC" and is the ASCII
character with the value of 27.
Many of the sequences listed are extensions to the
standard VT100 and VT102 ANSI escape sequences. Those include
color support, direct control of PC-VT using private escape
sequences, the 'Insert Character - ESC[Pn@' sequence, the Device
Status Report:Error sequence and keyboard redefinition sequences.
Keypad Character Selection
ESC = Select Alternate Keypad Mode - Sets the keyboard
to transmit the Alternate Keypad set of character
codes.
ESC > Select Numeric Keypad Mode - Sets the keyboard to
transmit the Numeric Keypad set of character
codes.
Select Character Sets
ESC ( A Select U.K. Character Set as G0 - The standard IBM
PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to
34 and 36 to 127. ASCII code 35 is replaced by the
extended character 156, the UK Pound sign.
ESC ( B Select U.S. Character Set as G0 - The standard IBM
PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to
127.
ESC ( 0 Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Set as
G0 - A special character and line drawing set is
selected. The set is identical to the IBM PC
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
character set for ASCII codes 0 to 95. ASCII codes
96 to 127 are shown below.
ESC ) A Select U.K. Character Set as G1- The standard IBM
PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to
34 and 36 to 127. ASCII code 35 is replaced by the
extended character 156, the UK Pound sign.
ESC ) B Select U.S. Character Set as G1 - The standard IBM
PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to
127.
ESC ) 0 Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Set as
G1 - A special character and line drawing set is
selected. The set is identical to the IBM PC
character set for ASCII codes 0 to 95. ASCII codes
96 to 127 are shown below.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Special Character and Line Drawing Set
ASCII Code Character IBM PC ASCII Code
0 - 95 Same as the standard IBM PC character set.
96 Diamond 4
97 Large Block 219
98 Horizontal Tab (right arrow) 26
99 Formfeed (up triangle) 30
100 Carriage Return (left arrow) 27
101 Linefeed (up arrow) 24
102 Degree Symbol 248
103 Plus/Minus Sign 241
104 New Line (down arrow) 25
105 Vertical Tab (up/down arrow) 23
106 Upper Right Corner 217
107 Lower Right Corner 191
108 Lower Left Corner 218
109 Upper Left Corner 192
110 Crossing Lines 197
111 Horizontal Line 196
112 Horizontal Line 196
113 Horizontal Line 196
114 Horizontal Line 196
115 Horizontal Line 196
116 Left T 195
117 Right T 180
118 Top T 193
119 Bottom T 194
120 Vertical Line 179
121 Less Than or Equal To 243
122 Greater Than or Equal 242
123 Pi Symbol 20
124 Not Equal Sign (squiggle) 247
125 UK Pound Sign 156
126 Centered Dot 250
127 blank 32
Display Attributes
ESC [ m Select Graphic Rendition - Resets Display
Attribute to default per SETUP B display.
ESC [ 0 m Same as "ESC [ m".
ESC [ 1 m Select Graphic Rendition - Sets Display Attribute
to bold. PC-VT does not support bold and reverse
video concurrently.
ESC [ 4 m Select Graphic Rendition - Sets Display Attribute
to underline (IBM Monochrome Display only). For
the Color Graphics Adapter, PC-VT displays this
attribute as bold or bold & blinking so that it is
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
recognizable. The attribute is selected in the
SETUP B frame. PC-VT does not support underline
and reverse video concurrently.
ESC [ 5 m Select Graphic Rendition - Sets Display Attribute
to blink.
ESC [ 7 m Select Graphic Rendition - Sets Display Attribute
to reverse video. PC-VT does not support underline
or bold and reverse video concurrently.
Bold does not appear when the screen is in reverse
video. This is a limitation of the PC hardware.
Underline appears in reverse video since the same
bits in the hardware attribute are used to control
those two modes.
The other modes are additive. That is, The
sequence "ESC [ 7 m ESC [ 5 m" produces blinking,
high intensity video. Then "ESC [ m" resets the
display to the default, usually white on black.
PC-VT supports multiple parameters for the Select
Graphic Rendition sequence. For example, the three
sequences in the previous paragraph can be coded
as "ESC [ 7 ; 5 ; 1 m". Up to 14 parameters may be
specified.
Figure B.1 shows what you will see on a Monochrome
monitor. With the CGA monitor the results are
similar depending on what selection you have made
for underline in the SETUP B frame.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Screen in White on Black Mode
Attribute:
Under Screen
Normal Line Blink Reverse Bold Displays
x Normal Video
x x Underline Normal Video
x x Blink Normal Video
x x x Underline Blink Normal
Video
x Negative Video
x x *Negative Video
x x Blink Negative Video
x x x *Blink Negative Video
x Bold Video
x x Underline Bold Video
x x Blink Bold Video
x x x Underline Blink Bold Video
x x *Negative Video
x x x *Negative Video
x x x *Blink Negative Video
x x x x *Blink Negative Video
Asterisks indicate modes which are not exactly like the VT100.
Figure B.1 PC-VT Video Attribute Handling
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Screen in Black on White Mode
Attribute:
Under Screen
Normal Line Blink Reverse Bold Displays
x Negative Video
x x *Normal Video
x x Blink Negative Video
x x x *Blink Normal Video
x Normal Video
x x *Normal Video
x x Blink Normal Video
x x x *Blink Normal Video
x *Negative Video
x x *Normal Video
x x *Blink Negative Video
x x x *Blink Normal Video
x x *Normal Bold Video
x x x *Normal Bold Video
x x x *Blink Bold Normal Video
x x x x *Blink Bold Normal Video
Asterisks indicate modes which are not exactly like the VT100.
Figure B.1 (continued) PC-VT Video Attribute Handling
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Color
PC-VT can handle color if you are on a color
monitor. The color must be set by the host
computer.
ESC [ Pc m Select Graphic Rendition - Sets Display Attribute
to the color given by Pc as follows (Pc must be
sent as 1 or 2 ASCII characters):
8 Invisible
30 Black Foreground
31 Red Foreground
32 Green Foreground
33 Yellow Foreground
34 Blue Foreground
35 Magenta Foreground
36 Cyan Foreground
37 White Foreground
40 Black Background
41 Red Background
42 Green Background
43 Yellow Background
44 Blue Background
45 Magenta Background
46 Cyan Background
47 White Background
Example to set red characters on a blue
background:
ESC [ 3 1 m ESC [ 4 4 m ESC [ 2 J ESC [7 H
Where ESC is the escape character ASCII 27.
Note that setting the colors does not affect the
current contents of the display. Only characters
displayed following the color setting sequences
are in color. This is consistent with the other
Select Graphic Rendition sequences. To clear the
screen to the new background color, use the clear
screen sequence followed by the home cursor
sequence. By just using the color sequences, you
can display portions of your output in different
colors.
Certain of these combinations, like black
foreground characters on a black background, won't
show anything on the display.
The colors which you select become the new
temporary defaults for PC-VT. That is, if you set
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
up white on blue and send the "ESC [ m" sequence,
the color is reset to the defaults which are white
on blue. If you want to return to standard white
characters on a black background, you must send
"ESC [ 3 7 m ESC [ 4 0 m".
To make the selected colors permanent for the next
time you run PC-VT, go to the SETUP A frame and
select the "s" store option.
Scrolling Margin
ESC [ Pt ; Pb r
Sets top and bottom scrolling margins - The
scrolling region includes display lines starting
at Pt and ending at Pb inclusive. Pt and Pb must
be between 1 and 24. Pb must be greater than or
equal to Pt. If Pt is omitted, it defaults to 1.
If Pb is omitted, it defaults to 24.
Cursor Movement Commands
ESC [ Pn A Cursor Up - Moves cursor up Pn lines. If omitted,
Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is already at
the top of the screen, this sequence is ignored.
If Pn is greater than the number of lines to the
top of the screen, the cursor is moved to the top
of the screen.
ESC [ Pn B Cursor Down - Moves cursor down Pn lines. If
omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is
already at the bottom of the screen, this sequence
is ignored. If Pn is greater than the number of
lines to the bottom of the screen, the cursor is
moved to the bottom of the screen.
ESC [ Pn C Cursor Right - Moves cursor right Pn columns. If
omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is
already at the right margin of the screen, this
sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the
number of columns to the right margin of the
screen, the cursor is moved to the right margin of
the screen.
ESC [ Pn D Cursor Left - Moves cursor left Pn columns. If
omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is
already at the left margin of the screen, this
sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the
number of columns to the left margin of the
screen, the cursor is moved to the left margin of
the screen.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
ESC [ Pl ; Pc H
Cursor Position - Moves the cursor to absolute
line given by Pl and absolute column given by Pc.
Pl must be between 1 and 24. Pc must be between 1
and 80. If omitted, Pl and Pc are assumed to be 1.
ESC [ Pl ; Pc f
Same as "ESC [ Pl ; Pc H".
ESC H Cursor Position (Home) - Move the cursor to the
top left of the screen. Same as the sequence "ESC
[ 1 ; 1 H" or "ESC [ 1 ; 1 f".
ESC [ f Same as "ESC H".
ESC D Index - Moves the cursor down one line. The cursor
remains in the same column. A scroll up is
performed if the cursor moves below line 24.
ESC M Reverse Index - Moves the cursor up one line. The
cursor remains in the same column. A scroll down
is performed if the cursor moves above line 1.
ESC E Next Line - Moves the cursor to the first column
of the next line. A scroll up is performed if the
cursor moves below line 24.
ESC 7 Save cursor - Saves the current cursor position
(line,column), display character attribute,
selected character set, and origin mode.
ESC 8 Restore Cursor - Restores the cursor position and
other saved attributes to the values recorded by
the last "ESC [ 7" sequence. If the save cursor
escape sequence has not been received since PC-VT
was started, no values are restored and the cursor
is moved to the top left margin.
Line Attributes
ESC # 3 and ESC # 4
Double Height Line, Top Half and Double Height
Line, Bottom Half - These two sequences must
always be used in pairs on adjacent lines. Double
height lines are simulated in PC-VT by blanking
the top line and converting the bottom line into
double width by taking the left half of the line,
inserting blanks between the characters and
placing them back down to occupy the entire line.
Any characters on the right half of the line are
lost.
ESC # 5 Single Width Line - Converts the current line into
a single width line. PC-VT simulates this by
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
taking every other character from the line and
putting them down in the left half of the line.
The right half of the line is blanked.
ESC # 6 Double Width Line - Converts the current line into
simulated double width characters by taking the
left half of the line, inserting blanks between
the characters and placing them back down to
occupy the entire line. Any characters on the
right half of the line are lost. The cursor
remains in the same character position unless the
cursor would have moved off the right of the
screen. In that case, the cursor is placed at the
right margin.
Tab Stops
ESC H Horizontal Tab Set - Clear a tab stop at the
column position occupied by the cursor.
ESC [ g Tabulation Clear - Clears the tab, if any, at the
column position occupied by the cursor.
ESC [ 0 g Same as "ESC [ g".
ESC [ 3 g Tabulation Clear - Clears all tabs.
Editing Functions
ESC [ Pn @ Insert Character - Inserts Pn characters starting
at the cursor position. Character(s) to the right
of the cursor column move right. Pn, if omitted,
is assumed to be 1. Character(s) moved off the
right of the display are lost.
ESC [ Pn P Delete Character - Deletes Pn characters starting
at the cursor position. Characters to the right of
the deleted character(s) move left. Pn, if
omitted, is assumed to be 1. Spaces are inserted
at the right as needed.
ESC [ Pn L Insert Line - Inserts Pn lines before the line
containing cursor. The current line and all lines
below it move down the display. Lines which move
below the bottom scrolling margin are lost. Pn, if
omitted, is assumed to be 1.
ESC [ Pn M Delete Line - Deletes Pn lines starting at the
line containing the cursor and below. Lines below
the deleted lines move up. New blank lines are
created to fill the bottom of the scrolling area.
If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1.
Erasing
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
ESC [ K Erase In Line - Erases the line occupied by the
cursor from the cursor to the end of the Line.
ESC [ 0 K Same as "ESC [ K".
ESC [ 1 K Erase In Line - Erases the line occupied by the
cursor from the beginning of the line to the
cursor.
ESC [ 2 K Erase In Line - Erases the entire line containing
the cursor.
ESC [ J Erase In Display - Erases the screen from the
current cursor position to the bottom left of the
display.
ESC [ 0 J Same as "ESC [ J".
ESC [ 1 J Erase In Display - Erases the screen from the top
right of the display to the current cursor
position.
ESC [ 2 J Erase In Display - Erases the entire screen.
Print Commands
These commands are ignored if there is no printer
attached to the PC or if
the printer is not ready. LPT1 or LPT2 is selected
on the SETUP B frame. In
the normal VT100 definition, any formfeed
characters are translated to
linefeed characters before they are displayed. PC-
VT does not translate
formfeeds which are routed the printer.
If a printer error occurs, the escape sequence
"ESC [ ? 10 n" returns the error code.
