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ETHE WINDOW MANAGER/EDITORF VERSION 1.0 COPYRIGHT (c) 1985 BY JIM EVERINGHAM THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 1 This Program is placed in the public domain by the author and may be distributed freely without modification. If you find these routines to be of use or of value, a small donation of up to $10.00 would be appreciated. Those who donate will recieve a complete description of the program source code and its updates. Donations, inquiries, criticisms, or suggestions can be sent to: Jim Everingham 318 East Sheridan Avenue Dubois, Pa 15801 (814)-238-9655 CIS: 75116,433 I am also working on an assembler window package as a project. Any suggestions will be welcome. The Following Files should be included in the Library file: Include Files: E VAR.INCF E WINDMNGR.INCF E GROWWIN.INCF E DEMODEFS.INCF Demonstration Programs: E DEFDEMO.PASF E DEFDEMO.COMF E GROWDEMO.PASF E GROWDEMO.COMF E WINDDEMO.PASF E WINDDEMO.COMF Support Programs: E WINDODEF.PASF E WINDODEF.COMF E PRINTMAN.BATF And of course this file,E WINDMNGR.DOCF & EREAD.MEF THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 2 Contents Introduction .......................... Page 4 System Requirements ................... Page 5 Overview of the Window Manager ........ Pages 6 - 7 The Window Manager Routines ........... Pages 8 -14 Pre-Defining Windows .................. Pages 13-14, 17-18 Other Functions & Procedures .......... Pages 15-16 Using WINDODEF.COM .................... Pages 17-18 Monochrome Graphics ................... Page 19 Modifying the Source code ............. Page 20 Quick Reference Section ............... Pages 21-22 THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 3 -EIntroductionF- The Window Manager/Editor System is a collection of ultra- fast window routines written in Turbo Pascal Under PC-Dos 2.0. These Routines make it very easy to add a variety of different size and type windows into your own Turbo Pascal programs. When using this manual, type in the example programs to get a feeling of how the program operates. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 4 -ESystem RequirementsF- This Program was developed on a Columbia MPC 1600-1 with 256K RAM and a Color/Graphics adapter under PC DOS 2.0. These routines will not work on a non-PC compatible system due to the fact that it writes directly into video RAM. I have tried the demos on an IBM PC and they have worked fine, so I don't think there will be any trouble getting them to work properly. ENOTE:F If when running the demo's consecutivly, the screen becomes full of garbage or unreadable characters, just reboot your computer and they should work fine. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 5 -EOverview of the Window Manager/Editor System F- The ability to create "WINDOWS" is one of the more fascinating features of the PC. If you do not know exactly what windows are, I will try to explain the concept to you here. A window can be thought of as a scrolling area. The standard IBM PC display consists (upon boot-up) of a scrolling area of 80 columns by 25 rows of characters. This is a window, whenever the screen fills up, it scrolls the whole screen up 1 column allowing a blank column at the bottom of the screen. The area in which to be scrolled is from column 1, row 1 and column 80, row 25. This scrolling area can be "SET" to any portion of the screen. For example, I can change the scrolling area to be from column 5, row 5 (upper left hand corner) and column 50, row 20 (lower right hand corner, see figure 1.0). All text within that area (or window) will be scrolled and the rest of the screen will remain undisturbed. (1,1) PC's Screen +---------------------------------------+ | (5,5) | | +------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | Area A | | | | | | | | | | | +------------------+ | | (50,20) | | | | Area B | +---------------------------------------+ (80,25) EFigure 1.0F, Screen. A=New Scrolling Area B=Full viewing Area My new scrolling area is area A, or a window consisting of the upper-left hand coordinates (5,5) and lower right hand coordinates (50,20). Now whenever I write to the screen, everything in area A is scrolled and area B, the main screen, is undisturbed (Try out the EDEFDEMO.COMF program to see how this works). Windows are used in many popular programs. Sidekick uses windows, Qmodem, Pc-Talk, many disk catalog programs, etc. Many interesting effects can be created with use of windows. For example toggling in between windows can create the illusion of many windows active on your screen at once. Windows can be created in text mode, and graphics mode also. With the Window Manager/Editor system, windows can be manipulated with the ease of a few new procedures which are used just like commands. Among these are commands to add, remove, THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 6 title, color, create, scroll and move your windows around. The details of these procedures will be covered in the next section of this manual. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 7 -EImplementing Window Manager/Editor RoutinesF- This section will describe all routines included with the Window Manager/Editor system and detailed instructions on how to implement them into your own Turbo Pascal programs. In all there are seven main commands to work with (I will refer to procedural calls as "commands" for the sake of understanding). 1: INITIALIZE 2: ADD_WINDOW 3: GROW_WINDOW (grow window?) 4: REMOVE 5: COLOR_WINDOW 6: WINDOW_TITLE 7: SELECT_WINDOW (Optional) To access these commands, all that is required is that you include the following two lines at the very beginning of your program: {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} optional: {$I GROWWIN.INC} if you wish to use growing windows. {$I DEFS.INC} if you have defined windows (See section on EWINDODEF.COMF for details on this). We will discuss the syntax of each of these in detail and then move onto the smaller functions and commands. Parameters will be enclosed in the symbols < and > and in boldface. E--Initialize--F Procedure E--__________--F Initializes the stack and memory for your windows to be stored in. This -MUST- be in your program before you use any of the other routines. There is no telling what will happen if you don't. Syntax: Initialize; I highly recommend getting into the habit of making this the first line of your program. E--Add_Window--F Procedure E--__________--F Saves the current screen into memory and creates a framed window with the cursor positioned in the top left hand corner. Syntax: THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 8 Add_Window(<EX1F>,<EY1F>,<EX2F>,<EY2F>,<EForegrndF>,<EBackgrndF>,<EFrameF>); Where: EX1F is upper left hand X-coordinate EY1F is upper left hand Y-coordinate EX2F is lower right hand X-coordinate EY2F is lower right hand Y-coordinate EForegrndF is the text foreground color EBackgrndF is the background textcolor EFrameF is an integer value (1..5) wich designates the the style of frame you desire on your window. EFrameF types are as follows: 1 A single line surrounding the window. 2 A double line surrounding the window. 3 Two horizontal double lines and two vertical single lines surrounding the window. 4 A solid frame the thickness of one cursor surrounding the window. 5 No frame. Example call: Add_Window(5,5,50,20,1,2,2); This call in particular will create a window with the upper left hand corner of the frame positioned at the location (5,5) and the lower right hand corner of the frame (not the window) at the location (50,20). The color of the frame will be blue (textcolor 1) against a background of green (textcolor 2). Refer to the PC-Dos 2.0 Addendum at the end of the Turbo Referance Manual or the last page of this manual for color value constants. It will be surrounded by frame type #2 which is a double lined frame. Up to eight windows can be on the screen at one time unless the source code is modified to handle more. This is explained in the section on source modification. Try this little sample program to test the Add_window procedure: {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} Begin Initialize; Add_window(5,5,50,20,1,2,2); repeat until keypressed end. When using the Add_Window procedure keep in mind that the coordinates you give will be the coordinates of the frame of the window. The actual window will be (X1+1,Y1+1), (X2-1,Y2-1). THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 9 E--Grow_Window--F Procedure E--___________--F This procedure is essentially the same as the Add_Window procedure in all respects except that the window will start out as a small cube in the middle of the screen and appear to grow to the size of the specified coordinates. Wonderful huh? Syntax: Grow_Window(<EX1F>,<EY1F>,<EX2F>,<EY2F>,<EForegrndF>,<EBackgrndF>,<EFrameF>); All parameters for the Grow_Window procedure are the same as in the Add_Window procedure. Example call: Grow_Window(10,7,40,18,2,0,2); Try the same example program as in the Add_Window procedure description only substitute the Add_Window call with the Grow_window call from above. --ERemoveF-- Procedure --E______F-- Removes a specified number of windows from the screen without destroying any of the underlying information. Syntax: Remove(<E# of windows to removeF>); Where: E# of windows to removeF is an integer number between 1 and the number of screens that are active. Example call: Remove(1); This example call will remove the top most active window from the screen and activate