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- ##########################################################################
- #
- # File: hebcalen.icn
- #
- # Subject: Program for combination Jewish/Civil calendar
- #
- # Author: Alan D. Corre
- #
- # Date: March 23, 1992
- #
- #########################################################################
- #
- # This work is respectfully devoted to the authors of two books
- # consulted with much profit: "A Guide to the Solar-Lunar Calendar"
- # by B. Elihu Rothblatt published by our sister Hebrew Dept. in
- # Madison, Wis., and "Kiddush HaHodesh" by Rabbenu Moses ben Maimon,
- # on whom be peace.
- #
- # The Jewish year harmonizes the solar and lunar cycle, using the
- # 19-year cycle of Meton (c. 432 BCE). It corrects so that certain
- # dates shall not fall on certain days for religious convenience. The
- # Jewish year has six possible lengths, 353, 354, 355, 383, 384, and
- # 385 days, according to day and time of new year lunation and
- # position in Metonic cycle. Time figures from 6pm previous night.
- # The lunation of year 1 is calculated to be on a Monday (our Sunday
- # night) at ll:11:20pm. Our data table begins with a hypothetical
- # year 0, corresponding to 3762 B.C.E. Calculations in this program
- # are figured in the ancient Babylonian unit of halaqim "parts" of
- # the hour = 1/1080 hour.
- #
- # Startup syntax is simply hebcalen [date], where date is a year
- # specification of the form 5750 for a Jewish year, +1990 or 1990AD
- # or 1990CE or -1990 or 1990BC or 1990BCE for a civil year.
- #
- ##########################################################################
- #
- # Requires: keyboard functions, hebcalen.dat, hebcalen.hlp
- #
- ##########################################################################
- #
- # See also: hcal4unx.icn
- #
- ##########################################################################
-
- record date(yr,mth,day)
- record molad(day,halaqim)
- global cyr,jyr,days_in_jyr,current_molad,current_day,infolist
-
- procedure main(cmd)
- local n, p
-
- clear()
- banner("PERPETUAL JEWISH/CIVIL CALENDAR","","by","","ALAN D. CORRE")
- if *cmd = 0 then {
- #putting an asterisk indicates that user might need help
- n := 1; put(cmd,"*")} else
- n := *cmd
- every p := 1 to n do {
- initialize(cmd[p])
- process()}
- end
-
- procedure banner(l[])
- #Creates a banner to begin programs. If you don't have the extended ASCII
- #character set, replace each char(n) with some character that you have
- #such as " " or "-"
- #Does not work well if your screen has variable spacing.
- local n
- write();write();write()
- writes(char(201)) #top left right angle
- writes(repl(char(205),78)) #straight line
- writes(char(187)) #top right right angle
- writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
- writes(right(char(186),79)) #upright line at right
- every n := 1 to *l do {
- writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
- writes(center(l[n],78),char(186)) #string centered followed by upright line
- writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
- writes(right(char(186),79)) #upright line at right
- }
- writes(char(200)) #bottom left right angle
- writes(repl(char(205),78)) #straight line
- write(char(188)) #bottom right right angle
- write()
- return
- end
-
- procedure instructions(filename)
- #Gives user access to a help file which is printed out in chunks.
- local filvar,counter,line
- writes("Do you need instructions? y/n ")
- if upto('yY',read()) then {
- #The following if-statement fails if the file is not available
- counter := 0
- if filvar := open(filename) then
- #Read the help file.
- while line := read(filvar) do {
- #Write out a line and increment the counter
- write(line)
- counter +:= 1
- #Now we have a screenful; ask if we should continue
- if counter >22 then {
- write()
- writes ("More? y/n ")
- #User has had enough; break out of loop
- if upto('nN',read()) then break else
- #User wants more; reset counter and continue
- counter := 0}} else
- #This else goes with the second if-statement; the attempt to open the
- #help file failed:
- write("Sorry, instructions not available.")}
- write ("Press return to continue.")