ESC [ ? 5 i Media Copy - Turn on Auto Print. All characters
locally or echoed by the host are printed on the
selected printer, if present, as soon as a
carriage return is received. The character 'P' is
displayed in column 42 of the Status Line (line 25
) of the display to indicate that printer echo is
turned on.
ESC [ ? 4 i Media Copy - Turns off Auto Print.
ESC [ 5 i Media Copy - Turns on Print Controller. All
characters received from the host are displayed on
the selected printer, if present, as soon as a
carriage return is received. Nothing is displayed
on the screen.
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Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
When Print Controller mode is on, escape sequences
are not sent to the printer. This is different
than the strict VT printer definition. The next
sequence when parsed, turns off Print Controller
mode.
ESC [ 4 i Media Copy - Turns off Print Controller. A
carriage return and linefeed should be sent to the
selected printer before transmitting this sequence
to be sure that the printer is ready for the next
print sequence and that the print carriage is at
the left margin.
ESC [ i Media Copy - The screen as defined by the print
extent in the SETUP B frame is copied to the
selected printer, if present. A formfeed is sent
to the selected printer at the conclusion of the
printing if the Termination Character feature is
set in the SETUP B frame.
ESC [ ? 1 i Media Copy - The line containing the cursor is
printed on the selected printer, if present.
ESC [ ? 3 i Special Print - A PC-VT private sequence. The
contents of the filename download buffer is sent
to the printer. Underline characters are converted
to the Escape character (ASCII 27). Load the
buffer with the "ESC [ ? 2 4 h" and "ESC [ ? 2 4
l" sequences. See Appendix J.
Reports
ESC [ 5 n Device Status Report, Hardware - The status of PC-
VT and hardware is reported with this response:
"ESC [ 0 n " PC-VT is OK.
ESC [ ? 10 n Device Status Report, Error - The last error which
occurred is reported. A private PC-VT sequence.
Format is:
"ESC [ ? x ; y n " Last error or DOS return
code which occurred is returned as x. If x is
zero, usually no error occurred. Termination code
returned by a called program is y. This response
is available for printer errors, file transfer
errors and calling of COMMAND.COM. Check the
technical appendix for details.
ESC [ ? 15 n Device Status Report, Printer - The status of the
selected printer is reported with these responses:
Page 124
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
"ESC [ ? 13 n " No printer on system
"ESC [ ? 10 n " Printer ready
"ESC [ ? 11 n " Printer not ready.
ESC [ 6 n Device Status Report, Cursor Position - The
position of the cursor is reported with this
response:
"ESC [ Pl ; Pc R" The cursor is currently at
line Pl and column Pc.
ESC [ c Device Attribute Report - PC-VT reports that it is
a VT102 or VT100 Video Terminal compatible device
with the responses:
"ESC [ ? 6 c" I am a VT102
or
"ESC [ ? 1 ; 2 c" I am a VT100 with Advanced
Video Option (AVO)
The response depends upon the state of the
Terminal Type bit in the SETUP B frame. The VT100
terminal response includes the AVO indication even
though your hardware may not support 132 columns.
ESC [ 0 x Request Terminal Parameters - PC-VT reports its
terminal parameters and enables unsolicited
reporting. When unsolicited reporting is enabled,
PC-VT reports terminal parameters when SETUP is
exited (in VT100 emulation mode only).
ESC [ 1 x Request Terminal Parameters - PC-VT reports its
terminal parameters and disables unsolicited
reporting.
Terminal Parameters are reported as follows :
"ESC [ Ps ; Pp ; Pn ; Px ; Pr ; 1 ; x" Where
:
Ps is 2 indicating that this sequence is a report
or 3 indicating that this sequence is a report and
that unsolicited reporting is disabled,
Pp is 1 indicating no parity, 4 indicating odd
parity or 5 indicating even parity,
Pn is 1 indicating 8 data bits or 2 indicating 7
data bits,
Px and Pr (both identical) indicating COM1 port
speed as follows:
Page 125
Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
Value Speed
----- -----
16 100 baud
32 150 baud
48 300 baud
64 1200 baud
88 2400 baud
104 4800 baud
112 9600 baud
ESC [ 0 c Same as "ESC [ c".
ESC Z Same as "ESC [ c".
Reset
ESC c Reset to Initial State - PC-VT is reset to its
initial state by reading the USER MEMORY file on
the default drive. The program is then restarted.
If a host was selected, either from the command
line or in the DIALER frame, the SETUP data for
that host is reloaded. PC-VT sends an XON to the
host if XON/XOFF support is selected.
Tests and Adjustments
ESC[ ... y PC-VT does not run any local tests in response to
these sequences. PC-VT just responds with the
terminal OK response "ESC [ 0 n". PC-VT sends an
XON to the host if XON/XOFF support is selected.
Keyboard LED's
Four LED's are supported in both VT100 and VT102
modes.
ESC [ q Load LED (LED's off) - The emulated LED's on
Status Line 25 of the display are turned off.
ESC [ 0 q Same as "ESC [ q".
ESC [ 1 q Load LED (L1 on) - The emulated LED L1 on Status
Line 25 of the display is turned on.
ESC [ 2 q Load LED (L2 on) - The emulated LED L2 on Status
Line 25 of the display is turned on.
ESC [ 3 q Load LED (L3 on) - The emulated LED L3 on Status
Line 25 of the display is turned on.
ESC [ 4 q Load LED (L4 on) - The emulated LED L4 on Status
Line 25 of the display is turned on.
VT52 Compatible Mode
Page 126
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
ESC < Enter ANSI mode.
ESC = Enter alternate keypad mode.
ESC > Exit alternate keypad mode to numeric keypad mode.
ESC F Select special graphics character set.
ESC G Select US/UK character set.
ESC A Cursor up.
ESC B Cursor down.
ESC C Cursor right.
ESC D Cursor left.
ESC H Home cursor.
ESC Y Pl Pc Direct cursor address.
ESC I Reverse linefeed.
ESC K Erase to end of line.
ESC J Erase to end of screen.
ESC ^ Enter auto print mode.
ESC _ Exit auto print mode.
ESC W Enter printer controller mode.
ESC X Exit printer controller mode.
ESC ] Print screen.
ESC V Print current line.
ESC Z Identify what you are. PC-VT responds with "ESC /
Z".
PC-VT still responds to DEC private escape
sequences while in VT52 compatibility mode.
Set Mode
ESC [ 2 h Keyboard Action - The keyboard is locked. Pressing
any key causes PC-VT to click. The message "KBD
LOCKED" is displayed on Status Line 25 of the
screen.
Page 127
Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
ESC [ 4 h Insert-replacement - Insert mode is selected. Any
characters received cause the characters currently
on the screen from the cursor position to the
right to be moved one position to the right. The
newly received character is then inserted in the
vacated space.
ESC [ 12 h Send-Receive Mode - Sets host echo. Characters
typed at the keyboard are not locally displayed
unless they are sent back by the host.
ESC [ 20 h Linefeed / New Line - Sets PC-VT to transmit both
a carriage return and linefeed when the ENTER key
is pressed. Causes received linefeed, formfeed and
vertical tab characters to move the cursor to the
left margin of the next line.
ESC [ ? 1 h Cursor Key - Sets the cursor keys to generate
Application Mode functions. For the VT102, this
sequence is valid only in Application Keypad mode.
For the VT100, it is valid anytime.
ESC [ ? 5 h Screen - Sets the screen to reverse video mode.
The display attribute is set to black on white.
The entire display is flipped to black on white.
All characters received after this sequence are
displayed in black on white.
ESC [ ? 6 h Origin - Sets the home position to the top left
margin of the scrolling region set by the "Set top
and bottom margins" sequence "ESC [ Pt ; Pb r" .
ESC [ ? 7 h Autowrap - Sets autowrap on. When the cursor gets
to the right margin and another character is
received, a carriage return and linefeed are sent
to the display.
ESC [ ? 8 h Autorepeat - Sets autorepeat on. This is the
normal operation of the IBM PC keyboard. If a key
is held down, it starts to repeatedly send its
code to the running program. This is the default
setting for PC-VT.
ESC [ ? 18 h Print Formfeed On - PC-VT sends a formfeed to the
selected printer at the conclusion of a print
screen operation. This is the default setting.
ESC [ ? 19 h Print Extent - The full screen is printed on the
selected printer by the print screen sequence.
This is the default setting.
ESC [ ? 21 h Receive File - Performs the same function as the
CTRL-F3 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private. Error
Page 128
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
code is available with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n"
sequence. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 22 h Transmit File - Performs the same function as the
CTRL-F4 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private. Error
code is available with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n"
sequence. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 23 h Special Sequence - This escape sequence causes PC-
VT to send a carriage return to the host. This was
implemented as a debug feature. PC-VT private. See
Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 24 h Set Buffer Load - The buffer load operation is
started. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 25 h Change Directory - Performs the same function as
the CTRL-F2 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private.
Error code is available with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n"
sequence. See Appendix J
ESC [ ? 26 h Terminate PC-VT - Performs the same function as
the CTRL-F8 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private.
See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 27 h Start Up Command.com - Performs the same function
as the ALT-F key on the keyboard. PC-VT private.
Error code is available with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n"
sequence. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 28 h Select EVE editor keypad support. Performs the
same function as setting the EVE bit in the SETUP
B frame. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 29 h Select VMS Operating System support. Performs the
same function as setting the VMS bit in the SETUP
B frame. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 38 h Switch to the 4014 emulator. This sequence is an
extension based on the DEC VT240. The PC must have
an IBM Color Graphics Adapter, a Hercules Graphics
Card or an Everex Edge Card or else this sequence
is ignored.
Reset Mode
ESC [ 2 l Keyboard Action - Unlocks the keyboard. Pressing
any key causes the character to be sent to the
host. The "KBD LOCKED" message is cleared from the
Status Line.
ESC [ 4 l Insert-replacement - Selects replacement mode. Any
characters received overwrite any characters on
Page 129
Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
the screen at the cursor location. This is the
default setting.
ESC [ 12 l Send-Receive Mode - Sets local echo. Characters
typed at the keyboard are locally displayed.
ESC [ 20 l Linefeed / New Line - Resets PC-VT to transmit
only a carriage return when the ENTER key is
pressed. Causes received linefeed, formfeed and
vertical tab characters to move cursor to the same
column of the next line. This is the default
setting.
ESC [ ? 1 l Cursor Key - Resets the cursor keys to generate
ANSI (Cursor Mode) control sequences. This is the
default setting. For the VT102, this sequence is
valid only in Application Keypad mode. For the
VT100, it is valid anytime.
ESC [ ? 5 l Screen - Resets the screen to normal mode. The
display attribute is changed to white on black.
The entire display is flipped to white on black.
All characters received after this sequence are
displayed in white on black. This is the default
setting.
ESC [ ? 6 l Origin - Resets the home position to the top left
of the screen. This is the default setting.
ESC [ ? 7 l Autowrap - Sets autowrap off. When the cursor gets
to the right margin and another character is
received, the cursor remains at the right margin
and characters overlay one another until a
carriage return is received. This the default
setting.
ESC [ ? 8 l Autorepeat - Sets autorepeat off. PC-VT can only
simulate this function since repeat is handled in
the keyboard by the 8048. When PC-VT receives this
escape sequence, it clears the keyboard buffer of
any characters.
ESC [ ? 18 l Print Formfeed Off- PC-VT performs a print screen
operation without a terminating formfeed.
ESC [ ? 19 l Print Extent - Only the scrolling region of the
screen is printed on the selected printer by the
print screen sequence.
ESC [ ? 24 l Reset Buffer Load - The buffer load operation is
terminated. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 25 l Send a formfeed to the printer. PC-VT private. See
Appendix J.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
ESC [ ? 26 l Start up HELP. Performs the same function as if
the user had selected HELP from the keyboard. PC-
VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 27 l Start up Command.COM. Performs the same function
as if the user had select the DOS Gateway from the
keyboard. DOS is entered in interactive mode. PC-
VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 28 l Select EDT editor keypad support. Performs the
same function as resetting the EVE bit in the
SETUP B frame. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
ESC [ ? 29 l Select UNIX Operating System support. Performs the
same function as resetting the VMS bit in the
SETUP B frame. PC-VT private. See Appendix J.
Loading Macro Keys
This is a PC-VT extension which follows the format
of the IBM ANSI.SYS keyboard redefinition. PC-VT
can only redefine ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10.
ESC [ 0 ; Pk ; "string" p
Sets macro key given by Pk to the string inside
the double quotes. The double quotes and all other
characters shown are required. Pk must be sent as
3 ASCII characters. Error Code is available with
the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" sequence.
Where Pk is:
104 ALT-F1
105 ALT-F2
106 ALT-F3
107 ALT-F4
108 ALT-F5
109 ALT-F6
110 ALT-F7
111 ALT-F8
112 ALT-F9
113 ALT-F10
Page 131
Appendix B PC-VT v10.0
Page 132
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix C
VT100 Transmitted Escape Sequences
Control keys which do not have a defined ASCII code are
translated into escape sequences for transmission to the host.
