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à 8.2èThe Semicolon
ä:èIn the sentences in the Example, underline the ones that
properly use the semicolon.
#âS:è╕My coupons have expired; now I will have to borrow yours.
#êë╕I grew fearful; I retreated; I surrendered.
#êë╗I watched him go past the boundary marker; and into the
#êë╗termite mound.
#╗êë╕I got pneumonia; as a result, I was out of school for
#êë╕a week.
éS In a compound sentence, semicolons take the place of a comma and
a coordinating conjunction, precede a conjunctive adverb, or precede a
transitional phrase that acts as a conjunctive adverb.ïSometimes semi-
colons replace a comma in front of a coordinating conjunction in a sen-
tence that already has many commas.ïAn example of a semicolon taking
#the place of a comma and a coordinating conjunction is as follows: ╖I
#╖see your invention; I don't care for it.ï╗An example of a semicolon
#that precedes a conjunctive adverb is as follows: ╖Humphrey worried
#╖about Harold being at sea; soon a tidal wave would be in the vicinity
#╖of Harold's vessel. ╗An example of a semicolon preceding a transitional
#phrase is as follows: ╖Dana was well established in her new home; as a
#╖matter of fact, she had her curtains up one day after moving in.╗ An
example of a semicolon replacing a comma in front of a coordinating
conjunction in a sentence that already has many commas is as follows:
#╖Fran, ╖as far as I am able to determine, has recovered her antique
#╖sap╖phire ╖necklace; but how much, do you think, she suffered in the
#╖mean╖time?
1.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
semicolon?
A)ïThe azaleas are almost in full bloom; soon the tourists will be
è stampeding into town.
B)ïJump over the line; because I dare you.
C)ïI searched for the bird food; but I could not find it.
D)ïå
üèThe sentence containing the semicolon before the conjunctive
#adverb ╢soon ╗correctly uses the semicolon.ïIt appropriately connects
#two related independent clauses: ╢the azaleas are almost in full bloom ╗
#and ╖╖╢the tourists will be stampeding into town.ï╗In another sentence,
#a semicolon wrongly connects the adverb dependent clause ╖because I dare
#╖you ╗to the independent clause ╖jump over the line.ï╗Use a comma in-
stead, for semicolons never join a fragment to an independent clause.
In the remaining sentence, a compound sentence, the semicolon is
unnecessary.ïAll that is required is a comma before the coordinating
#conjunction ╖but.╗
Ç A
2.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
semicolon?
A)ïThe giant trashed the farm house; while Gertrude ripped out gobs
è of her hair.
B)ïI whisked the baby away from the reptile; in the meantime, it began
è to thunder.
C)ïSince he could not read the book; Joe slammed it against the wall.
üèThe semicolon is used properly to connect two closely related
#independent clauses, one beginning with ╢I whisked ╗and the other intro-
#duced by the prepositional phrase ╢in the meantime.ï╗Very often semi-
#colons are used in front of transitional expressions like ╢in the mean-
#╢time ╗that relate one independent clause to another.ïIn another sen-
tence, the semicolon directly in front of the dependent adverb clause
#╖╗beginning with╖ while Gertrude ripped╗ wrongly connects a fragment to
#the independent clause beginning with ╖the giant.╗ïUse a comma instead.
In the remaining sentence, the semicolon directly following the
#adverb dependent clause beginning with ╖because he could ╗wrongly con-
#nects a fragment to the independent clause beginning with ╖Joe slammed.
Use a comma instead.
Ç B
3.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
semicolon?
A)ïThe engine began to sputter; the lights dimmed, the car stopped.
B)ïThe man awoke, he lurched forward; he regained his balance.
C)ïThe land was surveyed; it was bulldozed; it was filled with concrete
è for a parking lot.
D)ïå
üèEach one of ç sentences contains three independent clauses.
#But only the one with the two semicolons, one after ╢surveyed ╗and the
#one after ╢bulldozed╗, is correctly punctuated to form three compound
sentences.ïIn another sentence, the semicolon wrongly connects an in-
#╗dependent clause to the run-on-sentence ╖the lights dimmed, the car
#╖stopped.ï╗In the remaining sentence, the semicolon wrongly joins a
#╖╗run-on-sentence to the independent clause ╖he regained his balance.