- read()
- #Close the file if it existed and was opened. If it was never opened
- #the value of filvar will be null. This check has to be made because
- #an attempt to use close() on a variable NOT valued at a file would
- #cause an error.
- /filvar | close(filvar)
- end
-
- procedure clear()
- #clears the screen. If you don't have ANSI omit the next line
- writes("\e[2J")
- end
-
- procedure initialize_list()
- #while user views banner, put info of hebcalen.dat into a global list
- local infile,n
- infolist := list(301)
- if not (infile := open("hebcalen.dat")) then
- stop("This program must have the file hebcalend.dat line in order to _
- function properly.")
- #the table is arranged arbitrarily at twenty year intervals with 301 entries.
- every n := 1 to 301 do
- infolist[n] := read(infile)
- close(infile)
- end
-
- procedure initialize_variables()
- #get the closest previous year in the table
- local line,quotient
- quotient := jyr.yr / 20 + 1
- #only 301 entries. Figure from last if necessary.
- if quotient > 301 then quotient := 301
- #pull the appropriate info, put into global variables
- line := infolist[quotient]
- line ? { current_molad.day := tab(upto('%'))
- move(1)
- current_molad.halaqim := tab(upto('%'))
- move(1)
- cyr.mth := tab(upto('%'))
- move(1)
- cyr.day := tab(upto('%'))
- move(1)
- cyr.yr := tab(upto('%'))
- days_in_jyr := line[-3:0]
- }
- #begin at rosh hashana
- jyr.day := 1
- jyr.mth := 7
- return
- end
-
- procedure initialize(yr)
- local year
- #initialize global variables
- initial { cyr := date(0,0,0)
- jyr := date(0,0,0)
- current_molad := molad(0,0)
- initialize_list()}
- clear()
- #user may need help
- if yr == "*" then {
- instructions("hebcalen.hlp")
- clear()
- writes("Please enter the year. If you are entering a CIVIL year, precede _
- by + for \ncurrent era, - (the minus sign) for before current era. ")
- year := read()} else
- year := yr
- while not (jyr.yr := cleanup(year)) do {
- writes("I do not understand ",year,". Please try again ")
- year := read()}
- clear()
- initialize_variables()
- return
- end
-
- procedure cleanup(str)
- #tidy up the string. Bugs still possible.
- if (not upto('.+-',str)) & integer(str) & (str > 0) then return str
- if upto('-bB',str) then return (0 < (3761 - checkstr(str)))
- if upto('+cCaA',str) then return (checkstr(str) + 3760)
- fail
- end
-
- procedure checkstr(s)
- #does preliminary work on string before cleanup() cleans it up
- local letter,n,newstr
- newstr := ""
- every n := 1 to *s do
- if integer(s[n]) then
- newstr ||:= s[n]
- if (*newstr = 0) | (newstr = 0) then fail
- return newstr
- end
-
- procedure process()
- local ans, yj, n
-
- #gets out the information
- local limit,dj,dc
- #this contains a correction
- #6039 is last year handled by the table in the usual way
- #The previous line should read 6019. Code has been corrected to erase
- #this mistake.
- if jyr.yr <= 6019 then {
- limit := jyr.yr % 20
- jyr.yr := ((jyr.yr / 20) * 20)} else {
- #otherwise figure from 6020 and good luck
- #This has been corrected to 6000
- limit := jyr.yr - 6000
- jyr.yr := 6000}
- ans := "y"
- establish_jyr()
- every 1 to limit do {
- #tell user something is going on
- writes(" .")