the underlying window. When the underlying window is reactivated, the cursor is positioned exactly where it was when you left off. For example, I can add a window and write 'Hello' inside the window. Whenever I add a new window and then remove it, my cursor will be automatically positioned directly after 'o' in 'Hello'. Here is a little sample program: Program Remove_test; {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC}; {$I GROWWIN.INC} THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 10 Var Ch: CHar; Begin Initialize; Add_window(5,5,50,15,1,2,3); Grow_Window(30,10,60,23,11,0,2); Repeat until keypressed; Read(kbd, ch); Remove(1); Repeat until keypressed; Read(kbd,ch); Remove(1) end. Whenever using the Remove procedure, keep in mind that the number of windows to remove cannot be higher than the number of windows that are active. E--Color_Window--F Procedure E--____________--F With this command, you may change the color attributes (foreground & background colors) of the currently active window (the one on top). Syntax: Color_Window(<EForegrndF>,<EBackgrndF>); Where: EForegrndF is the new foreground color (or text color) to be used. EBackgrndF is the new background color to be used. Example call: Color_Window(12,7); This call will change the attributes of the currently active window to a foreground color of red (textcolor 12) and a background color of light grey (textcolor 7). Here is a small sample program that will create a window and then change the its color after a key is pressed: Program Change_Window_Color; {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} Var Ch: Char; Begin Initialize; Add_Window(20,10,60,20,12,0,2); THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 11 Repeat until keypressed; Read(kbd,ch); Color_Window(1,7); Repeat until keypressed; Read(kbd,ch); Remove(1) end. E--Window_Title--F Procedure E--____________--F Adds a title to the currently activated window. The title, providing you are not using frame type #4 or #5, is surrounded by brackets ([ & ]). Syntax: Window_Title('<ETitleF>',<EColorF>); Where: ETitleF is a string of characters which should be less than the width of the frame in frame. The title must be enclosed in single quotes. EColorF is the combination foreground-background (text color) of the title to be displayed. This value is determined by the formula: EColorF = Foreground + (background * 16) Example: Blue colors on a green background would be (1+(2*16)) where 1 is the value for the color blue and 2 is the value for the color green. Example call: Window_Title('TEST TITLE',(12+128)+(7*16)); This call will place the title 'TEST TITLE' at the top left hand corner of the active window. It will be flashing red characters (12+128) against a light gray background (7*16). Whenever I add 128 to any of the basic colors, they become flashing characters. Once again, a sample program: Program Title_Test; {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} Begin Add_Window(3,3,60,10,1,7,3); Window_Title('TEST TITLE',(128+12)+(7*16)) end. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 12 E--Select_Window--F Procedure E--_____________--F If you have defined an include file with EWINDODEF.COMF or have calculated the values yourself, then you may use the Select_Window procedure. (See section on WINDODEF.COM for information on defining windows to be used in your program). Syntax: Select_Window(<EWindow numberF>); Where: EWindow numberF is the number of the window to activate. Example Call: Select_Window(1); This little call activates a pre-defined window number one. -A Little on defining windows- Windows may be defined in an array and implemented into an include file as constants easily making it possible to lay out your windows before implementing them in your program. There are essentially two possible ways of doing this. You can either figure them out for yourself or use the EWINDODEF.COMF program included in this package which will do -everything- described below. The operation of the windodef program is explained in the Windodef section. I will explain how to do it yourself (the harder way), but I suggest you skip this section and read the -Using EWINDODEF.COMF- section. Ok, Here goes.. The values for windows can be pre-defined and added to your programs. The way to do this is to figure out where you want your windows to appear on the screen and enter them into constants and have the procedure create the windows for you. First, write down the x,y coordinates, attributes, and titles for your windows. The next step will be to put them into 2 constants. The syntax for the Include procedure is as follows. PROCEDURE SELECT_WINDOW(WIN_NUM: INTEGER); CONST WINDOWS: ARRAY[1..9,1..8] OF INTEGER = (<X1>,<Y1>,<X2>,<Y2>,<Foregrnd>,<backgrnd>,<Frame>, <Title