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- MICROSOFT NEWSLETTER
- MARCH-APRIL 1982
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- How do Microsoft Products Interface with CP/M Disk Files? We've
- had a lot of requests for more information regarding the manner in
- which Microsoft products function with CP/M when dealing with files.
- In the next few months we'll attempt to explain in detail how we deal
- with various types of files. First, a few ground rules: We're going to
- discuss version 2.2 and later of CP/M. Older versions (or the so
- called "look-alikes", including MP/M,) may behave differently! We'll
- begin with a review of CP/M's disk allocation schemes. While most of
- the disk file access routines are up to the manufacturer of the
- particular system you're using; there are some basic facts to keep in
- mind. The most important is that CP/M ALWAYS deals with files as
- collections of 128 byte records. CP/M ALLOCATES files in larger
- blocks, which may range from 256 bytes to 16K bytes. This "block" is
- the smallest unit of disk space that CP/M will allocate for any file.
- Finally, there is a unit of storage called an "extent", which is a
- multiple of the minimum allocation. For example, with a 1K
- allocation, the extent size might be 16K. When you run the CP/M
- program STAT (type STAT *.*), the program will tell you the size of
- each of the files on your disk, in terms of the number of records, the
- number of extents, and the size of the file in bytes (always a
- multiple of the minimum allocation block). CP/M handles the "mapping"
- of physical sectors to logical 128 byte records through a
- "blocking/deblocking" algorithim, which can be treated as a "black
- box" for all but the most esoteric applications. Finally, when we
- start trying to compute how much space we have remaining on a given
- disk; we're also limited by the number of "directory entries"; since
- the CP/M system allocates a fixed space on the disk for the directory.
- To obtain information about the physical characterisics of your
- particular disk system you can use the STAT DSK: command. I hope this
- provides a good introduction to the CP/M file system. Next month,
- we'll discuss sequential files and how they are handled by MBASIC,
- FORTRAN, and COBOL.
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