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- Amiga 8meg ram expander (C)1992 Silicon Synapse Electronics
- Designed by John Kamchen Support BBS: (204) 589-1078 Wpg,MB Canada Nov.28
- DOC file version 4 Feb.4th 1992 Schematic2.0
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- This project is ShareWare. If you build it, and it works (why wouldn't it?)
- then passing $20 along my way would help pay for future projects as fantastic
- as this one. The address is at the end of this file.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- *****************************************************************************
- There was a mistake in the last release's schematic. The top three address
- lines were REVERSED when going to the 74ls138. It should have been
- A23 - C A22 - B A21 - A . The schematics provided reflect this change.
- My thanks to Jason Goga for pointing that out
- --------------
- I have also been told that 256k x 1 DRAM chips will also work on this project.
- My memory data book doesn't have full specs on the 256x1, so I canot verify
- this. Use them at your own risk.
- *****************************************************************************
-
- With memory prices dropping every day, a fully expanded Amiga looks better all
- the time. If you shop around, you can get a 1meg simm for less than $40. That
- means an 8meg system will set you back $320. Not that bad, considering 3 years
- ago that would have got you only 2 megs. But you need more than just RAM, you
- also need a RAM CARD (duhh). These days, you have a big selection to choose
- from. GVP, IVS, ICD to name a few. Some are simply RAM cards, some have an
- SCSI host as well. My GrandSlam cost $300, a Meta4 about $175, DataFlyer RAM
- about $125. Now you can build your own 8meg expander for less than $10 !
-
- If you shop around, you can get all the interface and control chips for less
- than $5 ($4.98 to be exact). The parts list shows prices from Active. Adding
- sockets and whatever jacks the price up a few bucks.
-
- Parts List: Cost
- U1 74ls138 .40
- U2 - U6 74ls157 2.35
- U7 - U8 74ls245 1.28
- U9 74ls14 .35
- U10 74hc08 .31
- U11 74ls32 .29
- Misc:
- Decoupling caps 11 x .1uf
-
- How it works: RAM ACCESS
- When the CPU accesses the area from $20000 to $9FFFFF, U1 decodes A21-A23 to
- provide 4 possible bank select signals. About 58ns after _AS goes low, _RAS
- will also go low. Depending on what kind of access it is (WORD BYTE READ
- WRITE) one or two _CAS lines will go low either 94ns (READ) or >100ns (WRITE)
- after _AS low. Remember that on the 68000, _UDS/_LDS go low at the same time
- as _AS for a READ, but are delayed for a WRITE. That is why they go thru the 2
- OR gates (U11). This ensures that _CASxx will fall at the right time.
- When _AS goes high at the end of the cycle, _CASxx goes high first, then _RAS.
-
- REFRSH MODE
- The DRAM memory is being used in _CAS before _RAS refresh mode. This means
- that if _CAS is brought LOW about 20ns before _RAS, the DRAM automaticly
- selects what row to refresh. Only 64k x 4, 256k x 4 and 1meg x 1/4 support
- this feature. Otherwise, there would need to be counters and stuff added,
- maybe 5 more chips. When the CPU accesses CHIP ram ($0 to $1FFFFF), Y0 of U1
- goes LOW. This is the signal that says 'Time to refresh, cuz we ain't gonna be
- needed on this cycle'. All _CASxx lines will come low 72ns after _AS LOW,
- followed by _RAS LOW 100ns after _AS LOW. So the time diff between _CAS and
- _RAS is about 28ns, within the 20ns min parameter. The chip is kept refreshed
- untill the cycle ends.
-
- CONSTRUCTION:
- This design uses D0-D15, A1-A23, R/W, _AS, _UDS and _LDS. All these signals
- can be found at the expansion port of the 500, or CPU/Zorro slots on a 2000.
- For 500 owners ,this board could also be placed under the 68000 itself,
- saving your expansion port for better things. As long as you provide a good
- power path, there should be no problems. My proto-type board with 2megs used
- around 300ma while running Memory_Doctor, and 169ma just sitting there, no
- programs running. It uses ALOT more than my GrandSlam (90ma) for refreshing,
- but I'm not using custom chips and they are. For a 500 supply, 8megs might be
- more than it can handle, so consider buying a 150-200w switching supply (any
- AT type will do since they cost half as much as a '500 specific' supply).
-
- SIMM sockets cost ALOT of bucks, so you may want to spend a $1 more and buy
- SIPP ram (with the pins). Those can fit into normal IC sockets (Just to give
- you an idea, 8megs of SIMM sockets cost $21, while 12 20pin sockets cost
- $2.50). The SIPPs will tend to sit in at an angle, so fashion some type of
- brace for them. If you use SIPP ram, the board won't fit inside a 500, but
- low-profile SIMM sockets just might.
