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1992-02-14
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A Federal Form 1040
U.S. Individual Tax Return Program
TAX91
1991 Tax Year
Version 1.92 - 14 February 1992
U S E R S M A N U A L
_______
____|__ | (TM)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
F. Roland Bjorklund
P.O. Box 1156
Bryans Road, MD 20616
Copyright (c) 1987-1992 F. Roland Bjorklund
All Rights Reserved
This version of the documentation, software and copyright
supersedes all previous versions of TAX91.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
WHAT IT WILL NOT DO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
BBS SYSOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DISK DISTRIBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ASSOCIATION OF SHAREWARE PROFESSIONALS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ORDER FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PREPARING A TAX RETURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PRINTING A TAX RETURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PRINTING A TAX REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
STATE MODULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
HELP SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
EDITING HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A SAMPLE RETURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
STARTUP.T91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
IN CASE OF PROBLEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PROBLEM REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
APPENDIXES
Appendix A. Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix B. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix C. Version History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix D. Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix E. Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix F. Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix G. The Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
i
INTRODUCTION
TAX91 is directed toward experienced tax preparers: individuals
who prepare their own tax returns, or who are paid to prepare tax
returns for others. This implies that the user knows which forms
are required for a particular tax return. TAX91 will create and
include other forms as required (i.e. Schedule SE if Schedule C is
used). For paid tax preparers, the program includes a fee
schedule, a cover page, and the capability to use a start up tax
return file with selected fields already pre-filled. For example:
the fee rates and preparer information is usually constant for all
tax returns and can be saved into a start up tax return file.
FEATURES
1. The forms presented on the screen are the same ones printed
out, and are as much like the Federal Forms as is possible.
These forms are IRS approved for submittal.
2. IRS approved graphics Form 1040 for taxpayer signature on dot
matrix printers with EPSON LQ, EPSON FX, or IBM PROPRINTER
emulation; and HEWLETT PACKARD laser printers or compatibles.
3. Fee Schedule and Front Cover Page forms for tax preparers.
4. On line help and context sensitive help (F1). Instant on line
access to program Documentation (CTL-D).
5. Mouse support, Pull down windows, Pop Ups, etc.
6. Pop up Calculator with transfer to form field (F7).
7. One button shifts between any two forms for compares (F6).
One button shifts between forms when fields are related, i.e.
they transfer between forms (F2). Also one button access to
Form 1040 summary of tax/refund (F10).
8. Fast recalculations for full tax return or single form (F9).
9. Any numeric entry field can be expanded to a dynamically
created full SUPPORTING SCHEDULE. IRS required SUPPORTING
STATEMENTS for other IRS indicated entry fields (F2).
10. Mini-schedules for entry fields if identification of state
and ownership (Joint/Taxpayer/Spouse) of amounts is required
(F5).
11. Multiple copies of many forms (i.e. Schedule C and others) are
possible.
12. Start up return for tax preparers with fees and other fixed
fields already filled in.
13. Tax Report for summaries needed to quickly fill in state
returns. At least 9 state modules are available this year.
14. Built in print spooler to allow simultaneous printing and
tax return preparation.
1
WHAT IT WILL NOT DO
1. It will not "hold your hand". You have to know what forms to
use for your return. During calculations the program will
create any new forms that are required. For example, Schedule
SE is created if Schedule C is used.
2. There are no consistency checks, except for what are required
for calculations. You can print out the tax return at any
time, even blank forms can be printed if needed.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
TAX91 will run on the IBM PS/2, PC/AT, PC/XT, PC, and on IBM
compatible computers. MINIMUM requirements are:
1. 512 KB of system memory is suggested. TAX91 takes about 350KB
of memory for the program and data memory.
2. MS-DOS 2.0 or PC-DOS 2.0 or later version operating system.
3. One hard disk drive and one floppy is preferred. The program
will run on a two floppy system if at least one floppy is 720K
(3.5 inch) or 1.2M (5.25 inch).
4. Either a color or a monochrome monitor with 80 column by 24
line text display. Color is CGA, EGA, or VGA.
5. Any printer, dot matrix or laser, for printing schedules and
supporting forms.
6. A dot matrix printer, supporting the EPSON LQ, EPSON FX, or
IBM PROPRINTER graphics commands, or a HEWLETT PACKARD laser
printer or compatible is required for the IRS approved Form
1040 for signature.
LICENSE
This version of TAX91 is NOT public domain or free software,
but is being distributed as "shareware". Non-registered users of
this software are granted a limited license to make an evaluation
copy for trial use on a private, non-commercial basis, for the
express purpose of determining whether TAX91 is suitable for their
needs. At the end of this trial period, you should either register
your copy or discontinue using TAX91.
What does this mean to you? If you use this program, then you
should pay for your copy. That way the author, F. Roland
Bjorklund, will be able to provide you support and updates, and
stay in business. Plus, registered users receive additional tax
forms, automatic upgrades during the tax season, and technical
support. Registered users in at least 9 states, will receive state
programs at no extra cost.
2
A TAX91 registration entitles you to use the program on any and
all computers available to you, with the following restriction: If
other people have access to this program or may use it, then you
should purchase a site license. Get in touch with author if a site
license is required.
All users are granted a limited license to copy TAX91 only for
the trial use of others and subject to the above limitations. This
license does NOT include distribution or copying of this software
package in connection with any other product or service, or for
general use within a company or institution.
BBS SYSOPS
Operators of electronic bulletin board systems (Sysops) are
encouraged to post this program for downloading by their users, as
long as the above conditions are met.
