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à 6.5èAdverb Dependent Clauses
ä:èUnderline the adverb dependent clauses within the sen-
tences in the Example.
âS:
#êè I wrenched my arm ╕because╗ ╕I╗ ╕reached╗ ╕too╗ ╕fa╗╕r╗ ╕up╗
#êè ╕the╗ ╕chimney╗.
#êè ╕Until╗ ╕I╗ ╕know╗ ╕you╗ ╕better╗, let's not share our lunch.
éS In a complex sentence, there is one independent clause and one
or more dependent clauses.ïA dependent or subordinate clause is a sen-
tence fragment as in a phrase.ïAll dependent clauses, like independent
clauses, have a subject and a corresponding verb, but unlike independent
clauses, they are not complete thoughts, and should not be punctuated as
such--except as the answer to a question (as with phrases).ïDependent
clauses rely upon the independent clause to complete the thought of a se
ntence.
The following is a comprehensive list of subordinating conjunctions that
#can introduce adverb dependent clauses in a complete sentence: ╖after,
#╖although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, be-
#╖fore, even though, if in order that, provided (that), since, so that,
#╖than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever,
#╖whether, ╗and ╖while.
#Adverb dependent clauses answer the following questions: ╖When? Where?
#╖How? Why? ╗and ╖Under what condition? ╗ For example, in ╖She strutted
#╖to the theater after she met Bobbi╗, the adverb dependent clause ╖after
#╖she met Bobbi╗ answers the question ╢╖When?ï╗In ╖Wherever he traveled,
#╖he went first class, wherever he traveled ╗is an adverb dependent
#clause answering the question ╖Where?ï╗In ╖They acted as if they had no
#╖use for Malcolm, as if they had no use for Malcolm ╗is an adverb de-
#pendent clause answering the question ╖How?ï╗In ╖Because my head hurts,
#╖I lay down, because my head hurts ╗is an adverb dependent clause
#answering the question ╖Why?ï╗And in ╖Even though MacDougal went to
#╖Harvard, he made many mistakes, even though MacDougal went to Harvard
#is an adverb dependent clause answering the question ╖Under what con-
#╖dition?ï╗In each of ç examples of adverb dependent clauses, the
subordinating conjunction is placed before a complete thought, making
that complete thought incomplete or dependent upon the rest of the sen-
tence.ïAdverb clauses normally can be placed just about anywhere in
the complex sentence.
1.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
A)ïThe hotel was responsible for misplacing my baggage; it also
è owed me an apology.
B)ïBeing rejected by his classmates, Alfred lost his temper.
C)ïWhen the posse arrived, the outlaw had changed identities with
è the sheriff.
D)ïå
#üèThe complex sentence begins with the adverb clause ╢when the
#╢posse arrived╗, modifying the verb phrase ╢had changed╗ in the indepen-
#dent clause ╢the outlaw had changed identities with the sheriff.ïWhen╗
is the subordinating conjunction, and the adverb dependent clause
#answers the question ╢When?ï╗Notice that a comma normally is placed
after introductory adverb dependent clauses.ïOne of the other examples
#contains a simple sentence introduced by the participle phrase ╖being
#╖rejected by his classmates ╗and ending with the independent clause ╖
#╖Alfred lost his temper.ï╗Notice that a comma is normally placed after
all introductory participle phrases.ïThe remaining example is a com-
pound sentence in which a semicolon joins the two independent clauses
#╖the hotel was responsible for misplacing my baggage ╗and ╖it also owed
#╖me an apology.
Ç C
2.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
A)ïTo be sure of their ranking in the games, Jerry and Toma questioned
è the officials.
B)ïThe penguin, after it had broken its flipper, still retained its
è dignity.
C)ïI'll try on ç hip boots, for the snow is over a foot deep.
D)ïå
#üè╢The penguin, after it had broken its flipper, still retained
#╢╢its dignity ╗is a complex sentence.ïThe adverb dependent clause ╢af-
#╢╢ter ╗╢it had broken its flipper ╗modifies the verb form╢ retained ╗in
#╢╗the independent clause ╖the penguin╗ ╢still retained its dignity. ╗
#╢After╗ subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb dependent
#clause that answers the question ╢When?╗ïA simple sentence begins with
#the introductory adverb infinitive phrase ╖to be sure of their ranking ╢
#╖in the games ╗and concludes with the independent clause ╖Jerry and Tom
#╖questioned the officials.ï╗Notice that a comma is placed after intro-
ductory adverb infinitive phrases.ïThe remaining sentence is a compound
#sentence in which the coordinating conjunction ╖for ╗(preceded by a
#comma) is put between two independent clauses ╖I'll try on ç hip
#╖boots ╗and ╖╖the snow is over a foot deep.
Ç B
3.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
A)ïThe mob, stoning the blasphemer, drank hot rum.
B)ïMoses stuttered; Aaron did most of the speaking to Pharaoh.
C)ïIn the beginning, Joan was patient, but soon she became anxious to
è make her move.