These keys are the cursor keys and the keypad keys. Both sets of
these keys can transmit different sequences. The codes sent by
the keypad keys are selected by the "Set Numeric Keypad" and "Set
Application keypad" commands. The codes for the cursor keys are
selected by the "Set Cursor" and "Reset Cursor" mode commands.
Note that setting numeric keypad mode resets the cursor mode. Set
and reset cursor mode only function in application keypad mode.
This VT100 defined numeric keypad mode has nothing to do with the
PC NUM LOCK key. The NUM LOCK key functions locally in the PC
only per the IBM documentation.
VT100 Cursor Keys
Key Reset (Cursor) Mode
Set (Application) mode
Up ESC [ A ESC O A Down
ESC [ B ESC O B Right
ESC [ C ESC O C Left
ESC [ D ESC O D
Page 133
Appendix C PC-VT v10.0
VT100 Emulated Keypad Keys
IBM PC Emulated ANSI Numeric ANSI Alternate
Key VT100 Key Keypad Mode
Keypad Mode
F10 0 0 ESC O p F7
1 1 ESC O q F8
2 2 ESC O r SHIFT-F7
3 3 ESC O s F5
4 4 ESC O t F6
5 5 ESC O u SHIFT-F5
6 6 ESC O v F3
7 7 ESC O w F4
8 8 ESC O x SHIFT-F3
9 9 ESC O y SHIFT-F4
-(minus) -(minus) ESC O m SHIFT-F6
,(comma) ,(comma) ESC O l SHIFT-F9
.(period) .(period) ESC O n SHIFT-F8
Enter Enter ESC O M F1
PF1 ESC O P ESC O P F2
PF2 ESC O Q ESC O Q SHIFT-F1
PF3 ESC O R ESC O R SHIFT-F2
PF4 ESC O S ESC O S
VT52 Cursor Keys
Key Reset (Cursor) Mode Set (Application) mode
Up ESC A ESC A Down
ESC B ESC B Right
ESC C ESC C Left
ESC D ESC D
Page 134
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
VT52 Emulated Keypad Keys
IBM PC Emulated ANSI Numeric ANSI Alternate
Key VT100 Key Keypad Mode Keypad Mode
F10 0 0 ESC ? p F7
1 1 ESC ? q F8
2 2 ESC ? r SHIFT-F7
3 3 ESC ? s F5
4 4 ESC ? t F6
5 5 ESC ? u SHIFT-F5
6 6 ESC ? v F3
7 7 ESC ? w F4
8 8 ESC ? x SHIFT-F3
9 9 ESC ? y SHIFT-F4
-(minus) -(minus) ESC ? m SHIFT-F6
,(comma) ,(comma) ESC ? l SHIFT-F9
.(period) .(period) ESC ? n SHIFT-F8
Enter Enter ESC ? M F1
PF1 ESC P ESC ? P F2
PF2 ESC Q ESC ? Q SHIFT-F1
PF3 ESC R ESC ? R SHIFT-F2
PF4 ESC S ESC ? S
Page 135
Appendix C PC-VT v10.0
Page 136
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix D
VT100 Responses to Escape Sequences
PC-VT responds to several control characters and escape
sequences. They are listed here. For a complete description of
all escape sequences see Appendix B.
Elicitor Response
Enquire Answerback message.
Device Status Report PC-VT responds with emulator status.
Cursor Status Report Current cursor position is reported.
Device Attributes PC-VT identifies itself as either a or
VT100, a VT102, or a VT52 depending
Identify Terminal on the bits set/reset in the SETUP B or frame.
What Are You
Request Terminal PC-VT responds with information regarding
Parameters communications parameters
Page 137
Appendix D PC-VT v10.0
Page 138
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix E
VT100 Special ALT Key Definitions
PC-VT uses ALT-F to startup the DOS Command Processor,
ALT-Z to send a hangup command to the modem, ALT-H to start the
HELP facility, and ALT-X to clear a received XOFF control
character. You can tell if an XOFF has been received because PC-
VT displays an X on the status line.
Additionally, several special ALT key commands are
available to the user of PC-VT. They were implemented to aid in
the debug of this program. Most of these are useful only under
very special circumstances but some may be of general use. To use
these commands, hold down the ALT key and at the same time
depress the key listed. They work only in the communications
frame and not in the SETUP, DIALING, or MACRO frames. Other than
the above mentioned keys, no claims or guarantees are make about
these keys and you use them at your own risk.
ALT Key plus Function
C Performs the same function as the CTRL-F8 key.
Terminates PC-VT. Mostly for PCjr users.
E Toggles Echo. This key toggles the state of the
echo flag. If the host is not echoing back
characters, you can press ALT-E and PC-VT echoes
the characters to the display.
F Fork. This key sequence starts up another copy of
Command.COM without terminating PC-VT or breaking
the host connection. Once the new Command.COM is
started, you can run any DOS function or other PC
program. You should be careful that you don't run
a program that uses the same communications port
as PC-VT is using. The other program may leave
the port in an unexpected state. PC-VT may not
then be able to get control of the port again.
Also be careful that you don't alter any files
which PC-VT may be using. To exit from the new
copy of Command.COM and return to PC-VT, type
"exit" at the command prompt.
G Prints current line. The line containing the
cursor is printed on the selected printer, if
Page 139
Appendix E PC-VT v10.0
present. Performs the same function as receipt of
a "ESC [ ? 1 i" sequence.
H HELP. Starts up the HELP frame. Check the index
for more information on the ALT-H key and HELP.
K Starts up the KERMIT file transfer module.
M Toggles "Ignore Nulls" mode. NUL(ASCII 0) and
DEL(ASCII 127) characters are not normally put
into the communications buffer. This switch on
causes those characters to be put in the buffer
just as all other characters. These characters are
eventually ignored by PC-VT, the difference is
that they now take up I/O buffer space and cannot
be used as "filler" or timing characters.
N Toggles "Ignore ESCAPE" mode. Received escape
sequences are not acted upon. They are displayed
as regular characters on the screen. The escape
character itself is displayed as "<ESC>". Toggling
this switch at the wrong time may lead to
unpredictable results. Autowrap is set
automatically when this switch is set.
O Performs the same function as the CTRL-F10 key.
Calls up the MACRO frame. Mostly for PCjr users.
P Sends a formfeed to the printer if a printer is
attached.
R Restarts PC-VT. Clears COMx port and restarts from
the beginning. Selected features and tab stops are
not changed. Host connection is not broken. This
command is useful if you make the host connection
after PC-VT is started and COMx port needs to be
initialized. In most cases, though, PC-VT
initializes the port without the need for this.
S Initiates the Scroll Buffer. When you press this
key, PC-VT tries to allocate an additional 32K of
memory in which it keeps the last 5 screens of
information. The Scroll Buffer can also be
initiated by a feature selection in the SETUP B
frame.
V Performs the same function as the CTRL-F9 key.
Calls up the DIALING frame. Mostly for PCjr users.
X Resets XOFF Flag. If PC-VT has received an XOFF
character, it does not transmit anything. If you
type a character, PC-VT beeps and ignores the key
you pressed. This is part of the VT100 definition.
If something happens and PC-VT receives an XOFF
Page 140
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
because of garbage on the communications line, you
can reset the XOFF flag by pressing ALT-X.
Z Hangs up the phone. PC-VT performs the same
functions as if you had entered the DIALING frame
and pressed F5. That is, the Hayes compatible hang
up command is sent to the modem.
Page 141
Appendix E PC-VT v10.0
The following ALT keys work only in Numeric Keypad mode (
the default mode).
ALT Key plus Function
A Turns on Print Only Mode. All characters sent from
the host are printed on the selected printer only.
Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [
5 i" sequence.
B Transmits the answerback message. Performs the
same function as receipt of a Enquire Control
Character (ASCII 5). Performs the same function as
the VT HERE IS key
D Turns off Print Only Mode. Performs the same
function as receipt of a "ESC [ 4 i" sequence.
W Reports Terminal Status. Performs the same
function as receipt of a "ESC [ 5 n" sequence.
Y Reports Printer Status. Performs the same function
as receipt of a "ESC [ ? 15 n" sequence.
U Reports Device Attributes. Performs the same
function as receipt of a "ESC [ c" sequence.
H Clears Tab Stop. Performs the same function as
receipt of a "ESC [ 0 g" sequence. You should use
the SETUP A frame.
J Sets Tab Stop. Performs the same function as
receipt of a "ESC H" sequence. You should use the
SETUP A frame.
L Clears All Tab Stops. Performs the same function
as receipt of a "ESC [ 3 g" sequence. You should
use the SETUP A frame.
Page 142
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix F
4014 Received Character Processing
The next appendices describe the internal operation of
PC-VT in 4014 mode. They show the various characters and escape
sequences which PC-VT interprets as commands. The character "ESC"
is an ASCII control character with the decimal value of 27.
The emulator runs in 4 basic modes - Alpha, Graph,
Bypass/GIN and LCE. The control characters have different
meanings in each of those modes.
F.1 Alpha Mode
Alpha mode is the default mode for the emulator. If you
are using the IBM Color Graphics Adapter, ASCII characters are
displayed as either 25 lines of 80 characters or 33 lines of 106
characters. If you are using the Everex Edge or the Hercules
card, characters are displayed as either 43 lines of 90
characters or 58 lines of 120 characters. Control characters are
acted upon per the 4014 definition.
Use the following commands to enter Alpha mode:
ESC FF To clear the screen and move the cursor to home
position.
CR To move the cursor to the left margin in the row
which contains the current graphic beam position.
US To enter Alpha mode with cursor at the current
Graphics beam position.
ASCII codes from 0 to 31 are control characters. PC-VT
responds to these characters as listed in the following table.
Name Code Function
NUL 0 Ignored.
SOH 1 Ignored.
STX 2 Ignored.
ETX 3 Ignored.
EOT 4 Ignored.
ENQ 5 Ignored.
Page 143
Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
ACK 6 Ignored.
BEL 7 Causes PC-VT to beep the IBM PC speaker.
BS 8 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor one space
right. If the cursor is already in the
rightmost column, this character is
ignored.
Characters backspaced over are NOT erased
from the screen.
HT 9 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor one space
left. If the cursor is already in the
leftmost column, HT causes an automatic
linefeed and carriage return.
LF 10 This causes the cursor to move down one
line in the current column. If the
cursor moves below the screen output
area, the lines above the cursor move up
one line, and a blank line is added to
the bottom of the screen. The operation
of this key is modified by the LF Effect
feature selected in SETUP B.
VT 11 This causes the cursor to move up one
line in the current column. If the cursor
is in the top line, VT wraps to the
bottom line.
FF 12 Ignored.
CR 13 The cursor is moved back to the left
margin. Cursor remains in the current
line.
SO 14 Ignored.
SI 15 Ignored.
DLE 16 Ignored.
XON 16 Restart transmission, if stopped.
DC2 18 Ignored.
XOFF 19 Stop transmission until XON is Received.
DC4 20 Ignored.
NAK 21 Ignored.
SYN 22 Ignored.
ETB 23 Ignored.
CAN 24 Ignored.
EM 25 Ignored.
SUB 26 Ignored.
ESC 27 Sets LCE mode.
FS 28 Sets Point Plot mode.
GS 29 Sets Graph mode to do a dark (invisible)
vector.
RS 30 Sets Incremental Plot mode.
US 31 Ignored.
ASCII codes from 32(" ") to 126("~") are taken as
displayable characters.
ASCII code 127(DEL) is ignored.
Page 144
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
To move the cursor to any desired position:
1. enter Graph mode with the GS command,
2. specify the graphics coordinates, and then
3. return to Alpha mode using the US command.
For example, to display the word PC-VT at coordinates (680,585),
send:
<GS>2i5H<US>PC-VT
F.2 Graph Mode
Graph mode is used to draw vectors. A vector is a
sequence of dots on the screen. You enter Graph mode with a GS
control character from Alpha mode. The first coordinate received
in Graph mode does not cause any output to the screen. This is
called a dark vector. It is used to MOVE to the beginning point
of the first vector to be drawn. Subsequent coordinates received
DRAW a vector from the previous coordinate to the new coordinate.
Vector drawing modes are set from LCE mode.
Use the following command to enter Graph mode:
GS Enter Graph mode with the beam position at the
lower left corner of the current Alpha cursor
position.
Characters received are interpreted as coordinates. Up to
5 characters are needed to form a single coordinate. The
characters received must be in the following format and sequence:
7 bit Character
Byte -------------------------------------------------
Name 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
---- -------------------------------------------------
HIY 0 1 ----- 5 MSB of Y Coordinate -----
Extra 1 1 X Y2 Y1 X2 X1
LOY 1 1 ----- 5 LSB of Y Coordinate -----
HIX 0 1 ----- 5 MSB of X Coordinate -----
LOX 1 0 ----- 5 LSB of X Coordinate -----
X = not used.
Page 145
Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
The extra byte is only used when forming 12 bit 4014
coordinates. In that case, the Y2 and Y1 bits become the LSB of
the Y coordinate and X2 and X1 become the LSB of the X
coordinate.
Note: MSB means Most Significant or Leftmost bits and LSB
means Least Significant or Rightmost bits.