- #increment the years, establish the type of Jewish year
- cyr_augment()
- jyr_augment()
- establish_jyr()}
- clear()
- while upto('Yy',ans) do {
- yj := jyr.yr
- dj := days_in_jyr
- every n := 1 to 4 do {
- clear()
- every 1 to 3 do
- write_a_month()
- write("Press the space bar to continue")
- write()
- writes(status_line(yj,dj))
- #be sure that your version of Icon recognises the function getch()
- getch()}
- if jyr.mth = 6 then {
- clear()
- write_a_month()
- every 1 to 15 do write()
- write(status_line(yj,dj))}
- write()
- writes("Do you wish to continue? Enter y<es> or n<o>. ")
- #be sure that your version of Icon recognises the function getch()
- ans := getch()}
- return
- end
-
- procedure cyr_augment()
- #Make civil year a year later, we only need consider Aug,Sep,Oct.
- local days,newmonth,newday
- if cyr.mth = 8 then
- days := 0 else
- if cyr.mth = 9 then
- days := 31 else
- if cyr.mth = 10 then
- days := 61 else
- stop("Error in cyr_augment")
- writes(" .")
- days := (days + cyr.day-365+days_in_jyr)
- if isleap(cyr.yr + 1) then days -:= 1
- #cos it takes longer to get there
- if days <= 31 then {newmonth := 8; newday := days} else
- if days <= 61 then {newmonth := 9; newday := days-31} else
- {newmonth := 10; newday := days-61}
- cyr.mth := newmonth
- cyr.day := newday
- cyr.yr +:= 1
- if cyr.yr = 0 then cyr.yr := 1
- return
- end
-
-
- procedure header()
- #creates the header for Jewish and English side. If ANSI not available,
- #substitute "S" for "\e[7mS\e[0m" each time.
- write(repl(" ",7),"S",repl(" ",2),"M",repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"W",
- repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"F",repl(" ",2),"\e[7mS\e[0m",repl(" ",27),
- "S",repl(" ",2),"M",repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"W",
- repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"F",repl(" ",2),"\e[7mS\e[0m")
- end
-
- procedure write_a_month()
- #writes a month on the screen
- header()
- every 1 to 5 do
- write(make_a_line())
- if jyr.day ~= 1 then
- write(make_a_line())
- write()
- return
- end
-
- procedure status_line(a,b)
- #create the status line at the bottom of screen
- local sline,c,d
- c := cyr.yr
- if (cyr.day = 1) & (cyr.mth = 1) then c -:= 1
- d := 365
- if isleap(c) then d := 366
- #if ANSI not available omit "\e[7m" and "|| "\e[0m""
- sline := ("\e[7mYear of Creation: " || a || " Days in year: " || b ||
- " Civil year: " || c || " Days in year: " || d || "\e[0m")
- return sline
- end
-
- procedure make_a_line()
- #make a single line of the months
- local line,blanks1,blanks2,start_point,end_point,flag,fm
-
- #consider the first line of the month
- if jyr.day = 1 then {
- line := mth_table(jyr.mth,1)
- #setting flag means insert civil month at end of line
- flag := 1 } else
- line := repl(" ",3)
- #consider the case where first day of civil month is on Sunday
- if (cyr.day = 1) & (current_day = 1) then flag := 1
- #space between month name and beginning of calendar
- line ||:= repl(" ",2)
- #measure indentation for first line
- line ||:= blanks1 := repl(" ",3*(current_day-1))
- #establish start point for Hebrew loop
- start_point := current_day
- #establish end point for Hebrew loop and run civil loop
- every end_point := start_point to 7 do {
- line ||:= right(jyr.day,3)
- if not j_augment() then {jyr_augment(); establish_jyr(); current_day -:= 1; if current_day = 0 then current_day := 7}
- d_augment()
- if jyr.day = 1 then break }
- #measure indentation for last line
- blanks2 := repl(" ",3*(7-end_point))
- line ||:= blanks2; line ||:= repl(" ",25); line ||:= blanks1
- every start_point to end_point do {
- line ||:= right(cyr.day,3)
- if (cyr.day = 1) then flag := 1
- augment()}
- line ||:= blanks2 ||:= repl(" ",3)
- fm := cyr.mth
- if cyr.day = 1 then
- if cyr.mth = 1 then fm := 12 else fm := cyr.mth - 1
- if \flag then line ||:= mth_table(fm,2) else
- line ||:= repl(" ",3)
- return line
- end
-
- procedure mth_table(n,p)
- #generates the short names of Jewish and Civil months. Get to civil side
