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1993-06-14
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$Unique_ID{PAR00041}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Concussion}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{Concussion Concussions Unconsciousness injury No memory accident
Confusion vomiting Inability to walk Eyes Pupils ear Blood Bloody fluid nose
headache Stiff neck drowsiness Slow pulse Abnormal breathing fall falls
falling blow head blows brain bruise computed tomographic CT scan
echoencephalogram electroencephalogram spinal tap neurosurgeon}
$Log{
Bleeding Inside Skull*0004101.tif}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Concussion
Quick Reference
SYMPTOMS
- Unconsciousness at the instant of injury
- No memory of the accident
- No memory of events before the accident
- Confusion
- Persistent vomiting
- Inability to walk
- Eyes not parallel
- Pupils of different sizes
- Pupils that do not become smaller when a bright light is shined in the
eyes
- Blood coming from the ear
- Bloody fluid that does not clot coming from the nose
- Increasingly severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Increasing drowsiness
- Slow pulse
- Abnormal breathing
HOME CARE
- If there are any signs of concussion, see your doctor. While waiting
to see the doctor, have the child rest in bed with the head on a
pillow.
- If there is a head injury with no signs of concussion, have the child
rest in bed with his or her head on a pillow.
- The child may sleep but must be wakened every hour so that you can
check on the child's condition.
- Continue bed rest until at least one day after the child seems fully
recovered.
- Give only aspirin or acetaminophen for headache.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not try to treat the child at home if there are any signs of
concussion.
- Do not give painkillers, sedatives, or any medicine stronger than
aspirin or acetaminophen to a child with a head injury.
- If the scalp is depressed (pushed in) at the site of the injury, see
your doctor.
- If gentle tapping of the skull produces the dull sound of a broken
melon, see your doctor.
A concussion is an injury to the brain. It is caused by a fall or by a
blow on the head from a blunt object. In many ways, a concussion is like a
bruise of the brain. There is swelling in the brain, and sometimes blood
escapes into the brain tissue. Since a concussion is an injury to the brain
matter itself, it may occur even if the skull is not fractured. Concussions
range from mild to serious.
Most children suffer one or more blows to the head at some time during
childhood. Typical reactions to head injuries are immediate crying, headache,
paleness, vomiting once or twice, a lump or cut at the site of injury, and
sleepiness for one or two hours. These are not the signs of a
concussion--they are usual reactions to a blow on the head.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Any of the following are signs of a possible concussion: unconsciousness
at the instant of the injury, no memory of the accident or of events that
occurred before the accident, confusion (the child doesn't recognize his
parents or know his own name), persistent vomiting, inability to walk, eyes
not parallel, pupils of different sizes (however, some children normally have
unequal pupils), pupils that do not become smaller when a bright light is
shined into the eyes, blood coming from the ear canal, bloody fluid that does
not clot coming from the nose, headache that continues to become more severe,
stiff neck (the chin cannot be touched to the chest with the mouth closed),
increasing drowsiness, slow pulse (less than 50 to 60 beats per minute), and
abnormal breathing.
There are two rare forms of concussion in which symptoms do not develop
until hours after the injury (called epidural bleeding) or until days or weeks
afterward (called subdural bleeding).
HOME CARE
If the child shows any of the signs of a concussion, see your doctor.
If there are no signs of a concussion, or if you are waiting to see the
doctor, have the child rest in bed. Bed rest is the most essential treatment
for a head injury that does not penetrate the skull. Keep the child lying
quietly, with the head on a pillow. Check the child frequently. The child
may sleep but must be awakened every hour so that you can check on her
condition until she feels well. Keep the child in bed until at least one day
after she seems fully recovered. Give only aspirin or acetaminophen for
headache.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not attempt home treatment if there are any signs of a concussion.
- Do not treat a head injury at home if the scalp is depressed (pushed in)
at the site of the injury or if gentle tapping of the skull produces the
dull sound of a broken melon. (These symptoms rarely, if ever, occur
without other signs of concussion.)
- Do not give painkillers, sedatives, or any medication stronger than
aspirin or acetaminophen to a child with a head injury.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Your doctor may order an x-ray examination of the skull. Your child may
be hospitalized for observation. A computed tomographic (CT) study may be
ordered. An echoencephalogram, an electroencephalogram, and a spinal tap may
sometimes be helpful. If the concussion is serious, your doctor may consult a
neurosurgeon (a surgeon who specializes in disorders of the nervous system).