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REFERENCE MANUAL FOR SVGAQB.LIB AND SVGAPV.LIB THE SUPER VGA GRAPHICS LIBRARY TO BE USED WITH MICROSOFT QUICKBASIC, VISUAL BASIC FOR DOS AND BASIC PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 1993-1994 by Zephyr Software - Stephen L. Balkum and Daniel A. Sill All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from Zephyr Software - Stephen L. Balkum and Daniel A. Sill. Although every effort has been made to insure the accuracy of the material in this book, Zephyr Software, Stephen L. Balkum and Daniel A. Sill assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. In addition no liability is assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Printed in the United States of America Trademarks The Graphics Interchange Format (c) is the Copyright property of CompuServe Incorporated. GIF (sm) is a Service Mark property of CompuServe Incorporated. Sound Blaster and Sound Blaster Pro are trademarks of Creative Labs, Inc. All others are trademarks of their respective owners. ii SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT By using this software, you agree to the terms of this agreement. No warranties are expressed or implied. In no event shall Zephyr Software, Stephen L. Balkum or Daniel A. Sill be held liable for damages resulting from the use or misuse of this product, including but not limited to implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. The shareware version may be freely distributed as long as all files stay together and are not modified in any way. No cost may be charged for the shareware version beyond normal and reasonable copying and distribution expenses. No products developed with this software shall be sold unless this software has been registered with Zephyr Software, Stephen L. Balkum or Daniel A. Sill. At no time for any reason shall this software be reverse engineered, decompiled or disassembled. This software may not be rented or leased. This software may be used only on one terminal or one computer at any one given moment in time. This software may not be installed on a network of any type. Contact Zephyr Software, Stephen L. Balkum or Daniel A. Sill for networking options. United States Government Restricted Rights: Use, duplication or disclosure of this software and documentation by the U.S. Government is subject to the restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. Contractor/manufacturer is Stephen L. Balkum and Daniel A. Sill, P.O. Box 7704, Austin, Texas 78713-7704. The ownership of this software may be transferred as long as Zephyr Software, Stephen L. Balkum or Daniel A. Sill is notified in writing of the transfer date and new owner. The new owner must agree to this contract. The transfer must include all registered updates and previously registered versions. The original owner may not retain any copies in any form of the registered software or its documents. iii INTRODUCTION We spent weeks searching the depths of the internet ftp sites for a library that would allow the programmer full access to the abilities of Super VGA. We wanted the colors VGA could provide and better resolution than EGA could provide. Professionally developed libraries with this ability were definitely out of our price range. After our searches continuously returned nothing, we decided to fill the apparent void in the shareware market. Our searches did give two useful packages: John Bridges' VGAKIT and Finn Thoegersen's VGADOC. We began with these two works and developed a graphics library intended to allow the programmer access to the huge world of high resolution programming. On the surface the task appeared quite simple. However, it quickly became obvious that the routines in this library would be required to affect extremely large amounts of data. Operations must be quick to be successful. Therefore, every effort was made to create the fastest code possible - even at the expense of size. For this reason we opted to write code with the 32 bit instructions of the 80386 and 80486 chips. It is our opinion that anyone with a hi-res card in a lesser machine may have some priorities out of order. All routines are written in assembly and use absolutely no floating point values. Anytime a real number was required, fixed point notation was used. In addition we attempted to write the routines such that any reasonable argument passed can be interpreted intelligently by the library. With the numerous Super VGA cards available and no well established standard we chose John Bridges' identification and bank switching routines as a beginning. These two routines have undergone some modification, but not enough to justify copyrighting this portion of the library's code by Zephyr Software. We have no intentions of releasing our changes to these routines into the public domain. From that point onward all code is original. In some instances common algorithms were researched and original code written according to that algorithm. This Super VGA library gives the programmer transparent access to twenty different Super VGA cards. These cards include Acumos, Ahead, ATI Technologies, Avance, Chips and Technologies, Cirrus Logic, Everex, Genoa, MXIC, NCR, Oak Technologies, Paradise/Western Digital, Primus, Realtek, Trident, Tseng Labs, Video 7 and the VESA standard. Please see the WHICHVGA function for the specific chipsets. The programmer only needs to verify that the end user's card has been identified, but not which card was recognized. After proper identification, all functions react in exactly the same fashion. The library contains functions to draw all of the major primitives. In addition there are functions that modify the screen palette, write text on the screen with a choice of fonts and modify the reaction of the primitives. Identification routines include not only the video card, but also the amount of video memory, type of processor and 2 installed pointing devices. Advanced functions provide full mouse support (when used with a Microsoft compatible driver) and joystick support. Finally, support for two dimensional and three dimensional coordinate systems is provided including rotation, translation, scaling and projection. 3 SUGGESTED METHODS FOR USING THIS LIBRARY USE WITHIN THE BASIC ENVIRONMENT We assume that the programmer is familiar with all of the capabilities of the Microsoft QuickBasic, Visual Basic (VBDOS) or Basic Professional Development System (PDS) compiler and environment. Understanding of the LIB and LINK commands is encouraged as well as the use of QuickLibraries. However, to ensure you are able to get up and running quickly, the following commands may be helpful: To create a QuickLibrary from SVGAQB/PV.LIB, type the command: LINK /QU SVGAQB/PV.LIB, SVGAQB/PV.QLB, NUL, QUICKQLB.LIB where QUICKQLB.LIB is the name for your compiler's QuickLibrary (BQLB45.LIB for QuickBasic 4.5, VBDOSQLB.LIB for VBDOS and QBXQLB.LIB for PDS). If you wish to create a QuickLibrary from SVGAQB/PV.LIB and additional libraries, type the command: LINK /QU SVGAQB/PV.LIB + ????.LIB (continue as desired), NEWLIB.QLB, NUL, QUICKQLB.LIB where QUICKQLB.LIB is the same as above and ????.LIB represents the additional desired libraries. After the QuickLibrary has been created, you should start your development environment by typing: QuickBasic: QB /L SVGAQB VBDOS: VBDOS /L SVGAPV PDS: QBX /L SVGAPV This will tell the compiler to use the QuickLibrary when running and when creating an executable. VERIFICATION OF A COMPUTER'S HARDWARE It is strongly recommended that any program written with this library first verifies that the computer is a 80386 or better by calling the WHICHCPU function. Many of the library's functions use 386 exclusive code which may cause a computer with a lesser processor to crash. In addition WHICHMOUSE must be called before calling any of the mouse functions. Lastly, it is recommended that WHICHJOYSTICK be called before a program uses the joystick routines. It is required that a program call WHICHVGA prior to any function that communicates with the video card. If WHICHVGA returns a zero for unknown card type, the program should not call any graphics function. Without proper identification of the video 4 card any graphics function will likely cause a system failure. It is recommended, although not necessary, that a program call WHICHMEM prior to calling any RES function. Although the video card was properly identified, it may not have sufficient onboard memory to support the desired resolution. As a second check the RES functions will do nothing if the video card has not been identified or if the video card does not support the specified resolution for memory or hardware reasons. THE 256 COLOR PALETTE The 256 color palette of the Super VGA cards is a six bit palette. Each of the 256 colors of the palette are described by three values representing the intensity of the colors red, blue and green. These values can range from 0 to 63. Anytime a value outside of this range is used, the video card simply ignores the upper two bits. Therefore, 64 is the same as 0. This should be taken into consideration when manipulating the palette or when importing a palette from an external source such as a GIF image. USE OF 2-D AND 3-D FUNCTIONS In the interest of speed, the 2-D and 3-D functions were written to best work on multiple points at once. We refer to these functions as object-oriented. This means that the points defining an object (a box, a house, etc.) should be contained within one array or part of an array and calls to the functions should act on all of the points in the array. Calls to functions have a high speed overhead, therefore, placing more than one object in the same array and passing the entire array to the functions can be beneficial. However, these functions will work on a single point as well. Another consequence of our object-oriented 2-D and 3-D functions is the use of the scaling functions. When scaling objects, we recommend the object be defined about the origin. D2SCALE and D3SCALE both work with respect to the origin. This eliminates a significant number of translations that would otherwise be required by having a definable scale origin. For example, to draw two boxes, one scaled by one-half of the other, each rotated by 45 degrees at the center of the screen, the recommended procedure is as follows: define an array BOX containing the 2-D points: (100, 100), (- 100, 100), (-100, -100), (100, -100), (note: the box is centered about the origin.) rotate BOX by 45 degrees about (0, 0) and place the output in RBOX, scale RBOX by 50% (scaling factor would be 128, or 80 hex) and place output in SRBOX, translate RBOX to the center of the screen - a translation of 320, 240 in 640x480 resolution - and place output in TRBOX, translate SRBOX to the center of the screen - same translation as for RBOX - and place output in TSRBOX, 5 draw TRBOX and TSRBOX on the screen. Notice that by defining the box centered about the origin the translation values were extremely intuitive. Also notice that if we had scaled the second box after the translation, it would have been draw in the upper left quadrant of the screen instead of the center. In mathematics and many sciences it is customary that in a 2-D coordinate system the Y axis increases upward and the X axis increases to the right. The computer industry has decided the Y axis should increase downward. The 2-D functions are not affected by the choice in coordinate systems. However, it is important to remember that a positive rotation in D2ROTATE rotates from the positive X axis to the positive Y axis. Therefore, when using mathematical conventions, a positive rotation moves counter-clockwise. On the computer screen a positive rotation moves clockwise. The 3-D coordinate system follows mathematical conventions by using a right-handed coordinate system. The easiest way to visualize this coordinate system is by using your right hand. Place your index finger and thumb at a right angle to one another as if to form an imaginary pistol. Now place your second finger at a right angle to your index finger. It should be at a right angle to your thumb as well. This represents the three axes. The index finger is the X axis, the second finger is the Y axis and the thumb is the Z axis. The easiest way to remember rotation directions in this system is cyclically. A positive rotation about the X axis rotates the Y axis into the Z axis. A positive rotation about the Y axis rotates the Z axis into the X axis. A positive rotation about the Z axis rotates the X axis into the Y axis. After doing all necessary 3-D transformations, projection onto the 2-D computer screen is required. Although the computer screen's coordinate system does not follow mathematical conventions, the D3PROJECT function automatically takes care of all conversions. The programmer only needs to draw the resulting object on the screen with FILLCONVEXPOLY or a series of DRWLINEs. THE CONCEPT OF SPRITE GRAPHICS The key to sprite graphics is the assumption that only a small percentage of the pixels in a graphics block are used by the animation and the remaining pixels should be treated as transparent, revealing the background behind the sprite. The sprite routines in this library only act on non-transparent colors, thus, saving time by ignoring a large number of pixels. When retrieving the background for a sprite, prior knowledge of the sprite itself permits obtaining background only where it is necessary. 6 The following steps outline an example of the recommended procedure for using the sprite functions: 1. draw the sprite on the screen - a white stick figure on a black background, for example 2. use BLKGET to place the sprite in an array STICK 3. use SPRITEGAP to simultaneously retrieve the background into BACKSTICK and place STICK on the screen, declaring black as the transparent color 4. use SPRITEPUT to replace the background BACKSTICK in the same location as step 3 5. repeat steps 3 and 4 as many times and in as many locations as desired EXTENDED MEMORY SUPPORT With the higher screen resolutions, more memory may be needed for data storage. For this reason extended memory support is provided. Accessing extended memory requires the computer to switch into protected mode. The process of switching into protected mode and returning is handled by the extended memory manager, usually HIMEM.SYS. The switch is relatively slow. Therefore, it should be used as fast storage access since it is much faster than disk access. Extended memory access is also limited by the number of available handles. The limit is controlled by a switch on the extended memory manager's command line and normally defaults to 32. Also, it is imperative that all allocated extended memory blocks be freed before the program terminates. Unfreed memory blocks will be unavailable until the computer is rebooted. CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL All parameters, other than strings, passed to and from functions and procedures in this QuickBasic library are short (two byte) integers. No floating point values are used. Whenever a pixel is written on the screen, a mode is required. Unless otherwise noted, there are four possible modes: SET, XOR, OR and AND. These modes are represented by the numbers one through four respectively. Technically, SET is the fastest mode. However, XOR maybe the most useful. XOR'ing a point twice with the same color returns the original color. This can be used to cover and uncover graphics. In addition when a reference to a color index is made, only values between and including 0 and 255 are valid. Any integer will work, but only the lowest eight bits are recognized. 7 BLKGET PROTOTYPE SUB BLKGET (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, GfxBlk%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top left corner of block X2, Y2 - bottom right corner of block OUTPUT If declared as a function, BLKGET returns 1 if successful, 0 if failed. GfxBlk - integer destination array holding retrieved bitmap USAGE BLKGET stores the pixel data contained within the block defined by (X1, Y1)-(X2, Y2) in the variable referenced by GfxBlk. GfxBlk must be dimensioned as a short integer array with a size in integers equal to [(X2-X1+1)*(Y2-Y1+1)] / 2+3. Note, however, that GfxBlk can be quite large. If the size of GfxBlk is insufficient, BLKGET will overwrite any data in memory contained beyond GfxBlk and may possibly cause the system to crash. BLKGET enforces X2 X1 and Y2Y1. Also, the coordinates must be valid on the screen at the current resolution. The bitmap is stored such that the first integer in the destination array is the width and the second integer is the height. The remaining bytes are the bitmap raster data stored by rows starting at the top of the block. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKPUT, BLKRESIZE, BLKROTATE, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITEGAP, SPRITEGET, SPRITEPUT EXAMPLE REM PLACES 1/4 OF A CIRCLE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM BLOCKDATA(0 TO 483) AS INTEGER IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP 8 DUMMY=RES640 DRWCIRCLE 1, 10, 30, 30, 20 FILLAREA 30, 30, 10, 7 BLKGET 0, 0, 30, 30, BLOCKDATA(0) BLKPUT 1, 320, 240, BLOCKDATA(0) WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND DUMMY=RESTEXT END 9 BLKPUT PROTOTYPE SUB BLKPUT (Mode%, X%, Y%, GfxBlk%) INPUT Mode - pixel write mode (SET=1, XOR=2, OR=3, AND=4) X, Y - location for top left corner of block GfxBlk - integer source array OUTPUT no value returned USAGE BLKPUT places the pixel data contained in the variable referenced by GfxBlk on the screen. The top, left corner of the block is specified by (X, Y). Any (X, Y) is acceptable and any portion of the block that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKRESIZE, BLKROTATE, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITEGAP, SPRITEGET, SPRITEPUT, GIFPUT, SETVIEW EXAMPLE See BLKGET 10 BLKRESIZE PROTOTYPE SUB BLKRESIZE (NewXSize%, NewYSize%, SourceGfxBlk%, DestGfxBlk%) INPUT NewXSize, NewYSize - size of resulting bitmap in DestGfxBlk SourceGfxBlk - integer source array OUTPUT no value returned DestGfxBlk - integer destination array holding resized bitmap USAGE BLKRESIZE takes the bitmap in SourceGfxBlk and scales it up or down according the to values passed in NewXSize and NewYSize. The resulting bitmap is returned in DestGfxBlk which should already be declared with a size calculated according to the equation in BLKGET. NewXSize and NewYSize should not be zero. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, BLKROTATE EXAMPLE REM RESIZE A BITMAP REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM SRC%(0 TO 32000) DIM DST%(0 TO 32000) IF WHICHCPU < 386 THEN END IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN END VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF RES640 <> 1 THEN DUMMY = RESTEXT END END IF X1 = 0 Y1 = 0 X2 = 50 Y2 = 50 FOR I = 0 TO 25 XA = (RND * X2 - X1) + X1 YA = (RND * Y2 - Y1) + Y1 XB = (RND * X2 - X1) + X1 YB = (RND * Y2 - Y1) + Y1 C = RND * 16 11 DRWLINE 1, C, XA, YA, XB, YB NEXT I DRWBOX 1, 15, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, SRC(0) X1 = GETMAXX \ 2 Y1 = GETMAXY \ 2 X = SRC(0) + 1 Y = SRC(1) + 1 BLKRESIZE X, Y, SRC(0), DST(0) BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) FOR I = X TO X + 50 BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) BLKRESIZE I, I, SRC(0), DST(0) BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) SDELAY 3 NEXT I FOR I = X + 50 TO X - 50 STEP -1 BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) BLKRESIZE I, I, SRC(0), DST(0) BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) SDELAY 3 NEXT I FOR I = X - 50 TO X BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) BLKRESIZE I, I, SRC(0), DST(0) BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) SDELAY 3 NEXT I VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 12 BLKROTATE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION BLKROTATE% (Ang%, BackFillColor%, SourceGfxBlk%, DestGfxBlk%) INPUT Ang - integer degree to rotate source bitmap BackFillColor - index to color in current palette to fill blank space in DestGfxBlk SourceGfxBlk - integer source array OUTPUT BLKROTATE returns 1 if successful, 0 if unsuccessful. DestGfxBlk - integer destination array holding rotated bitmap USAGE BLKROTATE takes the bitmap in SourceGfxBlk and rotates by the number of degrees specified in Ang. The bitmap rotation algorithm is a three-pass shear technique modified to make efficient use of this library's internal buffers. Blank space around the newly rotated block is filled with the color given by BackFillColor. The resulting bitmap is stored in DestGfxBlk. The size of DestGfxBlk should be at least as big as given by BLKROTATESIZE. The function will fail if it calculates that the internal buffers would be overflowed or if the destination array would be larger than 65536 bytes. BLKROTATESIZE should be called first to ensure that buffer integrity is maintained. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, BLKRESIZE, BLKROTATESIZE EXAMPLE REM ROTATE A BITMAP REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM SRC%(0 TO 32000) DIM DST%(0 TO 32000) IF WHICHCPU < 386 THEN END IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN END VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF RES640 <> 1 THEN DUMMY = RESTEXT END END IF X1 = 0 13 Y1 = 0 X2 = 110 Y2 = 110 FOR I = 0 TO 50 XA = (RND * X2 - X1) + X1 YA = (RND * Y2 - Y1) + Y1 XB = (RND * X2 - X1) + X1 YB = (RND * Y2 - Y1) + Y1 C = RND * 16 DRWLINE 1, C, XA, YA, XB, YB NEXT I DRWBOX 1, 15, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, SRC(0) X1 = GETMAXX \ 2 Y1 = GETMAXY \ 2 FOR I = 0 TO 359 STEP 6 IF BLKROTATESIZE(I, SRC(0)) <> 0 THEN DUMMY = BLKROTATE(I, 0, SRC(0), DST(0)) BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) SDELAY 3 BLKPUT 2, X1 - DST(0) \ 2, Y1 - DST(1) \ 2, DST(0) END IF NEXT I VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 14 BLKROTATESIZE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION BLKROTATESIZE& (Ang%, SourceGfxBlk%) INPUT Ang - integer degree to rotate source bitmap SourceGfxBlk - integer source array OUTPUT BLKROTATESIZE returns the number of bytes needed for the destination array if successful, 0 if unsuccessful. USAGE BLKROTATESIZE takes the bitmap in SourceGfxBlk calculates the required size of the output buffer needed when BLKROTATE is called. It also insures that the internal library buffers are not overflowed. The function will fail if it calculates that the internal buffers would be overflowed or if the destination array would be larger than 65536 bytes. BLKROTATESIZE should be called prior to BLKROTATE to ensure that buffer integrity is maintained. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, BLKRESIZE, BLKROTATE EXAMPLE See BLKROTATE 15 BYTECOPY PROTOTYPE SUB BYTECOPY (SrcArray%, DestArray%, NumOfBytes&) INPUT SrcArray - integer array to be copied NumBytes - number of bytes to copy from SrcArray to DestArray OUTPUT no value returned DestArray - integer destination array holding copied data USAGE BYTECOPY copies the specified number of bytes from SrcArray to DestArray. It is much faster than using a FOR/NEXT loop. The arrays must be integer arrays. NumBytes is equal to twice the number of elements to be copied. For example, if SrcArray contains 10 integers to be copied, NumBytes is 2 * 10, or 20 bytes. The declaration for BYTECOPY can be changed to allow real numbers in which case NumBytes is equal to 4 times the number of elements to be copied. Note, however, that BYTECOPY will not work with strings. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO PALCOPY EXAMPLE REM COPIES AN ARRAY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM ARRAY1(1 TO 10) AS INTEGER DIM ARRAY2(1 TO 10) AS INTEGER CLS FOR I=1 TO 10 ARRAY1(I) = I ARRAY2(I) = 11 - I NEXT I PRINT "Before copying:" FOR I=1 TO 10 PRINT ARRAY1(I); NEXT I 16 PRINT FOR I=1 TO 10 PRINT ARRAY2(I); NEXT I PRINT BYTECOPY ARRAY1(1), ARRAY2(1), 20 PRINT "After copying:" FOR I=1 TO 10 PRINT ARRAY1(I); NEXT I PRINT FOR I=1 TO 10 PRINT ARRAY2(I); NEXT I PRINT END 17 D2ROTATE PROTOTYPE SUB D2ROTATE (NumPoints%, XOrigin%, YOrigin%, Angle%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to be rotated Xorigin, Yorigin - center of rotation Angle - angle of rotation about center InArray - P2DType array containing points to rotate OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P2DType array holding rotated values USAGE D2ROTATE takes the two dimensional points given in InArray and rotates them by the specified angle about Xorigin, Yorigin. The results are returned in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. A positive angle causes a clockwise rotation on the screen, from the positive X axis to the positive Y axis. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D2SCALE, D2TRANSLATE EXAMPLE REM ROTATE A TRIANGLE ABOUT ONE CORNER REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM TRIO(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI2(1 TO 3) AS P2DType TRIO(1).X = 0 TRIO(1).Y = 0 TRIO(2).X = -80 TRIO(2).Y = 60 TRIO(3).X = 80 TRIO(3).Y = 60 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 18 GOSUB DRWTRI FOR I = 0 TO 360 STEP 2 D2ROTATE 3, 0, 0, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I GOSUB DRWTRI WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN ERTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN 19 D2SCALE PROTOTYPE SUB D2SCALE (NumPoints%, ScaleX%, ScaleY%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to scale ScaleX - scale factor along X axis ScaleY - scale factor along Y axis InArray - P2DType array containing points to scale OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P2DType array holding scaled values USAGE D2SCALE multiplies each coordinate in the two dimensional array InArray by the corresponding scale factor ScaleX or ScaleY. The results are stored in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. A scale factor of 256 (100 hex) is considered 100 percent and results in no change. Therefore, 128 (80 hex) reduces values by one half and 512 (200 hex) doubles values. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D2ROTATE, D2TRANSLATE EXAMPLE REM SCALE A TRIANGLE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM TRIO(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI2(1 TO 3) AS P2DType TRIO(1).X = 0 TRIO(1).Y = 0 TRIO(2).X = -80 TRIO(2).Y = 60 TRIO(3).X = 80 TRIO(3).Y = 60 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET 20 IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 GOSUB DRWTRI FOR I = 256 TO 512 STEP 4 D2SCALE 3, I, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I FOR I = 512 TO 128 STEP -4 D2SCALE 3, I, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I FOR I = 128 TO 256 STEP 4 D2SCALE 3, I, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I GOSUB DRWTRI WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN ERTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN 21 D2TRANSLATE PROTOTYPE SUB D2TRANSLATE (NumPoints%, TransX%, TransY%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to be translated TransX - distance to translate along X axis TransY - distance to translate along Y axis InArray - P2DType array containing points to translate OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P2DType array holding translated values USAGE D2TRANSLATE takes the two dimensional points given in InArray and translates them by the specified number of pixels along each axis. The results are returned in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D2ROTATE, D2SCALE EXAMPLE REM TRANSLATE A TRIANGLE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM TRIO(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI(1 TO 3) AS P2DType DIM TRI2(1 TO 3) AS P2DType TRIO(1).X = 0 TRIO(1).Y = 0 TRIO(2).X = -80 TRIO(2).Y = 60 TRIO(3).X = 80 TRIO(3).Y = 60 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 GOSUB DRWTRI 22 FOR I = 0 TO 100 STEP 4 D2TRANSLATE 3, I, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I FOR I = 100 TO 0 STEP -4 D2TRANSLATE 3, I, I, TRIO(1).X, TRI(1).X GOSUB DRWTRI SDELAY 2 GOSUB ERTRI NEXT I GOSUB DRWTRI WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 10, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN ERTRI: D2TRANSLATE 3, 320, 240, TRI(1).X, TRI2(1).X DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(2).X, TRI2(2).Y, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y DRWLINE 1, 0, TRI2(3).X, TRI2(3).Y, TRI2(1).X, TRI2(1).Y RETURN 23 D3PROJECT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION D3PROJECT% (NumPoints%, ProjParams%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to be projected ProjParams - PROJType structure containing parameters used in projection EyeX, EyeY, EyeZ - 3D location of viewer ScrD - distance from viewer to projection screen Theta - angle from positive 3D X axis to viewing direction Phi - angle from positive 3D Z axis to viewing direction InArray - P3DType array containing points to project OUTPUT D3PROJECT returns 1 if successful, 0 if any one point failed. OutArray - P2DType array holding projected values USAGE +Z axis | /\ | / \ | ! \ * \ | !......X: / | ! Phi / \/ | ! / : | ! / : | ! / : | EyeX ! /ScrD : | EyeY !/ : | EyeZ *- - - -:- - - - - | / ` : | / ` : | / ` : | / ---` : | /___---- | / Theta | |_____________________________+Y axis / / / / / / / +X axis 24 D3PROJECT projects a specified number, NumPoints, of three dimensional points starting at InArray into two dimensions according to the parameters in ProjParams. The two dimensional points are stored in OutArray. The location of the viewer in this three dimensional space is given by EyeX, EyeY, EyeZ in the ProjParams structure. The direction the viewer is facing is specified with ScrD, Theta, Phi in the ProjParams structure using spherical coordinates. A virtual set of axes parallel to the true axes are placed at the viewer's location. ScrD is the distance from the viewer to the center of the projection screen, i.e. the currently defined viewport on the monitor's screen. Theta is the angle in the virtual X-Y plane from the virtual X axis to the projection screen. Positive angles rotate counter-clockwise in the X-Y plane. Lastly, the angle of elevation above or below the virtual X-Y plane is given by Phi. Positive angles direct viewing above the plane; negative below. If a point is projected to a location behind the viewer, i.e. on the side of the viewer opposite the projection screen, D3PROJECT returns a zero indicating one or more failed points. The returned values of the X and Y for failed points will be - 32768 to make them easily identified. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D3ROTATE, D3TRANSLATE, D3SCALE, FILLCONVEXPOLY, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DRAW A CUBE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM CUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM PLOT(1 TO 8) AS P2DType DIM PROJPARAMS AS PROJType CUBE(1).X = 100 : CUBE(1).Y = -100 : CUBE(1).Z = 100 CUBE(2).X = 100 : CUBE(2).Y = -100 : CUBE(2).Z = -100 CUBE(3).X = 100 : CUBE(3).Y = 100 : CUBE(3).Z = -100 CUBE(4).X = 100 : CUBE(4).Y = 100 : CUBE(4).Z = 100 CUBE(5).X = -100 : CUBE(5).Y = -100 : CUBE(5).Z = 100 CUBE(6).X = -100 : CUBE(6).Y = -100 : CUBE(6).Z = -100 CUBE(7).X = -100 : CUBE(7).Y = 100 : CUBE(7).Z = -100 CUBE(8).X = -100 : CUBE(8).Y = 100 : CUBE(8).Z = 100 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PROJPARAMS.EYEX = -1040 25 PROJPARAMS.EYEY = -600 PROJPARAMS.EYEZ = -1200 PROJPARAMS.SCRD = 1700 PROJPARAMS.THETA = 30 PROJPARAMS.PHI = 45 DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,CUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWCUBE: FOR J=1 TO 3 DRWLINE 1, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 1, 10, PLOT(4).X, PLOT(4).Y, PLOT(1).X, PLOT(1).Y FOR J=5 TO 7 DRWLINE 1, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 1, 10, PLOT(8).X, PLOT(8).Y, PLOT(5).X, PLOT(5).Y FOR J=1 TO 4 DRWLINE 1, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+4).X, PLOT(J+4).Y NEXT J RETURN 26 D3ROTATE PROTOTYPE SUB D3ROTATE (NumPoints%, X%, Y%, Z%, AngleZ%, AngleY%, AngleX%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to be rotated X, Y, Z - center of rotation AngleZ - angle of rotation about the Z axis AngleY - angle of rotation about the Y axis AngleX - angle of rotation about the X axis InArray - P3DType array containing points to rotate OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P3DType array holding rotated values USAGE D3ROTATE takes the three dimensional points given in InArray and rotates them by the specified angles about Xorigin, Yorigin, Zorigin. The results are returned in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. A virtual set of axes are placed at the origin of rotation and rotation takes place about these axes. A positive angle causes a counter-clockwise rotation from the positive X axis to the positive Y axis. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D3PROJECT, D3SCALE, D3TRANSLATE EXAMPLE REM ROTATE A CUBE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM CUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM RCUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM PLOT(1 TO 8) AS P2DType DIM PROJPARAMS AS PROJType CUBE(1).X = 100 : CUBE(1).Y = -100 : CUBE(1).Z = 100 CUBE(2).X = 100 : CUBE(2).Y = -100 : CUBE(2).Z = -100 CUBE(3).X = 100 : CUBE(3).Y = 100 : CUBE(3).Z = -100 CUBE(4).X = 100 : CUBE(4).Y = 100 : CUBE(4).Z = 100 27 CUBE(5).X = -100 : CUBE(5).Y = -100 : CUBE(5).Z = 100 CUBE(6).X = -100 : CUBE(6).Y = -100 : CUBE(6).Z = -100 CUBE(7).X = -100 : CUBE(7).Y = 100 : CUBE(7).Z = -100 CUBE(8).X = -100 : CUBE(8).Y = 100 : CUBE(8).Z = 100 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PROJPARAMS.EYEX = -1040 PROJPARAMS.EYEY = -600 PROJPARAMS.EYEZ = -1200 PROJPARAMS.SCRD = 1700 PROJPARAMS.THETA = 30 PROJPARAMS.PHI = 45 FOR I = 0 TO 360 STEP 5 D3ROTATE 8, 0, 0, 0, I, I, I, CUBE(1).X, RCUBE(1).X DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,RCUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE SDELAY 2 GOSUB DRWCUBE NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWCUBE: FOR J=1 TO 3 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(4).X, PLOT(4).Y, PLOT(1).X, PLOT(1).Y FOR J=5 TO 7 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(8).X, PLOT(8).Y, PLOT(5).X, PLOT(5).Y FOR J=1 TO 4 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+4).X, PLOT(J+4).Y NEXT J RETURN 28 D3SCALE PROTOTYPE SUB D3SCALE (NumPoints%, ScaleX%, ScaleY%, ScaleZ%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to scale ScaleX - scale factor along X axis ScaleY - scale factor along Y axis ScaleZ - scale factor along Z axis InArray - P3DType array containing points to scale OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P3DType array holding scaled values USAGE D3SCALE multiplies each coordinate in the three dimensional array InArray by the corresponding scale factor ScaleX, ScaleY or ScaleZ. The results are stored in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. A scale factor of 256 (100 hex) is considered 100 percent and results in no change. Therefore, 128 (80 hex) reduces values by one half and 512 (200 hex) doubles values. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D3PROJECT, D3ROTATE, D3TRANSLATE EXAMPLE REM SCALE A CUBE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM CUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM SCUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM PLOT(1 TO 8) AS P2DType DIM PROJPARAMS AS PROJType CUBE(1).X = 100 : CUBE(1).Y = -100 : CUBE(1).Z = 100 CUBE(2).X = 100 : CUBE(2).Y = -100 : CUBE(2).Z = -100 CUBE(3).X = 100 : CUBE(3).Y = 100 : CUBE(3).Z = -100 CUBE(4).X = 100 : CUBE(4).Y = 100 : CUBE(4).Z = 100 CUBE(5).X = -100 : CUBE(5).Y = -100 : CUBE(5).Z = 100 29 CUBE(6).X = -100 : CUBE(6).Y = -100 : CUBE(6).Z = -100 CUBE(7).X = -100 : CUBE(7).Y = 100 : CUBE(7).Z = -100 CUBE(8).X = -100 : CUBE(8).Y = 100 : CUBE(8).Z = 100 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PROJPARAMS.EYEX = -1040 PROJPARAMS.EYEY = -600 PROJPARAMS.EYEZ = -1200 PROJPARAMS.SCRD = 1700 PROJPARAMS.THETA = 30 PROJPARAMS.PHI = 45 FOR I = 256 TO 128 STEP -4 D3SCALE 8, I, I, I, CUBE(1).X, SCUBE(1).X DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,SCUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE SDELAY 2 GOSUB DRWCUBE NEXT I FOR I = 132 TO 256 STEP 4 D3SCALE 8, I, I, I, CUBE(1).X, SCUBE(1).X DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,SCUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE SDELAY 2 GOSUB DRWCUBE NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWCUBE: FOR J=1 TO 3 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(4).X, PLOT(4).Y, PLOT(1).X, PLOT(1).Y FOR J=5 TO 7 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(8).X, PLOT(8).Y, PLOT(5).X, PLOT(5).Y FOR J=1 TO 4 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+4).X, PLOT(J+4).Y NEXT J RETURN 30 D3TRANSLATE PROTOTYPE SUB D3TRANSLATE (NumPoints%, TransX%, TransY%, TransZ%, InArray%, OutArray%) INPUT NumPoints - number of points to translate TransX - distance to translate along X axis TransY - distance to translate along Y axis TransZ - distance to translate along Z axis InArray - P3DType array containing points to translate OUTPUT no value returned OutArray - P3DType array holding translated points USAGE D3TRANSLATE takes the three dimensional points given in InArray and translates them by the specified number of pixels along each axis. The results are returned in OutArray which can be the same as InArray. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO D3PROJECT, D3ROTATE, D3SCALE EXAMPLE REM TRANSLATE A CUBE NEAR THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM CUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM TCUBE(1 TO 8) AS P3DType DIM PLOT(1 TO 8) AS P2DType DIM PROJPARAMS AS PROJType CUBE(1).X = 100 : CUBE(1).Y = -100 : CUBE(1).Z = 100 CUBE(2).X = 100 : CUBE(2).Y = -100 : CUBE(2).Z = -100 CUBE(3).X = 100 : CUBE(3).Y = 100 : CUBE(3).Z = -100 CUBE(4).X = 100 : CUBE(4).Y = 100 : CUBE(4).Z = 100 CUBE(5).X = -100 : CUBE(5).Y = -100 : CUBE(5).Z = 100 CUBE(6).X = -100 : CUBE(6).Y = -100 : CUBE(6).Z = -100 CUBE(7).X = -100 : CUBE(7).Y = 100 : CUBE(7).Z = -100 CUBE(8).X = -100 : CUBE(8).Y = 100 : CUBE(8).Z = 100 31 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PROJPARAMS.EYEX = -1040 PROJPARAMS.EYEY = -600 PROJPARAMS.EYEZ = -1200 PROJPARAMS.SCRD = 1700 PROJPARAMS.THETA = 30 PROJPARAMS.PHI = 45 FOR I = 0 TO 100 STEP 2 D3TRANSLATE 8, I, I, I, CUBE(1).X, TCUBE(1).X DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,TCUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE SDELAY 2 GOSUB DRWCUBE NEXT I FOR I = 98 TO 0 STEP -2 D3TRANSLATE 8, I, I, I, CUBE(1).X, TCUBE(1).X DUMMY = D3PROJECT(8,PROJPARAMS.EYEX,TCUBE(1).X,PLOT(1).X) GOSUB DRWCUBE SDELAY 2 GOSUB DRWCUBE NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END DRWCUBE: FOR J=1 TO 3 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(4).X, PLOT(4).Y, PLOT(1).X, PLOT(1).Y FOR J=5 TO 7 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+1).X, PLOT(J+1).Y NEXT J DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(8).X, PLOT(8).Y, PLOT(5).X, PLOT(5).Y FOR J=1 TO 4 DRWLINE 2, 10, PLOT(J).X, PLOT(J).Y, PLOT(J+4).X, PLOT(J+4).Y NEXT J RETURN 32 DRWBOX ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWBOX (Mode%, Color%, X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( =1, XOR=2, X1, Y1 AND =3, OR =4) Color - index to color in current palette X1, Y1 - location of top left corner +Y axis X2, Y2 X2, Y2 - location of bottom right corner UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U D draws a rectangle RWBOX of the color specified using Mode with opposite vertices defined by (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2). The vertices given do not need to be exactly the top left and bottom right. They only have to reference opposite sides of the rectangle. Any portion of the rectangle that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. LSO A EE S DRWFILLBOX, DRWLINE, SETVIEW XAMPLE E REM DRAWS A BOX AROUND THE WHOLE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 33 DRWCIRCLE ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWCIRCLE (Mode%, Color%, Xcenter%, Ycenter%, Radius%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( XOR =1, =2, =3, AND OR =4) R Color - index to color in current palette X, Y Xcenter, Ycenter - location of center +Y axis of circle Radius - distance from center to edge of circle UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U DRWCIRCLE draws a circle of the specified color using Mode with the center located at (Xcenter, Ycenter) and a radius of Radius. All values of Xcenter, Ycenter and Radius are valid. Any portion of the circle that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. LSO A EE S DRWELLIPSE, DRWFILLCIRCLE, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DRAWS A CIRCLE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWCIRCLE 1, 10, 320, 240, 200 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 34 DRWELLIPSE ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWELLIPSE (Mode%, Color%, Xcenter%, Ycenter%, RadiusX%, RadiusY%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( =2, XOR =1, =3, AND OR =4) RY Color - index to color in current X, Y palette RX Xcenter, Ycenter - location of center +Y axis of ellipse RadiusX - radius parallel to X axis RadiusY - radius parallel to Y axis UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWELLIPSE D draws an ellipse of the specified color using Mode with the center defined by (Xcenter, Ycenter). The radius in the horizontal direction is RaduisX and the radius in the vertical direction is RadiusY. All values of Xcenter, Ycenter, RadiusX and RadiusY are valid. Any portion of the ellipse that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. S ALSO EE DRWCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, SETVIEW XAMPLE E REM DRAWS AN ELLIPSE AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWELLIPSE 1, 10, 320, 240, 318, 238 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 35 DRWFILLBOX ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWFILLBOX (Mode%, Color%, X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( =1, XOR=2, X1, Y1 AND =3, OR =4) Color - index to color in current palette X1, Y1 - location of top left corner +Y axis X2, Y2 X2, Y2 - location of bottom right corner UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U DRWFILLBOX draws a filled rectangle of the color specified using Mode with opposite vertices defined by (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2). The vertices given do not need to be exactly the top left and bottom right. They only have to reference opposite sides of the rectangle. Any portion of the rectangle that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. LSO A SEE , DRWLINE DRWBOX , FILLCONVEXPOLY, SETVIEW XAMPLE E REM DRAWS A FILLED BOX REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY = RES640 DRWFILLBOX 1, 10, 100, 100, 200, 200 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 36 DRWFILLCIRCLE ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWFILLCIRCLE (Mode%, Color%, Xcenter%, Ycenter%, Radius%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( XOR =1, =2, =3, AND OR =4) R Color - index to color in current palette X, Y Xcenter, Ycenter - location of center +Y axis of circle Radius - distance from center to edge of circle UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U DRWFILLCIRCLE draws a filled circle of the specified color using Mode with the center located at (Xcenter, Ycenter) and a radius of Radius. All values of Xcenter, Ycenter and Radius are valid. Any portion of the circle that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. S LSO A EE DRWCIRCLE, SETVIEW XAMPLE E REM DRAWS A FILLED CIRCLE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY = RES640 DRWFILLCIRCLE 1, 10, 320, 240, 50 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 37 DRWFILLELLIPSE ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWFILLELLIPSE (Mode%, Color%, Xcenter%, Ycenter%, RadiusX%, RadiusY%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( =2, XOR =1, =3, AND OR =4) RY Color - index to color in current X, Y palette RX Xcenter, Ycenter - location of center +Y axis of ellipse RadiusX - radius parallel to X axis RadiusY - radius parallel to Y axis UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWFILLELLIPSE D draws a filled ellipse of the specified color using Mode with the center defined by (Xcenter, Ycenter). The radius in the horizontal direction is RaduisX and the radius in the vertical direction is RadiusY. All values of Xcenter, Ycenter, RadiusX and RadiusY are valid. Any portion of the ellipse that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. ALSO EE S DRWELLIPSE, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DRAWS A FILLED ELLIPSE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY = RES640 DRWFILLELLIPSE 1, 10, 320, 240, 118, 50 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 38 DRWLINE ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWLINE (Mode%, Color%, X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( XOR =1, =2, X1, Y1 AND =3, OR =4) Color - index to color in current palette X1, Y1 - location of one endpoint of line X2, Y2 - location of other endpoint of +Y axis X2, Y2 line UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWLINE D draws a line of the specified color using Mode with endpoints located at (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2). All values of X1, Y1, X2 and Y2 are valid. Any portion of the line that lies outside of the currently defined viewport will not be drawn. ALSO EE S DRWBOX, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DRAWS A LINE FROM 0,0 TO THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 0, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 39 DRWPOINT ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWPOINT (Mode%, Color%, X%, Y%) NPUT I +X axis Mode - pixel write mode SET ( =2, XOR =1, AND OR=3, =4) Color - index to color in current palette X, Y X, Y - location of pixel to write +Y axis UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWPOINT D draws a single point of the specified color using Mode at (X, Y). All values of X and Y are valid. If the point (X, Y) lies outside of the currently defined viewport, no drawing will take place. S LSO A EE GETPOINT, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DRAWS A POINT AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWPOINT 1, 10, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 40 DRWSTRING ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWSTRING (Mode%, FColor%, BColor%, Strng$, X%, Y%) NPUT I + s i x a X Mode - pixel write mode (no action=0, Y , X =1, XOR SET =2, OR=3, =4) AND FColor - foreground index to color in current palette BColor - background index to color in Y + s i x a current palette Strng$ - string of ASCII characters to be drawn X, Y - location of upper, left corner of block UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWSTRING D takes the ASCII characters contained in Strng$ and creates a graphics block similar to the blocks used by Blkget and Blkput and places this block on the screen at the specified coordinates. The characters are drawn with color FColor using the current font and the background is color BColor. When mode 0, no action, is used, the graphics block is created in memory retrievable by GETLASTSTRING, but no text is actually drawn on the screen. (Note: the system font is automatically installed when WHICHVGA is called.) SEE LSO A FONTSET, FONTGETINFO, FONTSYSTEM, DRWSTRINGDN, DRWSTRINGLT, DRWSTRINGRT, GETLASTSTRING XAMPLE E REM DRAWS SOME NORMAL TEXT AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 A$ = "HELLO WORLD" DRWSTRING 1, 10, 0, A$, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 41 DRWSTRINGDN ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWSTRINGDN (Mode%, FColor%, BColor%, Strng$, X%, Y%) NPUT I + s i x a X Mode - pixel write mode (no action=0, =1, XOR SET =2, OR=3, =4) AND FColor - foreground index to color in current palette X Y , BColor - background index to color in Y + s i x a current palette Strng$ - string of ASCII characters to be drawn X, Y - location of lower, right corner of block UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWSTRINGDN D takes the ASCII characters contained in Strng$ and creates a graphics block similar to the blocks used by Blkget and Blkput. The characters are drawn with color FColor using the current font and the background is color BColor. When mode 0, no action, is used, the graphics block is created in memory retrievable by GETLASTSTRING, but no text is actually drawn on the screen. (Note: the system font is automatically installed when HICHVGA W is called.) The text is drawn upside down with X, Y specifying the lower, right corner. This corner corresponds to the upper, left corner when the text is oriented upright. A EE S LSO FONTSET, FONTGETINFO, FONTSYSTEM, DRWSTRING, DRWSTRINGLT, DRWSTRINGRT, GETLASTSTRING EXAMPLE REM DRAWS SOME UP-SIDE-DOWN TEXT AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 A$ = "HELLO WORLD" DRWSTRINGDN 1, 10, 0, A$, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE 42 END 43 DRWSTRINGLT ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWSTRINGLT (Mode%, FColor%, BColor%, Strng$, X%, Y%) NPUT I + s i x a X Mode - pixel write mode (no action=0, =1, XOR SET =2, OR=3, =4) AND FColor - foreground index to color in current palette BColor - background index to color in Y + s i x a current palette Y , X Strng$ - string of ASCII characters to be drawn X, Y - location of lower, left corner of block UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWSTRINGLT D takes the ASCII characters contained in Strng$ and creates a graphics block similar to the blocks used by Blkget and Blkput. The characters are drawn with color FColor using the current font and the background is color BColor. When mode 0, no action, is used, the graphics block is created in memory retrievable by GETLASTSTRING, but no text is actually drawn on the screen. (Note: the system font is automatically installed when HICHVGA W is called.) The text block is rotated to the left with X, Y specifying the lower, left corner. 90 This corner corresponds to the upper, left corner when the text is oriented upright. S A EE LSO FONTSET, FONTGETINFO, FONTSYSTEM, DRWSTRING, DRWSTRINGDN, DRWSTRINGRT, GETLASTSTRING XAMPLE E REM DRAWS SOME TEXT ROTATED BY 90 DEGREES TO THE LEFT AT THE REM CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 A$ = "HELLO WORLD" DRWSTRINGLT 1, 10, 0, A$, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" 44 WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 45 DRWSTRINGRT ROTOTYPE P SUB DRWSTRINGRT (Mode%, FColor%, BColor%, Strng$, X%, Y%) NPUT I + Y , X s i x a X Mode - pixel write mode (no action=0, =1, XOR SET =2, OR=3, =4) AND FColor - foreground index to color in current palette Y + s i x a BColor - background index to color in current palette Strng$ - string of ASCII characters to be drawn X, Y - location of upper, right corner of block UTPUT O no value returned SAGE U RWSTRINGRT D takes the ASCII characters contained in Strng$ and creates a graphics block similar to the blocks used by Blkget and Blkput. The characters are drawn with color FColor using the current font and the background is color BColor. When mode 0, no action, is used, the graphics block is created in memory retrievable by GETLASTSTRING, but no text is actually drawn on the screen. (Note: the system font is automatically installed when HICHVGA W is called.) The text block is rotated 90 to the right with X, Y specifying the upper, right corner. This corner corresponds to the upper, left corner if the text is oriented upright. A SEE LSO FONTSET, FONTGETINFO, FONTSYSTEM, DRWSTRING, DRWSTRINGDN, DRWSTRINGLT, GETLASTSTRING XAMPLE E REM DRAWS SOME TEXT ROTATED BY 90 DEGREES TO THE RIGHT AT THE REM CENTER OF THE SCREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 A$ = "HELLO WORLD" DRWSTRINGRT 1, 10, 0, A$, 320, 240 WHILE INKEY$ = "" 46 WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 47 FILLAREA PROTOTYPE SUB FILLAREA (XSeed%, YSeed%, BorderColor%, FillColor%) INPUT XSeed, YSeed - seed location to start fill BorderColor - index to color in current palette at which filling stops FillColor - index to color in current palette to fill within the border OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLAREA fills a region with a new color specified by FillColor. The region is defined by any line or curve of the color BorderColor or by the edge of the viewport. All graphics within the region are lost and covered with the FillColor. The border is not effected. SEE ALSO DRWFILLBOX, DRWFILLCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, FILLCOLOR, FILLCONVEXPOLY, FILLPAGE, FILLSCREEN, FILLVIEW, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM FILLS A BOX WITH A COLOR REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 FILLAREA 1, 1, 10, 7 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 48 FILLCOLOR PROTOTYPE SUB FILLCOLOR (XSeed%, YSeed%, OldColor%, NewColor%) INPUT XSeed, YSeed - seed location to start fill OldColor - index to color in current palette to change NewColor - index to color in current palette to replace OldColor OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLCOLOR replaces every existence of OldColor with NewColor within a region. The region is defined as any pixel of OldColor which has a path of pixels of OldColor or NewColor with sides touching back to the seed point, (XSeed, YSeed). Therefore, only pixels of OldColor are modified and no other information is changed. SEE ALSO DRWFILLBOX, DRWFILLCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, FILLAREA, FILLCONVEXPOLY, FILLPAGE, FILLSCREEN, FILLVIEW, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM REPLACES THE BLACK COLOR WITH A NEW COLOR REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 DRWBOX 1, 12, 20, 20, 80, 80 FILLCOLOR 1, 1, 0, 7 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 49 FILLCONVEXPOLY PROTOTYPE SUB FILLCONVEXPOLY (PolyColor%, NumPoints%, PointArray%) INPUT PolyColor - index to color in current palette NumPoints - number of points in PointArray PointArray - P2DType array holding points of polygon OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLCONVEXPOLY draws a solid polygon outlined by the points given in PointArray. The points are expected to be consecutive and the resulting polygon should be convex (ie. the polygon should not curve in on itself like a kidney bean). The function also assumes that the last point in the array connects to the first. SEE ALSO D3PROJECT, DRWFILLBOX, FILLAREA, FILLCOLOR, FILLPAGE, FILLSCREEN, FILLVIEW EXAMPLE REM SHOW FILLCONVEXPOLY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM T(0 TO 20) AS P2DType VGA = WHICHVGA DUMMY = RES640 FOR I = 0 TO 99 T(0).X = RND * GETMAXX T(0).Y = RND * GETMAXY T(1).X = RND * GETMAXX T(1).Y = RND * GETMAXY T(2).X = RND * GETMAXX T(2).Y = RND * GETMAXY C = RND * 15 FILLCONVEXPOLY C, 3, T(0).X NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND 50 DUMMY = RESTEXT END 51 FILLPAGE PROTOTYPE SUB FILLPAGE (Color%) INPUT Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLPAGE clears the currently active page with the specified color. All information on the page is lost. (Note, a faster method to clear the page is to call any of the 'RES###' functions. These reset the graphics screen and automatically clear it to color index zero as well as reset the default palette.) SEE ALSO DRWFILLBOX, DRWFILLCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, FILLAREA, FILLCOLOR, FILLCONVEXPOLY, FILLSCREEN, FILLVIEW EXAMPLE REM FILLS THE CURRENT VIDEO PAGE WITH A COLOR REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DUMMY=PAGEACTIVE(0) FILLPAGE 10 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 52 FILLSCREEN PROTOTYPE SUB FILLSCREEN (Color%) INPUT Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLSCREEN clears the entire screen with the specified color. All information on the screen is lost. (Note, a faster method to clear the screen is to call any of the 'RES###' functions. These reset the graphics screen and automatically clear it to color index zero as well as reset the default palette.) SEE ALSO DRWFILLBOX, DRWFILLCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, FILLAREA, FILLCOLOR, FILLCONVEXPOLY, FILLPAGE, FILLVIEW EXAMPLE REM FILLS THE SCREEN WITH A COLOR REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 FILLSCREEN 10 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 53 FILLVIEW PROTOTYPE SUB FILLVIEW (Color%) INPUT Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FILLVIEW fills the currently defined viewport with the specified color. All information in the viewport is lost. SEE ALSO DRWFILLBOX, DRWFILLCIRCLE, DRWFILLELLIPSE, FILLAREA, FILLCOLOR, FILLCONVEXPOLY, FILLPAGE, FILLSCREEN, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM FILLS THE VIEWPORT WITH A COLOR REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 SETVIEW 100, 100, 539, 379 FILLVIEW 10 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 54 FONTGETINFO PROTOTYPE SUB FONTGETINFO (Width%, Height%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned Width - width in pixels of current font Height - height in pixels of current font USAGE FONTGETINFO returns in Width and Height the dimensions of the currently loaded font. SEE ALSO FONTSET, FONTSYSTEM EXAMPLE REM GET INFO ON THE SYSTEM FONT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 FONTGETINFO WDTH, HGTH A$ = "SYSTEM FONT WIDTH =" + STR$(WDTH) B$ = "SYSTEM FONT HEIGHT =" + STR$(HGTH) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, A$, 0, 0 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, B$, 0, 20 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 55 FONTSET PROTOTYPE SUB FONTSET (Font$) INPUT Font$ - string * 4098 containing font data OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FONTSET loads the current font with the data in Font$. The string must have at least 4098 members. The first byte of Font$ holds the font width (1 to 8) and the second byte holds the font height (1 to 16). The remaining 4096 bytes are the character raster data, 16 bytes per character. SEE ALSO FONTGETINFO, FONTSYSTEM EXAMPLE See FONTSYSTEM 56 FONTSYSTEM PROTOTYPE SUB FONTSYSTEM () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE FONTSYSTEM sets the current font to the standard system font. This font is automatically set when WHICHVGA is called. SEE ALSO WHICHVGA, FONTGETINFO, FONTSET EXAMPLE REM LOAD A FONT FROM DISK AND ENABLE IT REM THEN GO BACK TO THE SYSTEM FONT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM NEWFONT AS STRING * 4098 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 OPEN "DRAGON.FNT" FOR BINARY AS #1 GET #1, , NEWFONT CLOSE #1 FONTSET NEWFONT DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "The Dragon Font!", 0, 0 FONTSYSTEM DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "The System Font!", 0, 20 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 57 GETARCCOS PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETARCCOS% (Value&) INPUT Value - number between -1 and +1 scaled up by 13 bits (8192) OUTPUT GETARCCOS returns the arc cosine of