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chapter4.4b
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à 4.4ïUsing Proportions to Solve Word Problems.
äè Please use Proportions to Solve the following Word
êêïProblems.
âèIf 3 cups of flour will make 2 loaves of bread, how many cups
will be needed for 6 loaves?
êêêêêêè3∙6ï=ï2∙x
ï3 cupsêx cupsê 3ëxêè18ï=ï2∙xë x = 9 cups
# ────────ï=ï────────ï,è ─ï=ï─è,ë 18êè ,
# 2 loavesë6 loavesê2ë6êè──ï=ïx
êêêêêêë2
éS "If 3 cups of flour will make 2 loaves of bread, how many cups
will be needed for 6 loaves?"
è To solve this problem using a proportion, you should first set two
Rates equal to each other to form an equation.
êêêè3 cupsêè x cups
#êêêï────────è =è ────────
êêêï2 loavesêï6 loaves
Note that the units on top and bottom of each side of the equation
agree.ï"cups" is on top and "loaves" is on the bottom on both sides.
It is necessary that the units agree on both sides.ïOnce you have
determined that this agreement exists, then just drop the units.
êêêêè3êx
#êêêêè─è=è─
êêêêè2ê6
Next, you should solve the proportion by cross multiplying.
êêêê 3∙6è=è2∙x
êêêêï18è=è2∙x
êêêê18/2è=èx
êêêêè9è=èx
Finally, the unit is placed with the answer.è xï=ï9 cups of flour.
This problem could also have been solved by setting two Ratios equal
to each other.
êêêè 3 cupsêï2 loaves
#êêêè ──────è =è ────────
êêêè x cupsêï6 loaves
ë3ê2
#ë─è=è─è,è 3∙6è=è2∙xè ,è 18è=è2∙xï,ïx = 9 cups
ëxê6
ï1
êëIf 2 gallons of paint will cover 3 rooms, how many gallons
êëwill it take to cover 12 rooms?
ë A)ï10 gal.ë B)ï8 gal.êC)ï9 gal.êD)ïå
ü
êêê 2 gallonsêïx gallons
#êêê ─────────è =è ─────────
êêêï3 roomsêè12 rooms
êêêêï2êèx
#êêêêï─è =è ──
êêêêï3êï12
êêêê 2∙12ï=ï3∙x
êêêê 24/3ï=ïx
êêêë 8 gallonsï=ïx
Ç B
ï2
êëIf two cans of beans cost $.84, how much will 12 cans
êëcost?
ë A)ï$5.04ê B)ï$4.50ê C)ï$3.00ê D)ïå
ü
êêêè 2 cansêï12 cans
#êêêè ──────è =è ───────
êêêë$.84êë x
êêêêï2êï12
#êêêê ──è =è ──
êêêê.84êèx
êêêêï2∙xï=ï.84∙12
êêêêè xï=ï(10.08)/2
êêêêè xï=ï$5.04
Ç A
ï3
êëIf you drive 300 miles on 10 gal., how far can you drive
êëon 14 gal.?
ë A)ï380 milesè B)ï390 milesè C)ï420 milesè D)ïå
ü
êêê 300 milesêïx miles
#êêê ─────────è =è ───────
êêêï10 gal.êè 14 gal.
êêêê300êèx
#êêêê───è =è ──
êêêê 10êï14
êêêë 300∙14ï=ï10∙x
êêêë4200/10ï=ïx
êêêè420 milesï=ïx
Ç C
ï4
êëIf 3 inches on a map is 26 miles, how many miles is
êë12 inches?
êA)ï134 milesè B)ï126 milesè C)ï104 milesè D)ïå
ü
êêêï3 inchesêï12 inches
#êêêï────────è =è ─────────
êêêï26 milesêè x miles
êêêêï3êï12
#êêêê ──è =è ──
êêêê 26êèx
êêêêï3∙xï=ï12∙26
êêêêè xï=ï312/3
êêêêè xï=ï104 miles
Ç C
ï5
êëIf you can make 20 parts in 4 hours, how many parts can
êëyou make in 12 hours?
êA)ï60 partsëB)ï55 partsëC)ï65 partsëD)ïå
ü
êêêï20 partsêèx parts
#êêêï────────è =è ─────────
êêêï4 hoursêè12 hours
êêêê 20êèx
#êêêê ──è =è ──
êêêêï4êï12
êêêê20∙12ï=ï4∙x
êêêê240/4ï=ïx
êêêè 60 partsï=ïx
Ç A
ï6
êëIf a 6 foot pole has a 3 foot shadow, how tall is a tree
êëwith a 20 foot shadow?
ê A)ï35 ft.êB)ï40 ft.êC)ï38 ft.êD)ïå
ü
êêê6 ft. poleêïx ft. tree
#êêë────────────è =è ─────────────
êêë3 ft. shadowêï20 ft. shadow
êêêêï6êèx
#êêêêï─è =è ──
êêêêï3êï20
êêêê 6∙20ï=ï3∙x
êêêê120/3ï=ïx
êêêë 40 ft.ï=ïx
Ç B
ï7
êëIf 1 bag of lime covers 100 square feet, how many bags are
êëneeded to cover 1200 square feet?
êA)ï12 bagsë B)ï14 bagsë C)ï16 bagsë D)ïå
ü
êêêï1 bagêê x bags
#êêë ───────────è =è ────────────
êêë 100 sq. ft.êï1200 sq. ft.
êêêê 1êè x
#êêêê───è =è ────
êêêê100êï1200
êêêë 1∙1200ï=ï100∙x
êêêè 1200/100ï=ïx
êêêë12 bagsï=ïx
Ç A
ï8
êëIf 3 miles is equal to 4.8 km., how many km. is
êë20 miles?
êA)ï28.6 km.ëB)ï32 km.êC)ï34.4 km.ëD)ïå
ü
êêêè 3 mi.êè20 mi.
#êêêè───────è =è ──────
êêêè4.8 km.êïx km.
êêêê 3êè20
#êêêê───è =è ──
êêêê4.8êèx
êêêêï3∙xï=ï4.8∙20
êêêêè xï=ï96/3
êêêêè xï=ï32 km.
Ç B
ï9
êëIf 2 oz. of medicine is 1 dose, how many oz. is
êë12 doses?
êA)ï16 oz.êB)ï18 oz.êC)ï24 oz.êD)ïå
ü
êêêë2 oz.êèx oz.
#êêêè ──────è =è ────────
êêêè 1 doseêï12 doses
êêêêï2êèx
#êêêêï─è =è ──
êêêêï1êï12
êêêê 2∙12ï=ï1∙x
êêêê 24/1ï=ïx
êêêë 24 oz.ï=ïx
Ç C
ï10
êëIf an investment of $4,000 earns $580, how much will $20,000
êëearn?
êA)ï$2,900êB)ï$1,800êC)ï$1,700êD)ïå
ü
êêêè $4,000êï$20,000
#êêêè ──────è =è ───────
êêêë$580êë$x
êêêë4,000êï20,000
#êêêë─────è =è ──────
êêêê580êè x
êêêë4,000∙xï=ï580∙20,000
êêêêè xï=ï11,600,000/4,000
êêêêè xï=ï$2,900
Ç A