DISK DISTRIBUTORS
Disk distributors, i.e. companies that charge a nominal fee for
the copying and mailing of diskettes listed in their catalogs, do
not pay any part of that fee to the author. The author in turn
does not pay any listing fees for getting the program into the
distributor's catalogs.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
THIS SOFTWARE AND MANUAL ARE SOLD "AS IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTIES AS
TO PERFORMANCE OR MERCHANTABILITY. THE SELLER'S SALESPERSONS MAY
HAVE MADE STATEMENTS ABOUT THIS SOFTWARE. ANY SUCH STATEMENTS DO
NOT CONSTITUTE WARRANTIES AND SHALL NOT BE RELIED ON BY THE BUYER
IN DECIDING WHETHER TO PURCHASE THIS PROGRAM.
THIS PROGRAM IS SOLD WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES
WHATSOEVER. BECAUSE OF THE DIVERSITY OF CONDITIONS AND HARDWARE
UNDER WHICH THIS PROGRAM MAY BE USED, NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS OFFERED. THE USER IS ADVISED TO TEST THE
PROGRAM THOROUGHLY BEFORE RELYING ON IT. THE USER MUST ASSUME THE
ENTIRE RISK OF USING THE PROGRAM. ANY LIABILITY OF SELLER OR
MANUFACTURER WILL BE LIMITED TO PRODUCT REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF
PURCHASE PRICE.
The author is committed to supporting this program, so he will
repair reported problems and issue upgraded programs as quickly as
possible after problem reports are received. The earlier in the
tax season that the problems are repaired the better off all the
users are going to be.
ASSOCIATION OF SHAREWARE PROFESSIONALS
The Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) is an group
of software authors committed to developing shareware as an
acceptable alternative way of marketing software.
The author, F. Roland Bjorklund, is a member of the ASP. ASP
3
wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If
you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP
member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help.
The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an
ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members'
products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road,
Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail
to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536.
TRADEMARKS
MS/DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
PC/DOS is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation.
WINDOWS 3.0 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
EPSON is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.
PANASONIC is a registerd trademark of Matsushita Electric Co. Ltd.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines
Corp.
QUICKEN is a registered trademark of Intuit,P.O. Box 3014,Menlo, CA
94026
ORDERING INFORMATION
A TAX91 registration licenses you to use the program on a
regular basis. Registration includes latest version of program
along with additional forms and more context help screens.
Upgrades will be provided automatically during the tax season if
significant changes are made to the program.
Individual registrations for TAX91 costs $45 (plus $1.60
shipping). The latest TAX91 diskette will be sent along with a
documentation file on the disk that can be accessed on line from
the TAX91 program or printed on any printer. This will entitle you
to all significant updates to the program during the tax season:
January 1992 through April 1992.
If you register a 1992 version of the program (TAX91), you will
be eligible to receive the 1992 version (TAX92) at a discount when
it becomes available in early January 1993.
ORDER FORM
The registration order form can be printed from within the
Documentation portion of the TAX91.EXE.
A copy is provided below as well.
4
ORDER FORM
Date:__________________________
Remit to: F. Roland Bjorklund 1991 v1.92 - 14 Feb 92
P.O. Box 1156
Bryans Road, MD 20616
Please enter following order:
____ TAX91 Registration ..................... @ $45.00 ea $________
(Includes latest version of the program diskette, with
documentation on the disk. Also includes automatic up
grades of program during Jan to Apr 1992 tax season)
Shipping ........................................... $________
(U.S. and Canada, $1.50; All Other Countries, $10.00)
Subtotal $________
____ Maryland Residents please add Sales Tax ....... @ 5% $________
Total (U.S.Funds) $________
drawn on U.S.Bank
Diskette ________ 5 1/4 360K ________ 3 1/2 720K
Enclosed Please find a check for $______________
Name _________________________________________________________
Company _________________________________________________________
Address _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Day Phone: ______________________ Evening: ______________________
How did you learn about TAX91? __________________________________
(disk catalog name, on-line service/BBS name, or from a friend)
Prices are good until December 1992.
5
GETTING STARTED
The TAX91 program is distributed on a diskette and contains
three files: READ.ME, INSTALL.BAT, and TAX91PAK.EXE. The program
files are located in the TAX91PAK.EXE file, a self extracting
executable with files compressed using the utility LHA v2.10 (c)
Yoshi 1989-1992. Program and data files will be decompressed and
placed into the directories \TAX_1992 and \TAX_1992\T91_DATA when
TAX91PAK.EXE is executed from within the INSTALL.BAT file.
Insert your distribution diskette into floppy drive A or B,
log in the floppy drive with the DOS command A:(<--Enter), and
execute the INSTALL.BAT command file as "INSTALL C" or "INSTALL B".
The C and B are drive designations, others are possible. The
destination drive should have at least 600K bytes of free space.
TAX91 will not run on a 360K diskette this year. A 720K or 1.4M
diskette is required, a hard disk is preferred.
If INSTALL.BAT is NOT available for whatever reason, then
execute TAX91PAK.EXE with the command parameters /xeC: to get the
directories created on the destination drive C (C used for example,
substitute other drive as required). If you executed TAX91PAK
without any parameters it will extract all the files into the
current drive and directory. TAX91 will execute but will not find
tax return data files.
The files in TAX91PAK.EXE:
TAX91.EXE The TAX91 program itself.
TAX91.FRM The Federal 1040 forms and supporting schedules
file in compressed format.
TAX91.HLP The context sensitive HELP file for TAX91 in
compressed format.
TAX91.DOT The information needed to print an IRS approved
graphics form 1040 for signature using a dot
matrix printer or laser printer.