Value in degrees. USAGE GETARCCOS returns the arc cosine in degrees for the given value. The return will be between 0 and 180 degrees. Value should be between -8192 and +8192 representing the range -1 to +1. Input values outside this range are invalid and GETARCCOS will return -32768. Floating point values are ignored. This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCSIN, GETARCTAN, GETCOS, GETSIN, GETTAN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETARCCOS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -8192 TO 8192 STEP 16 Y1& = GETARCCOS(I) DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + Y1& * 3, 240 - I / 34 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 58 GETARCSIN PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETARCSIN (Value&) INPUT Value - number between -1 and +1 scaled up by 13 bits (8192) OUTPUT GETARCSIN returns the arc sine of Value in degrees. USAGE GETARCSIN returns the arc sine in degrees for the given value. The return will be between -90 and +90 degrees. Value should be between -8192 and +8192 representing the range -1 to +1. Input values outside this range are invalid and GETARCSIN will return -32768. Floating point values are ignored. This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCCOS, GETARCTAN, GETCOS, GETSIN, GETTAN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETARCSIN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -8192 TO 8192 STEP 16 Y1& = GETARCSIN(I) DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + Y1& * 3, 240 - I / 34 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 59 GETARCTAN PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETARCTAN (Value&) INPUT Value - long integer representing a decimal scaled up by 13 bits (8192) OUTPUT GETARCTAN returns the arc tangent of Value in degrees. USAGE GETARCTAN returns the arc cosine in degrees for the given value. The return will be between -89 and +89 degrees. Value can be any long integer. It is interpreted as a decimal scaled up by 8192 (13 bits). Floating point values are ignored. This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCCOS, GETARCSIN, GETCOS, GETSIN, GETTAN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETARCTAN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -8192 TO 8192 STEP 16 Y1& = GETARCTAN(I) Y2& = ATN(I / 8192) / DEG2RAD! DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + Y1& * 6, 240 - I / 34 DRWPOINT 1, 15, 320 + Y2& * 6, 240 - I / 34 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE 60 END 61 GETCOS PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETCOS& (Angle&) INPUT Angle - angle in degrees OUTPUT GETCOS returns the cosine of Angle scaled up by 13 bits (8192). USAGE GETCOS returns the cosine of the specified angle. Angle can be any long value; floating point values are ignored. The return value has been multiplied by 8192. This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCCOS, GETARCSIN, GETARCTAN, GETSIN, GETTAN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETCOS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -360 TO 360 Y1& = GETCOS(I) Y1& = Y1& * 240 / 8192 Y2& = 240 * COS(I * DEG2RAD!) DRWPOINT 1, 15, 320 + I, 240 - Y1& DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + I, 240 - Y2& NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE 62 END 63 GETLASTSTRING PROTOTYPE SUB GETLASTSTRING (GfxBlk%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned GfxBlk - integer destination array holding bitmap of text block USAGE GETLASTSTRING returns the text drawn on the screen by the last called DRWSTRING function. The text is returned in GfxBlk which may be used with BLKPUT or the sprite functions. The text in GfxBlk is oriented in the same manner as the last called DRWSTRING function. The intended use is to call the DRWSTRING function using mode 0 which does not actually draw text on the screen. GETLASTSTRING should be called immediately after the DRWSTRING function to prevent possible loss of data caused by other functions. GfxBlk must be dimensioned as a short integer array with a size in integers equal to [(fontwidth*stringlength)*(fontheight)] / 2+3. The font's dimensions can be obtained by calling FONTGETINFO and the string's length can be obtained using Basic's LEN function. Note, however, that GfxBlk can be quite large. If the size of GfxBlk is insufficient, GETLASTSTRING will overwrite any data in memory contained beyond GfxBlk and may possibly cause the system to crash. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKPUT, DRWSTRING, DRWSTRINGDN, DRWSTRINGLT, DRWSTRINGRT, FONTGETINFO EXAMPLE REM USES GETLASTSTRING TO DRAW SOME TEXT AT THE CENTER OF THE SCREEN 64 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE=VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 A$ = "HELLO WORLD" DRWSTRING 0, 10, 0, A$, 0, 0 FONTGETINFO W, H L = LEN(A$) BLKSIZE = ( (W*L)*H )\2 + 3 DIM BLK(0 TO BLKSIZE) GETLASTSTRING BLK(0) BLKPUT 1, 320, 240, BLK(0) WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 65 GETMAXX PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETMAXX% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT GETMAXX returns the current horizontal resolution of the screen. USAGE GETMAXX returns the horizontal resolution of the screen in the current mode. This function should only be called if one of the RES### functions has been previously called. Otherwise, the value returned is meaningless. SEE ALSO GETMAXY EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETMAXX REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 X$ = "MAX X SCREEN VALUE IS:" + STR$(GETMAXX) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, X$, 0, 0 SETVIEW 0, 0, 400, 479 X$ = "MAX X SCREEN VALUE IS STILL:" + STR$(GETMAXX) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, X$, 0, 20 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 66 GETMAXY PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETMAXY% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT GETMAXY returns the current vertical resolution of the screen. USAGE GETMAXY returns the vertical resolution of the screen in the current mode. This function should only be called if one of the RES### functions has been previously called. Otherwise, the value returned is meaningless. SEE ALSO GETMAXX EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETMAXY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 Y$ = "MAX Y SCREEN VALUE IS:" + STR$(GETMAXY) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, Y$, 0, 0 SETVIEW 0, 0, 639, 200 Y$ = "MAX Y SCREEN VALUE IS STILL:" + STR$(GETMAXY) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, Y$, 0, 20 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 67 GETPOINT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETPOINT% (X%, Y%) INPUT X, Y - location of pixel to read OUTPUT GETPOINT returns the color index of pixel at X, Y. USAGE GETPOINT returns the value of the pixel at location X, Y. This value is a color index into the current palette. SEE ALSO DRWPOINT EXAMPLE REM DRAW A POINT AND CHECK TO MAKE SURE IT IS THERE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET DUMMY=RES640 DRWPOINT 1, 10, 320, 240 POINTVALUE = GETPOINT(320, 240) A$ = "THE POINT VALUE IS:" + STR$(POINTVALUE) DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, A$, 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 68 GETSIN PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETSIN& (Angle&) INPUT Angle - angle in degrees OUTPUT GETSIN returns the sine of Angle scaled up by 13 bits (8192). USAGE GETSIN returns the sine of the specified angle. Angle can be any long value; floating point values are ignored. The return value has been multiplied by 8192. This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCCOS, GETARCSIN, GETARCTAN, GETCOS, GETTAN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETSIN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -360 TO 360 Y1& = GETSIN(I) Y1& = Y1& * 240 / 8192 Y2& = 240 * SIN(I * DEG2RAD!) DRWPOINT 1, 15, 320 + I, 240 - Y1& DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + I, 240 - Y2& NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 69 GETTAN PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GETTAN& (Angle%) INPUT Angle - angle in degrees OUTPUT GETTAN returns the tangent of Angle scaled up by 13 bits (8192). USAGE GETTAN returns the tangent of the specified angle. Angle can be any long value except +(90+n*180), where n is an integer. Floating point values are ignored. The return value has been multiplied by 8192. If an invalid angle is given, the GETTAN will return &H80000000 (-2147483648). This function uses an integer lookup table stored within the library in order to produce the fastest possible results. No floating point arithmetic is used. The scale factor of 13 bits (8192) was chosen because this is the number of bits at which every change of one degree gives a change in the value of the sine (or cosine) function. SEE ALSO GETARCCOS, GETARCSIN, GETARCTAN, GETCOS, GETSIN EXAMPLE REM SHOW GETTAN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 639, 479 DRWLINE 1, 10, 0, 240, 639, 240 DRWLINE 1, 10, 320, 0, 320, 479 DEG2RAD! = 4 * ATN(1) / 180 FOR I = -360 TO 360 IF ((I - 90) / 180) <> INT((I - 90) / 180) THEN Y1& = GETTAN(I) Y1& = Y1& * 240 / 8192 Y2& = 240 * TAN(I * DEG2RAD!) DRWPOINT 1, 15, 320 + I, 240 - Y1& DRWPOINT 1, 12, 320 + I, 240 - Y2& END IF 70 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 71 GIFGETINFO PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GIFGETINFO% (Filename$, Width%, Height%, NumColors%, Palette$) INPUT Filename$ - the filename of the GIF image to read OUTPUT GIFGETINFO returns the status of the function (1 = success). Width - the width in pixels of the image Height - the height in pixels of the image NumColors - the number of colors in the image palette Palette$ - string*768 containing the image palette USAGE GIFGETINFO reads Filename$ and returns the characteristics of the image. The dimensions of the image are returned in Width, Height. The number of colors in the image's palette is returned in NumColors and the palette is returned in Palette$. Although the image's palette may contain less than 256 colors, Palette$ must be 768 characters in length. The image's palette will begin with the first character of Palette$. For ease of programming the GIF decoder requires that the image be non-interlaced, use only a global color map and be compressed according to GIF87a specifications. If GIFGETINFO determines that Filename$ is a satisfactory file, the function will return a one. Otherwise, the function will return one of several error codes concerning Filename$ as listed below: 0 = does not exist or there is some disk I/O problem -1 = does not have the GIF87a signature -2 = image is interlaced -3 = does not use a global color map -4 = has some general error SEE ALSO GIFMAKE, GIFPUT EXAMPLE REM GET THE INFORMATION OF THE GIF FILE 'UTTOWER.GIF' REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM GIFPAL AS STRING * 768 72 CLS GIFFILENAME$="UTTOWER.GIF" PRINT OK = GIFGETINFO(GIFFILENAME$, XSIZE, YSIZE, NUMCOL, GIFPAL) IF OK = 1 THEN A$ = "'" + GIFFILENAME$ + "' is identified as a 'Non- Interlaced' type GIF" A$ = A$ + "'GIF87a' GIF." PRINT A$ A$ = "Dimensions are:" + STR$(XSIZE) + " pixels wide and" + STR$(YSIZE) A$ = A$ + " pixels high" PRINT A$ A$ = "Number of colors:" + STR$(NUMCOL) PRINT A$ END IF WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 73 GIFMAKE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GIFMAKE% (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, Filename$) INPUT X1, Y1 - the location of the top, left corner of the image X2, Y2 - the bottom, right corner of the image Filename$ - filename to store the GIF image OUTPUT GIFMAKE returns a 1 if successful, 0 if unsuccessful. USAGE GIFMAKE takes the bitmap enclosed in the box defined by (X1, Y1) - (X2, Y2) and writes a GIF with the filename specified by Filename$. The resulting file uses the GIF87a compression specifications. X1, Y1, X2 and Y2 must be valid coordinates on the currently active page. Filename$ may specify a full path and drive letter, if necessary. SEE ALSO GIFGETINFO, GIFPUT EXAMPLE REM MAKE A 256 COLOR GIF FILE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM DT(0 TO 10000) AS INTEGER IF WHICHCPU < 386 THEN END IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN END VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET DUMMY = RES640 FILLSCREEN 10 FOR A = 0 TO 200 X1 = RND * GETMAXX Y1 = RND * GETMAXY X2 = RND * GETMAXX Y2 = RND * GETMAXY C = RND * 255 DRWLINE 1, C, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 NEXT A DRWBOX 1, 15, 0, 0, GETMAXX, GETMAXY A$ = "This GIF file was created using Zephyr Software's 'GIFMAKE' function!" DRWSTRING 1, 15, 0, A$, 2, 2 ER = GIFMAKE(0, 0, GETMAXX, GETMAXY, "TEST.GIF") VIDEOMODESET VMODE 74 IF ER <> 1 THEN PRINT "GIF MAKE ERROR!" END IF END 75 GIFPUT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION GIFPUT (Mode%, X%, Y%, Filename$) INPUT Mode - pixel write mode (SET=1, XOR=2, OR=3, AND=4) X, Y - the location of the top, left corner of the GIF image Filename$ - filename of the GIF image to read OUTPUT GIFPUT returns the status of the function (1 = success). USAGE GIFPUT reads the GIF image from Filename$ and places it on the screen with the top, left corner at X, Y. The image is automatically clipped to the currently defined viewport. The image's palette should be previously obtained by using GIFGETINFO. For ease of programming the GIF decoder requires that the image be non-interlaced, use only a global color map and be compressed according to GIF87a specifications. If GIFPUT encounters no problems, the function will return a one. Otherwise, the function will return one of several error codes concerning Filename$ as listed below: 0 = does not exist or there is some disk I/O problem -1 = does not have the GIF87a signature -2 = image is interlaced -3 = does not use a global color map -4 = has some general error SEE ALSO GIFGETINFO, GIFMAKE, SETVIEW EXAMPLE REM DISPLAY THE GIF FILE 'UTTOWER.GIF' REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM GIFPAL AS STRING * 768 IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP GIFFILENAME$="UTTOWER.GIF" VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET DUMMY=RES640 76 OK = GIFGETINFO(GIFFILENAME$, XSIZE, YSIZE, NUMCOL, GIFPAL) IF OK = 1 THEN FIXIT = 0 FOR A = 1 TO NUMCOL * 3 STEP 3 R = ASC(MID$(GIFPAL, A, 1)) G = ASC(MID$(GIFPAL, A + 1, 1)) B = ASC(MID$(GIFPAL, A + 2, 1)) IF R > 63 THEN FIXIT = 1 EXIT FOR END IF IF G > 63 THEN FIXIT = 1 EXIT FOR END IF IF B > 63 THEN FIXIT = 1 EXIT FOR END IF NEXT A IF FIXIT = 1 THEN FOR A = 1 TO NUMCOL * 3 C = ASC(MID$(GIFPAL, A, 1)) MID$(GIFPAL, A, 1) = CHR$(C \ 4) NEXT A END IF PALSET GIFPAL, 0, 255 OK = GIFPUT(1, 0, 0, GIFFILENAME$) IF OK <> 1 THEN SOUND 100, 5 END IF END IF WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 77 JOYSTICKINFO PROTOTYPE SUB JOYSTICKINFO (JAX%, JAY%, JAButs%, JBX%, JBY%, JBButs%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned JAX, JAY - horizontal and vertical values of joystick A JAButs - button status of joystick A JBX, JBY - horizontal and vertical values of joystick B JBButs - button status of joystick B USAGE JOYSTICKINFO returns the current status of the two joysticks' position and buttons. The position is returned in JAX, JAY for joystick A and JBX, JBY for joystick B. The buttons' status is held in JAButs and JBButs. For each joystick, button A - usually the fire button - is held in bit zero and button B is in bit one. Button status is most easily checked with a bitwise AND of JAButs (or JBButs) and the desired bit. Not all joysticks are constructed the same. In addition, joysticks are not linear devices. The value of its center will not necessarily be the mean of its extreme values. Therefore, it is recommended that any program using the joystick for more than just directional control complete a calibration of the joystick prior to usage. For an example of joystick calibration, see the SVGADEMO.EXE source code. SEE ALSO WHICHJOYSTICK EXAMPLE REM DISPLAY THE STATUS OF THE JOYSTICK PORT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS WHILE INKEY$ = "" JOYSTICKINFO JAX, JAY, JAButs, JBX, JBY, JBButs LOCATE 1, 1 PRINT STRING$(40, 32) LOCATE 1, 1 PRINT JAX; JAY; JAButs, JBX; JBY; JBButs; SDELAY 4 78 WEND END 79 MOUSEBUTPRESS PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEBUTPRESS (ReqButton%, X%, Y%, Num%, MouseButs%) INPUT ReqButton - button for which information is requested OUTPUT no value returned X, Y - current location of mouse cursor Num - number of times button has been pressed since last request MouseButs - current status of the mouse buttons USAGE MOUSEBUTPRESS returns in Num the number of times a mouse button has been pressed since the last call to MOUSEBUTPRESS. In addition the current status of the mouse cursor and buttons is returned. The position is returned in X, Y. The buttons' status is held in MouseButs. The left button is held in bit zero, right button in bit one and center button - for three button mice - in bit two. Button status is most easily checked with a bitwise AND of MouseButs and the desired bit. The button for which a history is desired is identified by the bits in ReqButton. However, only one bit may be set. Therefore, only the values of 1, 2 and 4 are permitted. If more than one bit in ReqButton is set, the function will exit and no information will be returned. SEE ALSO MOUSEBUTRELEASE, MOUSESTATUS EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW, MOUSE / DISPLAY LEFT BUTTON PRESS HISTORY REM FOR THE LAST 2 SECONDS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" MOUSEBUTPRESS 1, X, Y, N, MBUTS D$ = "MX=" + STR$(X) 80 L = LEN(D$) IF L < 10 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(8 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "MY=" + STR$(Y) L = LEN(D$) IF L < 20 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(16 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "Number Of Times=" + STR$(N) DRWSTRING 1, 15, 8, D$, 0, 0 SDELAY 80 WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 81 MOUSEBUTRELEASE PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEBUTRELEASE (ReqButton%, X%, Y%, Num%, MouseButs%) INPUT ReqButton - button for which information is requested OUTPUT no value returned X, Y - current location of mouse cursor Num - number of times button has been released since last request MouseButs - current status of mouse buttons USAGE MOUSEBUTRELEASE returns in Num the number of times a mouse button has been released since the last call to MOUSEBUTRELEASE. In addition the current status of the mouse cursor and buttons is returned. The position is returned in X, Y. The buttons' status is held in MouseButs. The left button is held in bit zero, right button in bit one and center button - for three button mice - in bit two. Button status is most easily checked with a bitwise AND of MouseButs and the desired bit. The button for which a history is desired is identified by the bits in ReqButton. However, only one bit may be set. Therefore, only the values of 1, 2 and 4 are permitted. If more than one bit in ReqButton is set, the function will exit and no information will be returned. SEE ALSO MOUSEBUTPRESS, MOUSESTATUS EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW, MOUSE / DISPLAY LEFT BUTTON RELEASE HISTORY REM FOR THE LAST 2 SECONDS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" MOUSEBUTRELEASE 1, X, Y, N, MBUTS D$ = "MX=" + STR$(X) 82 L = LEN(D$) IF L < 10 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(8 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "MY=" + STR$(Y) L = LEN(D$) IF L < 20 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(16 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "Number Of