All five bytes do not need to be sent for each new
coordinate. PC-VT remembers certain bytes. If those bytes do not
change, they do not have to be transmitted. Coordinate addresses
may be shortened as follows:
Bytes which Bytes which must be sent
change HIY Extra LOY HIX LOX
Hi Y # #
Extra # # #
Lo Y # #
Hi X # # #
Lo X #
The LOX byte must always be transmitted. As soon as PC-VT
receives the LOX byte, it plots the point.
Here is an example of a typical move and draw sequence:
ASCII Binary Command
GS (1Dh) X 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 enter Graph mode
First set of coordinates : move to (0,0)
Space (20h) X 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 HIY = 00000
` (60h) X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 LOY = 00000
Space (20h) X 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 HIX = 00000
@ (40h) X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 LOX = 00000
Second set of coordinates : draw to (512,512)
0 (30h) X 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 HIY = 10000
` (60h) X 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 LOY = 00000
0 (30h) X 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 HIX = 10000
@ (40h) X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 LOX = 00000
US (1Fh) X 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 enter Alpha mode
X = parity bit - don't care)
ASCII codes from 0 to 31 are control characters. PC-VT
responds to these characters as listed in the following table.
Name Code Function
Page 146
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
NUL 0 Ignored.
SOH 1 Ignored.
STX 2 Ignored.
ETX 3 Ignored.
EOT 4 Ignored.
ENQ 5 Ignored.
ACK 6 Ignored.
BEL 7 Causes PC-VT to beep the IBM PC speaker.
BS 8 Ignored.
HT 9 Ignored.
LF 10 Ignored.
VT 11 Ignored.
FF 12 Ignored.
CR 13 Set Alpha mode.The cursor is moved
back to the left margin.
SO 14 Ignored.
SI 15 Ignored.
DLE 16 Ignored.
XON 16 Restart transmission, if stopped.
DC2 18 Ignored.
XOFF 19 Stop transmission until XON is received.
DC4 20 Ignored.
NAK 21 Ignored.
SYN 22 Ignored.
ETB 23 Ignored.
CAN 24 Ignored.
EM 25 Ignored.
SUB 26 Ignored.
ESC 27 Sets LCE mode.
FS 28 Sets Point Plot mode.
GS 29 Do a dark (invisible) vector.
RS 30 Sets Incremental Plot mode.
US 31 Set Alpha mode.
ASCII codes 32(" ") thru 63("?") are taken as either HIGH
X or HIGH Y graph coordinates.
ASCII codes 64("@") thru 95("_") are taken as LOW X graph
coordinates.
ASCII codes 96("`") thru 126("~") are taken as LOY graph
coordinates.
ASCII code 127(DEL) is taken as either a LOY graph
coordinate or is ignored depending on the setting the LOY option
in the SETUP B frame.
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Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
Point Plot Mode
Point plot mode is a submode of Graph mode. All
characters are interpreted exactly the same as Graph mode. This
only difference, is that instead of drawing a vector, PC-VT only
displays the end points.
Use the following command to enter Point Plot mode:
FS Enter Point Plot mode with the beam position at
the lower left corner of the current Alpha cursor
position.
Incremental Plot Mode
Incremental plot mode is a submode of Graph mode. The
control characters 0 to 31 are handled as in Graph mode. In this
mode, the drawing beam can be directly controlled. Received
characters shown below cause the beam to move in one Tekpoint
increments. Since each dot on the PC's screen may cover several
Tekpoints, it may take several movement commands to actually show
a movement on the screen.
Use the following command to enter Incremental Plot mode:
RS Enter Incremental Plot mode with the beam position
at the lower left corner of the current Alpha
cursor position.
Other characters are interpreted as follows:
Character Function
space Turns beam off
A Move beam one Tekpoint east
B Move beam one Tekpoint west
D Move beam one Tekpoint north
E Move beam one Tekpoint northeast
F Move beam one Tekpoint northwest
H Move beam one Tekpoint south
I Move beam one Tekpoint southeast
J Move beam one Tekpoint southwest
P Turns beam on
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Special Point Plot Mode
Special Point Plot mode functions just like Point Plot
mode except that the first character in the point coordinate is
an intensity level. PC-VT supports only 0 and 100% intensity. The
"@" character indicates zero intensity (or beam off) and all
other valid 4014 intensity codes produce 100% intensity.
Use the following command to enter Special Point Plot
mode:
ESC FS Enter Special Point Plot mode with the beam
position at the lower left corner of the current
Alpha cursor position.
The beam intensity set by this command remains unchanged
if you switch to Point Plot or Incremental Point Plot modes or if
you switch back into Special Point Plot mode.
Exiting Graph mode
There are several ways to exit Graph mode and enter Alpha
mode. The character which you use determines the action taken:
ESC FF Erases the screen and moves the cursor to the home
position.
CR Moves the cursor to the left margin in the current
line.
US Leaves the cursor at its current position.
ESC SUB Switches to GIN mode and displays the crosshair
cursor.
FS Switches to Point Plot mode.
F.3 Bypass/GIN Mode
Use the following command to enter Bypass/GIN mode:
ESC SUB Enter Bypass/GIN mode with the crosshair displayed
at the last graph coordinate.
In Bypass/GIN mode, the host has requested coordinate
information from PC-VT. PC-VT displays a crosshair pointer. You
can move the pointer with the keypad arrow keys. You can
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Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
terminate GIN mode by pressing any ASCII key or the host can
terminate it by sending ESC ENQ. In both cases, PC-VT sends the
current pointer position to the host. The format of this
transmission is described in Appendix G.
ASCII codes from 0 to 31 are control characters. PC-VT
responds to these characters as listed in the following table.
Name Code Function
NUL 0 Ignored.
SOH 1 Ignored.
STX 2 Ignored.
ETX 3 Ignored.
EOT 4 Ignored.
ENQ 5 Ignored.
ACK 6 Ignored.
BEL 7 Causes PC-VT to beep the IBM PC speaker.
BS 8 Ignored.
HT 9 Ignored.
LF 10 Causes the cursor to move down one
line in the current column. If the
cursor moves below the screen output
area, the lines above the cursor move up
one line, and a blank line is added to
the bottom of the screen. The operation
of this key is modified by the LF Effect
feature selected in SETUP B.
VT 11 Ignored.
FF 12 Ignored.
CR 13 Sets Alpha mode and moves the cursor
back to the left margin.
SO 14 Ignored.
SI 15 Ignored.
DLE 16 Ignored.
XON 16 Restarts transmission, if stopped.
DC2 18 Ignored.
XOFF 19 Stops transmission until XON is received.
DC4 20 Ignored.
NAK 21 Ignored.
SYN 22 Ignored.
ETB 23 Ignored.
CAN 24 Ignored.
EM 25 Ignored.
SUB 26 Ignored.
ESC 27 Sets LCE mode.
FS 28 Sets Point Plot mode.
GS 29 Sets Graph mode and does a dark
(invisible) vector.
RS 30 Sets Incremental Plot mode.
US 31 Set Alpha mode.
ASCII codes 32(" ") thru 127(DEL) are ignored.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
F.4 LCE Mode
LCE mode arms PC-VT to receive a special control
character. This is similar to, bu simpler than, the VT100 escape
sequences.
ASCII codes from 0 to 31 are control characters. PC-VT
responds to these characters as listed in the following table.
Name Code Function
NUL 0 Remain in LCE mode.
SOH 1 Ignored.
STX 2 Ignored.
ETX 3 Ignored.
EOT 4 Ignored.
ENQ 5 Returns terminal status.
ACK 6 Ignored.
BEL 7 Causes PC-VT to beep the IBM PC speaker.
BS 8 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor one space
right. If the cursor is already in the
rightmost column, this character is
ignored.
HT 9 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor one space
left. If the cursor is already in the
leftmost column, HT causes an automatic
linefeed and carriage return.
LF 10 Remains in LCE mode. Causes LF to be
ignored
until an invalid control character or
BEL is received.
VT 11 Causes the cursor to move up one
line in the current column. If the cursor
is in the top line, VT wraps to the
bottom line.
FF 12 Erases Screen and Homes cursor. (PAGE)
CR 13 Remains in LCE mode. Causes CR to be
ignored
until an invalid control character or
BEL is received.
SO 14 Ignored.
SI 15 Ignored.
DLE 16 Ignored.
DC1 17 Ignored.
DC2 18 Rings bell and waits for the user to
press any ASCII key.
DC3 19 Ignored.
DC4 20 Returns to VT100 emulator mode.
NAK 21 Ignored.
SYN 22 Ignored.
ETB 23 Makes a hardcopy of the screen on
the attached printer.
CAN 24 Sets Bypass mode.
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Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
EM 25 Ignored.
SUB 26 Sets Bypass/GIN mode.
ESC 27 Remains in LCE mode.
FS 28 Sets Special Point Plot mode.
GS 29 Sets Graph mode to do a dark
(invisible) vector.
RS 30 Sets Incremental Plot mode.
US 31 Sets Alpha mode.
ASCII codes 32(" ") thru 55("7") are ignored.
ASCII codes 56("8") thru 59(";") select character sizes.
PC-VT supports two character sizes when using the IBM CGA (the
standard 25 line by 80 column set and a 33 line by 106 column
set) and two character sizes when using the Everex Edge or
Hercules card (these are 43 lines by 90 columns and 58 lines by
120 columns generated by PC-VT software). The selection is as
follows:
Set ASCII code IBM CGA Everex or Hercules #1
56("8") 25 by 80 43 by 90 (default) #2
57("9") 25 by 80 43 by 90 #3
58(":") 33 by 106 58 by 120 Capital Letters
#4 59(";") 33 by 106 58 by 120 Capital Letters
ASCII codes 60("<") thru 62(">") are ignored.
ASCII code 63("?") is interpreted as a LOY code if the
LOY option is reset in the SETUP B frame.
ASCII codes 64("@") thru 95("_") are ignored.
ASCII codes 96("`") thru 119("w") set drawing modes
depending on their bit patterns as follows:
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
bit 7 is always off
0
bits 6 and 5 are always on
11
bits 4 and 3 specify beam mode:
00 Focused
01 Defocused (not supported)
10 Write-Thru
11 not used
bits 2, 1, and 0 specify the beam form:
000 Solid
001 Dotted
010 Dot-Dashed
011 Short-Dashed
100 Long-Dash
101 Solid
110 Solid
111 Solid
Defocused drawing mode is not supported and if received
results in normal vectors. Write-Thru mode is simulated by
writing to the screen in Exclusive-OR mode. That is, each time
that a Write-Thru vector is received, the vector drawn is
alternately drawn and then erased. This appears to the user as a
blinking vector. As long as an even number of draws occur, the
vector is erased at the end. You can also use this for any
general type of drawing where exclusive-or is required.
Note : exclusive-or means that the point which you are
drawing is drawn only if it is different from the current value
(ON or OFF) of the point on the screen.
Some typical sequences to select drawing modes are:
ESC ` Focused Solid
ESC a Focused Dotted
ESC b Focused Dot-Dashed
ESC c Focused Short-Dashed
ESC d Focused Long-Dashed
ESC p Write-thru Solid
ESC q Write-thru Dotted
ESC r Write-thru Dot-Dashed
ESC s Write-thru Short-Dashed
ESC t Write-thru Long-Dashed
ASCII codes 120("x") thru 126("~") are ignored.
ASCII code 127(DEL) causes the emulator to remain in LCE
mode.
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Appendix F PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix G
4014 Received Escape Sequences
PC-VT constantly monitors the communications line for
these incoming escape sequences. When they are received, PC-VT
performs the function as shown. The escape character and the
characters which follow it and are part of the sequence are not
displayed. When receiving (downloading) an ASCII file, PC-VT
copies these characters to the PC disk file being created. The
escape character is shown below as "ESC" and is the ASCII
character with the value of 27.
ESC SO Not supported.
ESC SI Not supported.
ESC ENQ Report Terminal Status. See Appendix H for
definition of the response.
ESC ETB Hardcopy. The screen is copied to the attached
printer. LPT1 or LPT2 can be selected in the SETUP
B frame. The IBM supplied program GRAPHICS.COM
must have been run before you start up PC-VT in
order for the Hardcopy command to work.
ESC CAN Sets Bypass condition. PC-VT does not respond to
any data echoed back from the host.
ESC FF Selects Alpha mode, erases the screen, homes the
cursor and clears Bypass condition.
ESC SUB Sets GIN mode. A crosshair pointer is displayed.
You can position it and cause PC-VT to send the
coordinates of that position to the host. The
Appendix H shows the format of the coordinates
sent to the host.
ESC FS Sets Point Plot mode.
ESC CR Disables response to carriage return until BEL or
an invalid control code is received.
ESC LF Disables response to linefeed until BEL or an
invalid control code is received.
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Appendix G PC-VT v10.0
ESC DEL, ESC NUL, ESC CR, ESC LF, ESC ESC
These five sequences set LCE mode. In addition,
ESC CR and ESC LF affect PC-VT response to
carriage return and linefeed.