TAX91.DOC This file contains the program documentation in
a ready to print format. This file is
accessible from within the TAX91 program for
review. The documentation can be scanned
forward and backwards, and printed at will. It
will also print the ORDER.FRM file if required.
TAX91.CFG The configuration data is stored in this file.
STARTUP.T91 A sample start up file for tax preparers. This
file is read into memory when tax program
starts or when a tax return is cleared from
memory.
DEMO.T91 A typical sample tax return. This is the one
presented in IRS Pub. 17 Your Federal Income
Tax - 1991 - for Frank and Evelyn Jones.
6
The program will create two additional files when accessing
the Documentation:
TAX91.TBL A table is built for the on line Documentation
routines. This is done once if the TAX91.TBL
does not exist.
ERRORS.DOC This file is built on user request from within
the on line Documentation (F7/F8) if a print
out of the program errors list is required.
The program accesses the help system to extract
this information.
You will notice in the IN CASE OF PROBLEMS section that the
recommended solution to several errors that the program detects is
to reuse the installation procedure to get fresh program or data
files from the program distribution diskette. As you repeat the
installation procedure, the TAX91PAK program will check to see if
files with the same name exist on the destination drive/directory.
If you want to retain the old files, most likely the STARTUP.T91
file, answer NO to the question about file overwrites, unless they
are the ones you need a new copy of. The remaining files are not
customized by you as the user, so just answer YES, thereby causing
the install program to overwrite the files as they are copied. If
you recopy the TAX91.EXE file then recheck the program
Configuration since this data is part of that file.
PREPARING A TAX RETURN
TAX91 is executed from the disk drive and directory where the
TAX91.EXE file was installed. If you wish to run in monochrome
mode on a color monitor, then use TAX91 /m to force the monochrome
screen display features.
TAX91 does not restrict the user to any prescribed routine in
selecting and filling out forms. This implies that the user is
familiar with tax preparation, at least for his own tax situation.
The user is presumed capable of preparing his own tax return and is
familiar with the forms that he needs, since they do not change
much from year to year. Schedules A and B, are the most common
examples of forms that are used year after year in much the same
way. If you, as an individual, expect this program to take the
place of a paid preparer that you would normally use, you will be
disappointed. This program is not a step by step "hands holding"
program that most individual tax programs have evolved into. It
also does not check for consistency, i.e. is all the minimum data
present for a tax return. The program will calculate taxes, and
transfer data between forms as required, but it is up to the user
to make sure the data and results are correct.
Experienced tax preparers have a procedure that they follow for
every tax return that they work on. As a former paid preparer, the
author suggests the following as a minimum order of steps to
prepare a tax return using this program:
1. Fill out the Income Worksheet as much as possible first.
Especially the names, addresses, and filing status. Fill out
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W2 forms as necessary. If you used last years program, TAX90
for 1990, then TAX91 will import the names, addresses,
dependents, and any carryover amounts from last year's tax
return, if you use the same tax return file name for the 1991
version. Refer to the FILES menu for access to last years tax
data.
2. Go to Form 1040 and fill out the header for dependents. This
will set the exemption count.
3. After that it doesn't matter what form you choose. With the
program's quick F9 recalculation it is easy to see the effects
on tax/refund as you proceed with each additional form. If
the program detects that an additional form is needed, it will
create the form and transfer the results (i.e. Schedule SE
when Schedule C is used).
4. Use the F10 for a quick review of the tax/refund situation.
Use F6 if you are flipping between two forms. F6 saves you
the time of selecting the form each time from the form menu
list. The program "remembers" the previous form that you
used. The form menu even has "hot keys" for the most often
used forms, i.e. use 'C' to select Schedule C.
5. You can create supporting schedules for any field that allows
entry of money amounts (F2). This is particularly handy for
tedious lists with many line items. The itemized medical
deductions for schedule A is a common example. Supporting
schedules are not submitted to the IRS. They are kept as part
of the taxpayers tax return package.
6. This year the program also supports the IRS required
supporting statements for forms when the input data will not
fit within the available lines on a given form (F2). The
fields requiring supporting statements are defined by the
Electronic Filing specifications provided by the IRS.
Dividend or interest overflow on Schedule B is a common
example where the program will select a supporting statement.
Supporting statements are included with the tax return when
submitted to the IRS.
7. You can also make additional copies of Schedule B and other
selected forms. Create copies of Schedule E if required; the
totals on copies will transfer to the first schedule E form.
8. The F5 key for mini-schedules is handy for "marking" state
codes for state income tax returns and/or dividing amounts
between Taxpayer and Spouse, when a full supporting schedule
is not warranted.
9. The Tax Report is a feature that is handy for preparing state
tax returns, particularly multi-state returns, when a state
program module is not available. If you are diligent and
"mark" the amount fields in the Federal tax return for state
codes and ownership (J/T/S) where appropriate, the Tax Report
will provide the summaries that will make filing out state
returns an easier task.
8
10. A popup calculator is useful for quick calculations and will
transfer the result to the amount field being pointed to. It
also has a four level stack and will retain results between
uses. Practice a little with this calculator. It does not
try to simulate the desktop tape output calculator that
bookkeepers and accountants use. Experienced calculator
operators will probably notice that this calculator is a
hybrid between an "algebraic" and a "reverse polish"
calculator, there is no "=" key. If you don't know what this
means, then you won't have any preconceived notions about the
usefulness of this calculator. Give it a try.