Times=" + STR$(N) DRWSTRING 1, 15, 8, D$, 0, 0 SDELAY 80 WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 83 MOUSECURSORDEFAULT PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSECURSORDEFAULT () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSECURSORDEFAULT defines the mouse cursor to be a small arrow with the hot spot in the upper, left corner. This is the cursor set when MOUSEENTER is called. SEE ALSO MOUSECURSORSET, MOUSEENTER EXAMPLE See MOUSECURSORSET 84 MOUSECURSORSET PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSECURSORSET (MouseCursor$) INPUT MouseCursor$ - string * 386 containing mouse cursor data OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSECURSORSET defines the cursor according to the data in MouseCursor$. The hot spot X and Y location for the cursor is defined by the first two bytes of MouseCursor$. The values for the hot spot must be within the cursor. Valid values are from 0 to 15 for the X location and from 0 to 23 for the Y location. SEE ALSO MOUSECURSORDEFAULT, MOUSEENTER, MOUSESHOW EXAMPLE REM MAKE A BIG CURSOR, THEN RESTORE IT BACK TO THE DEFAULT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER DIM BIGMOUSECURSOR AS STRING * 386 FOR I = 1 TO 386 READ A MID$(BIGMOUSECURSOR, I, 1) = CHR$(A) NEXT I MOUSECURSORSET BIGMOUSECURSOR MOUSERANGESET 0, 0, 639, 400 MOUSESHOW A$ = "Press A Key To Return To The Default Cursor" DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, A$, 0, 420 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSECURSORDEFAULT A$ = "Press A Key To End " DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, A$, 0, 420 85 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END REM *BIG ARROW MOUSE CURSOR DATA DATA 2,2 DATA 0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,0,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,0,0,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,0,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,0,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,0,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,15,0,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,15,15,0,0,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,15,0,0,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,15,0,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255,255,255,255 DATA 0,0,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255,255,255 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255,255 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255,255 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0,255 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,15,0 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,15,15,0 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,0,0,0 DATA 255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,25 5 86 MOUSEENTER PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEENTER () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSEENTER must be called before any other mouse functions. It initializes all of the mouse abilities including installing the Zephyr mouse display driver. MOUSEENTER initializes the default mouse cursor, the default sensitivity and sets the range to the current screen resolution. The mouse cursor location is set to the middle of the screen. SEE ALSO MOUSEEXIT, MOUSEHIDE, MOUSESHOW EXAMPLE REM ENABLE AND SHOW THE MOUSE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 87 MOUSEEXIT PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEEXIT () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSEEXIT properly disables all of the mouse abilities. This function also removes the Zephyr mouse display driver. This function should be called prior to exiting any program that previously called MOUSEENTER. SEE ALSO MOUSEENTER, MOUSEHIDE, MOUSESHOW EXAMPLE See MOUSEENTER 88 MOUSEHIDE PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEHIDE () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSEHIDE turns off the mouse display driver and removes the cursor from the display. It is recommended to hide the mouse any time something will be drawn in its general vicinity. Note, however, that although the cursor is not visible, all other mouse abilities remain active. SEE ALSO MOUSEENTER, MOUSEEXIT, MOUSESHOW EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW, AND THE HIDE THE MOUSE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEHIDE WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 89 MOUSEINFO PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSEINFO (MajorVersion%, MinorVersion%, MouseType%, IRQ%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned MajorVersion - Microsoft compatible mouse driver major version number MinorVersion - Microsoft compatible mouse driver minor version number MouseType - type of mouse installed IRQ - the interrupt used by the mouse USAGE MOUSEINFO returns information about the mouse and its installed driver. The driver must be Microsoft compatible. This information can be used to determine whether the mouse functions in this library will operate correctly. For proper operation the driver version number must be greater than 1.00. IRQ gives the interrupt number of the mouse - probably 3 or 4. MouseType returns information about the type of hardware installed according to the following table: 0 = unknown type 1 = bus mouse 2 = serial mouse 3 = Inport mouse 4 = PS/2 mouse 5 = HP mouse SEE ALSO WHICHMOUSE EXAMPLE REM RETURN INFORMATION ABOUT THE MOUSE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS MOUSE = WHICHMOUSE IF MOUSE > 0 THEN MOUSEINFO MJV, MNV, TP, I VER$ = STR$(MNV) L = LEN(VER$) 90 VER$ = STR$(MJV) + "." + RIGHT$(VER$, L - 1) VER$ = "Software driver version is" + VER$ VER$ = VER$ + " (Microsoft equivalent version)." SELECT CASE TP CASE IS = 1 TYPE$ = "bus mouse" CASE IS = 2 TYPE$ = "serial mouse" CASE IS = 3 TYPE$ = "Inport mouse" CASE IS = 4 TYPE$ = "PS/2 mouse" CASE IS = 5 TYPE$ = "HP mouse" CASE ELSE TYPE$ = "unknown type" END SELECT PRINT "Microsoft compatible " + TYPE$ + " detected with"; PRINT STR$(MOUSE) + " buttons on IRQ" + STR$(I) + "." PRINT VER$ ELSE PRINT "No Microsoft compatible mouse detected." END IF PRINT WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 91 MOUSELOCSET PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSELOCSET (X%, Y%) INPUT X, Y - location on screen OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSELOCSET moves the mouse cursor the location on the screen specified by X, Y. If either X or Y is outside of the currently permitted mouse range, it is set to the closest border. The currently permitted mouse range is the current screen resolution or the last called MOUSERANGESET. SEE ALSO MOUSEENTER, MOUSERANGESET EXAMPLE REM ENABLE AND SHOW THE MOUSE THEN MOVE IT TO THE ORIGIN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSELOCSET 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 92 MOUSERANGESET PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSERANGESET (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%) INPUT X1, Y1 - location on screen of top, left corner of range X2, Y2 - location on screen of bottom, right corner of range OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSERANGESET defines a permissible range on the screen for mouse movement. The mouse is automatically positioned in the center of this range. SEE ALSO MOUSELOCSET, MOUSESTATUS EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW, AND SET A RANGE FOR THE MOUSE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER DRWBOX 1, 10, 100, 100, 539, 379 MOUSERANGESET 100, 100, 539, 379 MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 93 MOUSERESTORESTATE PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSERESTORESTATE (MouseBuf%) INPUT MouseBuf - integer array holding complete mouse status information OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSERESTORESTATE completely restores a previously saved mouse status as contained in MouseBuf. The mouse status must have been already stored in MouseBuf by MOUSESAVESTATE. SEE ALSO MOUSESAVESTATE, MOUSESTORAGESIZE EXAMPLE REM SAVE THE CURRENT MOUSE DRIVER STATUS,SHELL OUT, RESTORE IT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP BUFSIZE = MOUSESTORAGESIZE \ 2 + 1 DIM MBUFFER(0 TO BUFSIZE) AS INTEGER MOUSESAVESTATE MBUFFER(0) PRINT "TYPE 'EXIT' TO RETURN TO THE PROGRAM" SHELL CLS MOUSERESTORESTATE MBUFFER(0) PRINT "DRIVER RESTORED..." WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 94 MOUSESAVESTATE PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSESAVESTATE (MouseBuf%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned MouseBuf - integer array holding complete mouse status information USAGE MOUSESAVESTATE saves the complete mouse status in MouseBuf. The size of MouseBuf in bytes is defined by MOUSESTORAGESIZE which should called first. SEE ALSO MOUSERESTORESTATE, MOUSESTORAGESIZE EXAMPLE See MOUSERESTORESTATE 95 MOUSESENSSET PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSESENSSET (XSens%, Ysens%, DblSpdTresh%) INPUT XSens - number of mickeys per 8 pixels horizontally (default = 8 mickeys per 8 pixels) YSens - number of mickeys per 8 pixels vertically (default = 16 mickeys per 8 pixels) DblSpdThresh = number of mickeys per second at which speed is doubled (default = 64) OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSESENSSET defines the relationship between mouse movement and cursor movement on the screen. A mickey is defined as 1/200th of an inch. The ratio between mickeys and pixels is specified by XSens and YSens in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. When the mouse movement is faster than DblSpdThresh in mickeys per second, the speed is doubled. The default values are assigned whenever MOUSEENTER or MOUSEEXIT are called. SEE ALSO MOUSEENTER, MOUSEEXIT, MOUSESTATUS EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW THE MOUSE AND MAKE IT VERY SENSITIVE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW MOUSESENSSET 50, 50, 10 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 96 MOUSESHOW PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSESHOW () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE MOUSESHOW enables the mouse display driver and places the cursor on the screen. The cursor is only updated when the mouse is moved. Therefore, it is recommended to hide the cursor when drawing on the screen to avoid unexpected results. SEE ALSO MOUSEENTER, MOUSEEXIT, MOUSEHIDE EXAMPLE See MOUSEHIDE 97 MOUSESTATUS PROTOTYPE SUB MOUSESTATUS (X%, Y%, MouseButs%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned X, Y - mouse position on screen MouseButs - status of mouse buttons USAGE MOUSESTATUS returns the current status of the mouse position and buttons. The position is returned in X, Y. The buttons' status is held in MouseButs. The left button is held in bit zero, right button in bit one and center button - for three button mice - in bit two. Button status is most easily checked with a bitwise AND of MouseButs and the desired bit. SEE ALSO MOUSERANGESET, MOUSESENSSET EXAMPLE REM ENABLE, SHOW, DISPLAY MOUSE STATUS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 MOUSEENTER MOUSESHOW WHILE INKEY$ = "" MOUSESTATUS X, Y, MButs D$ = "MX=" + STR$(X) L = LEN(D$) IF L < 10 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(8 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "MY=" + STR$(Y) L = LEN(D$) IF L < 20 THEN D$ = D$ + STRING$(16 - L, 32) END IF D$ = D$ + "MBUTS=" + STR$(MButs) DRWSTRING 1, 15, 8, D$, 0, 0 98 WEND MOUSEEXIT VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 99 MOUSESTORAGESIZE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION MOUSESTORAGESIZE% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT MOUSESTORAGESIZE returns the number of bytes needed to store the complete mouse status. USAGE MOUSESTORAGESIZE determines the proper size buffer to hold the complete mouse status information. This buffer should be created before calling MOUSESAVESTATE. SEE ALSO MOUSERESTORESTATE, MOUSESAVESTATE EXAMPLE REM RETURN THE SIZE IN BYTES NEEDED TO SAVE THE MOUSE STATUS REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS IF WHICHMOUSE = 0 THEN STOP A$ = "The Mouse Driver Requires A" + STR$(MOUSESTORAGESIZE) + " Byte Buffer " A$ = A$ + "To Save Current Status." PRINT A$ PRINT WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 100 OVERSCANSET PROTOTYPE SUB OVERSCANSET (Color%) INPUT Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE OVERSCANSET sets the overscan region to the specified color. The overscan region is the area between the usable pixel area and the region not scanned by the monitor. Normally, the overscan is color zero which is defined as black the majority of the time. The overscan color is reset to zero anytime a RES### function is called. Note: OVERSCANSET always works in the 320x200 resolution. In the higher resolutions on many common SVGA cards this function is ignored. Instead, the card always assigns the overscan region to color zero. Therefore, it is recommended to not use OVERSCANSET, but assign color zero as needed. EXAMPLE REM SET THE OVERSCAN COLOR TO GREEN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP RES320 OVERSCANSET 10 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 101 PAGEACTIVE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION PAGEACTIVE (Page%) INPUT Page - number of page to make active OUTPUT PAGEACTIVE returns a 1 if successful, 0 if unsuccessful. USAGE PAGEACTIVE sets the active page as specified by Page. It works by creating an offset to be added when any bank switching is performed. This function does not affect the actual display. A page is defined as the number of 64K blocks necessary to contain the current screen resolution. For example, 640x480 requires 307,200 bytes which is a little more than 4.5 64K blocks. One page in this resolution will be 5 banks. PAGEACTIVE does not work in 320x200 mode since this mode uses no bank switching. SEE ALSO PAGEDISPLAY EXAMPLE REM SHOW PAGEACTIVE FUNCTION REM THIS EXAMPLE REQUIRES 1 MEG OF VIDEO MEMORY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN END END IF IF WHICHMEM < 1024 THEN END END IF IF RES640 = 0 THEN END END IF REM MAKE SURE VIDEO CARD SUPPORTS PAGE FLIPPING IF PAGEDISPLAY(0, 0, 0) = 0 THEN DUMMY = RESTEXT END END IF 102 DUMMY = PAGEACTIVE(0) FILLPAGE 0 DRWSTRING 1, 10, 0, "PAGE 0", 0, 0 DRWSTRING 1, 10, 0, "PRESS A KEY...", 0, 300 DUMMY = PAGEACTIVE(1) FILLPAGE 0 DRWSTRING 1, 12, 0, "PAGE 1", 0, 20 DRWSTRING 1, 12, 0, "PRESS A KEY...", 0, 300 DUMMY = PAGEACTIVE(2) FILLPAGE 0 DRWSTRING 1, 13, 0, "PAGE 2", 0, 40 DRWSTRING 1, 13, 0, "PRESS A KEY...", 0, 300 DUMMY = PAGEDISPLAY(0, 0, 0) WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND DUMMY = PAGEDISPLAY(0, 0, 1) WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND DUMMY = PAGEDISPLAY(0, 0, 2) WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND DUMMY = RESTEXT CLS END 103 PAGEDISPLAY PROTOTYPE FUNCTION PAGEDISPLAY (X%, Y%, Page%) INPUT X, Y - coordinate to place at top, left of display Page - number of page to make active OUTPUT PAGEACTIVE returns a 1 if successful, 0 if unsuccessful. USAGE PAGEDISPLAY tells the video card where in video memory to begin the display. This display offset is calculated from the specified Page, X and Y. This is done by multiplying Y times the width of the current resolution, adding X and then adding the appropriate number of 64K blocks for Page. X, Y and Page must all be positive numbers, but are otherwise not restricted. The display will wrap if the values are abnormally large. Wrapping will happen from side to side as well as from top of memory to bottom of memory. PAGEDISPLAY does not work in 320x200 mode since this mode uses no bank switching. In addition, older models of some SVGA cards operating in native mode do not support paging. In this library these cards are: Acumos, Ahead version A, Everex and Genoa. To ensure compatibility, a program should make a call similar to: RET = PAGEDISPLAY(0,0,0) IF RET = 0 THEN PRINT "PAGING NOT SUPPORTED" Note: SVGA cards by ATI Technologies appear to ignore bit 4 (counting from 0 to 19) in its linear addressing mode and assume it is zero. Therefore, bit 4 of the x parameter will be ignored by ATI chipsets. SEE ALSO PAGEACTIVE EXAMPLE See PAGEACTIVE 104 PALCHGAUTO PROTOTYPE SUB PALCHGAUTO (Pal$, NewPal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%, Speed%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing initial palette NewPal$ - string *768 containing new palette FirstColor - index into palette where change will begin LastColor - index into palette where change will end Speed - speed of change OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALCHGAUTO smoothly fades the colors between FirstColor and LastColor from the palette Pal$ to NewPal$. The speed of the fade is set by Speed which is percentage change between each step of the fade. Only values between 1 and 128 are valid where 1 represents a one percent change between steps and 128 (80 hex) represents fifty percent change between steps. A Speed of 128 would then have only two steps. A Speed outside of the valid range causes the function to immediately return without making any changes. The time required to accomplish the entire fade is approximately equal to 0.033 seconds times 256 divided by Speed. PALCHGAUTO does not modify either Pal$ or NewPal$. SEE ALSO PALCHGSTEP, PALDIMSTEP, PALIOAUTO EXAMPLE REM AUTOFADE FROM ONE PALETTE TO ANOTHER AND BACK AGAIN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 DIM NEWPAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 FOR I = 1 TO 768 MID$(NEWPAL, I, 1) = MID$(PAL, 769 - I, 1) NEXT I 105 COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 END IF NEXT I PALCHGAUTO PAL, NEWPAL, 0, 255, 2 PALCHGAUTO NEWPAL, PAL, 0, 255, 2 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 106 PALCHGSTEP PROTOTYPE SUB PALCHGSTEP (Pal$, NewPal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%, Percent%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing initial palette NewPal$ - string * 768 containing new palette FirstColor - index into palette where change will begin LastColor - index into palette where change will end Percent - percent step from current palette to new palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALCHGSTEP changes the palette colors between FirstColor and LastColor by Percent from Pal$ to NewPal$. This function works very much like PALCHGAUTO except it only takes a single step and returns. The step taken is a percentage specified by Percent where 256 (100 hex) is a 100 percent change. The valid range for Percent is 0 to 256. Values beyond this range cause the function to immediately return without making any changes. A loop from 4 to 256 by fours using PALCHGSTEP would have similar results as PALCHGAUTO with a speed of 4. Neither Pal$, nor NewPal$ are modified. SEE ALSO PALCHGAUTO, PALDIMSTEP, PALIOAUTO EXAMPLE REM STEP FADE FROM ONE PALETTE TO ANOTHER AND BACK AGAIN FAST REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 DIM NEWPAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 FOR I = 1 TO 768 MID$(NEWPAL, I, 1) = MID$(PAL, 769 - I, 1) NEXT I COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 107 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 END IF NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 255 STEP 2 PALCHGSTEP PAL, NEWPAL, 0, 255, I NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 255 STEP 16 PALCHGSTEP NEWPAL, PAL, 0, 255, I NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 108 PALCOPY PROTOTYPE SUB PALCOPY (SrcPalette$, DestPalette$, FirstColor%, LastColor%) INPUT SrcPalette$ - string * 768 containing source palette FirstColor - index into palette where copy will begin LastColor - index into palette where copy will end OUTPUT no value returned DestPalette$ - string * 768 