Color>, {Window 1} (" " " " " ), {Window 8} (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)); {end flag,must be present} CONST TITLE: ARRAY[1..9] OF STRING[80] = ('Title #1',....,'Title #8',''); BEGIN THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 13 IF (WINDOW[WIN_NUM,7] > 0) AND (WIN_NUM > STACK_TOP) THEN BEGIN ADD_WINDOW(WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,1], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,2], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,3], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,4], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,5], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,6], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,7); IF TITLE[WIN_NUM] <> '' THEN WINDOW_TITLE(TITLE[WIN_NUM], WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,8]); END ELSE IF WINDOWS[WIN_NUM,4] > 0 THEN BEGIN IMIG[LAST_WINDOW_NUM].W1:=WHEREX; IMIG[LAST_WINDOW_NUM].W2:=WHEREY; WINDOW(1,1,80,25); GOTOXY(1,1); WITH IMIG[WIN_NUM] DO BEGIN WINDOW(X1,Y1,X2,Y2); TEXTCOLOR(C1+(B1*16)) END; GOTOXY(1,1); GOTOXY(IMIG[WIN_NUM].W1,IMIG[WIN_NUM].W2); LAST_WINDOW_NUM:=WIN_NUM END END; (See EDEMODEFS.INCF to see the real procedure) That's it.. Although, it's much easier to use the EWINDODEF.COMF program. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 14 E-Other Functions & ProceduresF- Along with the main procedures described in the previous section, there are also some smaller functions and procedures within the window manager routines which may be accessed by the user. In this section, we will discuss these and some of their applications. EActiveF function This function returns the number of windows that are pushed on the stack (on the screen). This number will be between 1 and 8 unless the source code is modified to handle more windows. See the section on modifying the source code. Syntax: <EVariableF> := Active; Where: EVariableF is an integer variable; Example call: Windows_Up := Active; This example call will assign the declared variable Windows_Up to the number of windows that are on the screen. A use for this may be to clear all the active windows off the screen like this: Remove(Active); E--Set_Page--F Procedure E--________--F Used to set the current video page. That is, the area in video RAM wich is displayed on the screen. There are four 4K pages in color (Pages 0 though 3) mode and eight 2K pages in Monochrome mode (Pages 0 through 7). Syntax: Set_Page(<EByteF>); Where: EByteF is a byte value within the range $00 though $03 for color and $00 through $07 in mono. Example call: Set_Page($01); THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 15 Sets the current video page to page 1 allowing you to write to page 0 with regular writeln and write routines. Try this small example program: Program Switch_Page; {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} Var i: Integer; Begin ClrScr; Set_Page($01); For i:=1 to 300 do write(' Hello '); Set_Page($00) end. This little program will clear the screen, switch to video page #1, which will remain cleared, fill page 0 with Hello's and then switch back to page 0 creating the illusion of speed. If you are adventurous you can play around with the other various procedures within the window manager routines. Within the source are routines to write directly to screen memory, turn off the crt, bypass the windows and write directly to screen memory, draw boxes, and various other things... THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 16 E-Using WINDODEF.COM to define windowsF- There is also a program included with the package called EWINDODEF.COMF. This program may be used to pre-define windows for implementing into your own Turbo Pascal programs. The purpose of this program is to write a E$IFnclude file. To do this just invoke the program by typing its name at the Ms-dos prompt. A menu will be displayed with EWINDODEFF functions numbered one through five. We will discuss each of these. -Option 1:- Edit/Configure window file When this option is selected the screen is cleared and you are asked which window number to define. At this point enter an integer value in between one and eight. A small 5 by 5 window is placed in the upper left hand corner of the screen. Use the cursor keys to move this box around. An explanation of the function keys is printed at the top of the screen. The window can be moved, expanded, titled, re-framed, and colored. After you have the window adjusted to your desires, just hit function key ten to return to the main menu. Now you may select one of the other options from the menu or define another window. -Option 2:- Save definitions to disk file After you have completed defining all of your windows, select this option to save the files to an include file which you may easily incorporate into your own Turbo program. The file is saved to disk under the name EDEFS.INCF. After the file is saved you may rename it to whatever you want at dos level. To use your definitions in a Turbo program, just make the first three lines of your program: {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} optional {$I GROWWIN.INC} {$I DEFS.INC} You may now use the select_window procedure described in the previous section. See the EDEMODEFS.INCF file and the EDEFDEMO.