11. It is important to become familiar with the OVERRIDE (F3 key)
capability of the program. The program provides a calculation
of amounts for fields that are classified as PROTECTED. These
fields are usually the results of summations of other fields
or calculations as required. It is not possible to provide
for the exception cases that the IRS has built for many
fields, so an OVERRIDE feature is provided that allows the
user to place any amount in a normally PROTECTED field in
order to supersede the program calculations. This is also a
good way to "fix" a calculation bug (gasp!) in the program, so
you can continue your work on a return. The author encourages
you to report bugs as quickly a possible. See the IN CASE OF
PROBLEMS section for further information and incentives.
12. After you print out a return, go over the return and check the
arithmetic and tax calculations, the same way you would do if
you prepared a return manually. If you do many returns, you
will gradually gain confidence in the many routine procedures
that the program goes through, but don't forget to check
carefully when a new form is required or new situation arises.
You will also discover that using a program to prepare tax
returns does not save time over the manual method if no big
changes are required after the first go through, but
experience has shown that a program really shines when you
have to go back and add, change, or delete data from a return.
Just not having to do all the arithmetic over again is
wonderful. You can also play "what if" games with a tax
return using this program, that you would not do manually
because of the time and work involved. Use the F10 key to for
quick access to Form 1040 and the refund/amount due lines.
13. Context sensitive Help is available for most forms and fields
in the program. The author intended this to be a quick mind
refresher for tax preparers, and it is not a substitute for
the official IRS instructions. The most common situations for
a field are usually described, but the IRS usually has a list
of exceptions and additional requirements; so reference is
very often made to the official IRS instructions for the
particular schedule/form being worked on. F1, Shift-F1, and
Alt-F1 gets help information for you.
14. On-line access to this documentation file is provided from
within the tax program (CTL-D key). You can browse through
the documentation, search for key words, print a screen, or
print the whole documentation file without leaving the tax
program.
9
PRINTING A TAX RETURN
When you want to print a complete return or maybe a single
form, select the PRINT option from the main menu. A request for a
complete tax return print will present a sub-menu to allow the
selection of a IRS submittal package, a Client (taxpayer) package,
or a tax preparer file package. These packages differ and are
described below:
IRS submittal - All the forms required by the IRS are
printed including any supporting
statements.
Client/taxpayer - This includes all the forms in the IRS
package including front page, worksheets
and supporting schedules.
File/preparer - The same as the Client/taxpayer package
with the addition of the fees schedule.
The File/preparer package can also be directed to a disk file
for long term storage of tax return data in a ready to print
format. This is handy for making changes to the return using a
text editor or word processor program. The tax return can then be
printed using the DOS PRINT command which is the MS/DOS print
"spooler". Please Note: the return printed this way will not give
the overstriking bold emphasis to tax line data that you will get
from printing the forms from the program directly.
The forms included in the print outs are indicated by a check
mark and are highlighted on the forms menu. The forms are printed
in Attachment Sequence order, i.e. in the order that the IRS would
like to receive them. If supporting schedules are used, they will
be printed after each form that uses them. If required, a Front
cover sheet is printed first, and a preparer fees schedule is
printed last. A Form 1040 is also printed, but do not sign and
submit this form to the IRS. All the other forms meet IRS
requirements for submittal. The program provides for a graphics
quality Form 1040 printout that can be signed and submitted to the
IRS. Signature on the form represents a legal declaration by the
taxpayer and tax preparer about the data on the form.
The program provides for a IRS approved signature quality Form
1040, if you have an EPSON LQ, EPSON FX, or IBM PROPRINTER capable
dot matrix printer or a HEWLETT PACKARD laser printer or
compatible. The printers described above represent about 95% of
all printers manufactured after the introduction of the original
IBM/PC in 1981. If your printer does not work then you must
manually transcribe the information from the rough printed Form
1040 to an official IRS Form 1040.
The program provides a "print spooler" option on the
Configuration screen. If you activate this option, you can execute
print requests for one tax return, and in the time it takes to save
the forms to a temporary print spooler file, you can begin working
on another return; while the program prints the requested forms
that were saved to disk. This option is recommended only if you are
10
using a hard disk. The spooler also keeps working if you go to
state programs or to the on line Documentation.
Caution: Reserve the print out of the graphics Form 1040
until the tax return is complete and ready to sign. The graphics
printout generates a lot of printer output and will take some time
to print, and will take some time to fill the print spooler file.
PRINTING A TAX REPORT
A tax report is provided to facilitate the preparation of
State tax returns until state modules become available for most
states. It is particularly useful if multi-state returns are
required. The program provides the capability to "mark" amounts in
the TAX91 forms for both State and Ownership (J-joint/single, T-
taxpayer, S-spouse) as required using supporting and mini-
schedules. Unmarked amounts are assumed to be J (joint/single).
The tax report will summarize all the forms by line by ownership
and state, so moving amounts to state forms should be easier.
STATE MODULES
MD, VA, CA, PA, MI, NY, IN, IA and OH state programs will be
available as soon as possible in Jan or Feb 1992. The state
program is included at no cost to registered users from the states
that have a state program. Other state programs are planned (40 or
more states have income tax). State programs feature the automatic
transfer of Federal tax return data to the state forms as required.
HELP SYSTEM
The context sensitive help system included with this program is
intended to help the tax preparer when he needs a quick explanation
of what a particular form and line is used for. It is not intended
to be substitute for the vast quantity of IRS instructions
available to the user. It is also NOT intended to be a tutorial.
The words used are in most cases directly out of IRS instructions
and have the same language, and in some cases, may not provide any
insight to the problem being solved. In short, the help system is
intended to be a memory jog to the preparer. It very often refers
the user to official IRS instructions when the options and rules
are more lengthy than can be easily fit on one help screen.
