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chapter8.2b
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àï8.2è Subtracting Rational Numbers.
äèPlease Subtract the following Rational Numbers.
âSë1)ë 3 - 4è=è3 + (-4)è=è-1
êë 2)ë (-5) - (-6)è=è(-5) + 6è=è1
êë 3)ë 8 - (-5)è=è8 + 5è=è13
êë 4)ë -7 - 5è=è-7 + (-5)è=è-12
éSè There is only one rule for subtracting Rational Numbers.
Since Rules 1 and 2 were about Addition, we will call this Rule 3.
RULE 3ëIn order to Subtract two Rational Numbers, you should first
change the Subtraction operation to the Addition operation.ïThen,
change the sign of the second number to the opposite sign.ïFinally,
you should treat the resulting problem as an Addition problem using
Rules 1 and 2.
ëIn order to perform the Subtraction ,ï3 - 4 , you should change
the Subtraction operation to the Addition operation and change "4"
to "-4".êêë3 - 4è=è3 + (-4)
Now use Rule 2 for Adding Rational Numbers with unlike signs (smaller
from the larger, sign of the larger).
êêêê3 + (-4)è=è-1
Thus,ï3 - 4è=è3 + (-4)è=è-1.
ëIn order to perform the Subtraction,ï(-5) - (-6)ï, you should
change the Subtraction operation to the Addition operation and change
"-6" to "6".êè (-5) - (-6)è=è(-5) + 6
Now use Rule 2 for Adding Rational Numbers with unlike signs (smaller
from the larger, sign of the larger).
êêêë (-5) + 6è=è1
Thus,ï(-5) - (-6)è=è(-5) + 6è=è1.
ëIn order to perform the Subtraction,ï8 - (-5)ï,ïyou should
change the Subtraction operation to the Addition operation and change
"-5" to "5".êê8 - (-5)è=è8 + 5
Now use Rule 1 for Adding Rational Numbers with like signs (add the
numbers and attach the common sign).ë8 + 5è=è13
êïSimilarly,è-7 - 5è=è-7 + (-5)è=è-12.
ëThus, the subtraction rule changes the problem back to the two add-
tion rules. The subtraction rule is sometimes stated symbolically as
"a - bï=ïa + (-b)".ïRemember, there is only one subtraction rule
and it has never changed in the past and will never change in the
future.ïMoreover, this one rule works for all numbers.
ï1
êêêëSubtract,ï4 - 16.
êA)ï20êèB)ï-12êïC)ï12êèD)ïå
ü
êêê4 - 16è=è4 + (-16)è=è-12
Ç B
ï2
êêêëSubtract,ï(-5) - (-12)
êA)ï-17êïB)ï17êèC)ï7êè D)ïå
ü
êêê(-5) - (-12)è=è(-5) + 12è=è7
Ç C
ï3
êêêëSubtract,ï9 - (-3).
êA)ï12êèB)ï-6êèC)ï6êè D)ïå
ü
êêê 9 - (-3)è=è9 + 3è=è12
Ç A
ï4
êêêëSubtract,ï6 - (-8).
êA)ï-14êïB)ï14êèC)ï2êè D)ïå
ü
êêê 6 - (-8)è=è6 + 8è=è14
Ç B
ï5
êêêëSubtract,ï(-12) - 8.
êA)ï-4êèB)ï4êè C)ï-20êïD)ïå
ü
êêê (-12) - 8è=è(-12) + (-8)è=è-20
Ç C
ï6
êêêëSubtract,ï-7 - 9.
êA)ï-2êèB)ï-16êïC)ï16êèD)ïå
ü
êêë -7 - 9è=è-7 + (-9)è=è-16
Ç B
ï7
êêêëSubtract,ï-6 - (-15).
êA)ï9êè B)ï-21êïC)ï12êèD)ïå
ü
êêë -6 - (-15)è=è-6 + 15è=è9
Ç A
ï8
êêêëSubtract,ï-14 - (-23).
êA)ï37êèB)ï-37êïC)ï9êè D)ïå
ü
êêë -14 - (-23)è=è-14 + 23è=è9
Ç C
ï9
êêêëSubtract,ï(.6) - (-1.4).
êA)ï.8êèB)ï2êè C)ï-.8êïD)ïå
ü
êêè (.6) - (-1.4)è=è(.6) + 1.4è=è2
Ç B
ï10
êêêëSubtract,ï-4.5 - 2.7.
êA)ï1.8êïB)ï-1.8ê C)ï-7.2ê D)ïå
ü
êêï-4.5 - 2.7è=è-4.5 + (-2.7)è=è-7.2
Ç C
ï11
êêêëSubtract,ï14 - 0.