containing copy of source palette USAGE PALCOPY quickly copies a source palette into a second palette array. The source and destination must both be defined as string * 768 or PALCOPY will return without making any copy. A portion of a palette may be copied by specifying first and last colors. SEE ALSO BYTECOPY EXAMPLE REM SHOW PAL COPY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL1 AS STRING * 768 DIM PAL2 AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY = RES640 FOR I = 0 TO 255 MID$(PAL1, I * 3 + 1, 1) = CHR$(I) MID$(PAL1, I * 3 + 2, 1) = CHR$(I) MID$(PAL1, I * 3 + 3, 1) = CHR$(I) NEXT I COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 NEXT I PALCOPY PAL1, PAL2, 0, 255 PALSET PAL2, 0, 255 109 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 110 PALDIMSTEP PROTOTYPE SUB PALDIMSTEP (Pal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%, Percent%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing initial palette FirstColor - index into palette where dim will begin LastColor - index into palette where dim will end Percent - percent step from current palette to black OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALDIMSTEP fades the specified palette to black by the given percentage between FirstColor and LastColor. The percentage step from Pal$ to black is specified by Percent where 256 (100 hex) is full black. The valid range for Percent is 0 to 256. Values beyond this range cause the function to immediately return without making any changes. Pal$ is not modified. SEE ALSO PALCHGAUTO, PALCHGSTEP, PALIOAUTO EXAMPLE REM STEP FADE OUT AND BACK IN FAST REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 NEXT I FOR I = 255 TO 0 STEP -2 PALDIMSTEP PAL, 0, 255, I NEXT I FOR I = 1 TO 255 STEP 16 PALDIMSTEP PAL, 0, 255, I NEXT I 111 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 112 PALGET PROTOTYPE SUB PALGET (Pal$, FirstColor, LastColor%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 to hold current palette FirstColor - index into palette where get will begin LastColor - index into palette where get will end OUTPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing the current palette in the specified range USAGE PALGET returns in Pal$ the colors from the current palette between FirstColor and LastColor. Only colors in the specified range are returned and all others in Pal$ are unchanged. Pal$ must have a length of 768 characters despite the number of colors retrieved. SEE ALSO PALROTATE, PALSET EXAMPLE REM GET THE CURRENT PALETTE IN THE VARIABLE 'PAL' REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 VIDEOMODESET VMODE CLS PRINT "GOT IT IN 'PAL'..." WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 113 PALIOAUTO PROTOTYPE SUB PALIOAUTO (Pal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%, Speed%) INPUT Pal$ - string *768 containing initial palette FirstColor - index into palette where fade will begin LastColor - index into palette where fade will end Speed - speed of fade OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALIOAUTO smoothly fades the colors between FirstColor and LastColor of Pal$ to or from solid black. The speed of the fade is set by Speed which is the percentage change between each step of the fade. A positive Speed corresponds to fading from Pal$ to black and a negative Speed fades from black to Pal$. Only values between -128 and +128 are valid where 1 represents a one percent change between steps and 128 ( 80 hex) represents fifty percent change between steps. A Speed of 128 would then have only two steps. A Speed outside of the valid range causes the function to immediately return without making any changes. The time required to accomplish the entire fade is approximately equal to 0.033 seconds times 256 divided by Speed. PALIOAUTO does not modify Pal$. SEE ALSO PALCHGAUTO, PALCHGSTEP, PALDIMSTEP EXAMPLE REM FADE OUT AND BACK IN FAST REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 NEXT I 114 PALIOAUTO PAL, 0, 255, -2 PALIOAUTO PAL, 0, 255, 16 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 115 PALROTATE PROTOTYPE SUB PALROTATE (Pal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%, Shift%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing current palette FirstColor - index into palette where shift will begin LastColor - index into palette where shift will end Shift - number of locations to shift colors OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALROTATE shifts the colors between FirstColor and LastColor by a given number of locations. The number of locations the colors are moved is specified by Shift which is between 1 and 256. Pal$ is not modified by PALROTATE. SEE ALSO PALGET, PALSET EXAMPLE REM ROTATE A FEW PALETTE ENTRIES AROUND REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 NEXT I FOR I = 0 TO 100 PALROTATE PAL, 0, 127, 1 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 116 PALSET PROTOTYPE SUB PALSET (Pal$, FirstColor%, LastColor%) INPUT Pal$ - string * 768 containing the palette to set FirstColor - index into palette where set will begin LastColor - index into palette where set will end OUTPUT no value returned USAGE PALSET sets the specified range of colors in the current palette with the corresponding range in the palette Pal$. SEE ALSO PALGET EXAMPLE REM SET A NEW PALETTE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM PAL AS STRING * 768 DIM NEWPAL AS STRING * 768 VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 PALGET PAL, 0, 255 FOR I = 1 TO 768 MID$(NEWPAL, I, 1) = MID$(PAL, 769 - I, 1) NEXT I COLR = 0 FOR I = 0 TO 639 DRWLINE 1, COLR, I, 0, I, 479 COLR = COLR + 1 IF COLR > 255 THEN COLR = 0 NEXT I PALSET NEWPAL, 0, 255 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 117 RES320 PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES320% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES320 always returns a 1. USAGE RES320 sets video mode 0x13 which is the VGA standard 320x200 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function can be called without calling WHICHVGA first as this function requires only that a VGA card is present, not a Super VGA card. If a VGA is not present, the system may crash. SEE ALSO RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 320x200x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES320 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 320x200x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 118 RES640 PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES640% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES640 returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE RES640 sets the video mode to 640x480 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function requires that a Super VGA card with at least 512K of video memory be present. Also, WHICHVGA must be called first or the function will fail without changing the video mode. If the video card does not have sufficient memory, RES640 will return without changing the video mode. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 640x480x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 640x480x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 119 RES640L PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES640L% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES640L returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE RES640L sets the video mode to 640x400 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function requires that a Super VGA card with at least 256K of video memory be present. Also, WHICHVGA must be called first or the function will fail without changing the video mode. If the video card does not have sufficient memory, RES640L will return without changing the video mode. Note: 640x400 is a non-standard resolution. Not all SVGA cards recognized by this library support this video mode. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 640x400x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 256 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640L DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 640x400x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 120 RES800 PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES800% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES800 returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE RES800 sets the video mode to 800x600 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function requires that a Super VGA card with at least 512K of video memory be present. Also, WHICHVGA must be called first or the function will fail without changing the video mode. If the video card does not have sufficient memory, RES800 will return without changing the video mode. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES1024, RES1280, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 800x600x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES800 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 800x600x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 121 RES1024 PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES1024% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES1024 returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE RES1024 sets the video mode to 1024x768 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function requires that a Super VGA card with at least 1 Megabyte of video memory be present. Also, WHICHVGA must be called first or the function will fail without changing the video mode. If the video card does not have sufficient memory, RES1024 will return without changing the video mode. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1280, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 1024x768x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 1024 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES1024 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 1024x768x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 122 RES1280 PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RES1280% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RES1280 returns 1 if successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE RES1280 sets the video mode to 1280x1024 graphics mode with 256 colors. This function requires that a Super VGA card with at least 2 Megabytes of video memory be present. Also, WHICHVGA must be called first or the function will fail without changing the video mode. If the video card does not have sufficient memory, RES1280 will return without changing the video mode. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO 1280x1024x256 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 2048 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES1024 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "THIS IS THE 1280x1024x256 VIDEO MODE...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 123 RESTEXT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION RESTEXT% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT RESTEXT always returns a 1. USAGE RESTEXT sets video mode three which is the VGA standard 80x25 text mode. SEE ALSO VIDEOMODEGET, VIDEOMODESET EXAMPLE REM SET THE VIDEO MODE TO STANDARD DOS TEXT MODE 3 REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET RESTEXT PRINT "THIS IS THE TEXT VIDEO MODE (DOS VIDEO MODE 3)... WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 124 SCROLLDN PROTOTYPE SUB SCROLLDN (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, Num%, Color%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top left corner of block X2, Y2 - bottom right corner of block Num - number of pixels to shift Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SCROLLDN shifts the contents of the box described by (X1, Y1) - (X2, Y2) down by the number of pixels specified by Num. The empty pixels created at the top of the box are filled with Color. The pixels that are shifted out of the box are lost. SCROLLDN enforces X2 X1 and Y2Y1. When placed within a loop, SCROLLDN will create a scrolling effect. SEE ALSO SCROLLLT, SCROLLRT, SCROLLUP EXAMPLE REM SCROLL SOME TEXT DOWN REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "TEXT TEXT", 20, 43 FOR I = 0 TO 40 SCROLLDN 1, 1, 99, 99, 1, 0 SDELAY 2 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 125 SCROLLLT PROTOTYPE SUB SCROLLLT (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, Num%, Color%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top left corner of block X2, Y2 - bottom right corner of block Num - number of pixels to shift Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SCROLLLT shifts the contents of the box described by (X1, Y1) - (X2, Y2) down by the number of pixels specified by Num. The empty pixels created at the right of the box are filled with Color. The pixels that are shifted out of the box are lost. SCROLLLT enforces X2 X1 and Y2Y1. When placed within a loop, SCROLLRT will create a scrolling effect. SEE ALSO SCROLLDN, SCROLLRT, SCROLLUP EXAMPLE REM SCROLL SOME TEXT LEFT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "TEXT TEXT", 20, 43 FOR I = 0 TO 40 SCROLLLT 1, 1, 99, 99, 1, 0 SDELAY 2 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 126 SCROLLRT PROTOTYPE SUB SCROLLRT (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, Num%, Color%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top left corner of block X2, Y2 - bottom right corner of block Num - number of pixels to shift Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SCROLLRT shifts the contents of the box described by (X1, Y1) - (X2, Y2) down by the number of pixels specified by Num. The empty pixels created at the left of the box are filled with Color. The pixels that are shifted out of the box are lost. SCROLLRT enforces X2 X1 and Y2Y1. When placed within a loop, SCROLLRT will create a scrolling effect. SEE ALSO SCROLLDN, SCROLLLT, SCROLLUP EXAMPLE REM SCROLL SOME TEXT RIGHT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "TEXT TEXT", 20, 43 FOR I = 0 TO 40 SCROLLRT 1, 1, 99, 99, 1, 0 SDELAY 2 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 127 SCROLLUP PROTOTYPE SUB SCROLLUP (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, Num%, Color%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top left corner of block X2, Y2 - bottom right corner of block Num - number of pixels to shift Color - index to color in current palette OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SCROLLUP shifts the contents of the box described by (X1, Y1) - (X2, Y2) down by the number of pixels specified by Num. The empty pixels created at the bottom of the box are filled with Color. The pixels that are shifted out of the box are lost. SCROLLUP enforces X2 X1 and Y2Y1. When placed within a loop, SCROLLUP will create a scrolling effect. SEE ALSO SCROLLDN, SCROLLLT, SCROLLRT EXAMPLE REM SCROLL SOME TEXT UP REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 10, 0, 0, 100, 100 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "TEXT TEXT", 20, 43 FOR I = 0 TO 40 SCROLLUP 1, 1, 99, 99, 1, 0 SDELAY 2 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 128 SDELAY PROTOTYPE SUB SDELAY (Count%) INPUT Count - number of vertical syncs to wait OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SDELAY pauses execution of the program for a period of time specified by Count. This delay remains approximately constant on all machines by using the vertical sync timer of the VGA graphics card which is about 60 - 70 Hz. EXAMPLE REM MAKE A DELAY ABOUT 3 SECONDS LONG REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS PRINT "OK...STARTING DELAY NOW..." PRINT "SHOULD BE ABOUT 3 SECONDS..." PRINT TIM! = TIMER SDELAY 195 TOT! = TIMER - TIM! PRINT "ACTUAL TIME WAS:"; TOT! WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 129 SETCARD PROTOTYPE SUB SETCARD (Chip%, Mem%) INPUT Chip - code for certain SVGA chip type Mem - amount of video memory installed OUTPUT no value returned USAGE WARNING: USING SETCARD IMPROPERLY MAY CAUSE A SYSTEM FAILURE OR DAMAGE. SETCARD sets the card type and installed video memory. It can be used instead of the WHICHVGA function. However, specifying an incorrect chip type or installed video memory may cause unpredictable results not excluding damage to the SVGA card and/or monitor. Extreme caution is advised when using this function. It is recommended that this function only be used when it is suspected that the identification process in WHICHVGA failed. Be absolutely certain that the chip type specified is the actual chip type installed in the computer. Mem should be a value of 256, 512 or 1024 representing the kilobytes of video memory installed. Use the following table to identify chip types: 1 Acumos AVGA2/3 SuperVGA 2 ATI Technologies 18/28/38/68800 SuperVGA 3 Ahead V5000 ver A SuperVGA 4 Ahead V5000 ver B SuperVGA 5 Chips and Technologies 82C45x SuperVGA 6 Cirrus Logic CL-GD 5xx, 6xx, 28xx, 54xx, 62xx SuperVGA 7 Everex Micro Enhancer Ev236/6xx SuperVGA 8 Genoa 61/62/63/64/6600 SuperVGA 9 NCR 77C21/22/22E/22E+ SuperVGA 10 Oak Technologies OTI-037C/067/077/087 SuperVGA 11 Paradise/Western Digital PVGA1A, WD90C00/1x/2x/3x SuperVGA 12 Realtek RT3106 SuperVGA 13 Trident 8800CS, 8900B/C/CL/CX, 90x0 SuperVGA 14 Tseng Labs ET3000-AX/BX/BP SuperVGA 15 Tseng Labs ET4000/W32/W32I SuperVGA 16 VESA compatible SuperVGA 130 17 Video 7 HT-208/16 SuperVGA 18 Avance Logic AL2101 SuperVGA 19 MXIC MX68000/10 SuperVGA 20 Primus P2000 SuperVGA SEE ALSO WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM !WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNI NG! REM USE THIS FUNCTION CAREFULLY. IT WORKS AROUND THE "WHICHVGA FUNCTION" REM IMPROPER USE (I.E. SETTING THE CARD ID AND MEMORY TO SOMETHING THAT REM THAT IS NOT VALID) MIGHT DAMAGE YOUR VIDEO CARD/VIDEO MONITOR OR REM CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE RESULTS. IT IS PROVIDED AS A METHOD TO FIND REM FAULTS IN THE VIDEO CARD/CHIP ID PROCESS. REM !WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNING!WARNI NG! END 131 SETVIEW PROTOTYPE SUB SETVIEW (X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%) INPUT X1, Y1 - top, left corner of view port X2, Y2 - bottom, right corner of view port OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SETVIEW defines a viewport for clipping output on the screen. Nothing can be drawn outside of the currently defined viewport. The RES### functions set the viewport to the full screen. The restrictions on X1, Y1, X2 and Y2 are as follows: 0 X1 < X2 (screen width) 0 Y1 < Y2 (32767, effectively unbounded) SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280 EXAMPLE REM DRAW SOME LINES CLIPPED TO A VIEWPORT REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWBOX 1, 15, 100, 100, 539, 379 SETVIEW 101, 101, 538, 378 FOR I = 0 TO 300 X1 = RND * 640 Y1 = RND * 480 X2 = RND * 640 Y2 = RND * 480 DRWLINE 1, 10, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 NEXT I WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 132 SPRITECOLLDETECT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION SPRITECOLLDETECT% (TransColor%, X1%, Y1%, X2%, Y2%, GfxBlk1%, GfxBlk2%) INPUT TransColor - index to color in current palette X1, Y1 - top, left corner of sprite number 1 X2, Y2 - top, left corner of sprite number 2 GfxBlk1 - predefined integer array containing the sprite number 1 GfxBlk2 - predefined integer array containing the sprite number 2 OUTPUT SPRITECOLLDETECT returns the collision status of the two sprites. USAGE SPRITECOLLDETECT is used in sprite graphics or animation to report the collision status between two sprites. GfxBlk1, a short integer array, contains the first sprite which should have been previously defined by BLKGET or similar function. GfxBlk2, likewise, contains the second sprite. The top, left corner of the first and second sprites' locations are specified by X1, Y1 and X2, Y2, respectively. SPRITECOLLDETECT will return a zero if the sprites are not colliding and the blocks are not overlapping. The return will be one if the blocks overlap, but the sprites are not colliding. A return value of two indicates that the sprites have at least one overlapping pixel and are, therefore, colliding. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITEGAP, SPRITEGET, SPRITEPUT EXAMPLE REM SHOW THE RESULTS OF THE SPRITE COLLISION DETECTION FUNCTION REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' 133 DEFINT A-Z DIM D1(0 TO 4000) AS INTEGER DIM D2(0 TO 4000) AS INTEGER IF WHICHVGA < 0 THEN STOP ORGMODE = VIDEOMODEGET DUMMY=RES320 X1 = 0 Y1 = 0 X2 = 24 Y2 = 24 DRWLINE 1, 8, X1, Y1, X2, Y1 DRWLINE 1, 8, X2, Y1, X2, Y2 DRWLINE 1, 8, X2, Y2, X1, Y2 DRWLINE 1, 8, X1, Y2, X1, Y1 FILLAREA X1 + 1, Y1 + 1, 8, 8 DRWLINE 1, 10, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 DRWLINE 1, 10, X2, Y1, X1, Y2 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, D1(0) BLKPUT 2, X1, Y1, D1(0) X1 = 0 Y1 = 0 X2 = 48 Y2 = 48 DRWLINE 1, 8, X1, Y1, X2, Y1 DRWLINE 1, 8, X2, Y1, X2, Y2 DRWLINE 1, 8, X2, Y2, X1, Y2 DRWLINE 1, 8, X1, Y2, X1, Y1 FILLAREA X1 + 1, Y1 + 1, 8, 8 DRWCIRCLE 1, 10, X1 + 24, Y1 + 24, 24 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, D2(0) BLKPUT 2, X1, Y1, D2(0) X1 = 90 Y1 = 90 BLKPUT 2, X1, Y1, D2(0) FOR X = 50 TO 150 BLKPUT 2, X, X, D1(0) A = SPRITECOLLDETECT(8, X, X, X1, Y1, D1(0), D2(0)) A$ = STR$(A) IF LEN(A$) < 5 THEN A$ = A$ + " " DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, A$, 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND BLKPUT 2, X, X, D1(0) NEXT X VIDEOMODESET ORGMODE END 134 SPRITEGAP PROTOTYPE SUB SPRITEGAP (TransColor%, X%, Y%, GfxBlk%, BkGndGfxBlk%) INPUT TransColor - index to color in current palette X, Y - top, left corner of block GfxBlk - predefined integer array containing the sprite OUTPUT no value returned BkGndGfxBlk - integer array holding the sprite background USAGE SPRITEGAP ("Sprite-Get-And-Put") is used in sprite graphics or animation to retrieve a sprite's background and then display the sprite. GfxBlk, a short integer array, contains the sprite which should have been previously defined by BLKGET or similar function such as GETLASTSTRING. TransColor is the transparent color assumed in GfxBlk. BkGndGfxBlk, an empty short integer array the same size as GfxBlk, will receive the sprite's background. The top, left corner of the sprite's location is specified by X, Y. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITECOLLDETECT, SPRITEGET, SPRITEPUT EXAMPLE REM SHOW SPRITEGAP REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM GFXBLK1(10000) DIM GFXBLK2(10000) DIM GFXBLK3(10000) IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF RES640 <> 1 THEN VIDEOMODESET VMODE END END IF 135 Colr = 1 FOR I = 0 TO GETMAXX \ 2 DRWCIRCLE 1, Colr, GETMAXX \ 4 + I, GETMAXY \ 2, GETMAXY \ 5 Colr = Colr + 1 IF Colr > 15 THEN Colr = 1 END IF NEXT I XINC = GETMAXX \ 20 YINC = GETMAXY \ 20 X1 = GETMAXX \ 2 - XINC Y1 = GETMAXY \ 2 - YINC X2 = GETMAXX \ 2 + XINC Y2 = GETMAXY \ 2 + YINC X = (X2 - X1) \ 2 + X1 Y = (Y2 - Y1) \ 2 + Y1 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, GFXBLK1(0) DRWBOX 1, 0, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 FILLAREA X1 + 2, Y1 + 2, 0, 0 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, GFXBLK3(0) FOR I = 0 TO 360 STEP 3 DUMMY = BLKROTATE(I, 1, GFXBLK1(0), GFXBLK2(0)) SPRITEPUT 1, 1, X - GFXBLK3(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK3(1) \ 2, GFXBLK3(0) SPRITEGAP 1, X - GFXBLK2(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK2(1) \ 2, GFXBLK2(0), GFXBLK3(0) SDELAY 3 NEXT I SPRITEPUT 1, 1, X - GFXBLK3(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK3(1) \ 2, GFXBLK3(0) BLKPUT 1, X1, Y1, GFXBLK1(0) VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 136 SPRITEGET PROTOTYPE SUB SPRITEGET (TransColor%, X%, Y%, GfxBlk%, BkGndGfxBlk%) INPUT TransColor - index to color in current palette X, Y - top, left corner of block GfxBlk - predefined integer array containing the sprite OUTPUT no value returned BkGndGfxBlk - integer array holding the sprite background USAGE SPRITEGET is used in sprite graphics or animation to retrieve the background for a sprite, normally just before using SPRITEPUT. GfxBlk, a short integer array, contains the sprite which should have been previously defined by BLKGET or similar function. TransColor is the transparent color assumed in GfxBlk. BkGndGfxBlk, an empty short integer array of the same size as GfxBlk, will receive the sprite's background. The top, left corner of the sprite's location is specified by X, Y. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITECOLLDETECT, SPRITEGAP, SPRITEPUT EXAMPLE REM SHOW SPRITEGET REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z DIM GFXBLK1(10000) DIM GFXBLK2(10000) DIM GFXBLK3(10000) IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF RES640 <> 1 THEN VIDEOMODESET VMODE END END IF 137 Colr = 1 FOR I = 0 TO GETMAXX \ 2 DRWCIRCLE 1, Colr, GETMAXX \ 4 + I, GETMAXY \ 2, GETMAXY \ 5 Colr = Colr + 1 IF Colr > 15 THEN Colr = 1 END IF NEXT I XINC = GETMAXX \ 20 YINC = GETMAXY \ 20 X1 = GETMAXX \ 2 - XINC Y1 = GETMAXY \ 2 - YINC X2 = GETMAXX \ 2 + XINC Y2 = GETMAXY \ 2 + YINC X = (X2 - X1) \ 2 + X1 Y = (Y2 - Y1) \ 2 + Y1 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, GFXBLK1(0) DRWBOX 1, 0, X1, Y1, X2, Y2 FILLAREA X1 + 2, Y1 + 2, 0, 0 BLKGET X1, Y1, X2, Y2, GFXBLK3(0) FOR I = 0 TO 360 STEP 3 DUMMY = BLKROTATE(I, 1, GFXBLK1(0), GFXBLK2(0)) SPRITEPUT 1, 1, X - GFXBLK3(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK3(1) \ 2, GFXBLK3(0) SPRITEGET 1, X - GFXBLK2(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK2(1) \ 2, GFXBLK2(0), GFXBLK3(0) SPRITEPUT 1, 1, X - GFXBLK2(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK2(1) \ 2, GFXBLK2(0) SDELAY 3 NEXT I SPRITEPUT 1, 1, X - GFXBLK3(0) \ 2, Y - GFXBLK3(1) \ 2, GFXBLK3(0) BLKPUT 1, X1, Y1, GFXBLK1(0) VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 138 SPRITEPUT PROTOTYPE SUB SPRITEPUT (Mode%, TransColor%, X%, Y%, GfxBlk%) INPUT Mode - pixel write mode (SET=1, XOR=2, OR=3, AND=4) TransColor - index to color in current palette X, Y - top, left corner of block GfxBlk - predefined integer array containing the sprite OUTPUT no value returned USAGE SPRITEPUT is used in sprite graphics or animation to display a sprite or, more commonly, its background. GfxBlk, a short integer array, contains the sprite which should have been previously defined by BLKGET, SPRITEGAP or SPRITEGET. TransColor is the transparent color assumed in GfxBlk. The top, left corner of the sprite's location is specified by X, Y. Arrays should be passed by giving the element within the array from where the action should take place. This allows the programmer to store more than one item within the same array or act on only a portion of the array. SEE ALSO BLKGET, BLKPUT, GETLASTSTRING, SPRITECOLLDETECT, SPRITEGAP, SPRITEGET EXAMPLE See SPRITEGAP 139 VIDEOMODEGET PROTOTYPE FUNCTION VIDEOMODEGET% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT VIDEOMODEGET returns the current video mode. USAGE VIDEOMODEGET returns the current video mode. This function is best used to retrieve the video mode being used when a program begins. When the program ends, this video mode can then be restored using VIDEOMODESET. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, RESTEXT, VIDEOMODESET EXAMPLE REM SAVE THE VIDEO MODE,SWITCH TO 640X480X256, RESTORE THE ORIGINAL MODE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z VMODE = VIDEOMODEGET IF WHICHVGA = 0 THEN STOP IF WHICHMEM < 512 THEN STOP DUMMY=RES640 DRWSTRING 1, 7, 0, "PRESS A KEY...", 0, 0 WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOMODESET VMODE END 140 VIDEOMODESET PROTOTYPE SUB VIDEOMODESET (Mode%) INPUT Mode - number of video mode OUTPUT no value returned USAGE VIDEOMODESET sets the video mode specified by Mode. This function is best used at the end of a program to restore the video mode to the mode in use when the program began. The program should retrieve the video mode at the beginning by using VIDEOMODEGET. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, RESTEXT, VIDEOMODEGET EXAMPLE See VIDEOMODEGET 141 VIDEOOFF PROTOTYPE SUB VIDEOOFF () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE VIDEOOFF turns the output display off. Graphics may still be drawn to the screen. However, the computer's monitor will display nothing and appear black. This function can be used to hide graphics being drawn by initially using VIDEOOFF and then later calling VIDEOON. SEE ALSO VIDEOON EXAMPLE REM DISABLE THE VIDEO FOR ABOUT 3 SEC REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS PRINT "PRESS A KEY TO DISABLE THE VIDEO DISPLAY FOR 3 SECONDS" WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND VIDEOOFF SDELAY 195 VIDEOON PRINT "OK...WE ARE BACK!" WHILE INKEY$ = "" WEND END 142 VIDEOON PROTOTYPE SUB VIDEOON () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT no value returned USAGE VIDEOON turns the display back on. All graphics that were drawn while the display was off are now visible. This function can be used to hide graphics being drawn by initially using VIDEOOFF and then later calling VIDEOON. SEE ALSO VIDEOOFF EXAMPLE See VIDEOOFF 143 WHICHCPU PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHCPU% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHCPU returns the processor type. USAGE WHICHCPU returns the computer's processor type as 86, 286, 386 or 486. This function should be called by any program using this library's routines to insure that the computer is at least 386 compatible or better. SEE ALSO WHICHJOYSTICK, WHICHMOUSE, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM FIND OUT WHAT KIND OF MICROPROCESSOR WE HAVE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS CPU = WHICHCPU CPU$ = STR$(CPU) L = LEN(CPU$) CPU$ = RIGHT$(CPU$, L - 1) PRINT "Microprocessor is identified as a 80"; CPU$; "." END 144 WHICHJOYSTICK PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHJOYSTICK% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHJOYSTICK returns the available joystick support. USAGE WHICHJOYSTICK returns the joystick support available on the computer. This function should be called prior to use of the joysticks to verify that joysticks are available. If the function returns a -1, there is no joystick port present or no BIOS support for a joystick. Joystick A is bit 1 and B is bit 2. Therefore, a return value of 1 means joystick A is available, a value of 2 means B is available and a value of 3 means both are available. If no bits are set, there are no joysticks present. SEE ALSO JOYSTICKINFO, WHICHCPU, WHICHMOUSE, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM FIND OUT IF WE HAVE ANY JOYSTICKS AVAILABLE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS JOYSTICK = WHICHJOYSTICK SELECT CASE JOYSTICK CASE IS = -1 A$ = "No joystick port detected or no joystick BIOS support present." CASE IS = 0 A$ = "No joystick detected." CASE IS = 1 A$ = "Joystick A is present and available." CASE IS = 2 A$ = "Joystick B is present and available." CASE IS = 3 A$ = "Both Joystick A and Joystick B are present and available." END SELECT PRINT A$ END 145 WHICHMEM PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHMEM% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHMEM returns the installed video memory in kilobytes. USAGE WHICHMEM returns the amount of installed video memory as previously determined by WHICHVGA. WHICHVGA should be called prior to WHICHMEM. This function should be called prior to any of the RES### functions to verify that there is enough memory to support the resolution. If SETCARD was used to set the video card and memory, WHICHMEM will return the amount of memory as defined by SETCARD. SEE ALSO RES320, RES640, RES640L, RES800, RES1024, RES1280, SETCARD, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM FIND OUT HOW MUCH VIDEO MEMORY WE HAVE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS DUMMY = WHICHVGA PRINT "INSTALLED VIDEO MEMORY IS IDENTIFIED AS"; WHICHMEM; "k BYTES" END 146 WHICHMOUSE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHMOUSE% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHMOUSE returns the number of buttons on mouse. USAGE WHICHMOUSE returns a value indicating whether a Microsoft compatible mouse is available. If the function returns 0, no mouse is available. A non zero value indicates a mouse and Microsoft compatible driver are installed and gives the number of buttons available. SEE ALSO MOUSEINFO, WHICHCPU, WHICHJOYSTICK, WHICHVGA EXAMPLE REM FIND OUT WHAT KIND OF MOUSE WE HAVE REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z CLS MOUSE = WHICHMOUSE IF MOUSE > 0 THEN MOUSEINFO MJV, MNV, TP, I VER$ = STR$(MNV) L = LEN(VER$) VER$ = STR$(MJV) + "." + RIGHT$(VER$, L - 1) VER$ = "Software driver version is" + VER$ VER$ = VER$ + " (Microsoft equivalent version)." A$ = "Microsoft compatible mouse detected with" A$ = A$ + STR$(MOUSE) + " buttons on IRQ" + STR$(I) + "." PRINT A$ PRINT VER$ ELSE PRINT "No Microsoft compatible mouse detected." END IF END 147 WHICHVGA PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHVGA% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHVGA returns a code identifying the video card. USAGE WHICHVGA identifies the video card installed and the amount of video memory. In addition this function sets up the default font and mouse cursor. This function must be called before any other graphics function. The code returned identifies the video card according to the following table: 1 Acumos AVGA2/3 SuperVGA 2 ATI Technologies 18/28/38/68800 SuperVGA 3 Ahead V5000 ver A SuperVGA 4 Ahead V5000 ver B SuperVGA 5 Chips and Technologies 82C45x SuperVGA 6 Cirrus Logic CL-GD 5xx, 6xx, 28xx, 54xx, 62xx SuperVGA 7 Everex Micro Enhancer Ev236/6xx SuperVGA 8 Genoa 61/62/63/64/6600 SuperVGA 9 NCR 77C21/22/22E/22E+ SuperVGA 10 Oak Technologies OTI-037C/067/077/087 SuperVGA 11 Paradise/Western Digital PVGA1A, WD90C00/1x/2x/3x SuperVGA 12 Realtek RT3106 SuperVGA 13 Trident 8800CS, 8900B/C/CL/CX, 90x0 SuperVGA 14 Tseng Labs ET3000-AX/BX/BP SuperVGA 15 Tseng Labs ET4000/W32/W32I SuperVGA 16 VESA compatible SuperVGA 17 Video 7 HT-208/16 SuperVGA 18 Avance Logic AL2101 SuperVGA 19 MXIC MX68000/10 SuperVGA 20 Primus P2000 SuperVGA Any value returned not found on this table represents an unidentified video card. No graphics functions should be called unless the video card is properly identified. 148 SEE ALSO SETCARD, WHICHCPU, WHICHJOYSTICK, WHICHMOUSE, WHICHMEM EXAMPLE REM FIND OUT WHAT KIND OF VIDEO CARD WE HAVE DEFINT A-Z CLS VGA = WHICHVGA SELECT CASE VGA CASE IS = 1 VGA$ = "Acumos AVGA2/3 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 2 VGA$ = "ATI Technologies 18/28/38/68800 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 3 VGA$ = "Ahead V5000 ver A SuperVGA" CASE IS = 4 VGA$ = "Ahead V5000 ver B SuperVGA" CASE IS = 5 VGA$ = "Chips and Technologies 82C450/1/2/3/5/6/7 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 6 VGA$ = "Cirrus Logic CL-GD 5xx,6xx,28xx,54xx,62xx SuperVGA" CASE IS = 7 VGA$ = "Everex Ev236/6xx Micro Enhancer SuperVGA" CASE IS = 8 VGA$ = "Genoa 61/62/63/64/6600 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 9 VGA$ = "NCR 77C21/22/22E/22E+ SuperVGA" CASE IS = 10 VGA$ = "Oak Technologies OTI-037C/067/077/087 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 11 VGA$ = "Paradise/Western Digital PVGA1A,WD90C00/1x/2x/3x SuperVGA" CASE IS = 12 VGA$ = "Realtek RT3106 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 13 VGA$ = "Trident 8800CS,8900B/C/CL/CX,90x0 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 14 VGA$ = "Tseng Labs ET3000-AX/BX/BP SuperVGA" CASE IS = 15 VGA$ = "Tseng Labs ET4000/W32/W32I SuperVGA" CASE IS = 16 VGA$ = "VESA compatible SuperVGA" CASE IS = 17 VGA$ = "Video 7 HT-208/16 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 18 VGA$ = "Avance Logic AL2101 SuperVGA" CASE IS = 19 VGA$ = "MXIC MX68000/10 SuperVGA" 149 CASE IS = 20 VGA$ = "Primus P2000 SuperVGA" CASE ELSE VGA$ = "Unknown" VGA = 0 END SELECT PRINT "Video card/chip is identified as a "; VGA$; "." END 150 WHICHXMS PROTOTYPE FUNCTION WHICHXMS% (XmsKBytesAvailable%, XmsHandlesAvailable%) INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT WHICHXMS returns a 1 if extended memory support is detected, 0 otherwise. XmsKBytesAvailable - number of free kilobytes in extended memory XmsHandlesAvailable - number of available free handles USAGE WHICHXMS detects the existence of extended memory support and sets up the library function calls. This function must be called before any other extended memory functions. WHICHXMS also returns the number of free kilobytes of extended memory and the number of available handles. The number of available handles is limited, normally to 32. This limit can be modified by changing the extended memory driver (Microsoft's HIMEM.SYS is the most common) command line in the CONFIG.SYS file. SEE ALSO XMSALLOCATE, XMSCOPY, XMSERROR, XMSFREE, XMSGET, XMSPUT EXAMPLE REM THIS WILL SHOW IF XMS MEMORY IS AVAILABLE AND HOW MUCH REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z IF WHICHXMS(MEM, HANDLES) = 1 THEN PRINT "AN XMS MEMORY MANAGER IS INSTALLED (SUCH AS 'HIMEM.SYS')" IF MEM > 0 THEN TOTMEM& = 1024 TOTMEM& = TOTMEM& * MEM PRINT "A TOTAL OF"; TOTMEM&; "BYTES ARE AVAILABLE" IF HANDLES > 0 THEN PRINT "A TOTAL OF"; HANDLES; "HANDLES(S) ARE AVAILABLE" PRINT "XMS MEMORY IS READY FOR USE" ELSE PRINT "SORRY...ALL XMS HANDLES ARE BEING USED" PRINT "CHANGE (OR ADD) THE '/numhandles' SWITCH ON YOUR XMS MEMORY MANAGER" END IF 151 ELSE PRINT "SORRY...ALL XMS MEMORY IS ALLOCATED" END IF ELSE PRINT "SORRY...NO ACTIVE XMS MEMORY MANAGER FOUND" PRINT "MAKE SURE YOU HAVE AN XMS MEMORY MANAGER (SUCH AS 'HIMEM.SYS' INSTALLED)" END IF END 152 XMSALLOCATE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSALLOCATE% (RequestedKBytes%) INPUT RequestedKBytes - requested number of kilobytes of extended memory OUTPUT XMSALLOCATE returns the assigned memory handle if the allocation is successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE XMSALLOCATE attempts to allocate the requested number of kilobytes in extended memory. If successful, the function returns the handle of the new memory block. If the function returns zero, then the allocation was unsuccessful; check XMSERROR for error codes. All allocated blocks must be freed using XMSFREE before a program terminates or the memory is lost until the machine is rebooted. Simply exiting a program will not free allocated extended memory blocks. SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSCOPY, XMSERROR, XMSFREE, XMSGET, XMSPUT EXAMPLE See XMSCOPY 153 XMSCOPY PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSCOPY% (SrcXmsHandle%, SrcOffset&, DestXmsHandle%, DestOffset&, NumBytes&) INPUT SrcXmsHandle - handle of source extended memory block SrcOffset - number of bytes from beginning of source memory block DestXmsHandle - handle of destination extended memory block DestOffset - number of bytes from beginning of destination memory block NumBytes - number of bytes to copy from source to destination (must be even) OUTPUT XMSCOPY returns a 1 if copy was successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE XMSCOPY copies the number of bytes specified in NumBytes from the source extended memory block to the destination extended memory block. NumBytes must be an even number. The copy may begin and/or end offset from the beginning of the source and destination blocks by passing non zero values in SrcOffset and/or DestOffset. The copy will occur faster if both offsets are divisible by four. If the copy was unsuccessful, check XMSERROR for error codes. SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSALLOCATE, XMSERROR, XMSFREE, XMSGET, XMSPUT EXAMPLE REM THIS WILL COPY ONE ARRAY INTO ONE XMS BLOCK