- #by adding 13 (=max no of Jewish months)
- static corresp
- initial corresp := ["NIS","IYA","SIV","TAM","AV ","ELU","TIS","HES","KIS",
- "TEV","SHE","ADA","AD2","JAN","FEB","MAR","APR","MAY","JUN","JUL","AUG","SEP",
- "OCT","NOV","DEC"]
- if (p ~= 1) & (p ~= 2) then stop("ERROR IN MTH-TABLE") else
- if p = 2 then n +:= 13
- return corresp[n]
- end
-
- procedure d_augment()
- #increment the day of the week
- current_day +:= 1
- if current_day = 8 then current_day := 1
- return
- end
-
- procedure augment()
- #increments civil day, modifies month and year if necessary, stores in
- #global variable cyr
- if cyr.day < 28 then
- cyr.day +:= 1 else
- if cyr.day = 28 then {
- if (cyr.mth ~= 2) | ((cyr.mth = 2) & isleap(cyr.yr)) then
- cyr.day := 29 else {
- cyr.mth := 3
- cyr.day := 1}} else
- if cyr.day = 29 then {
- if cyr.mth ~= 2 then
- cyr.day := 30 else {
- cyr.mth := 3
- cyr.day := 1}} else
- if cyr.day = 30 then {
- if is_31(cyr.mth) then
- cyr.day := 31 else {
- cyr.mth +:= 1
- cyr.day := 1}} else {
- cyr.day := 1
- if cyr.mth ~= 12 then
- cyr.mth +:= 1 else {
- cyr.mth := 1
- cyr.yr +:= 1
- if cyr.yr = 0
- then cyr.yr := 1}}
- return
- end
-
- procedure is_31(n)
- #civil months with 31 days
- return n = 1 | n = 3 | n = 5 | n = 7 | n = 8 | n = 10 | n = 12
- end
-
- procedure isleap(n)
- #checks for civil leap year
- if n > 0 then
- return (n % 400 = 0) | ((n % 4 = 0) & (n % 100 ~= 0)) else
- return (n % 400 = -1) | ((n % 4 = -1) & (n % 100 ~= -1))
- end
-
- procedure j_augment()
- #increments jewish day. months are numbered from nisan, adar sheni is 13.
- #procedure fails at elul to allow determination of type of new year
- if jyr.day < 29 then
- jyr.day +:= 1 else
- if (jyr.day = 30) | always_29(jyr.mth) | ((jyr.mth = 8) &
- (days_in_jyr % 5 ~= 0)) | ((jyr.mth = 9) & ((days_in_jyr = 353) |
- (days_in_jyr = 383))) then
- jyr.mth +:= jyr.day := 1 else
- if jyr.mth = 6 then fail else
- if ((jyr.mth = 12) & (days_in_jyr < 383)) | (jyr.mth = 13) then
- jyr.mth := jyr.day := 1 else
- jyr.day := 30
- return
- end
-
- procedure always_29(n)
- #uncomplicated jewish months with 29 days
- return n = 2 | n = 4 | n = 10
- end
-
- procedure jyr_augment()
- #determines the current time of lunation, using the ancient babylonian unit
- #of 1/1080 of an hour. lunation of tishri determines type of year. allows
- #for leap year. halaqim = parts of the hour
- local days, halaqim
- days := current_molad.day + 4
- if days_in_jyr <= 355 then {
- halaqim := current_molad.halaqim + 9516
- days := ((days +:= halaqim / 25920) % 7)
- if days = 0 then days := 7
- halaqim := halaqim % 25920} else {
- days +:= 1
- halaqim := current_molad.halaqim + 23269
- days := ((days +:= halaqim / 25920) % 7)
- if days = 0 then days := 7
- halaqim := halaqim % 25920}
- current_molad.day := days
- current_molad.halaqim := halaqim
- #reset the global variable which holds the current jewish date
- jyr.yr +:= 1 #increment year
- jyr.day := 1
- jyr.mth := 7
- establish_jyr()
- return
- end
-
- procedure establish_jyr()
- #establish the jewish year from get_rh
- local res
- res := get_rh(current_molad.day,current_molad.halaqim,no_lunar_yr(jyr.yr))
- days_in_jyr := res[2]
- current_day := res[1]
- return
- end
-
- procedure isin1(i)
- #the isin procedures are sets of years in the Metonic cycle
- return i = (1 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18)
- end
-
- procedure isin2(i)
- return i = (2 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 16)
- end
-
- procedure isin3(i)
- return i = (3 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 0)
- end
-
- procedure isin4(i)
- return i = (1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 18)
- end
-
- procedure isin5(i)
- return i = (1 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 15)
- end
-
- procedure isin6(i)
- return i = (2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18)
- end
-
- procedure no_lunar_yr(i)
- #what year in the metonic cycle is it?