ESC ? 4014 terminals have a "DEL implies LOY" option
which is supported in SETUP B in PC-VT. This
option allows the DEL control character to be a
LOY value in coordinate specifications. Since this
usage may conflict with some operating system's
usage of DEL, 4014 mode accepts this escape
sequence as a substitute for the LOY coordinate
value of DEL.
ESC BEL, ESC BS, ESC HT, ESC VT, ESC GS, ESC RS, ESC US
These sequences perform the same function as the
second character without the escape character.
ESC DC2 This special escape sequence was added in PC-VT.
Upon receipt, PC-VT sounds the PC's bell and then
waits for the user to press any ASCII key. This
pause can also be done using the standard 4014
commands by going back into Alpha mode and reading
the keyboard. This method is useful if you are
drawing a sequence of graphs which the user is
capturing for later review. When the user is
viewing graphs using the =v option of Transmit
File, this sequence is the only way to have PC-VT
automatically pause between graphs.
ESC DC4 This special escape sequence was added in PC-VT.
Upon receipt, PC-VT switches back into VT100
emulator mode.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix H
4014 Responses to Escape Sequences
PC-VT responds to several control characters and escape
sequences. All sequences which return graphics coordinates always
return 10 bit coordinates in the range of 0 to 1023 Tekpoints
even if the host has been sending 12 bit coordinates.
Elicitor Response
ESC ENQ
Creates one of these GIN mode situations:
GIN Mode 1 - Alpha Cursor / Graph Beam Position Report
1. Causes terminal status and coordinates of lower left corner of
the Alpha cursor to be sent to the computer if received while the
terminal is in Alpha mode. Emulator remains in Alpha mode.
Byte 1 X 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Terminal status byte
Byte 2 X 0 1 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 HIX
Byte 3 X 0 1 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 LOX
Byte 4 X 0 1 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 HIY
Byte 5 X 0 1 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 LOY
Byte 6 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 CR (if selected by option)
2. Causes terminal status and coordinates of the display beam to
be sent to the host if received while in Graph mode. Emulator
remains in Graph mode.
Byte 1 X 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 Terminal status byte
Byte 2 X 0 1 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 HIX
Byte 3 X 0 1 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 LOX
Byte 4 X 0 1 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 HIY
Byte 5 X 0 1 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 LOY
Byte 6 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 CR (if selected by option)
PC-VT follows the cursor or beam position with the GIN terminator
selected the SETUP B frame then return to Graph mode. Polling the
terminal with ESC ENQ immediately following a hard copy request
results in a terminal response after copying is completed.
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Appendix H PC-VT v10.0
Where the terminal status byte is:
Bit Default Meaning
Alpha Graph
7 0 0 none but must be 0
6 0 0 none but must be 0
5 1 1 none but must be 1
4 0 0 0 indicates hardcopy unit is available
3 0 1 0=Alpha mode, 1=Graph mode is in effect
2 0 0 0 indicates Graph mode exists
1 0 0 0 indicates Margin 1 is in effect
0 1 1 0 indicates an auxiliary unit is
connected
GIN Mode 2 - Immediate position report of crosshair pointer
Requires an ESC SUB first to display the crosshair pointer in
Graph mode then a ESC ENQ. Sends the current position of the
crosshair pointer. In this case, return to Alpha mode after
transmission.
Send:
Byte 1 X 0 1 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 HIX
Byte 2 X 0 1 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 LOX
Byte 3 X 0 1 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 HIY
Byte 4 X 0 1 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 LOY
Byte 5 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 CR (if selected by option)
Elicitor Response ESC SUB
GIN Mode 3 - Interactive pointer position reporting
ESC SUB displays the crosshair pointer in Graph mode. Hitting any
keypad arrow key causes the pointer to move. Hitting any ASCII
key causes the program to send the following :
1. the ASCII code of the key pressed,
2. the current position of the crosshair pointer, and
3. GIN terminator as selected in the SETUP B frame.
In this case, PC-VT returns to Alpha mode after transmission.
Send:
Byte 1 X X X X X X X X Key Pressed
Byte 2 X 0 1 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 HI X
Byte 3 X 0 1 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 LO X
Byte 4 X 0 1 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 HI Y
Byte 5 X 0 1 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 LO Y
Byte 6 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 CR (if selected by option)
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Page 159
Appendix I PC-VT v10.0
This mode is also ended by receipt of a CR, ESC FF,or ESC ENQ
from the host or if the user presses the keyboard PAGE key or
RESET key.
Appendix I
4014 Special Shift, ALT and CTRL Key Definitions
In 4014 mode, PC-VT uses ALT-F to startup the PC-DOS
command processor, ALT-Z to send a hangup command to the modem,
and ALT-H to start the HELP facility.
Additionally, several special Shift, ALT and CTRL key
commands are available to the user of PC-VT. They were
implemented to aid in the debug of this program. Most of these
are useful only under very special circumstances but some may be
of general use. To use these commands, hold down the Shift, ALT
or CTRL key and at the same time depress the key listed. They
work only in the 4014 communications frame. Other than the above
mentioned keys, no claims or guarantees are made about these keys
and you use them at your own risk.
ALT Key plus Function
E Sets local echo on.
Y Sets Point Plot mode.
U Sets LCE mode.
I Sets Special Point Plot mode.
O Sets Graph mode.
P Sends a formfeed character to the attached
printer.
F Starts up a second copy of COMMAND.COM.
G Sets Bypass/GIN mode.
H Starts up the HELP facility.
J Terminates Graph mode and goes to Alpha mode.
K Starts up the KERMIT file transfer program.
L Sends cursor position report.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Z Hangs up the phone with a Hayes compatible hangup
sequence.
V Returns to VT100 emulator mode. Same effect as
pressing the F1 key.
B Sets Incremental Plot mode.
N Sets Alpha mode.
M Terminates Graph mode and sets Alpha mode.
CTRL Key plus Function
@ Sends an ASCII 0 (NUL) character to the host.
Shift Key plus Function
F1 Sets drawing mode to solid.
F2 Sets drawing mode to dotted.
F3 Sets drawing mode to dot-dashed.
F4 Sets drawing mode to short-dash.
F5 Sets drawing mode to long-dash.
F6 Sets #1 character set.
F7 Sets #2 character set.
F8 Sets #3 character set.
F9 Sets #4 character set.
Page 161
Appendix I PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix J
PC-VT Technical Details
This appendix describes some of the details of the
implementation of PC-VT for the user who wishes to interface to
the program in some non-standard way.
PC-VT has been tested on DOS 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, and 3.1 on
the IBM PC, the IBM PCXT, the IBM PCAT and the IBM PCjr. PC-VT
has not been tested on any compatible nor has it been tested on
any system with DOS "patches" or auxiliary programs. It does not
operate with DOS 1.0 or 1.1.
J.1 Details
BIOS and DOS Calls Used
In general, PC-VT uses BIOS calls instead of DOS calls
where ever possible. BIOS calls used by PC-VT:
10H to handle the display of characters and control
sequences while communicating with the host.
11H to determine the type of monitor on the system
and to determine if a line printer is present.
14H to initialize the COM port.
16H to do keyboard input and to look at the
CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK, and SCROLL LOCK key
status.
17H to get the printer status and to print
characters.
1AH to read the binary time of day clock.
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
DOS calls used by PC-VT:
21H the general DOS utility call with AH equal to
09H to display error messages on the screen.
19H to get the current default drive.
1AH to set Disk Transfer Addresses.
25H to set the interrupt vectors for the
COM port, the critical error handler
and the CTRL-BREAK key.
2CH to get the time of day.
2EH to set VERIFY on.
30H to determine the DOS version number.
33H to set/clear BREAK checking.
3CH to create a file with a path name.
3DH to open a file with a path name.
3EH to close a file with a path name.
3FH to read from a file with a path name.
40H to write to a file with a path name.
41H to delete a file with a path name.
47H to get the current default directory.
48H to allocate memory for HELP and screen
saving.
4BH to start up COMMAND.COM and KERMIT.COM.
4EH to check for the presence of a file
with a path name.
54H to determine the state of the VERIFY
switch.
23H to terminate the program and restore the
CTRL-BREAK address in DOS. This is the "normal"
way to terminate PC-VT.
An error in either DOS or the BIOS code causes a problem
with the cursor. When PC-VT starts, it cannot ascertain the shape
of the cursor due to this error. Although PC-VT is able to use
either the underline or block cursor, it may not be able to reset
the cursor to the original size upon exit. This will work
correctly when IBM corrects the problem.
PC-VT does not "look" into DOS directly for any reason
with the exception of finding the COM1 and COM2 port address. PC-
VT should be compatible with all future releases of DOS.
COM Port Usage
In order to get the highest speed out of the RS-232
ports, PC-VT does direct input/output to those ports. PC-VT uses
I/O addresses starting at 3F8H for COM 1 and at 2F8H for COM2.
PC-VT gets these addresses from DOS by looking at the two words
starting at address 400 (segmented address 40:0) for the starting
port addresses for COM1 and COM2 respectively.Note that the IBM
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
PCjr does not assign COM ports like the PC. PC-VT has to do a
little special work but it keeps them straight (jr switches the
addresses if the internal modem is installed).
PC-VT sends a BREAK to the host by setting bit 6 of the
RS-232 Port's Line Control Register for at least one-half second.
The bit is then cleared.
PC-VT handles ASCII characters for codes greater than
127.This works only when the COM port is initialized for 8 bits
of data transfer. If a code greater than 127 is received, PC-VT
can display the character defined in the IBM documentation. In
this way, PC-VT is compatible with RBBS systems using these
extended characters while maintaining compatibility with VT
terminals. The "256 char" bit must be set in the SETUP frame for
these extended characters to be displayed. Some hosts don't strip
this 8th bit even when communicating with plain ASCII. This
causes some unusual behavior. Be careful when you use this
feature.
PC-VT also does direct I/O to the 8259 Programmable
Interrupt Controller (PIC). It uses port address 21H for reading
the interrupt source and address 20H for clearing that interrupt.
Modem Usage
If you use an external modem or a direct connect, PC-VT
does not require that all 25 lines of the DB-25 connector on the
COM port be connected.
Actually, only pin 2 (transmit data), pin 3 (receive
data), and pin 7 (signal ground) need be connected. PC-VT does
not use Clear to Send (CTS), Data Set Ready (DSR) or any other
modem status line. This is the FDX A mode of VT100 operation.
Since some modems require a basic handshake with the COM port,
PC-VT sends Data Terminal Ready (DTR) and Ready to Send (RTS) out
of the COM port. These 2 lines are not cleared when you terminate
PC-VT, permitting the connection to be maintained while you go
back to DOS by terminating PC-VT. A better way to get into DOS is
to use the ALT-F key - this method keeps the communications
buffer actively monitoring the line. Be careful because this
means that the phone does not hang up automatically when you
terminate PC-VT. If you have a Hayes compatible modem, you should
use the F5 function of the DIALING frame or ALT-Z from the
communications frame to be sure. If your modem is manual, then
you must physically hang up the phone.
Some installations require that the terminal drop DTR as
a break signal to the host. PC-VT toggles the state of the DTR
line when you press F2. It is initially set to a 1. The first
Page 165
Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
press of F2 clears it to a 0 and the next press sets it back to a
1.
Receive parity checking, if set, checks not only receive
parity but also data overrun and framing errors. PC-VT puts a '!'
in the buffer when a character with bad parity is received.
Parity checking is normally off and can be enabled in the SETUP B
frame.
Communications Buffer
The communications buffer in PC-VT is 2048 bytes long.To
prevent buffer overflow, the XON/XOFF support sends XOFF when
1536 characters are in the buffer (the 75% point of the buffer).
Then, XON is sent when the buffer backlog is reduced to 204
characters (the 10% point of the buffer). If the host ignores the
XOFF character transmitted, PC-VT displays a '#'character when
the buffer overflows. All characters received while the buffer is
in the overflow condition are discarded.
The buffer size can be reduced to 256 bytes by a
selection in the SETUP B frame. See the index for "Buffer Size".
The smaller buffer gives you faster response to CTRL-C, CTRL-O
and CTRL-Y but some programs which do not handle XON/XOFF may not
work as well.
VMS 4.0
Some users of PC-VT have reported problems with XMODEM
under VMS version 4.0. Due to some change made by DEC in that
release, an additional parameter must be set using the VMS SET
TERM command. For each TT line that to be used with PC-VT, you
must permanently set the Alternate Type Ahead Buffer.
The VMS command to do this is:
SET TERM /PERM/ALTYPEAHD
This specification takes effect at your next log in. This
command may have to be performed by your VMS system programmers.
Contact your DEC representative for more information.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
"Snow" or Fast Screen Update
PC-VT can use a "snow" screen update with the color
graphics adapter. Normally, when you do a screen output to the
color graphics adapter, the BIOS waits for the raster retrace
before writing into the video memory. This would severely limit
the baud rate to about 4800 baud. If you select the "snow" update
option on the SETUP B frame, PC-VT writes directly into video
memory without waiting for the retrace time. This causes
conflicts between the hardware reading the video memory in order
to display its contents and the writing of new data into the
memory. The conflict appears as small white dots all over the
screen. This is "snow". With this feature on, PC-VT handles 9600
baud. This is not an issue with the IBM Monochrome adapter and
Display as that video memory is dual-ported and can be read and
written at the same time. PC-VT handles 9600 baud with the IBM
Monochrome adapter.