êA)ï14êèB)ï0êè C)ï-14êïD)ïå
ü
êêï14 - 0è=è14 + (-0)è=è14 + 0è=è14
Ç A
ï12
êêêëSubtract,ï-8 - 8.
êA)ï0êè B)ï-16êïC)ï16êèD)ïå
ü
êêë -8 - 8è=è-8 + (-8)è=è-16
Ç B
#ï13êêêë3è┌è2 ┐
#êêêëSubtract,ï─ - │ - ─ │
#êêêêêï5è└è5 ┘
êè 1êêè 1
#êA)ï─êëB)ï- ─êïC)ï1êè D)ïå
êè 5êêè 5
ü
#êêï3è┌è2 ┐ê3è2ê5
#êêï─ - │ - ─ │è=è─ + ─è=è─è=è1
#êêï5è└è5 ┘ê5è5ê5
Ç C
#ï14êêêè ┌è3 ┐è┌è5 ┐
#êêêëSubtract, │ - ─ │ - │ - ─ │
#êêêêê └è8 ┘è└è8 ┘
êè 1êêêêë 1
#êA)ï─êëB)ï- 1êïC)ï- ─êïD)ïå
êè 4êêêêë 4
ü
#êë┌è3 ┐è┌è5 ┐ê┌è3 ┐è5ê2ê1
#êë│ - ─ │ - │ - ─ │è=è│ - ─ │ + ─è=è─è=è─
#êë└è8 ┘è└è8 ┘ê└è8 ┘è8ê8ê4
Ç A
#ï15êêêë4è┌è 8 ┐
#êêêëSubtract, ── - │ - ── │.
#êêêêê 15è└è15 ┘
êë4êêè 4êë4
#êA)ï──êè B)ï- ──ê C)ï─êè D)ïå
êè 15êêè15êë5
ü
#êêè4è┌è 8 ┐ê 4è 8ê12ê4
#êêï── - │ - ── │è=è── + ──è=è──è=è─
#êêï15è└è15 ┘ê15è15ê15ê5
Ç C
#ï16êêêè ┌è2 ┐è11
#êêêëSubtract, │ - ─ │ - ── .
#êêêêê └è3 ┘è15
êë 11êë 7ê2êë 4
#êA)ï- ──êB)ï- ─ or -1 ─ë C)ï- ──ê D)ïå
êë 15êë 5ê5êë15
ü
#è┌è2 ┐è11ë┌è2 ┐è┌è11 ┐ë┌ï10┐ ┌ï11┐ë21ë7
#è│ - ─ │ - ──ï=ï│ - ─ │ + │ - ── │ï=ï│- ──│+│- ──│ = - ── = - ─
#è└è3 ┘è15ë└è3 ┘è└è15 ┘ë└ï15┘ └ï15┘ë15ë5
Ç B
ï17êêêê3è1
#êêêê Subtract, ─ - ─ .
êêêêêè 4è3
êë 13êè 1êêè5
#êA)ï- ──êB)ï─êëC)ï──êèD)ïå
êë 12êè 4êêï12
ü
#êë3è1ê3è┌è1 ┐ê 9è┌è 4 ┐ê 5
#êë─ - ─è=è─ + │ - ─ │è=è── + │ - ── │è=è──
#êë4è3ê4è└è3 ┘ê12è└è12 ┘ê12
Ç C
#ï18êêêêï3è┌è 2 ┐
#êêêê Subtract, - ─ - │ - ── │.
#êêêêêë 5è└è15 ┘
êê7êë9êêè 1
#êA)ï- ──êB)ï──êè C)ï- ──ê D)ïå
êë 18êè 15êêè15
ü
#êè 3è┌è 2 ┐êï3è 2êè9è 2êè7
#êï- ─ - │ - ── │è=è- ─ + ──è=è- ── + ──è=è- ──
#êè 5è└è15 ┘êï5è15êï15è15êï15
Ç D
ï19
êêêê Subtract, 12 - 6.
êA)ï18êïB)ï6êëC)ï-6êèD)ïå
ü
êêê12 - 6è=è12 + (-6)è=è6
Ç B
#ï20êêêêè 1è┌è2 ┐
#êêêê Subtract, - 3 ─ - │ 2 ─ │.
#êêêêêê 8è└è3 ┘
êê7êê 19êë 11
#êA)ï- ──êB)ï- 5 ──êC)ï- ──ê D)ïå
êê8êê 24êë 24
ü
#ë 1è┌è2 ┐ê 25è8ê 75è┌ï64┐ê139ê19
#ï- 3 ─ - │ 2 ─ │ï=è- ── - ─è=ï- ── + │- ──│ï=ï- ─── or -5 ──
#ë 8è└è3 ┘êï8è3ê 24è└ï24┘ê 24ê24
Ç B