AND THEN COPY IT REM TO A DIFFERENT XMS BLOCK, AND THEN COPY THAT BACK INTO ANOTHER ARRAY REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' DEFINT A-Z REM *DIMENSION OUR SOURCE AND DESTINATION ARRAYS* DIM TEST1(0 TO 9) AS INTEGER DIM TEST2(0 TO 9) AS INTEGER CLS REM *MAKE SURE XMS IS READY AND AVAILBLE* IF WHICHXMS(MEM, HANDLES) = 1 THEN IF MEM < 1 OR HANDLES < 1 THEN 154 PRINT "SORRY...THERE IS EITHER NO FREE XMS MEMORY OR NO FREE XMS HANDLES" END END IF ELSE PRINT "SORRY...NO ACTIVE XMS MEMORY MANAGER FOUND" PRINT "MAKE SURE YOU HAVE A XMS MEMORY MANAGER (SUCH AS 'HIMEM.SYS' INSTALLED)" END END IF REM *PUT SOME DATA INTO THE SOURCE ARRAY* FOR I = 0 TO 9 TEST1(I) = I * 10 NEXT I REM *ALLOCATE THE FIRST XMS MEMORY BLOCK* OurHandle1 = XMSALLOCATE(1) IF OurHandle1 = 0 THEN PRINT "OPPS..THERE IS SOME ERROR...UNABLE TO ALLOCATE XMS" PRINT "ERROR #"; XMSERROR ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) END END IF REM *ALLOCATE THE SECOND XMS MEMORY BLOCK* OurHandle2 = XMSALLOCATE(1) IF OurHandle2 = 0 THEN PRINT "OPPS..THERE IS SOME ERROR...UNABLE TO ALLOCATE XMS" PRINT "ERROR #"; XMSERROR ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle2) END END IF REM *COPY OUR SOURCE ARRAY INTO OUR FIRST XMS BLOCK* I = XMSPUT(TEST1(0), OurHandle1, 0, 20) IF I = 0 THEN PRINT "OPPS..THERE IS SOME ERROR...SEE THE ERROR CODE LIST..." PRINT "ERROR #"; XMSERROR ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle2) END END IF REM *COPY THE FIRST XMS BLOCK TO THE SECOND XMS BLOCK* IF XMSCOPY(OurHandle1, 0, OurHandle2, 0, 20) = 0 THEN PRINT "OPPS..THERE IS SOME ERROR...SEE THE ERROR CODE LIST..." PRINT "ERROR #"; XMSERROR ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle2) END 155 END IF REM *COPY DATA FROM THE SECOND XMS BLOCK TO OUR DESTINATION ARRAY* IF XMSGET(OurHandle2, 0, TEST2(0), 20) = 0 THEN PRINT "OPPS..THERE IS SOME ERROR...SEE THE ERROR CODE LIST..." PRINT "ERROR #"; ER ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle2) END END IF REM *FREE THE XMS BLOCKS WE HAVE ALLOCATED* ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle1) ER = XMSFREE(OurHandle2) REM *SHOW THE RESULTS* PRINT "OK...WE INITILIZED ONE ARRAY,PUT A COPY OF IT INTO XMS," PRINT "THEN WE COPIED THAT XMS BLOCK TO ANOTHER XMS BLOCK, AND" PRINT "THEN PUT A COPY OF THE SECOND XMS BLOCK INTO A NEW ARRAY;" PRINT "HERE ARE THE RESULTS:" PRINT PRINT "SOURCE ARRAY", , "DESTINATION ARRAY" FOR I = 0 TO 9 PRINT TEST1(I), , TEST2(I) NEXT I END 156 XMSERROR PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSERROR% () INPUT no input parameters OUTPUT XMSERROR returns the error code from the most recent XMS function call. USAGE XMSERROR returns the error code from the most recent XMS function call. Each XMS function resets the error code to zero. Therefore, if there has been an error, the error code should be checked immediately. The error code will be one of the following: 0 no error 1 WHICHXMS has not been called 2 number of bytes to copy is zero 3 number of bytes to copy is odd 4 offset into XMS block is zero 128 Function not implemented 129 VDISK device driver was detected 142 General driver error 143 Unrecoverable driver error 146 DX is less than /HMAMIN= parameter 160 All extended memory is allocated 161 XMM handles are exhausted 162 Handle is invalid 163 Source handle is invalid 164 Source offset is invalid 165 Destination handle is invalid 166 Destination offset is invalid 157 167 Length is invalid 168 Overlap in move request is invalid 169 Parity error detected 171 Block locked SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSALLOCATE, XMSCOPY, XMSFREE, XMSGET, XMSPUT EXAMPLE See XMSCOPY 158 XMSFREE PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSFREE% (XmsHandle%) INPUT XmsHandle - handle of extended memory block to free OUTPUT XMSFREE returns 1 if extended memory block was deallocated, 0 otherwise. USAGE XMSFREE deallocates the specified extended memory block. All allocated blocks must be freed before a program terminates or the memory is lost until the machine is rebooted. Simply exiting a program will not free allocated extended memory blocks. If the function was unsuccessful, check XMSERROR for error codes. SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSALLOCATE, XMSCOPY, XMSERROR, XMSGET, XMSPUT EXAMPLE See XMSCOPY 159 XMSGET PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSGET% (SrcXmsHandle%, SrcOffset&, DestVariable%, NumBytes&) INPUT SrcXmsHandle - handle of source extended memory block SrcOffset - number of bytes from beginning of source memory block NumBytes - number of bytes to copy from extended memory to conventional memory (must be even) OUTPUT XMSGET returns 0 if the copy was successful, an error code otherwise. DestVariable - integer variable or array holding copied data USAGE XMSGET retrieves data from extended memory and places it in conventional memory. The number of bytes copied must be an even number and cannot be larger than 65536. The copy may begin off the beginning of the source extended memory block by specifying a non zero SrcOffset. If the function was unsuccessful, check XMSERROR for error codes. SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSALLOCATE, XMSCOPY, XMSERROR, XMSFREE, XMSPUT EXAMPLE See XMSCOPY 160 XMSPUT PROTOTYPE FUNCTION XMSPUT% (SrcVariable%, DestXmsHandle%, DestOffset&, NumBytes&) INPUT SrcVariable - source variable or array in conventional memory DestXmsHandle - handle of destination extended memory block DestOffset - number of bytes from beginning of destination memory block NumBytes - number of bytes to copy from conventional memory to extended memory (must be even) OUTPUT XMSPUT returns 1 if the copy was successful, 0 otherwise. USAGE XMSPUT copies data from conventional memory to extended memory. The number of bytes copied must be an even number and cannot be larger than 65536. The destination may begin off the beginning of the extended memory block by specifying a non zero DestOffset. If the function was unsuccessful, check XMSERROR for error codes. SEE ALSO WHICHXMS, XMSALLOCATE, XMSCOPY, XMSERROR, XMSFREE, XMSGET EXAMPLE See XMSCOPY 161 APPENDIX A. SVGABC.BI This is the header file containing function declarations and structure definitions for SVGAQB.LIB and SVGAPV.LIB. This file should be included in every program that uses this library. To properly include the header file, place the following line at the top of the every program module: REM $INCLUDE: 'SVGABC.BI' Without these declarations and definitions, the QuickBasic compiler will be unable to compile any program using the commands found in this library. REM SVGAQB,SVGAPV GRAPHICS LIBRARY INCLUDE FILE FOR MS QuickBasic 4.x, REM MS PDS and MS VBDOS REM COPYRIGHT 1993-1994 BY STEPHEN L. BALKUM AND DANIEL A. SILL REM ZEPHYR SOFTWARE P.O. BOX 7704, AUSTIN, TEXAS 78713-7704 REM LAST UPDATE 5/1/94 TYPE P2DType X AS INTEGER Y AS INTEGER END TYPE TYPE P3Dtype X AS INTEGER Y AS INTEGER Z AS INTEGER END TYPE TYPE PROJType EYEX AS INTEGER EYEY AS INTEGER EYEZ AS INTEGER SCRD AS INTEGER THETA AS INTEGER PHI AS INTEGER END TYPE DECLARE SUB BLKGET (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, SEG GfxBlk%) DECLARE SUB BLKPUT (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, SEG GfxBlk%) DECLARE SUB BLKRESIZE (BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, SEG SourceGfxBlk%, SEG DestGfxBlk%) DECLARE FUNCTION BLKROTATE% (BYVAL Ang%, BYVAL BackFill%, SEG SourceGfxBlk%, SEG DestGfxBlk%) DECLARE FUNCTION BLKROTATESIZE& (BYVAL Ang%, SEG SourceGfxBlk%) DECLARE SUB BYTECOPY (SEG SourceArray%, SEG DestArray%, BYVAL NumOfBytes&) 162 DECLARE SUB D2ROTATE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XOrigin%, BYVAL YOrigin%, BYVAL Ang%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB D2SCALE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XSCALE%, BYVAL YSCALE%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB D2TRANSLATE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XTRANS%, BYVAL YTRANS%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE FUNCTION D3PROJECT% (BYVAL Points%, SEG ProjParms%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB D3ROTATE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XOrigin%, BYVAL YOrigin%, BYVAL ZOrigin%, BYVAL ZRAng%, BYVAL YRAng%, BYVAL XRAng%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB D3SCALE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XSCALE%, BYVAL YSCALE%, BYVAL ZScale%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB D3TRANSLATE (BYVAL Points%, BYVAL XTRANS%, BYVAL YTRANS%, BYVAL ZTrans%, SEG InAry%, SEG OutAry%) DECLARE SUB DRWBOX (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%) DECLARE SUB DRWCIRCLE (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL CenterX%, BYVAL CenterY%, BYVAL Radius%) DECLARE SUB DRWELLIPSE (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL CenterX%, BYVAL CenterY%, BYVAL Radiusx%, BYVAL Radiusy%) DECLARE SUB DRWFILLBOX (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%) DECLARE SUB DRWFILLCIRCLE (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL CenterX%, BYVAL CenterY%, BYVAL Radius%) DECLARE SUB DRWFILLELLIPSE (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL CenterX%, BYVAL CenterY%, BYVAL Radiusx%, BYVAL Radiusy%) DECLARE SUB DRWLINE (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%) DECLARE SUB DRWPOINT (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE SUB DRWSTRING (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL FColr%, BYVAL BColr%, Strng$, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE SUB DRWSTRINGDN (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL FColr%, BYVAL BColr%, Strng$, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE SUB DRWSTRINGLT (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL FColr%, BYVAL BColr%, Strng$, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE SUB DRWSTRINGRT (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL FColr%, BYVAL BColr%, Strng$, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE SUB FILLAREA (BYVAL Xseed%, BYVAL Yseed%, BYVAL BorderColr%, BYVAL FillColr%) DECLARE SUB FILLCOLOR (BYVAL Xseed%, BYVAL Yseed%, BYVAL OldColr%, BYVAL NewColr%) DECLARE SUB FILLCONVEXPOLY (BYVAL Colr%, BYVAL Points%, SEG InAry%) DECLARE SUB FILLSCREEN (BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB FILLPAGE (BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB FILLVIEW (BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB FONTGETINFO (SEG WDTH%, SEG HGHT%) DECLARE SUB FONTSET (FONT$) DECLARE SUB FONTSYSTEM () DECLARE FUNCTION GETARCCOS% (BYVAL Value&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETARCSIN% (BYVAL Value&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETARCTAN% (BYVAL Value&) 163 DECLARE FUNCTION GETCOS& (BYVAL Ang&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETSIN& (BYVAL Ang&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETTAN& (BYVAL Ang&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETSQRT& (BYVAL Number&) DECLARE FUNCTION GETMAXX% () DECLARE FUNCTION GETMAXY% () DECLARE SUB GETLASTSTRING (SEG StrngGfxBlk%) DECLARE FUNCTION GETPOINT% (BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%) DECLARE FUNCTION GIFMAKE% (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, FileName$) DECLARE FUNCTION GIFGETINFO% (FileName$, SEG GifXSize%, SEG GifYSize%, SEG NumColors%, Pal$) DECLARE FUNCTION GIFPUT% (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL Xloc%, BYVAL Yloc%, Name$) DECLARE SUB JOYSTICKINFO (SEG JAX%, SEG JAY%, SEG JAButs%, SEG JBX%, SEG JBY%, SEG JBButs%) DECLARE SUB MOUSEBUTPRESS (BYVAL ReqBut%, SEG Xloc%, SEG Yloc%, SEG Num%, SEG MButs%) DECLARE SUB MOUSEBUTRELEASE (BYVAL ReqBut%, SEG Xloc%, SEG Yloc%, SEG Num%, SEG MButs%) DECLARE SUB MOUSECURSORDEFAULT () DECLARE SUB MOUSECURSORSET (MouseCursor$) DECLARE SUB MOUSEENTER () DECLARE SUB MOUSEEXIT () DECLARE SUB MOUSEHIDE () DECLARE SUB MOUSEINFO (SEG DrvMajorVer%, SEG DrvMinorVer%, SEG MouseType%, SEG IRQnumber%) DECLARE SUB MOUSELOCSET (BYVAL Xloc%, BYVAL Yloc%) DECLARE SUB MOUSERANGESET (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%) DECLARE SUB MOUSERESTORESTATE (SEG MouseBuf%) DECLARE SUB MOUSESAVESTATE (SEG MouseBuf%) DECLARE SUB MOUSESENSSET (BYVAL Xsens%, BYVAL Ysens%) DECLARE SUB MOUSESHOW () DECLARE SUB MOUSESTATUS (SEG X%, SEG Y%, SEG MButs%) DECLARE FUNCTION MOUSESTORAGESIZE% () DECLARE SUB OVERSCANSET (BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE FUNCTION PAGEDISPLAY% (BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, BYVAL Page%) DECLARE FUNCTION PAGEACTIVE% (BYVAL Page%) DECLARE SUB PALCHGAUTO (PalString$, NewPalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%, BYVAL Speed%) DECLARE SUB PALCHGSTEP (PalString$, NewPalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%, BYVAL Percent%) DECLARE SUB PALCOPY (SourcePalString$, DestPalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%) DECLARE SUB PALDIMSTEP (PalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%, BYVAL Percent%) DECLARE SUB PALGET (PalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%) DECLARE SUB PALIOAUTO (PalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%, BYVAL Speed%) DECLARE SUB PALROTATE (PalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%, BYVAL Shift%) 164 DECLARE SUB PALSET (PalString$, BYVAL FirstColr%, BYVAL LastColr%) DECLARE FUNCTION RES320% () DECLARE FUNCTION RES640L% () DECLARE FUNCTION RES640% () DECLARE FUNCTION RES800% () DECLARE FUNCTION RES1024% () DECLARE FUNCTION RES1280% () DECLARE FUNCTION RESTEXT% () DECLARE SUB SCROLLDN (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, BYVAL Num%, BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB SCROLLLT (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, BYVAL Num%, BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB SCROLLRT (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, BYVAL Num%, BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB SCROLLUP (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%, BYVAL Num%, BYVAL Colr%) DECLARE SUB SDELAY (BYVAL Count%) DECLARE SUB SETCARD (BYVAL CHIP%, BYVAL MEM%) DECLARE SUB SETVIEW (BYVAL X1%, BYVAL Y1%, BYVAL X2%, BYVAL Y2%) DECLARE SUB SPRITEGAP (BYVAL TransColr%, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, SEG SpriteGfxBlk%, SEG BkgndGfxBlk%) DECLARE SUB SPRITEGET (BYVAL TransColr%, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, SEG SpriteGfxBlk%, SEG BkgndGfxBlk%) DECLARE SUB SPRITEPUT (BYVAL Mode%, BYVAL TransColr%, BYVAL X%, BYVAL Y%, SEG SpriteGfxBlk%) DECLARE FUNCTION SPRITECOLLDETECT% (BYVAL TransColr%, BYVAL Sprite1LocX%, BYVAL Sprite1LocY%, BYVAL Sprite2LocX%, BYVAL Sprite2LocY%, SEG Sprite1GfxBlk%, SEG Sprite2GfxBlk%) DECLARE FUNCTION VIDEOMODEGET% () DECLARE SUB VIDEOMODESET (BYVAL Mode%) DECLARE SUB VIDEOOFF () DECLARE SUB VIDEOON () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHCPU% () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHJOYSTICK% () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHMEM% () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHMOUSE% () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHVGA% () DECLARE FUNCTION WHICHXMS% (SEG XmsKbytesAvailable%, SEG XmsHandlesAvailable%) DECLARE FUNCTION XMSALLOCATE% (BYVAL ReqKbytesOfMem%) DECLARE FUNCTION XMSERROR% () DECLARE FUNCTION XMSFREE% (BYVAL XmsHandle%) DECLARE FUNCTION XMSGET% (BYVAL XmsHandle%, BYVAL OffsetIntoXms&, SEG DestVar%, BYVAL NumOfBytes&) DECLARE FUNCTION XMSPUT% (SEG SourceVar%, BYVAL XmsHandle%, BYVAL OffsetIntoXms&, BYVAL NumOfBytes&) DECLARE FUNCTION XMSCOPY% (BYVAL XmsHandle1%, BYVAL OffsetIntoXms1&, BYVAL XmsHandle2%, BYVAL OffsetIntoXms2&, BYVAL NumOfBytes&) REM $DYNAMIC 165 APPENDIX B. JOYSTICK PORTS AND Y-CABLES SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM FOR A STANDARD JOYSTICK PORT DB15 male connector Joystick B ___ Joystick A __/ | / o | 1 -------------------+ +------------------ 9 | o | ___Button A | | Button A___ | o | 2 --o o-+ | | +-o o-- 10 | o | | X Axis | | X Axis | | o | 3 -------------+ | | +------------ 11 | o | | | | | | | | o | 4 ------+ | | +--/\/\/\ +------ 12 | o | | /\/\/\--+ | | | o | 5 | | | +------------ 13 | o | | | | | | ___ | o | 6 -------------+ | | | +-o o-- 14 | o | ___ | | | | | Button B | o | 7 --o o-+ | | | | 15 | o | Button B /\/\/\--+ +--/\/\/\ \__ o | 8 Y Axis Y Axis \___| Notes: 1)This diagram comes with NO warranties expressed or implied. It is provided for information only. In no event shall Stephen L. Balkum, Daniel A. Sill or Zephyr Software be held liable for damages resulting from use, misuse, or inability to use this information. 2)The x and y axis potentiometers have a typical range of 0 to 100k ohms. Buttons are normally open and close when pressed. 3)This diagram is correct for joystick ports that conform to the standard set forth by IBM. Some specialty joystick cards provide separate A and B joystick connectors. For these cards, both connectors are wired to pins 1 through 8 as shown in the diagram. 4)Many 'Super I/O' boards (2H/2F/2S/1P/1G) equipped with a joystick port will support only one joystick. On these cards, pins 9 through 15 are not used. 5)Commercially available joysticks are wired to use pins 1 through 8 and, therefore, will always be 'Joystick A' if plugged directly into a dual joystick port connector. 6)Many sound cards provide joystick ports; however, their connector wiring does not always conform to the standard shown above. Some of these connectors may be used for other 166 purposes such as a MIDI port. See the documentation that comes with the sound card. 7)If there is more than one joystick port on a computer configured to operate the same joystick, only ONE port should be enabled at any given time for proper operation. Disable all but one joystick port. For example, if the computer has both a Super I/O card and a sound card, the joystick port on the Super I/O card should be disabled since the sound card's port probably supports two joysticks and the I/O card supports only one. 167 SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAM FOR A JOYSTICK Y-CABLE ___ DB15 male __/ | connector to / o | 1 --------+ Joystick Port 9 | o | | on computer | o | 2 --------|-+ +-------- 10 | o | | | | | o | 3 --------|-|-+ | +------ 11 | o | | | | | | | o | 4 --------|-|-|-+ | | 12 | o | | | | | | | | o | 5 | | | | | | +---- 13 | o | | | | | | | | | o | 6 --------|-|-|-|-+ | | | +-- 14 | o | | | | | | | | | | | o | 7 --------|-|-|-|-|-+ | | | | 15 | o | | | | | | | | | | | \__ o | 8 | | | | | | | | | | \___| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +-----------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------|-|-|-+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DB15 female | | | | | | DB15 female | | | | | | connector to | | | | | | connector to | | | | | | Joystick B | | | | | | Joystick A | | | | | | ___ | | | | | | ___ | | | | | | __/ | | | | | | | __/ | | | | | | | / o | 1 ---|-|-|-|--+ | / o | 1 --+ | | | | | 9 | o | | | | | | 9 | o | | | | | | | o | 2 ---+ | | | | | o | 2 ----+ | | | | 10 | o | | | | | 10 | o | | | | | | o | 3 -----+ | | | | o | 3 ------+ | | | 11 | o | | | | 11 | o | | | | | o | 4 -------|-|----+ | o | 4 --------+ | | 12 | o | | | 12 | o | | | | o | 5 | | | o | 5 | | 13 | o | | | 13 | o | | | | o | 6 -------+ | | o | 6 ----------+ | 14 | o | | 14 | o | | | o | 7 ---------+ | o | 7 ------------+ 15 | o | 15 | o | \__ o | 8 \__ o | 8 \___| \___| Notes: 1)This diagram comes with NO warranties expressed or implied. It is provided for information only. In no event shall Stephen L. Balkum, Daniel A. Sill or Zephyr Software be held 168 liable for damages resulting from use, misuse, or inability to use this information. 2)This cable has worked with a standard joystick port connector, a Sound Blaster port connector, and a Sound Blaster Pro joystick port connector. 169