If you don't like the snow update feature but would still
like PC-VT to use direct memory access (DMA) when saving and
restoring frames and when switching to reverse video, you can
select the DMA option in the SETUP B frame. With this selected,
normal output to the screen be snow-free. This was a compromise
between full snow update and none at all.
XMODEM
With XMODEM file transfer with CRC checking, PC-VT has
made a commitment to accurate file transfer. In support of this,
PC-VT sets the VERIFY switch on during its run. The VERIFY switch
is restored to its initial value when PC-VT terminates.
When running XMODEM, PC-VT automatically changes the
communications to 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if
you are not already set at that protocol. PC-VT then restores the
protocol to your value when the XMODEM transfer is complete.
Public domain programs are available with the XMODEM
program written for the VAX running VMS and the VAX running 4.2
UNIX. Check with your local computer club.
PCjr
A comment on the operation of PC-VT on the IBM PCjr:
There are some hardware differences which you should be aware of.
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
If you are using the PCjr internal modem for XMODEM data
transfer, don't forget that you must set the modem with a "^NF 4"
command. When the PCjr is doing a disk access, all other
interrupts are turned off. This means that if data comes down the
communications line, it is lost. For this reason, using ASCII
file transfer for receiving a file is not recommended. Use
XMODEM. If you must receive a file using ASCII, PC-VT sends an
XOFF while the PCjr is writing to disk and sends an XON once the
machine is ready to process interrupts again. Sending a file
using the ASCII file transfer method works ok. The dialer works
fine if you change the modem dialing command from ATDT to the
characters required by the PCjr modem (you need the PCjr
Technical Reference Manual to completely understand the PCjr's
modem).
One other problem that some users have with PC-VT running
on the PCjr is with the F8, F9, and F10 keys. All of the other
function keys work ok on the PCjr, and of course they all work ok
on the PC and the AT. The problem is that when you want to do
something like call up the DIALING frame, you have to press CTRL-
F9. Some PCjr's ignore this key because BIOS never even sends the
program an interrupt when you have pressed the key. If you have
one of these PCjrs, you have one alternative. You use the
Function Shift feature of the PCjr described on page 5-35 of the
PCjr Technical Reference Manual:
"Function Lock
Concurrently pressing first the Fn key and Shift key,
and then pressing the Esc key causes keys 2 thru 11 to
shift to their 'Function' states and remain there until
the same combination is pressed again."
When IBM refers to keys 2 thru 11 they mean the number
keys on the top row of the keyboard: 1 thru 0. To get CTRL-F8, go
into the 'Function Lock' mode, then press the Ctrl key and the 8
key and then go back out of 'Function Lock' mode.
There are three alternate keys which you can use instead
of CTRL-F8,9,and 10.
Instead of: Use: CTRL-F8
ALT-C CTRL-F9
ALT-V CTRL-F10
ALT-O
J.2 HELP Customization
The HELP file is a text file which PC-VT reads into a
segment of dynamically allocated memory when the user first
presses ALT-H. Subsequent presses of the HELP key does not do
disk reads. HELP is context sensitive; that is, the HELP you get
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
is related to the part of PC-VT which you are currently
executing.
The text file can be thought of as broken down into
pages. The pages have a subject number assigned to them. When you
ask for HELP in PC-VT, a subject number is passed to the HELP
program. HELP then displays the pages which provide HELP on the
subject. The subject numbers are:
'0' display this page always
'1' VMS specific page from Main Program
'2' UNIX specific page from Main Program
'3' PC-VT Main Program specific page
'4' SETUP A specific page
'5' DIALER specific page
'6' MACRO specific page
'7' SETUP B specific page
'8' 4014 specific page
The dollar sign character (ASCII 36) is the page break.
It is followed by the subject number. Therefore, the dollar sign
cannot appear in any of the HELP text. There should be a CTRL-Z
at the end of the file.
Each time that the user presses PgUp or PgDn, the HELP
information is scrolled either one page back or one page forward.
Pressing the Esc key returns you to whatever frame was displayed
when you first asked for HELP.
The HELP information displays with bold, blinking,
reverse video and underline attributes. If for any reason, you
want to change them, here is how they are coded in the HELP.DAT
file.
The true video attribute is actually put into the file
preceded by a CTRL-Backspace character. The attributes are:
Normal Intensified Blinking Intensified
& Blinking
White on Black 07h CTRL-G 0Fh CTRL-O 87h ALT-135 8Fh ALT-143
Underline 01h CTRL-A 09h CTRL-I 81h ALT-130 89h ALT-137
Black on White 70h P 78h x F0h ALT-240 F8h ALT-248
So to get a normal video (white on black) blink, put a
CTRL-Backspace followed by an 87h into the file. The ALT codes
are generated by holding down the ALT key and pressing the three
digit keys on the keypad. Depending on which text editor you use,
you may have to enter these codes in different ways.
So whenever PC-VT sees a CTRL-Backspace (ASCII 127 or
FFH) in the file, it reads the next character and uses that
character as the attribute on the call to BIOS via interrupt 10h.
It uses that attribute until you change it to some other value.
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
So if you want regular white on black again, enter a CTRL-
Backspace followed by a CTRL-G. With this, you can add color to
the HELP screens also.
Of course, you use this at your own risk - its
complicated.
J.3 Miscellaneous
Since the IBM PC does not have some of the special
character and line drawing set characters, PC-VT makes use of the
best available representation. See the description for the "ESC )
0" sequence for the list of the selected representation.
The NUM LOCK key acts per the IBM documentation.
Undefined or illegal escape control sequences are
ignored.
PC-VT controls the speaker to cause it to beep by doing
direct I/O to addresses 42H,43H, and 61H.
The printer serves as a capture device only. Escape
sequences are not sent to the printer. This is different than the
VT100 attached printer. PC-VT has a speical sequence to send
control characters to the printer, look at the section below
titled "Printer Support".
The ALT-F key calls up another copy of COMMAND.COM
leaving PC-VT in memory and asleep. The memory remains occupied
and the interrupt driven communications buffer remains active so
that any characters which come down the line are buffered. Once
you get the new DOS prompt, you can do almost anything that you
can do from the regular DOS prompt. When you wish to return to
PC-VT, simply type the word: exit. PC-VT awakens and restores the
screen. Any characters which have come down the communications
line while DOS was running are displayed but only if you did not
run a communications program using the same COM port while you
were in DOS.
In case the user executed a "BREAK ON" command, PC-VT
resets BREAK checking while it is running and restores the
checking, if necessary, as it terminates.
PC-VT uses dynamic memory when possible. The program
permanently occupies about 58K bytes. For HELP, PC-VT grabs about
23K bytes via DOS call 48H. If the memory is not available, the
HELP key is ignored. When you request KERMIT, PC-VT starts up
another copy of COMMAND.COM and then EXECutes KERMIT.COM via DOS
call 4BH. COMMAND.COM uses about 5K and KERMIT uses about 83K. If
you have activated the Scroll Buffer, PC-VT allocates 32K for the
buffer. If it cannot get the memory, the SCROLL LOCK key just
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
┌──────────┐
│ │
│ │
│ KERMIT │
┌──────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ 83K │ ┌──────────┐
│ Scroll │ │ │ │ │
│ Buffer │ │ │ │ │
│ │ ├──────────┤ │ KERMIT │
│ 32K │ │ Command │ │ │
│ │ │ 5K │ │ 83K │
├──────────┤ ├──────────┤ │ │
│ HELP │ │ HELP │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├──────────┤
│ 23K │ │ 23K │ │ Command │
│ │ │ │ │ 5K │
┌──────────┐ ├──────────┤ ├──────────┤ ├──────────┤
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ PC-VT │ │ PC-VT │ │ PC-VT │ │ PC-VT │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ 58K │ │ 58K │ │ 58K │ │ 58K │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ DOS │
│ The amount of memory used by DOS │
│ depends on its version and RAM resident software. │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Figure J.1 PC-VT Memory Configuration
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
functions as a scroll lock and does not give you recall ability.
By implementing PC-VT in this manner, it runs on machines with
small memory sizes but if more memory is available, PC-VT makes
full use of it.
Figure J.1 shows a few of the memory configurations which
PC-VT can set up.
PC-VT has a switch in the SETUP frame which lets you
select either a VMS host or a UNIX host. If VMS is selected, PC-
VT sets up the editing keypad and function keys for either the
EDT or EVE editor and uses CTRL-Z as the End of File character.
When the UNIX mode is selected, PC-VT sets up the editing keypad
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
for the VI editor and uses CTRL-D as the End of File indicator to
the host.
The color graphics adapter does not handle underlined
characters. Since the VT100 has an attribute for underline, PC-VT
handles this in a special way. On the color graphics adapter, PC-
VT displays underlined text as bold or bold/blinking selectable
from the SETUP B frame. The IBM Monochrome Display can display
the underline attribute.
Auto repeat is handled by the keyboard. PC-VT
approximates the repeat off mode by clearing the keyboard buffer
on the receipt of the auto repeat off escape sequence and by
clearing the keyboard buffer after reading each character. Repeat
on mode is left entirely to the keyboard and the BIOS.
J.4 DESQview and TopView
PC-VT is compatible with both DESQview and TopView. PC-VT
normally runs in the foreground only. By resetting certain
features in the SETUP B frame, PC-VT also runs in the background.
Running PC-VT in the background lets you upload and download
files while you are doing other work. If you set up PC-VT to run
in the background, it runs a little slower when you run it in the
foreground and some features are not be available.
DESQview
The minimum memory size is 58K. In order to use HELP, set
the memory to 81K. To use the Scroll Buffer, increase that by
32K. Under DESQview, KERMIT and the second copy of COMMAND.COM
should be run as separate programs and not from PC-VT. To use the
4014 emulator, the program must be set up to run in the
foreground only.
For DESQview, in order to run PC-VT in either the
foreground or the background,:
- Set window position to 0,0,25,80,
- In the options list, set only the "close on exit to DOS"
option.
In PC-VT's SETUP B frame, turn Fast Screen, DMA, and
Scroll Buffer off by setting their feature selection bits to
zero.
To run PC-VT in the foreground only,:
- Set window position to 0,0,25,80,
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
- In the options list, set the "write directly to screen"
option and
any others that you wish.
In PC-VT's SETUP B frame, you can select any options that
you wish including Fast Screen, DMA, and Scroll Buffer. PC-VT
suspends when you switch to another program but the
communications line interrupt handler still buffers any incoming
characters.
TopView
The minimum memory size is 58K. In order to use HELP, set
the maximum size to 81K. To use the Scroll Buffer, increase the
maximum by 32K. Under TopView, KERMIT and the second copy of
COMMAND.COM should be run as separate programs and not from PC-
VT. To use the 4014 emulator, the program must be set up to run
in the foreground only.
For TopView, in order to run PC-VT in either the
foreground or the background:
Set screen type to D,
Set window size to 25 rows and 80 columns,
Set pages to 1,
Set offsets to 0,0,
Set range of software interrupt vectors swapped to 0B low and 24
high, and
Answer n to the last four questions.
In PC-VT's SETUP B frame, turn Fast Screen, DMA, and
Scroll Buffer off by setting their feature selection bits to
zero.
To run PC-VT in the foreground only:
Set screen type to D,
Set window size to 25 rows and 80 columns,
Set pages to 1,
Set offsets to 0,0,
Set range of software interrupt vectors swapped to 0B low and 24
high,
Answer y to the question about writing directly to the screen,
and
Answer n to the last three questions.
In PC-VT's SETUP B frame, you can select any options that
you wish including Fast Screen, DMA, and Scroll Buffer. PC-VT
suspends when you switch to another program but the
communications line interrupt handler still buffers any incoming
characters.
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J.5 PC-VT Private Escape Sequences
For those of you into such things, PC-VT contains several
private escape sequences which cause it to do a few things which
normally can only be done by pressing keys on the keyboard (i.e.
done by the user of the program). The distribution diskette
contains several *.COM files which use some of these sequences
and are provided as examples of this technique.
Automatic File Upload and Download
First are two private sequences which perform the same
effect as if the user had pressed:
CTRL-F3 Receive File ESC [ ? 2 1 h
CTRL-F4 Transmit File ESC [ ? 2 2 h
These would be useful in some programed file transfer
routine which the user would only have to respond to a program
running on the host. It would send down the escape sequence
without the user having to concern himself with it.
Any error condition which results from these commands can
be accessed with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" report sequence described in
more detail below.
Sending a Carriage Return
This private sequence, causes PC-VT to send a carriage
return (ASCII 13) to the host.