In both cases, the comma responsible for the run-on-sentence should be
replaced by a semicolon to form three compound sentences.
Ç C
4.èWhich one of the following sentences correctly uses a
semicolon?
A)ïThe crack in the plaster, for as long as I can remember, has been
è a chronic, frustrating problem; yet soon it will be fixed.
B)ïGive me soup; nuts; and red peppers.
C)ïWill increased taxes; and falling interest rates doom us all?
D)ïå
üèThere are so many commas within the compound sentence beginning
#with ╢the crack in the plaster ╗that it is necessary to substitute a
semicolon for a comma that would normally precede the coordinating con-
#junction ╢yet╗ joining the two independent clauses.ïIn ╖Give me soup;
#╗╖nuts; and red peppers, ╗the two semicolons incorrectly separate three
#╖╗items in a series that require two commas.ïIn the remaining sentence,
#╖╗the semicolon incorrectly joins two fragments, each containing one
#half of a compound subject: ╖increased taxes ╗and ╖falling interest
#╖rates.ï╗Replace the semicolon with a comma.
Ç A
ä:èIn the sentences in the Example, underline the one that
correctly uses the semicolon.
âS:èThe three boys Marianne tried to avoid were; Thomas, who
êësnaps his fingers, John; who throws gum, and Joseph; who
êëbelches.
#êë╕Sarah, my most mature child, reads autobiographies; Jack, my
#êë╕only boy, reads westerns; and Jill, my youngest child, reads
#êë╕romances.
éS When there are many commas in a series, semicolons, to avoid
awkwardness and even confusion, can replace commas normally used to
separate the items in a series.ïObserve all the commas in the following
#sentence: ╖The geographer spoke about rubber plants, which grow in
#╖Central America, African deserts, which are uninhabited by nomads, and
#╖an isolated tribe in Central Asia, whose chief has a degree from
#╖Harvard University.ï╗There is some confusion because the second item
#in the series beginning with ╖African deserts ╗could be seen as the
first item, as if rubber plants grew in African deserts as well as in
Central America.ïTherefore, for the sake of clarity, a semicolon should
#replace the comma after ╖American.ïAn isolated tribe, ╗the beginning of
the third item in the series, looks like it could be another example,
besides nomads, of a people who can not live in African deserts.ïRe-
#placing the comma after ╖nomads ╗with a semicolon will avoid possible
#confusion.ïThe revised sentence would be as follows: ╖The geographer
#╖spoke about rubber plants, which grow in Central America; African
#╖deserts, which are uninhabited by nomads; and an isolated tribe in
#╖Central Asia, whose chief has a degree from Harvard University.
5. Which one of the following is effectively punctuated?
A)ïSue is fond of Ann, the clown, Sam, the dunce, and Jo, the nerd.
B)ïInto the barrel raced Frieda, our cousin, Jamie, our cat; and Tony,
è our pet mouse.
C)ïMy favorite aliens, for sure, are Polyhydrant, who, most of the time,
è can never stop drinking; Teaspoons, who believe me, is ever so
è delicate; and Flower, who is always sniffing.
#üèThe sentence beginning with ╢my favorite aliens ╗is effectively
punctuated.ïThe commas are used to set off parenthetical expressions.
The semicolons firmly separate the items in the series to avoid mis-
#understandings, particularly between ╢drinking╗ and ╢Teaspoons╗, and be-
#tween ╢delicate ╗and ╢Flower.ï╗In another sentence, a semicolon needs
#to replace the comma after ╖dunce.ï╗Otherwise it might seem that there
are more than three people Sue is fond of, or there could be confusion
#as to who is who.ïIn the remaining sentence, the semicolon after ╖cat╗
#very clearly separates the ╖cat ╗from ╖Tony╗, but a semicolon needs to
#replace the comma after ╖cousin ╗to make sure that the reader does not
mistake Jamie the cat for Jamie the cousin.
Ç C