- return i % 19
- end
-
- procedure get_rh(d,h,yr)
- #this is the heart of the program. check the day of lunation of tishri
- #and determine where breakpoint is that sets the new moon day in parts
- #of the hour. return result in a list where 1 is day of rosh hashana and
- #2 is length of jewish year
- local c,result
- c := no_lunar_yr(yr)
- result := list(2)
- if d = 1 then {
- result[1] := 2
- if (h < 9924) & isin4(c) then result[2] := 353 else
- if (h < 22091) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 383 else
- if (h > 9923) & (isin1(c) | isin2(c)) then result[2] := 355 else
- if (h > 22090) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 385
- } else
- if d = 2 then {
- if ((h < 16789) & isin1(c)) |
- ((h < 19440) & isin2(c)) then {
- result[1] := 2
- result[2] := 355
- } else
- if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 2
- result[2] := 385
- } else
- if ((h > 16788) & isin1(c)) |
- ((h > 19439) & isin2(c)) then {
- result[1] := 3
- result[2] := 354
- } else
- if (h > 19439) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 3
- result[2] := 384
- }
- } else
- if d = 3 then {
- if (h < 9924) & (isin1(c) | isin2(c)) then {
- result[1] := 3
- result[2] := 354
- } else
- if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 3
- result[2] := 384
- } else
- if (h > 9923) & isin4(c) then {
- result[1] := 5
- result[2] := 354
- } else
- if (h > 19439) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 5
- result[2] := 383}
- } else
- if d = 4 then {
- result[1] := 5
- if isin4(c) then result[2] := 354 else
- if h < 12575 then result[2] := 383 else
- result[2] := 385
- } else
- if d = 5 then {
- if (h < 9924) & isin4(c) then {
- result[1] := 5
- result[2] := 354} else
- if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 5
- result[2] := 385
- } else
- if (9923 < h < 19440) & isin4(c) then {
- result[1] := 5
- result[2] := 355
- } else
- if h > 19439 then {
- result[1] := 7
- if isin3(c) then result[2] := 383 else
- result[2] := 353
- }
- } else
- if d = 6 then {
- result[1] := 7
- if ((h < 408) & isin5(c)) | ((h < 9924) & isin6(c)) then
- result[2] := 353 else
- if ((h < 22091) & isin3(c)) then result[2] := 383 else
- if ((h > 407) & isin5(c)) | ((h > 9923) & isin6(c)) then
- result[2] := 355 else
- if (h > 22090) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 385
- } else
- if d = 7 then if (h < 19440) & (isin5(c) | isin6(c)) then {
- result[1] := 7
- result[2] := 355
- } else
- if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
- result[1] := 7
- result[2] := 385
- } else {
- result[1] := 2
- if isin4(c) then
- result[2] := 353 else
- result[2] := 383}
- return result
- end
-