Send CR ESC [ ? 2 3 h
Filename Download from the Host
and
The Prearm Buffer
Another pair of escape codes does something a little more
complicated. When you start a file transfer, PC-VT always asks
the user to type in the PC's filename. With these two sequences,
you a can set up PC-VT with a filename from the host. Then when a
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
file transfer is started, PC-VT pulls this filename out and puts
it in the keyboard buffer just as if the user had typed it in.
Start the prearm buffer load with the sequence:
Start buffer ESC [ ? 2 4 h
Then send the filename with the "=a", "=A", "=x", "=c", "=t",
"=v", or "=k" on the end. Since PC-VT's file transfer mode can
default to a mode selected by the user, the host should ALWAYS
send down the mode after the equal sign. You may put a carriage
return at the end just as the user would type it in but it is not
required. The maximum buffer size is 80 characters including the
carriage return but DOS legal filenames are a maximum of 66
characters. Excess characters are ignored. You cannot download an
escape character into the buffer. Then end it with this:
End buffer ESC [ ? 2 4 l
Now if you send down a start file receive sequence:
Receive File ESC [ ? 2 1 h
PC-VT uses the filename which you sent. Since the buffer
is loaded with a filename, PC-VT won't prompt the user for the
filename. If the downloaded filename already exists on the PC,
PC-VT renames the file automatically in an attempt to find an
unused filename. PC-VT changes the last character of the filename
to the digits '0' through '9' in sequence, looking for an unused
name. If it finds one, it informs the user and continues with the
receive file command using that name. Otherwise it aborts the
transfer and either a CTRL-Y or CTRL-D character (depending on
Operating System selection) to the host followed by a CTRL-X.
On file transmit, if the requested file is not found, PC-
VT aborts the transfer and send either a CTRL-Y or CTRL-D
character (depending on Operating System selection) to the host
followed by a CTRL-X.
With this scheme, the user would not have to type in the
PC's filename. The host computer can send it down the line. You
can see that this can be useful for some type of batch
upload/download.
Here is what this might look like:
ESC [ ? 2 4 h a:FILENAME.TXT=x CR ESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 2 2 h
(spaces shown for clarity only) <now PC-VT transmits
the file a:FILENAME.TXT using the XMODEM protocol>
This sequence can be sent by the C language code:
printf("\033[?24h%s\r\033[?24l\n\033[?22h",filename);
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
If you are using KERMIT file transfer, you can load the
prearm buffer with a filename just as described above. PC-VT
constructs a command line which it passes to KERMIT. The command
line looks like:
rec filename : for download a file
send filename : for upload a file
KERMIT returns to PC-VT as soon as the command is complete.
In addition, you can load the prearm buffer with a
complete command line for KERMIT. To do this, send a pound sign
'#' down as the first character in the buffer and end the buffer
with '=k' as usual. PC-VT then starts up KERMIT and passes it the
prearm buffer minus the '#' and '=k'. For example, you may want
to start up KERMIT, have it display STATUS and then GET a
wildcarded filename. You can send:
ESC [ ? 2 4 h # status,get ab*.d* CR ESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 2 2 h
(spaces shown for clarity only except the one
between the "get" and the filename)
<now PC-VT starts up KERMIT and passes it that command line>
If you load PC-VT's prearm buffer with the string #=k,
KERMIT starts up in interactive mode.
To start Kermit from the host, send "ESC [ ? 2 2 l". This
way is a little quicker than loading the prearm buffer with '#=k'
as described above.
The attachment to this PC-VT document describing KERMIT,
shows all of the commands which KERMIT executes. The interface to
KERMIT is very general. When new versions of the program are
available from Columbia University, you can just replace the
version included on the PC-VT distribution diskette.
Any error condition which results from these commands can
be accessed with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" report sequence described in
more detail below.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Change Default Directory
This private sequence performs the same function as
pressing CTRL-F2:
Change Default Directory ESC [ ? 2 5 h
This causes PC-VT to ask for a new default disk directory. The
load prearm buffer sequence shown above can be used to set up PC-
VT with a directory name. If an error is encountered when you
download a directory name, the user is not informed but an error
code is available.
With this scheme, you do not have to type in the new
default directory. The host computer can send it down the line.
You can see that this can be useful for some type of batch
upload/download.
Here is what this might look like:
ESC [ ? 2 4 h a:\mydire\sub CR ESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 2 5 h
(spaces shown for clarity only)
<now PC-VT changes the default directory to a:\mydir\sub>
This sequence can be sent by the C language code:
printf("\033[?24h%s\r\033[?24l\n\033[?25h",directory);
Any error condition which results from this command can
be accessed with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" report sequence described in
more detail below.
Editor and OS Keyboard Support
These four escape sequences let the host select the mode
of keyboard support. Sending these sequences has the same effect
as if the user selected the corresponding options in the SETUP B
frame.
Select EVE Keypad Support ESC [ ? 2 8 h
Select EDT Keypad Support ESC [ ? 2 8 l
Select VMS O/S Support ESC [ ? 2 9 h
Select UNIX O/S Support ESC [ ? 2 9 l
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
Terminate PC-VT Remotely
You can cause PC-VT to terminate by sending
ESC [ ? 2 6 h
This is the same pressing CTRL-F8 on the keyboard.
Start Up Command.COM
You can cause PC-VT to start up another copy of
Command.COM by sending either:
ESC [ ? 2 7 h
or
ESC [ ? 2 7 l
This is the same as pressing ALT-F on the keyboard. If
Command.COM is started in this way, it runs interactively. You
must still type in the word "exit" to return to PC-VT.
The second escape sequence causes PC-VT to wait after
Command.COM has completed before the emulator starts up again.
The user is prompted to press a key to continue.
You can also load the prearm buffer with a DOS command to
be executed. Anything that you can normally type in at the DOS
prompt can be downloaded. In order for this to operate correctly,
you must begin the command with "/c". This is a requirement of
DOS. You can execute any DOS internal command like COPY or you
can execute a program like BASICA. DOS uses the current search
path to find the program.
Here is what this might look like:
ESC [ ? 2 4 h /cbasica myprog ESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 2 7 h
(spaces shown for clarity only except the
ones in the DOS command itself) <now PC-VT executes
the BASICA program named myprog>
or
ESC [ ? 2 4 h /ccopy a:\dir\dir2\file1.dat e:\ableESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 2 7 h
(spaces shown for clarity only except the
ones in the DOS command itself) <now PC-VT executes
DOS COPY command with the two files given>
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Any error condition which results from this command can
be accessed with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" report sequence described in
more detail below.
Starting Help Remotely
You can cause PC-VT to start up the HELP feature by
sending:
ESC [ ? 2 6 l
This is the same as pressing ALT-H on the keyboard. Press
the Esc key to return to PC-VT.
Any error condition which results from this command can
be accessed with the "ESC [ ? 1 0 n" report sequence described in
more detail below.
Ignoring Escape Sequences
You can cause PC-VT to start ignoring escape sequences by
sending:
ESC [ ? 2 3 l
Once the host sends this sequence, you must reset the option in
the SETUP B frame manually or terminate and restart PC-VT.
Error Codes
A private escape sequence returns the last error which
PC-VT encountered. The sequence is:
ESC [ ? 1 0 n
PC-VT responds with:
ESC [ ? x x x ; y y y n
where xxx is three ASCII characters which represent the error
code/return code and yyy is three ASCII characters which
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
represent the termination code. Once these codes are returned,
PC-VT resets them to zero.
If you are going to use this feature, you should always
read the code before you start in order to make sure that it is
reset to zero.
The error/return and termination codes are set by the
following actions from the host:
1. Any printer action if the printer is unavailable, off line
or runs out of paper. The error code is the status byte
returned by the BIOS,
2. Receipt of the escape sequence which redefines the PC's
keyboard.
3. Receipt of the escape sequence which invokes KERMIT,
4. Receipt of escape sequences which invoke any file transfer,
5. Receipt of the escape sequence which invokes HELP,
6. Receipt of the escape sequence which invokes COMMAND.COM,
or
7. Receipt of the escape sequence which invokes change
directory.
Error codes which are returned as xxx are in most cases
the code which DOS returns to PC-VT. There are a few PC-VT
extensions. The termination code, yyy, is zero. The error codes
are:
ERROR
CODE
(xxx) CONDITION
1 Invalid function
2 File not found
3 Path not found
4 Too many open files
5 Access denied
8 Insufficient memory
15 Invalid drive
100 Disk full
101 XMODEM error limit exceeded
102 Duplicate filename found during Receive file
Consult the DOS manual for other error codes.
The return code is produced by sequences which start
other programs such as KERMIT and Command.COM. The code is the
value which the called program returns in AL when it terminates
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
via the DOS call 4Ch. For xxx to be a return code, the
termination code, yyy, must be greater than 100.
The termination code is also produced by sequences which
start other programs such as KERMIT and Command.COM. The code
values are:
TERMINATION
CODE
(yyy) CONDITION
000 xxx is an error code not a program return code.
100 Normal termination/yyy is a program return code.
101 Terminated by CTRL-BREAK. yyy is a program
return code.
102 Terminated by Critical Device Error. yyy is a
program return code.
103 Terminated by DOS call 31h. yyy is a program
return code.
Colors
PC-VT can handle color in VT100 mode if you are on a
color monitor. The color must be set by the host computer. Here
are the escape sequences and the colors which they invoke:
ESC [ 8 m Invisible
ESC [ 3 0 m Black Foreground
ESC [ 3 1 m Red Foreground
ESC [ 3 2 m Green Foreground
ESC [ 3 3 m Yellow Foreground
ESC [ 3 4 m Blue Foreground
ESC [ 3 5 m Magenta Foreground
ESC [ 3 6 m Cyan Foreground
ESC [ 3 7 m White Foreground
ESC [ 4 0 m Black Background
ESC [ 4 1 m Red Background
ESC [ 4 2 m Green Background
ESC [ 4 3 m Yellow Background
ESC [ 4 4 m Blue Background
ESC [ 4 5 m Magenta Background
ESC [ 4 6 m Cyan Background
ESC [ 4 7 m White Background
Example to set red characters on a blue background:
ESC [ 3 1 m ESC [ 4 4 m ESC [ 2 J ESC [7 H
Where ESC is the escape character ASCII 27. Certain of
these combinations, like black foreground characters on a black
background, won't show anything on the display.
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
Note that setting the colors does not affect the current
contents of the display. Only characters displayed following the
color setting sequences are in color. This is consistent with the
other Select Graphic Rendition sequences. To clear the screen to
the new background color, use the clear screen sequence followed
by the home cursor sequence. By just using the color sequences,
you can make portions of your output display in different colors.
Once color is set, sending the "ESC [ m" (reset) sequence
uses these colors for the default attributes. If you want to make
these selections permanent for the next time that you run PC-VT,
go to the SETUP A frame and select the "s" option to store this
information on disk. Because of this, if you want to return to
normal white on black operation, you must send the "ESC [ 3 7 ;
40 m" sequence. Juset sending a reset does not restore white on
black.
Since these sequences set the default attributes for the
program (until you terminate PC-VT), to run the PC-VT in a color
mode, have your host computer send down the appropriate sequences
during your logon.
Printer Support
To send a formfeed to the printer send "ESC [ ? 2 5 l" or
press the ALT-P key on the keyboard.
Since PC-VT does not normally send escape sequences to
the printer, there is a special way to get control sequences to
the printer. Use the prearm buffer sequences above to fill the
prearm buffer with the necessary controls. Then send the "ESC [ ?
3 i" sequence.
Any underline characters in the buffer are translated
into the escape character (ASCII 27) before it is sent to the
printer.
ESC [ ? 2 4 h _124x ESC [ ? 2 4 l
ESC [ ? 3 i
(spaces shown for clarity only)
The characters Escape, 1, 2, 4, and x are sent to the printer.
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
4010/4014 Emulation
A special sequence was added in the 4014 emulator of PC-
VT. Upon receipt of ESC DC4, PC-VT switches back into VT100
emulator mode. The screen is cleared unless the /b option was
used on the command line.
Ignored Characters
PC-VT normally ignores 00h and 7FH while in VT100
emulation mode. To have PC-VT place them into the communications
buffer where they are still ignored later but take up buffer
space send : "ESC [ 2 4 l".
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Appendix J PC-VT v10.0
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PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
Appendix K
User-Supported Software
This program and documentation are copyrighted by Mark C.
DiVecchio.
Permission to copy:
Individuals, clubs and other non-profit organizations are
granted permission by the author to freely copy this program and
documentation and share it with their members, so long as:
No price is charged for the software or documentation.
However, a distribution cost may be charged for the cost of
the diskette, so long as it is not more than $9 total.
Club members are informed of the user-supported concept and
encouraged to support it with their registration fees.
The program and documentation are not modified in any way
and are always distributed together.
Schools, universities, and other non-profit organizations
are granted permission by the author to copy PC-VT for use on
other computers and at other locations in the organization, so
long as:
The full fee of $35 has been paid for the original copy of
the program.
A usage fee of $40 is paid for each additional building
where PC-VT will be used. Within each building for which
the usage fee has been paid, PC-VT may be copied freely for
use on any other computer in that building. Contact the
author if you would like to make other arrangements.