The F1 key will usually bring up a help screen applicable to
the situation presented on the screen. If F1 brings up a summary
of the Function Keys, then ALT-F1 will provide the context help.
11
FUNCTION KEY SUMMARY
ESC : ABORT or EXIT any function
F1 : brings up FUNCTION KEY SUMMARY screen
Alt-F1 : brings up HELP for Selected Form Line
Ctl-F1 : brings up EDITING HELP screen
Sft-F1 : brings up FORM DESCRIPTION screen
F2 : create/enter supporting SCHEDULE/STATEMENT/FORM
F3 : fix field to constant OVERRIDE
F4 : create COPY of current form
F5 : create/edit MINI-SCHEDULE
F6 : switch to PREVIOUS FORM
F7 : popup CALCULATOR
F8 : CLEAR/REMOVE current form only
F9 : RECALCULATE all forms
Alt-F9 : RECALCULATE current form only
F10 : TAX and REFUND/UNDERPAYMENT summary
CTL-D : Tax program DOCUMENTATION
When editing form fields the following editing functions have been
provided. Most of the time, the common DEL, Big Backspace(<--),
and left and right arrows are all you need to perform editing of
data in a field. The Ins key will toggle the system between insert
mode and typeover mode.
EDITING HELP
RETURN: finished editing field ^X or ^Y : shift field
HOME : move to first field END : move last field
PgUp : shift up one page PgDn : down one page
<- : move cursor left -> : move cursor right
ctl <-: move to field left ctl -> : move field right
Ins : toggle insert on/off ctl-U : restore old data
ctl-T : erase next word ctl-X : clear field
ctl-A : cursor left one word ctl-F : cursor right word
DEL : delete char at cursor ESC : Abort
ALT-F1: field specific HELP SHFT-F1: Form Description Help
BIG <-: delete char left CTL-D : Documentation
A SAMPLE RETURN
A typical return has been included with the program and is
stored in file DEMO.T91. It is a typical return for a married
couple named Frank and Evelyn JONES. It is the sample return that
the IRS provides in Publication 17 - YOUR FEDERAL INCOME TAX FOR
INDIVIDUALS - 1991. It is a large return with about 20 sheets when
finally printed. It exercises many different forms.
It is suggested that the new user spend some time with this
sample, trying out the various features of the program. Make
changes and see the change to the tax and refund. Use the F10 key
to see the results on the Form 1040 refund and overpayment lines.
Print out the return to get practice using your printer. Try
printing the graphics Form 1040. Select the appropriate printer
option from the Configuration Menu.
12
STARTUP.T91
A startup return is provided for tax preparers and others that
do more than one return in a season. Any fields that are always
the same from tax return to tax return can be saved in a file
called STARTUP.T91. Examples of data that should be put in this
file are the preparer blocks on the Form 1040 and the Front Cover,
the Fees Schedule, and the (author's personal favorite) two check
marks required in Schedule B for foreign financial interests.
IN CASE OF PROBLEMS
Most errors are reported by error messages on the computer
screen and may be self explanatory. Errors with on line help
available will also include a "F1-Help" message. Appendix A. Lists
some of the error messages that the program is capable of
producing. The Documentation program can produce a complete list
of errors into the ERRORS.DOC file. This file can be printed if
required. Along with each error message is a discussion of the
possible causes and suggested solutions.
There is one class of error from which the software is not
capable of recovery - the dreaded FATAL error. Some are data or
file related and indicate that some crucial piece of data has been
trashed beyond use. Appendix A or the ERRORS.DOC file is a good
source of discussion about the possible causes of most FATAL errors
and suggested remedies. The most often suggested remedy you will
encounter in this situation is to run the installation procedure
again to get a fresh copy of the program TAX91.EXE or the possible
supporting files that the problem seems to indicate should be
replaced. If the program works for a long time and suddenly one
day does not, a replacement from the distribution diskettes is
almost certainly the first step in trying to resolve the problem.
Program and data files can be made useless by some random glitch in
the system, and they usually occur at the most inconvenient times.
The most sinister error is the failure of the program to
correctly calculate the dollar value for a particular form field.
It is for this reason that users of this program must test each
form to their satisfaction. The author is committed to timely
repairs of these errors as soon as possible after they are noted.
In the world of Federal Income Taxes, the rules and laws change
every year and it is almost impossible to test the programs
exhaustively from the time the official forms are released and the
time the first program release must be sent out. The program
should be in the hands of users and tax preparers by the middle of
January of the tax season. The official data from the IRS is out
by the end of December of the previous year. That leaves two weeks
to make changes and to test the changes to the program. This is
only enough time for form changes and rudimentary testing.
As a special offer to encourage the support from both
registered and non-registered users: if a computation logic error
or program bug is discovered and reported, you will receive free
registration of the TAX92 program for the 1992 tax year, i.e. next
years program. The decision of the judge, i.e. the author (known
to be lenient), is final. It is often difficult to separate system
problems from program problems. The author must be able to
13
duplicate the problem in order to repair it. Since the 1991 Tax
Program will possibly be distributed to many users this tax season,
unusual and not foreseen problems will be detected by active users.
The author encourages you to test the program and identify the
problem areas if any.
For your convenience the following report is suggested for
reporting calculation errors. The author is available in the
evenings for phone consultation, but it is impossible to provide
bug repairs over the phone, so please copy the tax return file to a
diskette and provide a version number of the TAX91.EXE file or copy
the file itself to a diskette. Any DOS compatible diskette will
do: 5-1/4 360K, 5-1/4 1.2M, 3-1/2 720K or 3-1/2 1.4M. Mail the
report and diskette to the author. If you don't like to fill out
reports, then mail the diskette with program copy and data file as
a minimum. If you don't have a diskette mailer, tape the diskette
to a piece of cardboard and use any envelope large enough for the
diskette; it will probably survive the postal system. The diskette
will be returned you along with a repaired program if possible.
