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- Chapter 6
- Bindery
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- The NetWare 386 bindery is a database that contains
- information about resources such as file servers, print
- servers, and database servers and about the users who
- access and use those resources. For example, a print
- server that advertises its services on the internet is
- a resource and has its name and internetwork address
- stored in the bindery of every file server on the
- internet. (Because of this, the bindery can also be used
- as a resource directory where clients can extract a
- listing of all resources available on the network.) The
- bindery also contains information on each client and is
- the basis on which NetWare login security mechanisms are
- built, including password protection, client accounting,
- and client restrictions. The following sections are
- discussed:
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- ■ Bindery Files
- ■ Bindery Components
- ■ Bindery Security
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- Bindery Files
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- The implementation of the NetWare 386 bindery consists
- of three files located in the SYS:SYSTEM directory: one
- file for bindery objects, one for properties, and one for
- property data sets. The bindery supports up to 16,777,216
- objects and 16,777,216 properties. A bindery object name
- appears in a 48-byte field, one length byte followed by
- 1 to 47 bytes for characters.Like directories and files, the bindery supports multi-
- byte character sets and two-byte wildcard searching. The
- implementation of the bindery under NetWare 386 as
- contrasted to its implementation under 286 is shown
- below.
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- ------------------------------------------------------------
- Changes To The Bindery
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- Netware 386 Bindery Netware 286 (v2.1x) Bindery
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- Max Number of Objects Max Number of Objects
- 16,777,216 65,536
- (Number of Properties % 2)
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- Max Number of Properties Max Number of Properties
- 16,777,216 131,072
- (Number of Objects x 2)
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- Bindery Files Bindery Files
- NET$OBJ.SYS NET$BIND.SYS
- NET$PROP.SYS NET$BVAL.SYS
- NET$VAL.SYS
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- ------------------------------------------------------------
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- Bindery Components
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- The bindery is comprised of components called objects and
- properties. An object can be a user, user group, file
- server, print server, or any other logical or physical
- entity on the network that has been given a name. Each
- object also has associated with it a set of
- characteristics called properties, and each property has
- a property value.
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- Property values fall into one of two categories: set
- properties or item properties. A set property has
- associated with it a list or set of object IDs that are
- contained in the property's value. An item property has
- associated with it a property value that can contain any
- type of data; typically it contains a numeric value, a
- string, or a structure. These bindery components are
- shown in the following graphic.
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- Each object can have multiple properties associated with
- it. For example, a user's set of properties may include
- a password, an account balance, and a list of groups the
- user is a member of. A server, rather than having
- multiple properties, might have just one property that
- contains its network address.
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- The property's value contains the actual data that is
- associated with the property. A user's password, for
- example, is stored in the property value associated with
- the password property, a user's account balance in the
- property value associated with the account balance
- property, and so on. Although a property can only have
- one value, the value can contain multiple segments, each
- segment being 128 bytes long. An example bindery object
- with its associated properties and their values is shown
- in the following figure.
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- Bindery Security
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- Each server
- administers the security for its local resources,
- services, and client accounts through its bindery. The
- bindery's security and the file system's security are
- independent. The bindery does not store any of the file
- system's directory trustee information. Directory
- trustees are stored in directory entries which are an
- integral part of the NetWare physical directory
- structure. The only relationship between the bindery and
- the file system is that the file system stores each
- directory's trustee in the form of an object ID. For more
- information on file system security and directory
- trustees, refer to Chapter 5, File and Directory
- Security.The bindery provides a flexible yet secure operating
- environment through several security measures, as shown
- below.
-
- -----------------------------
- Bindery Security Measures
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- * Security Access Levels
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- * Privileges
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- * Encrypted Passwords
-
- -----------------------------
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- Security Access Levels
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- Each object and property in the bindery has a security
- access level associated with it which controls the read
- and write access to a bindery object and its properties.
- The object security and the property security are each
- two nibbles; the low-order nibble controls the read
- security and the high-order nibble controls the write
- security. The following values are defined for each
- nibble:
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- Privileges
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- The bindery of each server also enforces security by
- supporting various degrees of privileges: Supervisors,
- Workgroup Managers, Users.
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- Each bindery has a SUPERVISOR object that is granted
- special bindery security privileges. The supervisor is
- allowed to grant special administrative privileges to
- other objects through the security equivalence feature.
- The security equivalence feature allows a bindery object
- to be granted the same access rights as another object.
- The security equivalence feature is also useful in
- defining user groups. User groups are a means of
- logically organizing users into workgroups so that the
- system supervisor can simplify the security process.
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- NetWare 386 supports two new properties called the
- WG_MANAGER and OBJ_SUPERVISOR properties. WG_MANAGER is
- a set property associated with object SUPERVISOR.
- Supervisors can create this property with the SYSCON
- utility and thus give limited supervisory privileges to
- one or more individuals that are designated as workgroup
- managers.
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- If an object's ID appears in WG_MANAGER's data set, the
- object (a workgroup manager) can create new bindery
- objects. In the figure below, for example, Ed's object
- ID is in the supervisor's WG_MANAGER's data set;
- therefore, Ed is a workgroup manager and can create new
- bindery objects.
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- Any objects that a workgroup manager creates have
- associated with them an OBJ_SUPERVISOR set property that
- includes the creating workgroup manager's object ID. For
- example, if Ed creates a user, Robert, Ed's object ID is
- in the OBJ_SUPERVISOR set property associated with
- Robert.
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- It is also important to note that if object Ed's ID
- appears in object Robert's OBJ_SUPERVISOR's data set,
- object Ed has all rights to object Robert, whether or not
- object Ed's ID appears in the SUPERVISOR's WG_MANAGER's
- data set.
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- Encrypted Passwords
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- In addition to the security access levels and the
- SUPERVISOR object and WG_MANAGER property, the bindery
- provides login security with the password property. With
- NetWare 386, the bindery supports encrypted passwords at
- the workstation and on the wire. You can also disable
- password protection if you desire.
-