Commercial users of this program are required to submit
the registration fee. Commercial and site licenses as well as
source code licenses (in MASM) are available. The site license is
handled as a graduated per copy fee. Contact the author.
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Appendix K PC-VT v10.0
The User-Supported concept:
User-Supported Software
If you are using this program and find it to be of value,
your registration fee will be appreciated. ($35 is suggested)
For a $55 registration fee, you will receive a printed
manual containing this complete document.
For California delivery, add 7.25% sales tax.
Mark C. DiVecchio
Athena Systems Development Group
9888 Carroll Center Road Suite 113
San Diego, CA 92126
(616) 549-4056 RBBS : (619) 549-3927
Regardless of whether you pay the registration fee, you
are encouraged to use, copy and share this program.
User-supported software is an experiment in distributing
computer programs, based on these beliefs:
That the value and utility of software is best assessed by
the user on his/her own system.
That the creation of personal computer software can and
should be supported by the computing community.
That copying of programs should be encouraged, rather than
restricted.
Anyone may request a copy of this user-supported program
by sending one blank 1.2Mb formatted disk (without DOS) or two
blank 360Kb formatted disks to the author of the program. An
addressed, postage-paid return mailer must accompany the disk (no
exceptions, please). A copy of the program, with documentation on
the disk, will be sent by return mail. The program will carry a
notice suggesting the payment of a registration fee to the
program's author. Paying that registration fee is completely
voluntary on the part of each non-commercial user.
You may also get a copy directly from the Athena Systems
Development Group BBS at (619) 549-3927. Check this BBS for newer
versions of the program as well.
Free distribution of software and voluntary payment for
its use eliminates costs for advertising and copy protection
schemes.
Users obtain quality software at reduced cost. They can
try it out before buying, and do so at their own pace and in the
Page 186
PC-VT v10.0 VT100 & 4014 Emulator
comfort of their own home or office. The best programs will
survive, based purely on their quality and usefulness.
Please join the experiment.
If you believe in these ideals, the registration fee is
solicited to help make them work.
If you have read this far, and are considering submitting
the fee, you get a free tip. When you start up PC-VT, put a /g
after the program name - pc-vt/g - and the 'send money' frame
won't be displayed but you will go directly into the
communications frame.
The following invoice is provided for those of you who
wish an invoice for your tax records.
Page 187
Appendix K PC-VT v10.0
--------------------
INVOICE
--------------------
Purchased from:
Mark C. DiVecchio
Athena Systems Development Group
9888 Carroll Center Road Suite 113
San Diego, CA 92126
DATE: / / Invoice No. 10.0
--------------------------------------------------------------
PRICE PRICE
PRODUCT QTY EACH EXTENDED
------------------------- --- ----- --------
PC-VT Terminal Emulator
Registration Fee $35
v10.0
PC-VT Terminal Emulator
Registration Fee
AND Printed Manual $55
v10.0
PC-VT Distribution Disk $9
Includes Postage and
Handling
Copy of PC-VT and Documentation N/C
on your Preformatted 1.2Mb
Diskette Returned in your
Postage Paid Self Addressed
Mailer
--------------------------------------
SUBTOTAL
7.25% Sales Tax (CA Residents only)
--------------------------------------
PLEASE PAY THIS AMOUNT TOTAL
-----------------------------------------------------------
Please make check payable to : Athena Systems Development
Group.
You may retain this Invoice for your tax records.
Page 188
Index
! - Parity Error Answerback Message
Character 56 Setting 52
! - Parity Error Application Keypad
Character 166 Mode 20
# - Buffer Overflow ASCII File Transfer
Character 166 with Handshake
132 Column Mode 13 67
4014 Autoprint 59
Character Sets Autorepeat
152 Enabling 53
Coordinates 145 Autowrap
Terminal Status Enabling 54
Byte 158
4014 Autoprint B
Selecting 59 Backspace Key Code
4014 CR Effect Setting 56
Selecting 59 Beep 12
4014 Gin Termination Bell 12
Selecting 59 BREAK
4014 Key Long 40
ARROW 99 Buffer Size 166
BACKSPACE 99 Selecting 57
HOLD SCREEN 100 Bypass Character 67
NUL Character 161
PAGE KEY 99 C
RESET 99 Cable
RUBOUT 99 RS-232 Interface
Standard Keyboard 165
99 CAPS LOCK 19, 100
To VT100 Mode 100 Capture Mode 71
TTY LOCK 100 Click 12, 103
4014 LF Effect Color 181
Selecting 59 Permanently
4014 LOY Setting 182
Selecting 59 Selecting 119
4014 Page Full COM Port
Selecting 58 Clearing 140
8 Bit ASCII Selecting 50, 57
Enabling 58 COM Port Addressing
8259 PIC 165 165
8 Bit ASCII 165 Command Line Option
/c 13
A /d 12
Alpha character 20, /e 13
36 /g 12, 13
/h 13 Emulator
/i 14 Starting 4014
/l 13 mode 129
/t 13 Emulators
COMMAND.COM Changing from
Calling 40, 101 4014 to VT100
Command Line Option 100
/d 85 Changing from
Communications 4014 to VT100
Buffer Handling 156
166 Error Codes 179
Crosshair Position Error Messages 61
Report 158 Dialing Directory
CTRL-D Functions 64, 86
65, 71 Macro Directory
CTRL-D Functions 66 94
CTRL-Z Functions 64, Error Messages 105
65, 71 ESC ? 156
CTRL-Z Functions 66 ESC CAN 155
Cursor Mode ESC DC2 156
Selecting 53 ESC DC4 156
Cursor Problem 164 ESC ENQ 157
ESC ETB 155
D ESC FF 155
Default Directory ESC SUB 155, 158
Changing 39, 77 Escape Sequences
Defaults Private 174
File Transfer EVE Editor 32
Mode 49, 52, 63 Everex Edge 13
Del Character 17 Extra Byte 145
DEL implies LOY 147,
152 F
DESQview 172 Fast Screen Update
Dialing Commands 81 167
Dialing Directory File Capture Mode 71
Fetching 83 Fixed Disk 9
Saving 83 Frame
Dialing Facility 40 Communications 10
Dialing Key 79
DOS G
Gateway 101 GIN Mode 150
DOS Gateway 40
Drawing Mode H
Defocused 153 Hang Up 41, 101
Setting 152 Hanging up the phone
Drawing Mode 83
Write-Thru 153 HELP 40, 101, 140,
DTR 168
Dropping 83 HERE IS 40
High Resolution
E Graphics 13
Editor Selection High Resolution
EDT/EVE 53 Graphics 13
EDT Editor 25 Honk 97
PCjr Function Keys
K 168
KERMIT 76 Prearm Buffer 175
Keyboard Printer
Redefinition 42
Keypad Support 20 Formfeed 182
Selecting 57
L Printer Echo
LCE Mode 151 Selecting 39
Line Feed Characters Printing the Screen
64 39
Line Turnaround 4014 100, 155
Character 67
Linefeed Characters R
55 Receive a File
Local Echo =a option 72
Enabling 55, 139, =c option 72
160 =k option 72, 76
Logon Macros 81 =x option 72, 75
LPT Default Mode 49
Selecting 57 Receiving
(Downloading)
M Files 39
Macro Directory Running Programs
Fetching 89 from PC-VT 40,
Saving 89 101
Macro Facility 40
Macro Keys 40, 89, S
101 Screen Background
Commands 91 Selecting 53
Downloading 93 Screen Blanking 60
Margin Bell Screen Dump 18, 42
Enabling 53 SCRNDUMP.DAT 18, 42
Modem Parameters Scroll Buffer 41,
Selecting 51 170
Modem Speed Enabling 59
Selecting 50 Initiating 140
Monitor SCROLL LOCK 18, 100
Both 13 SETUP
Default 14 Defaults 53
Everex Edge 13 Key 39
Hercules Graphics Saving 48
13 Selecting
Defaults 48
N Selecting
NUM LOCK 19, 20 Features 50
SETUP Key 47
P Smart Macros 91
Page Full 58 Snow Screen Update
Parity Checking 167
Enabling 56 Status Line 10, 18,
PC-VT= 9, 61, 86, 54, 103
90, 94 Alpha character
PCjr 167 103
CD 104 Transmitting
CTS 104 (Uploading)
DSR 104 Files 39
KBD LOCKED 103
Local 103 U
Lx 104 UK Character Set
On Line 103 Selecting 54
P 104 Underline Attribute
SCR 103 Selecting 58
Vx.x 103
X 104 V
Status Line Vectors
CAP 103 Dark 145
NUM 103 VI Editor 36
Stop Bits Viewing a file 76
Selecting 55 Viewing a file 65
VMS 4.0 166
T VMS Line Editing 23
Tab Defaults VT Key
Selecting 48 ARROWS 18
Tabs BACKSPACE 17
Clearing All 48 BREAK 39
Setting and DELETE 17
Clearing 47 HERE IS 19, 142
Tekpoints 97 LINEFEED 18
Terminating PC-VT NO SCROLL 18
15, 39 NUL Character 18
Time of Day Clock PF 20
Enabling 57 SETUP 39
TopView 172 VT100/VT102
Selecting 57
Transmit a File VT52 Mode
=a option 65 Selecting 54
=c option 65
=k option 65 X
=t option 67 X Flag 40
=v option 65, 76 XMODEM 70, 75
=v option 76 XOFF-How to clear it
=x option 65 40
=x option 70 XON/XOFF
=z option 65 Enabling 54
Default Mode 49
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 General Terminal Emulation . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 VT100/VT102/VT52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 4010/4014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2 Required Hardware and Software 7
Chapter 3 Installing and Starting PC-VT 9
3.1 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.1 Floppy Diskette Installation . . . . . . 9
3.1.2 Fixed Disk Installation . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Starting PC-VT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 4 Stopping PC-VT 15
Chapter 5 VT100 Keyboard Assignments 17
5.1 Regular Key Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2 Keypad Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3 VMS Line Editing Keypad Mapping . . . . . . 23
5.4 EDT Keypad Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.5 EVE Keypad Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.6 VI Keypad Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.7 Control Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.8 ALT Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.9 Scroll Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.10 Keyboard Redefinition . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 6 SETUP Frames 47
6.1 SETUP A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.2 SETUP B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2.1 SETUP B Features and Defaults . . . . 52
Chapter 7 The PARAMS.DAT File 61
7.1 Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.2 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.3 Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7.4 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Chapter 8 Transmitting and Receiving Files 63
8.1 Transmitting ASCII Files (Uploading) . . . 63
8.1.1 Uploading with Handshake . . . . . . . 67
8.1.2 Example of a Transmission Session . . 68
8.1.3 A Useful VAX .COM Upload File . . . . 69
i
8.2 Transmitting Binary Files (Uploading) . . . 70
8.3 Receiving ASCII Files (Downloading) . . . . 70
8.3.1 Example of a Receive Session . . . . . 73
8.3.2 A Useful VAX .COM Download File . . . 73
8.4 Receiving Binary Files (Downloading) . . . 75
8.5 Viewing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
8.6 KERMIT File Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . 76
8.7 Changing the Default Directory . . . . . . 77
Chapter 9 DIALING Frame 79
9.1 Dialing Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . 79
9.2 Saving SETUP Information . . . . . . . . . 84
9.3 Dialing From the DOS Command Line . . . . . 85
9.4 The DIALER.DAT File . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
9.4.1 Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
9.4.2 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
9.4.3 Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
9.5 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 10 MACRO Frame 89
10.1 Instructions for MACRO . . . . . . . . . . 89
10.1.1 Defining Macro Keys . . . . . . . . . 90
10.1.2 Sending Macros . . . . . . . . . . . 91
10.2 Downloading Macro Keys . . . . . . . . . . 93
10.3 The MACRO.DAT File . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10.3.1 Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10.3.2 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10.3.3 Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
10.4 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chapter 11 4014 Emulation 97
11.1 4014 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
11.2 4014 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . 99
11.2.1 Regular Key Mapping . . . . . . . . . 99
11.2.2 Control Function Keys . . . . . . . . 100
11.2.3 ALT Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
11.3 4014 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter 12 PC-VT Status Line 103
Chapter 13 Error Messages 105
Appendix A VT100 Control Characters 109
Appendix B VT100 Received Escape Sequences 113
Appendix C VT100 Transmitted Escape Sequences 133
Appendix D VT100 Responses to Escape Sequences 137
Appendix E VT100 Special ALT Key Definitions 139
Appendix F 4014 Received Character Processing 143
F.1 Alpha Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
ii
F.2 Graph Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
F.3 Bypass/GIN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
F.4 LCE Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Appendix G 4014 Received Escape Sequences 155
Appendix H 4014 Responses to Escape Sequences 157
Appendix I 4014 Special Shift, ALT and CTRL Key
Definitions 160
Appendix J PC-VT Technical Details 163
J.1 Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
J.2 HELP Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
J.3 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
J.4 DESQview and TopView . . . . . . . . . . . 172
J.5 PC-VT Private Escape Sequences . . . . . . 174
Appendix K User-Supported Software 185
Index 189
iii