Any tax return data will be held in strictest confidence and will
be returned to you. If the problem can be demonstrated with
fictional data, then by all means provide that data in place of
real data.
Some gentle words of caution: the author assumes that you, the
user, knows the fundamentals of the MS/DOS operating system. The
author cannot teach you the MS/DOS commands, especially over the
phone. If you need help in using MS/DOS, then the author suggests
looking for MS/DOS learning books at your local book store or
computer store, taking classes at the computer store or local
community college, or pestering a friend who knows MS/DOS.
14
PROBLEM REPORT
Date:_______________________________________
From:_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________ Phone:______________
To: F. Roland Bjorklund 1991 v1.92 - 14 Feb
92 P.O. Box 1156
Bryans Road, MD 20616 Phone: 301-645-6819
Please tell me about your system, i.e. computer model, version of
DOS you are using, memory size, hard disk capacity, etc. If I
cannot duplicate the problem on my machines, then I need this to
see if a system problem might be the cause.
TAX91 program version and date:
System Description:
Problem Description:
Don't Forget to include a diskette with the tax return data file
that caused the error. Also copy the program file TAX91.EXE to
this diskette, or make sure you list the TAX91 program version and
date above. Your diskette will be returned along with a repaired
program as soon as possible.
15
Appendix A. Error Messages
The documentation portion of the tax program has the
capability to create a list of almost all the errors that the
program generates. The ERRORS.DOC file is generated from the on
line help data files if you use the F7 key when in the
documentation portion of the tax program. Use the F8 key if you
want to print the ERRORS.DOC file to the printer.
Most errors have on line help available if the "F1-Help" is
included in the error display.
A SPECIAL NOTE ON FILE CREATION/OPEN ERRORS
File creation/open errors can be deceiving. The MS/DOS
operation system allows a limited number of files open at any one
time. The parameter is specified by adding or changing the FILES =
XX in the CONFIG.SYS file in the system boot directory/disk. This
is done with a text editor (do not use your word processor for this
task unless it has a simple text mode). If you have other
applications installed on your hard disk, then the FILES=15 or
FILES=20 is a common value and is sufficient for this program. You
can use the MS/DOS TYPE command i.e. "TYPE CONFIG.SYS" to view the
contents of this file on your screen.
The errors not described in the ERRORS.DOC file are listed
below:
TAX CALCULATION ERRORS
ERROR: "Length - Not char string"
ERROR: "Write - Not char string"
ERROR: "Read - Not char string"
ERROR: "Read - Not Long Value"
ERROR: "Read - Not Integer Value"
ERROR: "Write - Not Long Value"
ERROR: "Write - Not Integer Value"
These errors occur when the program is recalculating a return
and discovers problems with the calculation code. These are not
fatal errors, but they do indicate a problem with the program or
most likely with the tax return data. If a new copy of TAX91.EXE
from your distribution diskette does not solve the problem, then a
problem report is necessary.
The ESC key allows a direct exit from the program with an
option to save the return data that you are working on.
DATE ERRORS
ERROR: "Date Field Error - Invalid Month - 13/07/90"
ERROR: "Date Field Error - Invalid Year - 07/07/1999"
ERROR: "Date Field Error - Invalid Date - 323399"
ERROR: "Date Field Error - Invalid Day - 07/32/90"
The program checks the date that you enter for each field that
is designated as a date type. It checks for months 1 to 12, days
in the month depending on the month, and general format errors.
16
You can use any delimiter between the month, day, and the year. For
example: 07/13/91, 07-13-91, and 07 13 91 will work.
If you want to force other data into date fields, then set the
override on that field first. If you change your mind, and don't
want anything in the field, fill the field with blanks.
MEMORY ALLOCATION ERRORS
ERROR: "Memory Allocation Fatal Error - XX"
Where the code is
1 - Failure to get MPT entry
2 - Allocation request too large
3 - Allocation failed to find free memory
4 - Allocation failed to find free memory
5 - Allocation failed to find free memory
6 - Failure to get allocation requested
7 - Failure with associated function
8 - Master Pointer release error
9 - check byte failure on MemFree()
10,13,14,15 - internal consistency check failed
20 to 31 - internal consistency check failed
These are pretty nasty errors that indicate that the program
TAX91 failed or the copy of TAX91.EXE is no longer any good. Use
the installation procedure to get a new copy of the TAX91.EXE file.
Make sure you reboot the system before you do anything. If the
problems persist and seem to occur only with certain situations and
tax return data, prepare a problem report and send it for
evaluation and possible bug repairs.
It is possible to make the program run out of memory and cause
either error 1 or error 6 by using many forms and many supporting
schedules. The DEMO.T91 return provided with the program is a
large tax return and uses about 35% of the available memory. It
will be an unusual tax return to make the program run out of
memory.
Appendix B. Glossary
This program and documentation uses many abbreviations and
acronyms. They are summarized and defined here.