*F programs. -Option 3:- Clear defined window This option may be selected to clear a window that you have defined. This is a precaution in case you mess up a window and have all the others defined (or some of the windows). You will be prompted with "Clear window number #:". Just enter the number of the window you wish to be cleared and that window number will be completely reset. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 17 -Option 4:- Display defined windows simultaneously This option may be selected to display all your defined windows on the screen at once so you can see what they look like all together. -Option 5:- Exit to system This option is pretty much self explanatory. Just -be - -certain- to save your windows before exiting. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 18 E-The Window Manager under Monochrome-F To the best of my knowledge, this program will work fine under IBM Monochrome Graphics. All that need be done is to change the statement EScreen_Seg = $B800F in the EVAR.INCF file to EScreen_Seg = $B000F. That's all, and be sure to watch what text colors you use. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 19 E-Modifying the source codeF- If you would like to have more than eight windows on the screen at once, this is possible by modifying the source code of the EVAR.INCF file to handle this. There is a constant called -MAX_SCREENS- that may be changed to either a higher number or a lower number. If it is changed to a higher number, each additional window will require 4K of memory. Be sure you have enough memory to suit the adjustment. Memory can be conserved by lowering the number of possible windows. This will save 4K for each additional window removed. The constant -DATA_ADDRESS- points to page one in video memory. By incrementing this constant, the windows can be drawn into any portion of video memory. You can peek through the source code and remove un-needed procedures whenever you are writing a program. This will also save on memory. Please DO NOT distribute any modofied versions of this program. I wouldn't like people calling me and saying, "Hey Jim, this and this doesn't work!". Oh well, thanks for using the program and I really hope you enjoy it. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 20 E-Quick Reference SectionF- -Basic layout of your program should be as follows.- Program <program name>; {$I VAR.INC} {$I WINDMNGR.INC} <optional {$I GROWWIN.INC}> <optional {$I DEFS.INC}> <== may be renamed Your procedures and functions go here begin {Main program body} Inititialize; more code... - - - end. {end main} -Procedures:- Initialize; {Initializes stack, must be first line} Add_Window(<x1>,<y1>,<x2>,<y2>,<Foregrnd>,<Backgrnd>,<Frame>); {Adds a window of specified size} Grow_window(<x1>,<y1>,<x2>,<y2>,<Foregrnd>,<Backgrnd>,<Frame>); {Same as add_window only window appears to grow} Remove<<# to remove>); {removes a specified # of windows} Color_Window(<Foregrnd>,<Backgrnd>); {Change color attributes of window} Window_Title('<Title>',<Color>); {Adds a title to your window, color is determined by the formula color = forgrnd+(backgrnd * 16)} Select_Window(<Window #>); {Selects a predefined window, if window is already up, then it is just reactivated} Active; {Assign the number of active windows to itself, Function} Set_Page(<byte>); {sets active video page} THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 21 -Text color values- 0 black 8 gray 1 blue 9 light blue 2 green 10 light green 3 cyan 11 light cyan 4 red 12 light red 5 magenta 13 light magenta 6 brown 14 yellow 7 white 15 high intensity white Note: Adding 128 to any color makes it a blinking color. THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 22 Hello..... I am a student at The Pennsylvania State University and am in need of some extra work. If you need any program conversions, custom programming, etc.. Please give me a call or write me. I work for cheap! I program in Pascal, Fortran, PL/1, PL/C, and Basic. By June 85 I shall also know PDP-11 Assembler, 8088 Assembler, and IBM SYS/370 Assembler. So if you have some work, give a ring. Thanks, Jim Everingham Jim Everingham 318 East Sheridan Avenue DuBois Pa., 15801 814-238-9655 or 814-371-1355 after June 85 CIS: 75116,433 THE WINDOW MANAGER PAGE 23