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- On this page, INFOPLUS displays how your RAM is being used.
-
- Total conventional memory: This is the type of memory typically used by DOS
- and programs.
- Free conventional memory: This is the amount of memory left after DOS,
- drivers, and TSRs take some.
- Extended memory: This is the amount of memory on a 286/386/486 that is
- above the 1 Meg mark. This may not be the total amount.
- Some programs that use extended memory subtract what they
- use, and report that to INFOPLUS. Also, programs such as
- QEMM and HIMEM.SYS will 'steal' all of it because they
- want to manage it correctly.
- XMS driver: One of the major problems with extended memory is that there
- was no correct way of accessing it. There was a major problem
- programs interfering with each other. XMS stands for eXtended
- Memory Specification. It's a standard interface for programs to
- access extended memory.
- HMA stands for High Memory Area. On a 286/386/486, it's
- possible to access the first 64K of extended memory without
- going into a special CPU mode. Access to that area is done by
- enabling or disabling A20 (address line 20.)
- DPMI driver: With the growing complexity of programs, some need more than
- the normal 640K of memory to run. DPMI stands for DOS
- Protected Mode Interface. It allows programs to run in
- protected mode, yet still access regular DOS functions. It was
- introduced with Windows 3, and offers greater protection from
- interference by other programs than VCPI. DPMI is available on
- 286/386/486 computers.
- Expanded memory: Expanded memory was one of the first ways of getting more
- than 640K in a computer. It does this by taking the extra
- memory and breaking it up into 16K 'pages.' It puts up to
- 4 of these at a time in a 64K window in an unused area of
- memory accessible to the CPU (called the page frame.)
- Expanded memory is often called EMS (Expanded Memory
- Specification.)
- All EMS drivers have an internal driver name of EMMXXXX0.
- The latest specification is 4.0. Unfortunately, 4.0
- requires some hardware specifics for FULL compliance. Many
- 4.0 drivers are not hardware compliant. Their hardware is
- in compliance with the older standard, numbered 3.2.
-
- Some EMS drivers also support VCPI (Virtual Control
- Program Interface.) This was the first standard to allow
- programs to run in protected mode, yet still access DOS
- functions. Unfortunately, it's too easy for programs to
- interfere with each other, or unncessarily block another
- VCPI program from working. VCPI is only available on
- 386/486 computers.
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