AGI - Adjusted Gross Income
CCC - Commodity Credit Corporation
EIC - Earned Income Credit
EIN - Employer Identification Number
FUTA - Federal Unemployment Tax
IRA - Individual Retirement Arrangement
IRS - Infernal Revenue Service
HH - Head of Household filing status
J - Joint/Single ownership of amount
MFJ - Married Filing Joint filing status
MFS - Married Filing Separate filing status
QW - Qualifying Widow/er filing status
REMICS - Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits
S - Spouse ownership of amount
17
SGL - Single filing status
SSN - Social Security Number
SS/RR - Social Security/Railroad Retirement
T - Taxpayer ownership of amount
Appendix C. Version History
v0.9 - 08 Dec 91 - Evaluation mailed to requesting disk vendors
v1.0 - 01 Jan 92 - Program released minus 2210 and 1040ES
v1.01- 08 Jan 92 - Repair to Itemized vs. Standard Deduction
v1.1 - 11 Jan 92 - Form 2210 added plus minor repairs
v1.2 - 15 Jan 92 - Form 1040ES added
v1.3 - 18 Jan 92 - Statuatory Employee repair to W2
v1.4 - 20 Jan 92 - Repairs Multiple Copies of SE form for SP
v1.5 - 21 Jan 92 - Add Worksheet for State/Local Tax Refund
v1.6 - 23 Jan 92 - Tax Table Problem
v1.7 - 25 Jan 92 - F2119 transfers to Schedule D
v1.8 - 28 Jan 92 - F8606 used for Form 1040 lines 16a and 16b
v1.9 - 01 Feb 92 - Minor repairs
v1.91 - 07 Feb 92 - Laser Printer improvements
v1.92 - 14 Feb 92 - Penalty Transfer not cleared
Appendix D. Technical Data
1. The program requires about 234K bytes of memory and uses about
180K additional bytes of memory for dynamic memory allocation. It
should run in an IBM/PC or later with 512K bytes of memory.
2. The largest amount handled by this program is +21,474,836.47 and
the negative amount is -21,474,836.48. Money amounts are stored to
the nearest cent (.01 dollar).
3. The program uses a memory allocation scheme for creating and
destroying memory as required for tax return form display data and
storage data. A fixed amount of memory is allocated at program
startup and space is allocated to requesting program functions on
demand. A memory compaction is done when required to recover small
pieces of de-allocated memory back into a bigger pool of available
memory.
4. The program file TAX91.EXE, the forms file TAX91.FRM, and the
TAX91.HLP file are compressed so they don't take up much space on
your hard disk or floppy diskette. If these files were distributed
in their uncompressed state, it would take three 360K byte
diskettes to store the data. The TAX91.EXE program decompresses
itself upon being executed, and takes pieces of the forms and help
files as it needs them and decompresses them. Help information is
decompressed into a temporary file if you request help on a
particular form.
Appendix E. Future Work
A tax program is never completed. If you go beyond the normal
changes due to the changes in forms and laws on a yearly basis, a
quite formidable list of things to do still looms ahead. The
partial list is presented here, and the author welcomes comments
and suggestions:
18
1. More state programs, of course. Some states are quite simple
and others are quite complicated with split incomes/deductions.
There are 10 state programs available as of this date. Others will
be added as quickly as possible. There are 41 states with income
tax.
2. Electronic filing of tax returns via modem and telephone. This
will become more common place in a few years and supporting
software is planned. Currently electronic filing must go through a
service company approved by the IRS. This feature will become more
useful when all preparers can go direct to the IRS.
3. Depreciation and Amortization work sheets are required to speed
up preparation time for small business returns. Alternate Minimum
Tax depreciation options should be supported.
4. A Passive Loss and Passive Credits capability must be added as
soon as possible. Work was started for TAX91 but did not complete
in time. TAX92 should have this capability.
5. A Microsoft WINDOWS 3.0 version is still about 3/4 completed.
No work was done on this version for this year. TAX92 WILL HAVE a
Windows version available.
6. A "Hold the user by the hands" version of the program may be
possible if the demand warrants it. More consistency checking in
the current program is definitely planned for.
7. Issue warnings when memory gets low, automatic saving of
current tax return every 10 minutes, are samples of other things
that need the author's attention when possible.
8. QUICKEN is popular personal/business financial program with the
capability to export data to other programs. It might be handy for
TAX92 to read this data.
9. Other tax return form sets like 1120 and 1065 for professional
tax preparers.
Appendix F. Configuration Options
The program gives some flexibility via a configuration setup
file, which you as the user can make changes to. The program as it
is first installed is perfectly usable in its default
configuration. Here is a list of the configuration items and an
explanation of each one. The context help system also contains
this information.
1. Tax Preparers Company
The name that appears here is used for the opening screen
display. You can put your name, your company name, etc. in here to
get a little personal touch to the program. If your client is
working with you, it makes this program appear customized for you.
2. State Return Code (2 char)
This is the two letter post office code for the default state
19
return module to execute most of the time. It saves you from
having to type in the code each time the program prompts you for
the state code. Post office code examples: VA = Virginia, TX =
Texas, CA = California, etc. This is the default code used to
identify ownership of income/deductions when no other state code is
entered.
3. Password 1 General
4. Password 2
You can enter passwords here if you only want persons knowing
the password to have access to the program and tax return data.
The program will prompt you for the password at program startup, if
you decide to use one. DON'T FORGET your password after you decide
to use one.
5. Tax Data Sub Directory
This is the subdirectory where the tax return files are
stored. The install program creates this subdirectory for you on
the hard disk. Don't change it unless you know what you are doing.
If you wish to use a floppy disk for tax return data storage, then
replace the subdirectory name with an "A:" or "B:" (without quotes)
to indicate which drive will be used.
6. Tax Form/Help File Directory
This is the subdirectory where the tax program expects to find
the tax form file: TAX91.FRM and the tax help file: TAX91.HLP. The
default is nothing in this entry, indicating that these files are
located in the same directory as the TAX91.EXE program file.