D)ïå
üèThere is no complex sentence in ç examples.ïThere is one
#simple sentence in which the participle phrase ╖stoning the bla╖sphemer
#separates the subject ╖mob╗ from its verb form ╖drank╗ and the direct
#object ╖rum╗.ïThe other examples each contain one compound sentence.
One of them is formed by inserting a semicolon between the two indepen-
#dent clauses ╖Moses stuttered ╗and ╖Aaron did most of the speaking to
#╖Pharaoh.ï╗The other contains the coordinating conjunction ╖but╗ pre-
#ceded by a comma and placed between the two independent clauses ╖in the
#╖╖beginning, Joan was patient ╗and ╖soon she became anxious to make her
#╖move.
Ç D
4.èwhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
adverb dependent clause answering the question Why?
A)ïWhen I became aware of my need for you, I was at the beach.
B)ïShe bought the used car because it had low mileage.
C)ïAfter the teacher had the accident, he lost his ability to reason.
D)ïå
#üè╢Because it had low mileage ╗is an adverb dependent clause mod-
#ifying the verb form ╢bought╗ in the main clause ╢she bought the used
#╢car.ïBecause ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb
#dependent clause that answers the question ╢Why?ï╗In another complex
#sentence, ╖when I became aware of my need for you ╗is an adverb de-
#pendent clause modifying the verb form ╖was╗ in the independent clause
#╖I was at the beach.ïWhen ╗functions as a subordinating conjunction
#in the adverb dependent clause that answers the question ╖When?
#In the remaining complex sentence, ╖after the teacher had the accident
#is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb form ╖lost ╗in the
#independent clause ╖he lost his ability to reason.ïAfter ╗is a sub-
ordinating conjunction introducing the adverb clause that answers the
#question ╖When?
Ç B
5.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
adverb dependent clause that answers the question How?
A)ïHe wrestled as if he didn't want to win.
B)ïThe toy will get sucked into the current and disappear if you
è don't hold it tightly.
C)ïUntil he bargained with a crook, Sam had never met a dishonest man.
D)ïå
#üè╢╢As if he didn't want to win ╗is an adverb dependent clause
#modifying the verb form ╢wrestled ╗in the independent clause ╢he
#╢wrestled.ïAs if ╗is the subordinating conjunction introducing the ad-
#verb dependent clause that answers the question ╢How? ╗In another com-
#plex sentence, ╖if you don't hold it tightly ╗is an adverb dependent
#clause modifying verb phrase ╖will get sucked and disappear ╗in the
#independent clause ╖the toy will get sucked into the current and
#╖disappear.ïIf ╗is the subordinating conjunction introducing the
#adverb dependent clause the that answers the question ╖Under what
#╖╗╖condition╗╖?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖until he bargained
#╗╖with a crook ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb form
#╖met ╗in the independent clause ╖Sam had never met a dishonest man.
#╖Until ╗is the subordinating ╗conjunction that introduces the adverb
#╖╗dependent clause that answers the question ╖When?
Ç A
6.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
adverb dependent clause that answers the question When?
A)ïI am located where there are many dilapidated buildings.
B)ïMy folder will have food stains on it unless I grab it from my
è sloppy sister.
C)ïYour luck has changed since you inherited the business.
D)ïå
#üè╢Since you inherited the business ╗is an adverb dependent
#clause modifying the verb phrase ╢has changed ╗in the independent clause
#╢your luck has changed.ïSince ╗is the subordinating conjunction intro-
#ducing the adverb dependent clause that answers the question ╢When?╗
#In another complex sentence, ╖where there are many dilapidated buildings
#is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb phrase ╖am located ╗in
#the independent clause ╖I am located.ïWhere ╗is a subordinating con-
junction introducing the adverb dependent clause that answers the
#question ╖Where?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖unless I grab it
#╖from my sloppy sister ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the
#verb phrase ╖will have╗ in the independent clause ╖the folder will have
#╖food stains on it.ïUnless ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing
#a dependent adverb clause that answers the question ╖Under what cond-
#╖tion?
Ç C
7.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
adverb dependent clause that answers the question Under what condition?
A)ïAs soon as he paid for the house, it fell apart.
B)ïYou will prosper, provided that the bond market continues to main-
è tain its current strength.
C)ïThe guest was exceptionally witty before he began to gasp for air.
D)ïå
#üè╢Provided that the current bond market continues to maintain
#╢its current strength ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb
#phrase ╢will prosper╗ in the independent clause ╢you will prosper.ïPro-
#╢vided that ╗is the subordinating conjunction in the adverb dependent
#clause that answers the question ╢Under what condition?ï╗In another
#complex sentence, ╖as soon as he paid for the house ╗is an adverb
#dependent clause modifying the verb form ╖fell╗ in the independent
#clause ╖it fell apart.ïAs soon as ╗is the subordinating conjunction
that introduces the adverb dependent clause that answers the question
#╖When?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖before he began to gasp for
#╖air ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the predicate adjective
#╖witty ╗in the independent clause ╖the guest was exceptionally witty.
#╖Before ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb dependent
#clause that answers the question ╖When?
Ç B