-
- Get the exact same parts that I have in the parts list. Don't sub an HC for an
- LS. All types have been chosen for their propagation times. Best place to get
- the parts is Active Components. They are cheap, and always have good stock. I
- have heard of people being charged upto $2 a chip at some other places (Radio
- Shack, WES). Board layout isn't critical, but use some common sense, try and
- keep data and address lines together, and so forth. Wire wrapping is OK.
-
- ADDING RAM:
- You can use 1meg by 8 (or 9, some place charge MORE for the 8bit sipp!), or
- 256k x 8/9 sipps. To use the 256k, they must have only 2 chips on them (3 if
- it is a 9bit simm). Why? The ones with 8 or 9 chips use 256k x 1 type DRAM
- chips. Those are fine in other ram expanders but not here. They DON'T support
- _CAS before _RAS refresh. See Fig.1 for all the different SIMM types.
-
- AUTO-CONFIG:
- As is, the design will not configure on power up. A program called AutoAddRAM
- is used to patch the expansion into the free memory pool. If you have a hard
- drive, this can be done during the startup-sequence. For floppy users, follow
- the docs for the program. Unlike a PAL'd ram card, this one hard-wires the ram
- address area. The folowing are some examples of how to write the .aar file.
-
- 200000 9ffffe 0 BigOne /* 8meg, using 1meg sim, all banks filled.
-
- 200000 3ffffe 0 Little /* 2meg, using 1meg simm, in bank 1 & 8.
- 400000 9ffffe 0 BigBoy /* 6meg, using 1meg simm, bank 2,3,4,5,6 & 7.
-
- 200000 27fffe 0 Expansion /* 256k, using 256k simm, bank 1 & 8.
- 400000 47fffe 0 Expansion /* 256k, bank 2 & 7.
- 600000 67fffe 0 Expansion /* 256k, bank 3 & 6.
- 800000 87fffe 0 Expansion /* 256k, bank 4 & 5.
-
- *Note* Don't include the comments in the actual .aar file!
-
- With those last 256k areas, you just added 2megs, but it's broken up into
- 4 256k sections in the expansion mapped area. This is a cheaper way to get to
- 2megs, since those 256k simms are CHEAP when bought used. I found that APPLE
- service centers seems to always have the right type of simm (I assume
- Apple/Mac machines use _CAS before _RAS as well).
- You can also mix and match memory sizes, 2megs using 1meg simms, and an extra
- 768k using 256k simms. This list shows where your memory will show up.
-
- Bank1/8 Bank2/7 Bank3/6 Bank4/5
- from $200000 $400000 $600000 $800000
- 256k $27fffe $27fffe $67fffe $67fffe
- 1meg $3ffffe $5ffffe $7ffffe $9ffffe
-
- See Fig.2 to get an idea of where to place all the parts. There are holes
- here and there for decoupling caps. I have removed the artwork from the
- Release Disk because of the error in address decoding. The parts layout is
- still there, just to give you an idea. A good way to mount this board is to
- solder 64 wires into the board, then solder your 68000 to those (Look at the
- AtOnce). Just an idea.
-
- COMPATABILITY:
- The design follows all the bus specs from the MC68000 manual from the
- Motorola Databook. There could be some problems with a faster system, or
- cards that use DMA. The good thing is, since you are using normal ram moduals,
- if you do buy a card that conflicts with this board, you are only out the cost
- of the board, not the RAM (which can be used with 90% of Amiga ram cards).
-
- ----------------------------------------------------
- Also from Silicon Synapse Electronics ShareWare Division:
-
- S.A.P.E.P. (Simple Amiga Parallel Eprom Programmer)
- Incredible software/hardware combo. Program 2764-27128 21v/12.5v eproms thru
- the Pport. Fairly simple project shows just how versitile the Amiga's parallel
- port can be! Includes complete schematics, SAPEP program & C source.
-
- The Computer Tech Journal
- Issue #1: Audio Sampler Fundamentals (includes demo circuits)
- Issue #2: 8meg Ram for Amiga (Grand=Daddy of this project)
- Issue #3: Eprom Programmer (Look for S.A.P.E.P., software/hardware project)
- Issue #4: Proto-Board for the Amiga (a must have for any Amiga hacker!)
-
- To get all the ShareWare/PD files listed in this file, just send $2 US/CDN
- ($5 over-seas) and your return address to:
-
- John Kamchen
- c/o Silicon Synapse Electronics
- 41 Matheson Ave.E
- Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- R2W-0C1
-
- Or call Silicon Synapse Electronics BBS (204) 589-1078 12/24 24hrs
- Canada's #1 Amiga Technical & Electronics BBS.
-
- John Kamchen Feb.4th 1992 11:57am
- -eof-
-