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- Differences
- between MFM and SCSI/ESDI
- disk controllers
- by
- Al Kalian
- December 6, 1989
-
-
- The main differences between the ST-506 interface (also known as MFM)
- and the newer ones, such as SCSI and ESDI, are the way they handle the
- disk Input/Output. MFM stores the data in 17 sectors per track, and has
- a data transfer rate of about 5 mb/minute (that's mega *bits*, not
- *bytes*). ESDI raises the ante by about a factor of 2. The data trans-
- fer rate is about 10 mb/minute and generally uses 34 sectors per track.
- The ESDI and SCSI drives can have 15 heads and 1500+ cylinders.
-
- Since DOS doesn't know anything about more than 1024 cylinders, but is
- quite happy with as many heads as you throw at it, the newer drives have
- circuitry built into them that translates all of this into something
- that DOS will tolerate. In addition, they "hide" one sector per track
- from DOS, and really have 35 sectors per track. That way, you can mark
- out a bad track and the drive and controller will use the spare sector
- and DOS is none the wiser. That's how you can get an ESDI or SCSI drive
- with no bad tracks. They are there, but DOS doesn't know about them.
- MFM drives lock the bad tracks out, the ESDI/SCSI drives keep track of
- them in an internal table, and can't be accessed by DOS. Not all ESDI
- drives have this feature, but most do.
-
- As you can expect, the controllers need to be matched to the drive for
- all of this to happen, but if you get the right combination, it is a
- sweet deal and fast too.
-
- Now you are probably asking, "What are the differences between ESDI and
- SCSI? Well, ESDI generally maintains the traditional format of MFM,
- meaning that there is a controller, and a hard disk. The controller
- will handle the chores of the hard disk as well as the floppy disk
- drives. SCSI, on the other hand, is entirely different. The SCSI
- controller isn't a controller at all, rather it is a "bus master". The
- controller is on the hard disk itself. Since the controller is on the
- hard disk, it could care less what machine it is connected to, as long
- as the signals coming from the bus master conform to the SCSI standards.
-
- The advantages of this are that the bus master can control many "de-
- vices" (as they are known in SCSI jargon) so that you can have more than
- two hard disks connected to one SCSI bus master. In fact you can have
- up to eight, depending on the implementation. Both MFM and ESDI only
- allow two hard disks. In fact, since the SCSI bus master just reroutes
- the requests, you can have another hard disk controller, MFM, ESDI, RLL
- in the same machine, and all of the hard disks will get along just fine.
- You can even have CD ROM drives, Tape Drives, and six other SCSI hard
- disks, and a couple of ESDI disks, all hooked up, running off of a
- single computer.
-
- Since the controller is on the "device" (what we know as a hard disk)
- bizzare things are possible. For instance, CDC/IMPRIMIS have a tech-
- nique known as ZBR which stands for Zone Bit Recording. It violates all
- of the rules that we are used to. What this technique does is to space
- the tracks evenly across the surface of the disk. That means that the
- inner tracks will have less tracks than the outer tracks, and the far-
- ther out you go, the more tracks you will have. Since the controller is
- on the disk, it makes no difference to DOS what is going on. It just
- requests what it wants, and the SCSI controller/bus master requests it,
- and the drive and the electronics on the drive comply.
-
- The hard disk that I use here is a SCSI disk which has 1536 cylinders,
- 15 heads, uses RLL formatting, but it appears to DOS as a hard disk with
- 1013 cylinders, 34 heads, and 17 sectors per track. Just what DOS wants
- to see, but nothing could be further from the truth.
-
- So which is better? In a single machine, ESDI wins the race. However,
- if you want to have three, four or five disks all running off from one
- computer, with a tape backup thrown in for good measure, then SCSI is
- the only way to go. Unfortunately, the SCSI standard isn't a standard
- at all and, as we all know, standards are nice because you have so many
- to choose from. Seagate has a SCSI interface that only supports two
- hard disks, and each vendor has its own idea of what the SCSI standard
- is. I could go on and on, but now you know "the rest of the story".
-
- - Al Kalian