If you know what you are doing, you can copy these two files
to another subdirectory or a faster access drive like a RAM
resident drive. You can significantly cut down on the time it
takes to retrieve tax forms and help information. If you have a
RAM resident drive, say drive D:, you can copy these files to that
drive and change this entry to "D:" (leaving out quotes of course).
RAM resident drives are volatile, i.e. data is not retained after
power is removed from the computer, so the files must be copied
each time you power up the computer. You can add automatic copy
commands to the system "autoexec.bat" file. If you don't feel
comfortable doing this, then DON'T mess with it.
7. Prior Year Tax Data Directory
This is the directory on the current drive where the prior
year tax program, TAX90, stored tax return data. TAX91 will use
this information to fetch information from last years tax returns
as required. You can change this if necessary. Perhaps you stored
last years tax return data on floppy diskette. Then place "A:" or
"B:" here as appropriate (minus quotes) to get access to floppy
diskettes.
8. Printer Left Offset 0 to 5
It is possible to shift the printed out forms a little to the
20
right using this option if your paper alignment is not quite right
for your printer. You are limited to 0 to 5 spaces (0.10 inch each
in 10 CPI mode) for this option, because the forms already have 3
blanks before each line. Each form line is about 75 chars wide and
narrow carriage printers are 80 chars wide. This offset also
affects the graphics dot matrix Form 1040 printout in the same way.
9. Alert Beep: 0=OFF/1= ON
You get more beeps from your computer if you change this value
to 1. With the option set to 0, you will still get beeps for
errors.
10. Line Printer 0=LTP1,1=LPT2
The printing of tax forms and the graphics version of the Form
1040 requires that the program know what number is your primary
printer. For most PC's this printer is numbered as LPT1 (0 value
in option). If you don't get printer output for the Dot Matrix
1040 option, then try a value of 1. This option is provided for
the rare case when more than one printer is connected to your PC.
11. Print Spooler 0=OFF,1=ON
You can use the built in print spooling if this option is set
to ON. The default is OFF. Printer data will be placed into a
temporary file from which it will be read and sent to the printer
when no other activity is going on. It is handy for printing long
tax returns, while you are working on another. It should only be
used if you are running from a hard disk. It produces large
temporary files on the program directory/drive. It works very
slowly if you must work from floppy disks.
12. Graphics Printer 0=EPSON LQ 8pin 1=EPSON FX 8pin 2=EPSON
24pin 3=HP LaserJet
The program supports the graphics printing of Form 1040 on
three types of dot matrix printers and the popular Hewlett Packard
laserjet printer. Most other printer manufacturers emulate the
EPSON printers because of their popularity. The difference between
the LQ and FX modes is the height of the vertical dots (LQ = 1/60
inch and FX = 1/72 inch). The program creates the Form 1040 with
1/6 inch line spacing if you pick the correct option (0 = LQ and 1
= FX) for your dot matrix printer. If the printed form is too
short or too long on the page, then try the other option. If the
printed form is not useable, then your printer does not emulate the
EPSON LQ or FX modes. The EPSON 24 pin mode will produce a nicer
printout if your printer supports that capability. The HP Laserjet
option uses 150 dots/inch to produce a signature Form 1040. All
these forms have been submitted to and approved by the IRS.
13. First Time User Screen
This flag is used to turn First Time User screen on or off.
The First Time User screen is a summary of steps to take to get a
tax return started without reading the documentation. The proper
steps are defined in the documentation; but reading documentation
21
is not fun, so a quick summary of what to do is presented when the
program starts. Experienced users can turn this screen off.
Appendix G. The Author
F. Roland Bjorklund has been programming computers since 1966.
He currently makes a living as a Senior Computer Engineer
programming real time embedded systems using the Intel family of
microprocessors.
This tax program, written in C, was started in 1987 when he
took the H&R Block classes for tax preparation. He worked the
January 1988 to April 1988 tax season as a H&R Block tax preparer.
The following fall he took the advanced H&R Block tax courses, but
did not work the tax season. Work on the program lapsed until the
fall of 1989 when work began again in earnest. As a result, the
program is directed to the paid tax preparer and the problems
associated with that kind of work.
A TAX89 program was completed too late for that tax season,
but it qualified the author for membership in the Association of
Shareware Professionals. The TAX90 program was submitted to
several major shareware distributors and was accepted by four.
User acceptance of TAX90 was better than expected. The TAX91
program is better with more forms and features. It will be
submitted to many shareware distributors in January 1992.
His other financial programming endeavors include a custom
mortgage maintenance system written in the C programming language,
several accounting packages written in Basic, Fortran, C, and dBase
III. These accounting packages included the usual general ledger,
payroll, assets, payables, receivables, and billing packages.
These are not for sale at this time.
INDEX
ALT-F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11, 12
ASP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 4
Association of Shareware Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 22
author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3, 7, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19, 22
calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 9, 12
configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7, 10, 12, 19
CTL-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 9, 12
CTL-F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
DEMO.T91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 12, 17
distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 4-7, 9, 11-13, 16, 17, 21
electronic filing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 19
EPSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 10, 21
F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 9, 11-13, 16
F10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 9, 12
F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 12
F3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 12
F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
F5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 12
F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 12
F7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 12, 16
22
F8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 12, 16
F9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 12
future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
HEWLETT PACKARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 10, 21
IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 10, 18
INSTALL.BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3
mini-schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MS-DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
order form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5
OVERRIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 12, 17
printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 10-12, 21
PROBLEM REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-17
registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5, 13
shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4, 22
SHFT-F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
spooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 10, 11, 21
STARTUP.T91 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7, 13
state program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 11
SUPPORTING SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 12
SUPPORTING STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
tax report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 8, 11
warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Windows 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 19
23